PUZZLES

AND GAMES
IN LOGIC AND
REASONING

Terry M. Badger
PUZZLES AND GAMES
IN LOGIC AND
REASONING

Terry M. Badger

DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC.

Mineola, New York
 DEDICATED TO
My rrwther
ELIZABETH L. BADGER

Who introduced me to the fascination of using the mind to solve

problems for recreation-and life.

Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by Terry M. Badger.
All rights reseived.

Bibliographical Note
Puzzles and Games In Logic and Reasoning is a new work, first published by Dover
Publications, Inc., in 1996.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Badger, Terry M.
Puzzles and games in logic and reasoning I Terry M. Badger.
P· cm.
ISBN-13: 978-0-486-28583-2 (pbk. )
ISBN-10: 0-486-28583-9 (pbk. )
1. Puzzles. I. Title.
GV1493.B2 1996
793. 73S--dc20 94-36774
CIP

Manufactured in the United States by LSC Communications

28.'583904 2016
www.doverpublications.com
 CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION vii

I: LOGIC PUZZLES 1

II: SITUATION PUZZLES 10

Ill: TRICK OR JUVENILE PUZZLES AND

RIDDLES 13

IV: GROUP GAMES 17

V: SPATIAL PUZZLES
A. Matchstick Marvels 21
B. Penny Puzzles 24
c. Pencil Puzzles 25

VI: ADVANCED PUZZLES

A. Algebra 26
B. Bridge 27
c. Mathematical 35

VII: CLUE AND DEDUCTION PUZZLES 38

v
vi CONTENTS

VIII: WORD PUZZLES AND GAMES

A. Puzzles 44
B. Games 52

IX: DETECTOPUZZLES 56

X: MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND PUZZLES

A. Sports Teams 68
B. Monster Movies 71
c. Brain Teasers 72
D. English Translations 74
E. Hidden Animals 77
F. The State of Affairs 79
G. Presidents in Hiding 80
H. Acronymania 80

ANSWERS 83
 INTRODUCTION

Puzzles and games have always fascinated me! Each one has its own per-
sonality. All, however, have one thing in common: the gift of satisfaction
to the solver.
There have been many different kinds of books written on puzzles and
games, most of them dealing with limited categories of this extremely di-
verse subject. This book gives the reader a sizable cross section of puz-
zle types, on the premise that variety will heighten the interest and plea-
sure of the solver. I have tried to make this book interesting to the great
majority of"puzzle nuts" with normal (whatever that is) mentalities. This
does not mean, however, that if your IQ is stratospheric you won't enjoy
it, too! The contents, including the Advanced Puzzles chapter, are
intended to be within the range of most solvers. The main tool required
is a logical mind. A mathematical education that includes geometry
and algebra skills is necessary in some instances. In the bridge section,
knowledge of that game is of course required. Because crossword puz-
zles, cryptograms, acrostics and other pencil games are so plentiful in
other publications, none will be found in this book. What is offered is a
compilation of the fruits of over thirty years of collecting and devising
fascinating and challenging puzzles and games of many different types.
The diversity of selections offered is, I believe, unique to this book.
The mind is a fascinating instrument. It is also an electronic "muscle"
that likes being used; indeed needs to be used. Thought problems set in
interesting environments present a pleasing way of exercising the cere-
bral "muscle." I hope that the following pages, while not guaranteed to
make you smarter, will at least give you an enjoyable alternative to T.V.'s
vast wasteland, and many hours of happy and healthy intellectual exer-
cise.

TERRY M. BADGER
Escondido, California

vii
 I

LOGIC PUZZLES

This chapter offers word puzzles that can be worked alone by the reader
or posed to a group. All are straightforward, with varying degrees of dif-
ficulty. Some require pencil and paper, but most are solvable by simply ·
putting your mind to the wheel and pushing! Here we go (answers be-
gin on page 83).

G:t 1. Once upon a time there lived on a South Seas island a king with
an exceedingly beautiful daughter. She was of marrying age and had three
ardent suitors among whom she could not choose. Their late parties and
noisy frolicking were of great annoyance to the King, and finally, after
three nights of little or no sleep, he called his daughter to the throne
room. "Daughter," he pleaded, "you must make a choice between those
young men, get married, and move away. I need my sleep!" "But Daddy,"
she replied, "they are all so handsome and so much fun! I simply cannot
choose." "Then," grumbled the King, 'TH make the choice for you." With
that, he commanded that the three young men be brought into a small
room that contained a single table on which were five hats: three red and
two blue. When the three suitors had seen the hats and noted their num-
ber and color, they were blindfolded and the King gave them the fol-
lowing instructions: "Upon each of your heads, I will place a hat. I will
then take the two remaining hats out of the room and your blindfolds
will be removed. Your task will then be, without any words or gestures
passing between you, to determine what color hat you have on your head.
When you think you know, raise your hand. If you are correct, you shall
have the hand of my daughter in marriage. Of course, touching your hat
or causing it to fall off will be grounds for instant disqualification." Upon
removal of the blindfolds, the three suitors looked at each other for a
lengthy period of time, saying nothing. Finally, one raised his hand and
said, "I see a red hat on each of the others. Therefore, I must have a

1
 2 Puzzl.ES AND GAMES IN LoclC AND REASONING

___ hat on." He was correct, and lived happily ever after with the
King's daughter-and the King slept soundly once again. What color hat
did the winner have on and how did he know?

6j 2. You have in your possession twelve gold balls, all exactly the same
size and color. One of the balls, however, is a different weight from the
other eleven. You do not know whether it is heavier or lighter, just that
it is different. Using a balance scale, determine which ball is the odd
weight and whether it is heavier or lighter, in only three weighings.

9 3. The same manufacturer of gold balls minted some gold coins. The
coins were made in lots of ten. After ten lots were completed, an in-
spector discovered that one lot had been made with a gold alloy that
weighed 10% less than the correct alloy. Using an accurate weight (not
balance) scale, determine with one weighing which of the ten stacks of
ten coins was defective. A proper coin weighs one ounce.

q 4. In the deep, dark jungles of Africa, three missionaries and three

cannibals came to a river where a two-man canoe was conveniently
beacped. Though the cannibals seemed friendly enough, the missionar-
ies,.decided they would be safe only if they were never outnumbered by
the cannibals. How, then, did the six men get across the river without
the cannibals ever outnumbering the missionaries on either side? The ca-
noe can be paddled by one or two men, all men can paddle the canoe
and the number of trips required is unlimited.

"f' 5. A little further up the same river was a very rickety old bridge.
The bridge would support only 150 pounds. If even one pound more than
this were imposed on the bridge, it would collapse in pieces and anyone
on it would be thrown into the river. One day a young native boy was
coming back to his village with three beautiful cheeses that he had bought
at the mission store. The boy weighed 140 pounds and the cheeses each
weighed five pounds. The boy knew that the bridge would not support
him and all three cheeses, but he neither wanted to leave one behind nor
make two trips to get his purchases across. Being nimble of mind and
limb, he devised a way to get all three cheeses across the old bridge in
one trip. :tfow did he do it?

6\ 6. Though the missionaries were making inroads in converting the

cannibals, now and then one of them would go too far and anger the High
Chief. On one such occasion, a missionary had been sentenced by the
Chief to death, but in an unusual fashion . Coming to the missionary on
the day of execution, he said, "Though you must die, I, in my desire to
be merciful, shall give you a choice in the manner of your death. I shall
 LOGIC PUZZLES 3

let you make a final statement. If that statement is judged to be true, you
shall be poisoned. If the statement is a lie, you shall be fed to my pet
lion, who has not eaten for two weeks." And having spoken, he walked
away, smiling. Neither of the alternatives struck the missionary as par-
ticularly appealing, so he engaged in much thought. Finally, he called to
the High Chief and made to him a short statement. The Chief frowned,
stamped his feet in anger and stalked away, mumbling for the guards to
give the missionary his freedom. What statement had the missionary made
that saved his life?

Gr 7. Meanwhile, down in the South Seas, the King was growing old.
Besides his daughter, who had married and moved to Detroit, he had
two strapping twin sons. This presented him with a problem. His king-
dom, could have only one ruler, yet he could not choose between his sons.
As they were both fine horsemen, he devised a race that would at once
determine his successor and test their mental mettle. He called them to-
gether and told them, "You will engage in a horse race from the palace
steps to the small palm grove two miles across the field. Whoever's horse
crosses the finish line second shall be heir to the throne. Get ready! Go!"
And with that, the two horsemen galloped off across the field at great
speed. When they were about halfway across the field, their father's words
finally sank in. Not wanting to finish first and lose the throne, they slowed
down and finally stopped. They dismounted and had a long discussion
about how they should proceed. Almost simultaneously, the answer be-
came clear to each. They dashed for the horses, leaped on their backs
and sped toward the palm grove. What reasoning led to their actions?

+- 8. After the exciting race, the King became very thirsty. He asked
one of his beautiful attendants to bring him a tall glass full of ice and wa-
ter. When the glass was placed on the table beside his chair, he noticed
that the water came exactly to the rim of the glass while some of the ice
cubes rose above the rim. Before he could drink from the glass, the King
fell asleep. When he awoke, he looked at the glass beside him and noted
that the ice had all melted. Was the water level now below the rim of the
glass, had the water overflowed the rim, or what?

l q 9. Back in Africa, the missionaries and cannibals had returned to the

• river from their trip to a neighboring mission. On the way back, two of
the cannibals had engaged in a fight, and their hands were so injured
they were unable to paddle the canoe. They were, however, still consid-
ered by the missionaries to be dangerous. How did the missionaries and
cannibals get across the river this time, without the cannibals ever out-
numbering the missionaries on either side of the river and with only the
missionaries and one cannibal, Og, able to paddle the canoe?
 4 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

G, 10. After successfully crossing the river, the missionaries and canni-
bals stopped to refresh themselves. The missionaries had a one-gallon
container of water and the cannibals had a one-gallon container of Old ·
JS Uungle spirits). Wanting something stronger than water but not as
strong as Old JS (it was reported to be deadly), one of the missionaries
decided to dilute both containers. He took a cup of Old JS and poured
it into the water container, mixing it thoroughly. He then took a cup of
the mixture and poured it into the Old JS container. After the two trans-
fers, both containers again held exactly one gallon. Was there more wa-
ter in the Old JS container than Old JS in the water container, or what?

~ 11. Back in the South Seas, the twins (the horse race winner had gra-
ciously offered to share the kingdom with his brother) were exploring a
remote beach of the island. They noticed that an eight-gallon cask of rum
had washed up on the beach. They wanted to share the cask equally but
had only a five-gallon container and a three-gallon container with which
to make the apportionment. How did they divide the rum so that each
had exactly four gallons?

4 12. The twins still loved to ride horses and they had devised a dar-
ing and dangerous contest. They would start at opposite sides of the field
and dash headlong toward each other until one or the other would veer
off to avoid a collision. One day while they were engaged in this contest
(which they called Polynesian Chicken), a fly lighted on the nose of one
of the horses. When the twins were exactly a mile apart and each horse
was galloping toward the other at exactly 30 miles per hour, the fly took
off and flew at 60 miles per hour directly to the nose of the other horse.
Then he turned around and flew at the same speed back to the first horse.
The fly continued back and forth in this manner until the horses met. It
was unfortunate for the fly that he picked the one day neither of the twins
gave way, and was crushed between the noses of the two horses as they
careened into each other. Considering the fly's turnaround times to be
zero, how far did he travel before he died?

a, 13. The King had a well in back of the palace. One night a small snail
fell into the well and struggled to get to the slippery wall. At dawn of the
first day, he began climbing up the 30-foot wall. By sundown, he had
climbed three feet. He rested all night but found by dawn of the second
day he had slipped two feet back down the wall. Again he climbed three
feet during the day, and slipped back two feet at night. Considering the
climbing and slipping rates remained constant, how long did it take the
snail to reach the top of the well and escape?

C1 14. One of the twins was on the opposite side of the island from the
palace. He had ridden halfway home at a speed of five miles per hour
 LOGIC PUZZLES 5

when he suddenly remembered an appointment. He galloped homeward

like the wind. How fast would he have had to go to average ten miles per
hour for the whole trip?

~ 15. Back in Africa, one of the missionaries got lost. The particular
part of the country he was in was inhabited by two tribes of natives. One
tribe had a strict rule about telling only the truth, while the other was
composed of notorious liars. As he approached a fork in the path, a na-
tive popped out of the bush right in front of him! He wanted to ask the
man which path he should take to his destination but did not know
whether the native was a truthteller or a liar. By devising one simple ques-
tion, the missionary was able to assure that the native's answer would di-
rect him to the correct path. What question did the missionary ask?

Gr 16. In the compound behind the mission, the missionaries had col-
lected an interesting assortment of birds and beasts. Among them, the
creatures had 30 heads and 100 feet. How many birds and how many
beasts were there in the compound?

~ 17. The missionaries had a well-stocked library. On one shelf there

were three volumes, each containing 300 pages. A ravenous bookworm
began by eating through the first page of the first volume and devoured
a tunnel through the last page of the last volume before he expired from
overeating. Not counting the covers, through how many pages did his
tunnel pass?

l ft 18. The missionaties required a great amount of supplies to carry on

their good works in Africa. The mission had set up a supply route be-
tween Africa and New York which used a number of ships. The shipping
company took great pride in its punctuality. Each day at noon, a ship
would leave New York bound for Africa, and at exactly the same time, a
ship would arrive at New York from Africa. A missionary going to Africa
would take seven days to reach his destination, arriving at noon just as a
ship was leaving the harbor bound for New Yor~unting the ships in
both harbors, how many ships did the missionary pass on his trip to Africa?

~ 19. The missionaries were setting up a store to deal more efficiently

with the natives. The storekeeper unpacked a balance scale, but it had
no weights. The storekeeper determined that he would need to weigh
items of up to 40 pounds. Considering both weights and items to be even
pounds (no fractions), what is the minimum number of weights and the
value of each which the storekeeper must order to operate his scale?

q 20. The storekeeper was unloading a delivery of supplies. The last

three items on the truck.were cartons labeled "ccx::oNUTs," "PINEAPPLES"
 6 PuzzLEs AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

and "PINEAPPLES AND COCONUTS." The delivery man advised the store-
keeper that all three labels were incorrect. By inspecting only one fruit
from one box, the storekeeper determined the contents of all three car-
tons. From which box did he withdraw the sample?

~ 21. A hunter left his camp one morning and traveled two miles south,
where he stopped to have lunch. He then traveled two miles east, where
he shot a bear. He continued two miles north and arrived back at his
camp. What color was the bear?

l.1 22. One evening a commuter arrived at the train station an hour
early. Since the weather was nice, he decided to walk home. His wife,
driving to the station to meet him, saw him walking, picked him up and
drove him the balance of the distance home. Had he waited at the sta-
tion, his wife would have picked him up exactly on time. He reached
home 20 minutes early. How long did he walk?

~ l"7 23. The commuter arrived home just in time to kiss his daughter,
Angela, goodnight. Angela had been eight years old two days before but
next year she would be eleven. What was the date of the commuter's ar-
rival home?

+ 24. One day the commuter decided to drive to work instead of tak-
ing the train. He averaged 40 miles per hour and arrived one minute late.
The next day, leaving home at the same time, he drove an average of 45
miles per hour and arrived one minute early. How far did he live from
his place of business?

(:t 23. A grandfather, two fathers and two sons divided nine apples
evenly without having to split any apples. How was this possible?

q 26. One day, a very poor farmer was going to take a duck, a fox and
a head of lettuce to market. To do so, he had to cross a river in a boat
so small that it could only hold one of the three marketables at a time.
Obviously, the farmer could not leave the duck and the fox together, for
the duck would be devoured by the hungry fox. Nor could he leave the
lettuce with the duck, for in no time the duck would make the lettuce
vanish. How did the farmer manage to get the three to market?

* 27. An LP phonograph record (remember them?) usually has a di-

ameter of twelve inches. The unused outer margin is 1/2-inch wide. The
unused center has a diameter of three inches. There are an average of
100 grooves to the inch. How far does the stylus travel when the record
is played?
 LOGIC PuzzLES 7

+ 28. There are three playing cards lying face up, side by side. A four
is just to the right of a three. A four is just to the left of a four. A dia-
mond is just to the left of a heart, and a diamond is just to the right of a
diamond. What are the three cards?

~ 29. A man looks at a picture on the wall and says, "Brothers and sis-
ters have I none, but this man's father is my father's son." At whose por-
trait is the man looking?

C1 30. A missionary, newly arrived in an African village, was negotiat-

ing with the village Chieftain on proper payment for staying in the vil-
lage while he did his best to convert the inhabitants. The Chief particu-
larly liked a seven-link gold chain the missionary had shown him. The
missionary agreed to give him one link for each week of his stay. However,
he did not want to pay the Chief in advance and the Chief would not
agree to the total payment at the end of the proposed seven-week visit.
The missionary and the Chief agreed upon a method of payment that
would require cutting only one link of the chain and still allow the mis-
sionary to give the Chief one link at the beginning of each week of his
visit. How was this possible?

+ 31. A grocer got a bulk shipment of exactly 20 pounds of jasmine tea.

He wanted to sell it in two-pound packages. Unfortunately, he had only
a balance scale with five- and nine-pound weights. What were the fewest
weighings he could have made to divide the tea into two-pound portions?

f' 32. The missionary was looking forward to a hectic week. He

scratched his head and tried to figure out when he could accomplish his
errands. He had to visit the Witch Doctor, give a talk at the museum,
have lunch with the Chief, m"eet the supply plane at the airport and pick
up his frock at the cleaner's by the river. Unfortunately, there were con-
flicts. The Witch Doctor played golf on Wednesdays, and was never in
on Sundays. The Chief would be available Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday
or Saturday. The cleaner's was closed on Monday. The museum was nor-
mally open seven days a week but would be closed next Saturday for re-
pairs. The supply plane came on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. On
which day of the week could the missionary do all his tasks?

: . 4 33. During the missionary's lunch with the Chief, they were dis-
' cussing the Chiefs three daughters. ''You never told me how old they
are," said the missionary. "The product of their ages is 2,450," replied the
Chief. The missionary thought for a moment and said "That doesn't re-
ally help." 'Well," replied the Chief, "the sum of their ages is exactly the
age of your Bishop." The missionary knew the Bishop's age, and he paused
 8 PvzzLEs AND GAMES JN LOGIC AND REASONING

to think again before saying, "But I still can't tell you your daughters'
ages." "My eldest daughter is younger than you are. Does that help?''
asked the Chief. "It certainly does," replied the missionary. "Your daugh-
ters' ages are ...." Before he could state the ages, the waiter, who had
overheard the whole conversation, interrupted. "I, too, know the ages of
the daughters, as well as the ages of the Bishop and this good man of the
cloth." The waiter promptly stated all five ages correctly, was hired on
the spot to be an adviser to the Chief, and eventually married the Chief's
prettiest daughter. Can you determine from the information the waiter
overheard (he knew none of the ages previous to his eavesdropping) the
five ages in question?

U, 34. The waiter didn't marry the Chief's daughter right away. For one
thing, he had to wait till she grew up! The Chief liked the waiter, but he
decided to put him through another test to make sure he wasn't just lucky
in determining the five ages in the previous problem. So he took him to
a large building with two doors. On each of the doors was hung a sign.
The Chief told the waiter that one of the signs was true and the other
was false. On the first door, the sign read: IN THIS ROOM IS YOUR INTENDED
WIFE, AND IN THE OTHER ROOM IS A VERY HUNGRY CROCODILE. On the
second door, the sign read: IN ONE OF THESE ROOMS IS YOUR INTENDED
WIFE, AND IN ONE OF THESE ROOMS IS A VERY HUNGRY CROCODILE. The
Chief, a man of few words, pointed to the building with the two doors
and looking with steely eyes into the eyes of the waiter, said, "Choose!"
The waiter smiled, walked over to one of the doors and confidently
opened it to find his intended standing breathless. Which door did the
soon-to-be-son-in-law choose, and why was he so confident?

+ 35. In his travels around the continent, the missionary ran into some
strange customs. In one village he visited, the villagers only spoke in ques-
tions. To complicate things, some of the villagers, type Y, asked questions
that could only be answered with "yes." The rest, type N, asked ques-
tions that could only be answered with "no." For example, a Y could ask,
"Is the sun hot?'' but couldn't ask, "Is the sun cold?" One day, the mis-
sionary was asked by one of the villagers, "Are my wife and I both Ns?"
What type was the wife?

~ f!I 36. In a neighboring village, half the natives practice voodoo and al-
ways lie; the other half have more conventional religious practices and
always tell the truth. However, half of the village, both voodoo practi-
tioners (VPs) and normals (Ns), are insane and uniformly confused. All
true propositions they believe false, and all false propositions they be-
lieve true. Therefore, the sane Ns and the insane VPs speak only the
truth, whereas the insane Ns and sane VPs all lie. One day the mission-
 LOGIC PuzzLES 9

ru:y was questioning two young sisters, Barbara and Brenda, one of whom
he knew to be an N, and the other he knew to be a VP. He didn't know
which was which and knew nothing about the sanity of either. Barbara
told the missionary, 'We are both insane." The missionary asked Brenda,
"Is that true?" Brenda replied, "Of course not!" From this exchange, the
missionary could determine which girl was the VP. Which one was?

+ 37. In the next village, the Chief confided in the missionary, 'We
have 100 villagers here, excluding myself. Of the 100, at least one of them
is truthful, but given any two of them, at least one is a liar." How many
villagers were truthful and how many were liars?

+ 38. For the last selection in this chapter, I offer this classic: Two
friends, Ed and Harry, were born in May, one in 1932, the other a year
later. Each had an antique grandfather clock of which he was extremely
proud. Both clocks worked fairly well considering their age, but one clock
gained ten seconds per hour while the other one lost ten seconds per
hour. On a day in January, the two friends set both clocks correctly at
12:00 noon. "Do you realize," asked Ed, "that the next time both our
clocks will show exactly the same time will be on your 47th birthday?''
Harry agreed. Who is older, Ed or Harry?
 II
SITUATION PUZZLES

A situation puzzle creates a "situation" of circumstances which has a

unique answer. These puzzles are best used in a group or party environ-
ment where the leader knows the solution and answers questions posed
to him by the members of the group with a simple "yes" or "no." These
puzzles are easy (and fun) to create yourself, after you get the hang of
the idea. A few of my favorites are offered on the following pages (an-
swers begin on page 88) .

1. John lay fast asleep and snoring on his couch. It was the middle
of the night and the room was inky black. Jane, her nude body lying on
the rug not far from where John lay asleep, was stone cold dead! How
did she die?

2. A man was found dead, hung by the neck. The rope was suspended
from a high rafter. The room in which he was found was locked from the
inside and had no windows. The one door was the only entrance. No fur-
niture of any kind was in the room-it was completely bare. Considering
that the man could attach the rope to the rafter by throwing it over and
using a slipknot, but could not climb the rope, how was it possible for
him to be found hanging with his feet one foot off the floor?

3. A man was afraid to go home because of the man in the mask.

Who was the man in the mask?

4. A man was sitting at breakfast one morning when the doorbell

rang. The delivery man at the door gave the man a long, narrow box.
Upon opening the box, he found the contents to be a recently severed
man's arm. The man did not seem at all surprised, and threw the box,
arm and all, into the trash can. Why did the man receive the arm?
10
 SITUATION PuzzLES 11

5. A man lived on the 14th floor of an apartment building. Every day

he rode the elevator to the ground floor and went to work. In the evening,
he would enter the building on the ground floor, take the elevator to the
seventh floor, and walk up seven flights of stairs to the 14th floor and his
apartment. Why didn't the man ride the elevator all the way to the 14th
floor?

6. A man was found dead in a room which contained a table, some

chairs and 53 bicycles. Why was the man killed?

7. A man was found dead in the middle of the desert with a pack on
his back. How did he die?

8. A young bachelor came home late one night and went to bed. After
about 20 minutes, he arose and looked through the phone book until he
found the phone number of a Dr. James Whitney. He dialed the num-
ber and after a few rings a sleepy female voice said, "Hello." "Is Dr.
Whitney there?" the young man· asked. "He's asleep," the sleepy voice
answered. "Please have him come to the phone," the man said. "It's ur-
gent." "Just a minute," the woman said, putting the phone down. After
waiting a few moments, the man deliberately hung up the phone and
went back to bed. In minutes he was sound asleep. What was the reason
for the strange phone call in the middle of the night?

9. A man left a party one night after having at least one too many.
On the way home, he ran a red light and hit another vehicle broadside.
The driver of the·other car was seriously injured, and his passenger was
dead. The inebriated driver (unhurt, of course) stood trial for drunken
driving but not for manslaughter. Why?

10. A man and his wife went to Japan for a vacation. During their
trip, the wife was killed, apparently in an accident. After returning home,
the husband gave the details of the tragedy to the local newspaper. The
next day, upon reading the account of the tragedy in the paper, a woman
called the police and later that same day the husband was arrested on
suspicion of murder, to which he later confessed. How did the woman
know the man had murdered his wife?

11. Two sisters and their husbands shared an apartment. One day,
in a fit of pique, one of the sisters shot and killed her husband in cold
blood. Though the act was witnessed by her sister and her sister's hus-
band, and, in fact, she even pleaded guilty to the act, the judge at the
trial set her free. Why?
12 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

12. One bright, sunny day a man was walking around the Beech when
he suddenly fell dead. How did he die?
13. A man was found seated in his car in his garage one morning,
shot in the head. The bullet had entered the left temple and exited the
head on the opposite side near the top. The investigating detectives found
two small tire marks about two feet apart in the dust of the garage, and
an unsharpened pencil under the dead man's car. Though the gun was
found in the man's left hand, his death was later found to be murder.
How did the investigators know the man's death was murder, and who
was the murderer?
14. A man was found lying on the bed in his room, a victim of sui-
cide. Under his bed was found a small pile of sawdust. Why did the man
kill himself?
15. One day a man was driving to work and listening to his favorite
radio program on the car radio. When he had been gone from home
about a half hour, he suddenly turned the car around, drove directly back
to his house where he proceeded to shoot and kill his wife. He was ap-
prehended shortly thereafter and readily admitted the murder. What
caused the man to commit this crime?
16. A light-bulb tester in a certain factory was testing the current lot
run of bulbs. The first 12 bulbs he tested burned out immediately.
Surpris~ngly, instead of rejecting it, the inspector signed the acceptance
slip for the entire lot. Why didn't the inspector reject the lot instead of
accepting it?
17. One day a woman was standing in an elevator going down when
suddenly the elevator stopped and the lights went out. The sounds of the
air conditioning in the building ceased also. As she stood there in the dark,
she realized that at that moment, her husband had died. How did she know?
18. A doctor and a lawyer were having lunch and were engaged in
pleasant conversation concerning their respective professions. Suddenly,
there was a commotion in the street outside. It seems a pedestrian had
been hit by a car, and lay mangled and bloody on the sidewalk. The doc-
tor sprang to his feet and exclaimed, "My God, it's my wife!" At this, the
lawyer, with some agitation, pulled a gun and shot the doctor in the head.
What provoked the lawyer to this rash action?
19. An American soldier was on patrol one dark night. Suddenly, the
moon broke through the clouds and revealed another American soldier
not far away. The soldier slowly raised his rifle, aimed and fired, killing
the other soldier on the spot. The first soldier's action proved fully jus-
tified. Why?
 III
TRICK OR JUVENILE PUZZLES
AND RIDDLES

This chapter covers a frivolous genre of the puzzle family. However, that
does not mean that these little gems are any less enjoyable. Many of these
have an effect that can only be attained by speaking the puzzle. The
reader will derive pleasure from these when he passes them on to his
friends or other partygoers. In any case, examine all the words carefully,
for the answers are obvious (or at least funny). My apologies to those who
don't like "sick" puzzles. I have included a few of these, because despite
their "sickness," they are truly clever (answers begin on page 90).

1. A farmer had twenty sick sheep. Three died. How many did he
have left?

2. How do you take a picture of a man with a wooden leg?

Cl 3. A ship is lying at anchor with a rope ladder hanging over the side.
The rungs in the rope ladder are nine inches apart. The tide rises at a
rate of six inches per hour and then falls at the same rate. If one rung of
the ladder is just touching the water when the tide begins to rise, how
many rungs will it have covered after eight hours?

~ 4. How much dirt is there in a hole one foot wide, nine inches long
and three-and-a-half feet deep?

5. An airplane crashes exactly on the border between the United

States and Mexico. Which country has the right to bury the survivors?

13
14 PuZZLES AND GAMES IN l..oGIC AND REASONING

6. Railroad crossing-
Watch out for the cars.
Can you spell that
Without any Rs?

7. Little Nan Eticoat

In a white petticoat
With a red nose.
The longer she stands,
The shorter she grows!
Who is she?

8. As I was going to St. Ives,

I met a man with seven wives.
The seven wives had seven sacks,
The seven sacks had seven cats,
The seven cats had seven kits.
Kits, cats, sacks and wives,
How many were going to St. Ives?

9. What's the longest word in the English language?

10. A man has a drawer containing 20 brown socks and ten blue
socks. In the dark, what is the fewest number of socks he must take out
to ensure himself of a matching pair?

11. What is higher with the head off?

12. A man had 30c comprised of two coins. One of the coins was not
a quarter. What were the two coins?

13. Three men pooled their money and bought 19 cows. At a later
date, they decided to split up the herd and go their separate ways. It was
mutually agreed that the first man should get half the cows, the second
man one-fourth and the last man one-fifth. Obviously, they wanted to
take their cows away in one piece-no partial cows allowed. How did
they accomplish this?

14. Three men checked into a motel and were told rooms were $10
each, which they paid. Later, the desk clerk found he had made an er-
ror-the rooms were only $9 each. He asked the bellhop to take the re-
fund up to the three men. However, the bellhop took $5 out of the till,
gave $1 each to the three men and kept $2 for himself. Now the men
 TRICK OR JUVENILE PuzzLEs AND RIDDLES 15

had each paid $9 each for the three rooms and the bellhop had $2, which
totals $29. What happened to the other dollar from the original $30?

15. What's black and white and black and white and black and
white ... ?

16. What's black and white and red all over and goes 300 miles an
hour?

17. How do you make a dead baby float?

18. Why is "O" the noisiest vowel?

19. If a man and a half can plow a field and a half in a day and a
half, how long does it take ten men to plow ten fields?

20. What do the following three numbers have in common: 11, 69,
88?

21. Jack has two eggs for breakfast every morning. He does not buy
the eggs. No one gives him the eggs. Though he lives on a farm, he has
no chickens. Where do the eggs come from?

22. What word starts and ends with "E" and contains only one let-
ter?

23. I have cities with no houses, forests without trees and rivers with-
out water. What am I?

24. What birds are present at every meal?

25. Can you name the capital of every state in the United States in
less than one minute? How?

26. What insect comes in May?

27. What kind of clothing lasts the longest?

28. What do you call:

a. A girl who has one leg shorter than the other?
b. A Japanese girl with one leg shorter than the other?
c. A cow with both legs on one side shorter than the others?
d. A dog with no legs?
16 Puzzu:s AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND llEAsONING

29. What are the following?

a.@
c+ d. z /\
30. My first part is a big, black bird,
My second part is a naughty word,
All of me is a cheery thing
That blooms at the very beginning of Spring!
What am I?

31. What grows down at the same time it is growing up?

32. Why does a waitress like to serve asparagus?

33. What is bought by the yard and worn by the foot?

34. How many animals of all species did Adam take aboard the ark
(not how many pairs, how many total animals)?

35. If you had only one match, and you entered a room to start a
kerosene lamp, an oil heater and a wood-burning stove, which would you
light first, and why?

36. Explain the following true statement: In my beqroom the near-

est lamp to my bed is twelve feet away. Alone in the room without using
any wires, strings or other contraptions, I can tum out the light and get
into bed before the room is dark. How?

3 7. A certain cow had a rope five yards long tied around her neck.
How could she reach a bale of hay that was ten yards away?

38. Two coal miners emerged from the mine after a hard day's work.
One's face was clean, while the other's was grimy with coal dust. When
they said goodbye, the clean-faced man rushed into the men's room and
scrubbed his face, while the other man went on his way, dirty face and
all. Why?

39. Why does a baby duck walk so softly?

40. "Robert gave Richard a rap in the ribs for roasting the rabbit too
rare." How can this be rephrased and stated using no r's?
 IV

GROUP GAMES

The games depicted here are "join the club" puzzles. One or two mem-
bers of the group know the key to the puzzle, and by giving examples,
the other members of the group are asked to figure out the key. When
a member of the group thinks he has found the key, he gives an exam-
ple. If the example is correct, he is asked for another example. If it, too,
is correct, then he is assumed to have found the key, becomes a mem-
ber of the "club" of those who know the key, and can participate in giv-
ing examples until the other members of the group "join the club." You
will find that no matter how obvious you make the clues, some people
simply will not be able to find the key. Be careful not to carry the game
on too long in these cases. It is boring to the members of the club, and
embarrassing to the outsider(s) who cannot come up with the key.

1. The "I Know" Club. The leader (who knows the key) tells the
group: "I have an aunt who has strange tastes. She likes pepper but
doesn't like spices. She likes quarters but hates pennies, nickels and
dimes." A few more examples may be given by the leader until some of
the group think they may have the key. The key is: My aunt likes any
item that is spelled without an "I." "I know" is simply "no I" backwards!

2. The Happy Face. The leader gets the group in a circle and says,
"I want you to duplicate my actions exactly." With a pointer he draws a
large happy face on the surface in front of the circled spectators, elabo-
rately putting in the smiling mouth and the eyes after having made the
round head in one or two motions. Then he hands the pointer to the per-
son on his right who tries to duplicate the act. If he succeeds, then the
pointer continues around the circle until someone misses. Then the leader
or one of the "club" members will go through the procedure again and
other outsiders may try until all have found the key. This is a great game
17
18 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND l\EAsONING

to play at the beach or at camp where the face can actually be drawn in
the sand or dust. The key is: Just before the leader draws the happy face,
he subtly clears his throat.

3. Spoons. This is a great game to play at camp. The leader gets

three tablespoons and assembles the group around a table or in a circle.
He then proceeds to arrange the spoons in patterns so that they will rep-
resent numbers from zero to ten. For example, the leader may say, "Here
is an eight." He then puts the spoons down so they form an H. Then he
says, "This is a four," and he puts the spoons together so that their bowls
are stacked on top of each other and the stems stick out 120° apart. He
then allows the other members of the group to "form" numbers with the
spoons until they become members of the club. The key is: It doesn't
matter at all what pattern is formed by the spoons. What matters is how
many fingers the leader or demonstrator shows to the group after he has
formed the pattern. This action is taken as unobtrusively as possible. Most
spectators will be so intent on the pattern made by the spoons, they will
not observe the number of fingers exposed on the table (or if sitting in
a circle, on the leader's or demonstrator's knees). Example: The leader
says, "Here's a ten," and arranges the spoons in a pattern. After doing
this he places both hands palm down on the table, exposing all ten fin-
gers. After a few turns, it is wise to make the finger clues more obvious
so the group members can join the club before the game goes on too
long.

4. Scissors. A pair of scissors is required, and the group must be

seated on chairs in a circle. The leader starts out by showing the group
the scissors, opening and closing them a few times. He then gives the
scissors to the person on his left and asks him to pass them back. When
this has been done he says (for example), "I receive them crossed, but
pass them uncrossed." So saying he passes them to the person on his
right. That person is required to state how the scissors were received
(crossed or uncrossed), and how they are passed (crossed or uncrossed)
to the next person. During handling, the passers may manipulate the scis-
sors in any way they desire. The members of the club may make elabo-
rate motions in opening and closing the scissors, changing the angle of
the blades from how they were received, etc. The key is: As in the pre-
vious game, the object has nothing to do with the answer. What matters
here is whether the players' legs are crossed or uncrossed. When the
leader starts out he notices whether the player to his left has his legs
crossed or not (in the example given, they were crossed), then after ma-
nipulating the scissors to throw the group off, he passes them to the next
person, calling the scissors crossed or uncrossed depending on the posi-
tion of his own legs (in the example given, uncrossed). As the game pro-
 GROUP GAMES 19

gresses, members of the club might want to make the key more obvious
by crossing or uncrossing their legs while they are holding the scissors.

5. Mental Telepathy I. This game requires two people who know

the key. Nine magazines or playing cards are required, with an appro-
priate pointer. The cards or magazines are arranged as shown:

DOD
DOD
DOD
The leader sends the guesser out of the room. The group then picks one
of the nine objects to be "it." The guesser is called back into the room
and the leader points to one of the items and asks, "Is this it?" This ques-
tioning will continue until the leader points to the "it" object, and the
guesser will answer, "Yes." The key is: When the leader puts the pointer
on the object in the position that corresponds to the object's position in
the group, the guesser knows that the designated object is "it." For ex-
ample (using magazines), let's say that Sports Illustrated is the designated
magazine and is in the middle of the top row. The leader proceeds as fol-
lows: He might point to the magazine in the lower left-hand comer, touch-
ing its upper left-hand comer with the pointer and ask, "Is this it?" The
guesser would answer, "No." Then the leader might point to the maga-
zine in the upper right-hand comer and touch the pointer to the middle
of the magazine as he asks the question. Again, the guesser's answer would
be, "No." Finally, he touches the S. I. with the pointer at the middle of
the top of the magazine. The guesser sees that the magazine's position
corresponds tci the place on the magazine touched by the pointer, and
answers "Yes" to the question.

6. Mental Telepathy II through ... ? There are many ways of

playing the mental telepathy game. All that is required is that the leader
and the guesser agree on a key. If this game is to be used as a "join the
club" game, the key must not be changed during the course of the game.
For picking objects in a room, some good keys are:
a. Pick a color. The object chosen by the group will be pointed to di-
rectly after pointing to an object of the prearranged color. This can be
less obvious for the group to solve by building in a delay. The given ob-
ject may be pointed to, for example, as the third object after the leader
points to the prearranged color.
20 PuZZLES AND GAMES IN LocJC AND REASONING

b. Vary the form of the question to the guesser. For example, the
leader might point to an object and ask the guesser, "This?" Then, for
the second object he says, "Is it this?" The third object, "Is this it?" If
the key is "Is this it?," the next object pointed to will be the object picked.
c. Pick a gesture. For example, if you point with your right hand, the
desired object might be pointed to after you put your left hand on your
hip or in your pocket.
d. Be original! Devise your own keys. They're endless.

7. Concentration. This is surely one of the best and oldest group

games. The host or leader picks about 30 small, common items and places
them on a tray with a towel covering them. He puts the tray in the cen-
ter of the group where everyone can see all the items to equal advan-
tage. Each of the players is given a pencil and a sheet of paper. The leader
takes the cover off the tray and lets the group view the contents for one
minute. He then re-covers the tray and takes it out of the room (bulges
in the cover may remind the viewers of some of the larger items). The
group is then given five minutes to write down all the items each can re-
member. Of course, no writing is allowed while the tray is being viewed.
The winner is the one who writes down the most correct items, but points
are subtracted for wrong items listed. Good items for this game include:
pen, pencil, paper clip, ribbon, salt shaker, rubber band, comb, spoon,
button, thimble, lemon, bottle cap, etc.

8. Celebrities. Another good group game requires some prepara-

tion. Go through current magazines and newspapers and cut out pictures
of 20 to 30 celebrities, including well-known political, entertainment and
.sports figures. The celebrities should be well enough known so that most
people in the group are familiar with the celebrities' names. Mount the
pictures on one or two large boards (more if the group is large) and place
a number under each picture. The group is given pencils and paper and
must match the number under the picture with the celebrity's name. It
is best not to have a list of the celebrities' names for the group to guess
from-let them try to come up with the names on their own. The win-
ner, of course, is the person who guesses the most celebrities correctly.
No penalties for incorrect guesses in this game.

9. Word Games. Some of the games listed in Chapter VIII make

excellent group games. Categories and Fictionruy are two of the best, de-
pending on the size and dedication of the group.
 v
SPATIAL PUZZLES

This chapter is dedicated to those fascinating games and puzzles which

rely not on words or numbers, but on geometric figures and lines. Many
of these are great at parties (or while waiting for your dinner to come).
Some use matchsticks and coins; others are more involved and can best
be solved using pencil and paper, or by cutting appropriate figures from
paper or cardboard. I hope you will find the variety offered here inter-
esting and recreational. Some people have used these games as a man-
ner of gambling, which I don't support. Anyone who offers to play match-
stick games for money is not a sportsman; he's a thief! (answers begin on
page 92).

A. MATCHSTICK MARVELS

i~ I. By moving two matches in the figure below, create four equal-size

squares. All matches must be used, and the squares must touch at least
one other square.

- -I- - - - - -
1__1_
+ 2. The figure below represents a dog kennel with six equal-size en-
closures, constructed with 13 "sides" of equal length. One night, one of
the dogs destroyed the side of his enclosure and escaped. The owner re-
21
 22 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN l..oGIC AND REASONING

captured the dog but had no replacement sides. How did the owner re-
arrange the existing twelve sides to create six equal enclosures?
----- ----- -----
I-----II I 11-----I
-----
-1- 3. Twelve matches are arranged as shown. By moving exactly two
matches, create a figure with seven squares.

+ 4. Arrange the six matches below so that each match touches every
other match.

111111
t- 5. Arrange the six matches shown so that they form eight equilateral
triangles. Only three matches may be moved from their original position.

"f 6. Arrange four wooden matchsticks as shown. By moving only one

match, create a perfect square.

&f
+
7. Removal games. There are many versions of this fascinating pas-
time. Different types of similar items (coins, pebbles, etc.) may be used,
but matches are the easiest and generally the most available. The game
is played by two players, who lay out the items in a prearranged manner.
 SPATIAL Puzzl.Es 23
By alternating removal of the items, the player who removes the last item
loses. Two examples are given here.

a. Arrange 15 matches as shown: 11I11

11I1
111
11
1
Determine who goes first. Each player, alternately, removes as many
matches from any one row as he desires, but may never take matches
from more than one row per tum. Whoever takes the last match loses,
and determines who goes first in the next game. Caution: Do not play
this game for money, for whoever goes first can always win.

Gr b. Arrange 15 matches as shown:

lllllllllllltlt
Each player, alternately, removes one to three matches. Rules per (a),
above.
Since "patterns" will be learned in playing a game a number of times~
winning strategy can be acquired with experience. It is fun to change the
initial setup by varying the numbers of rows and/or matches t<>i make the
game more complex, as new "winning patterns" are developed.

8. Arrange a group of matches to form the figures in the sequence,

as shown. What should the next figure in this logical sequence be?

~ (7 9. Arrange the matches as shown. By moving only one match, make .

the equation correct.

11 \/ I
 24 PuZZLEs AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

-&- 10. Arrange the matches as shown. By moving one match, make the
equation correct.

XX 111
--- 11
VII
1'- 11. Arrange 13 matches as shown. By removing one and changing
the position of three others, show what the best matches are made of.

B. PENNY PUZZLES

cq 1. Arrange 10 pennies as shown.

By moving only three pennies, change the orientation of the triangle

180°, from upwards to downwards .

.f 2. Arrange eight pennies as shown.

By moving one penny, make two rows of five pennies each.

&, 3. Arrange five pennies so that each penny touches every other
penny.

l1 4. In a variation of the removal game in the previous section of this

chapter, collect an odd number of pennies (or any coins), the more the
better. Each player takes, alternatively, one to three coins. The winner
is the one who has collected an odd number of coins when the pile is ex-
hausted.
 SPATIAL Puzzl.ES 25
+ 5. Arrange two quarters and a nickel as shown, with the quarters
touching each side of the nickel. Get the left-hand quarter between the
nickel and the right-hand quarter without moving the nickel or touching
the right-hand quarter.

C. PENCIL PUZZLES

9 I. Draw four continuous straight lines through the nine dots shown
without removing the pencil from the paper.

~~ 2. What is the maximum number of spaces that can be created within

a circle by drawing four straight lines through it?

.+ 3. A solid figure is viewed from the following three angles. How is it

possible?

-------
-------
 VI

ADVANCED PUZZLES

This chapter is dedicated to those readers who like to solve the "really
tough ones." I have divided the chapter into three parts. The first part will
require dusting off your algebra skills. The second section requires a knowl-
edge of that most special of card games-bridge. The third section is made
up of a variety of puzzles, some of which require a knowledge of advanced
mathematics. All the puzzles in this section have unique answers and it is
hoped that the variety of challenges given will provide hours of good cere-
bral exercise and entertainment (answers begin on page 95).

A. ALGEBRA

+ 1. Given the rectangle shown, determine the area A of the shaded

parallelogram in terms of X, Y and Z.
---x---

100'
TELEPHONE
POLE
6i 2. A telephone pole standing
next to a shed is struck by lightning
and breaks. It falls over, just touch- /
/ tx·
ing the edge of the shed.
Determine, with the dimensions
given in the diagram, the height
above the ground at which the pole
_ _L// /SHED ;t:j
breaks, so that it touches the 1~10·~1
ground and the shed. (NOTE: There
(NOTE: NOT TO SCALE)
are two correct answers.)
26
 ADVANCED Puzzu:s 27
B. BRIDGE

For those of you who participate in this most fascinating and demanding
of card games, the puzzles created by dividing the 52-card deck into four
equal hands are endless! Sometimes, of course, the greatest and most un-
fathomable puzzles at the bridge table are those created by the way in
which your partner plays his cards! The puzzles listed in this
section do not have the added complications of partners or opponents.
These are called "double dummy" problems, where the declarer (South)
must make the indicated bid against any defense. It is permissible for the
solver to see all 52 cards, as if the cards were lying face-up on the table.
The selected hands all entail "unusual" plays. Let your mind not
be blocked by obvious methods of play. More times than not, the obvi-
ous and logical leads you down the wrong path. So read on and .. .
enjoy! (Additional bridge puzzles may be found in my book A Full Deck
of Double Dummy Problems, published by OldCastle Publishing of
Escondido, California.)

+ 1. The Mississippi Hearts Hand (probably the most famous of all

double dummy problems).

NORTH

.
+ AQ2
<:;I A KQ J
0 Q J 10 9 8 7
-

WEST EAST
+ KJ 109 immaterial
5432
<:;I
0 -
• KQJ109

.SOUTH

<:;I
0
-
109876
AK
• A87654

The bid: Seven hearts South.

Opening lead: + K.
28 PtlzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REAsONING

2. Franklin Bridge Club, Philadelphia, 1933.

NORTH
• Q 106
\I 653
0 J 652
+ KQ7
WEST EAST
• J95 3 • 874
\I J82 \I 4
0 3 0 Ql098
+ AJ864 • 109532
SOUTH

.
+ AK2
\I AK Q 109 7
0 AK74
-
The bid: Six hearts South.
Opening lead: 0 3.

3. 1979 Fall North American Championships.

NORTH
• 8
\I AK932
0 J8652
• 97
WEST EAST
+ AQ92 + KJ107654
\I 65 \I 10
0 Q7 0 A43
• QJ862 • 104
SOUTH
• 3
\I QJ874
0 K 109
+ AK53

The bid: Five hearts South.

Opening lead: + A.
 ADVANCED Puzzu:s 29
4. Constructed.

NORTH
t AQ32
'7 -
0 AQ32
+ AQJ109
~ ~
• 10987 • J654
'7 2 '7 J943
0 J9 7 5 0 1086
• 8765 • 43
SOUTH
t K
'7 AKQ108765
0 K4
+ K2

The bid: Seven hearts South.

Opening lead: + 10.

5. Constructed.

NORTH
t A6
'7 A Q
0 AK92

~
t K43
'7 J 9
0 876
• QJ1097

.
EAST
-
'7 10876543
0 Q J 10
+ AK654 • 832
SOUTH

.
• QJ1098752
'7 K2
0 543
-
The bid: Six spades South.
Opening lead: + K.
30 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REAsoNINC

6. Constructed.

NORTH
• A62
\? A KQ
0 AK862

.
• Q3

WEST EAST
• QJ10974 -
\? Jl09 \? -
0 J9 0 Ql074
• 64 • A K J 10 9 8 7 5 2

SOUTH

The bid: Six hearts South.

.
• K853
\? 8765432
0 53 .
-

Opening lead: t Q.

7. The Vienna Coup.

NORTH
• J 10 3
\? AKQJ3
0 52
• 742

WEST EAST
• K6 • 987542
\? 109765 \? 8 4
0 J 10 8 0 K9
• 865 • J 10 9
SOUTH
• AQ
\? 2
0 AQ7643
+ AKQ3

The bid: Seven clubs South.

Opening lead: + 5.
 30 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REAsoNINC

6. Constructed.

NORTH
t A62
\? A KQ
0 AK862

WEST
•

0
QJ10974
\? J 10 9
J9
• Q3

.
EAST

\? -
-
0 Ql074
• 64 • AKJ1098752

SOUTH

.
t K853
\? 8765432
0 53 .
-
The bid: Six hearts South.
Opening lead: • Q.

7. The Vienna Coup.

NORTH
• J 10 3
\? AKQJ3
0 52
• 742

WEST EAST
t K6 • 987542
\? 109765 \? 8 4
0 J 10 8 0 K9
• 865 • J 10 9
SOUTH
t AQ
\? 2
0 AQ7643
• AKQ3

The bid: Seven clubs South.

Opening lead: + 5.

..
 ADVANCED PvzzLEs 31

8. Constructed.

NORTH

~
t K
.
t
~
¢
AJ765
KJ975
AJ 9
-
.MS'.[
• Q 10 9 8 4 3 2
~ Q 108 ~ -
¢ 876543 ¢ K
• K32

.
~
¢
•
SOUTH
-
A6432
Q 102
AJ765
• Q10984

The hid: Seven hearts South.

Opening lead: ¢ 8.

9. Constructed.

NORTH
• J9872
~ 52
¢ A83

~
• 654
~ QJ109874
¢ 9
• 106
• AK2

.
EAfil:
~
¢
•
-
63
Q J 1065 4
QJ984

SOUTH
t A KQ 103
~ AK
¢ K72
• 753

The hid: Six spades South.

Opening lead: ~ Q.
32 Puzzu:s AND GA.MES IN Loc1c AND REAsoNING

10. Constructed.

NORTH
• 5
vi 8 5
0 AK7
+ AK86542

WEST M[[
+ K 107 • 86432
vi 9 vi Q632
0 Ql083 0 62
• Q J 10 9 7 • 3

SOUTH

.
+ AQ J9
vi AKJ1074
0 954
-
The bid: Seven hearts South.
Opening lead: + Q.

11. Constructed.

NORTH
• 974
vi KJ987
0 653
• Q 10

~ &SI
• 3 • 10 8 6 5 2
vi 6 5 vi Q432
0 K72 0 A4
+ K976542 • 83

SOUTH
+ AKQJ
vi A 10
0 Q J 109 8
+ AJ

The bid: Three no trump South.

Opening lead: vi 6.
 ADVANCED Puzzl..ES 33

12. Constructed.

NORTH
• K6532
~ 109 7
¢ A6
• 543
WEST EAST
• QJ97 • A 104
I:? K62 ~ J854
¢ J10974 ¢ Q853
• 6 • K2
SOUTH
• 8
~ AQ3
¢ K2
• A Q J 109 8 7

The bid: Five clubs South.

Opening lead: 0 J.

13. Number 13 is indeed an unlucky number-for East. This hand

is not a double dummy problem. It simply illustrates how important dis-
tribution can be, how a Grand Slam can be made with only six high card
points and how 31 points do not necessarily a good double make!

NORTH
• 765432
~ 7653

.
¢ -
• 987
WEST EAST
- • KJ9
~ 10 9 84 2 ~ AKQJ
¢ QJ ¢ AK
• 10 6 5 4 3 2 • AKQJ
SOUTH

.t
¢
A Q 108
I:? -
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
-
The bid: Seven spades South, doubled (by East), and, of course, re-
doubled.
Opening lead: Anything (West).
34 Pvzzu:s AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND IlEAsoNING

14. Constructed.

NORTH
• A
~ AJ83
0 AQ73
• 9642

~ MSI
• Q J 10 • 98743
~ Q97642 ~ Kl05
0 - 0 J10 8 5
• Q 10 8 5 • J
SOUTH
t K652
~
0 K9642
• AK73

The bid: Six diamonds South.

Opening lead: • Q.

15. Constructed.
NORTH
t A97
~ Q 105
0 874
• 6432

~ EAST
• K653 • 2
~ 986 ~ 7432
0 Q 102 0 }9653
• 875 • Q J 10
SOUTH
• QJ1084
~ AKJ
0 AK
• AK9

The bid: Six spades South.

Opening Lead: ~ 9.
 ADVANCED PtlzzLES 35

C. MATHEMATICAL

1. You have four nines (9,9,9,9). Arrange them so they total 100. You
may use any arithmetical processes, but each nine may be used only once.

+ 2. How many nines are there between 1 and 100?

~ ~ 3. A man is riding a bicycle in the bicycle lane of a bridge that spans

a river from A to B. When he is 3/8 across the bridge from A, a truck ·
traveling in the game direction approaches the bridge at 60 m.p.h. If the
cyclist continues at his present speed, the truck will overtake him at B.
If he turns around and pedals at his present speed, the truck will pass
him at A. How fast is the cyclist traveling?

C:t 4. 10,000! ends in how many zeros?

i- 5. Less than half of the people at a costume party came without cos-
tumes. The attendees were girls, boys, men and women. There were 14
girls; 14 women; 10 girls in costumes; 8 women in costumes; 10 males in
costumes; 11 adults without costumes and 24 people without costumes.
How many people were at the party?

+ 6. 35 people per 1000 smoke. 80% of the smokers drink. 60% of non-
smokers drink. What is the percentage of drinkers who smoke?

C, 7. Two diagonally opposite comer squares of a chessboard (64

squares) are removed. Is it possible to cover the remainder of the chess-
board with rectangular strips two squares long and one square wide with-
out overlapping the strips?

·4 8. In the expression N = a2 - a+ 41, are there any values of a that

will not make N a prime number?

+- 9. Five cards are drawn from a pack of cards that have been num-
bered consecutively from 1 to 52 and shuffied. What is the probability
that the cards will be drawn in ascending numerical order?

t' 10. Four snails are at the comers of a 20-inch-square box. At time
0, each snail begins to glide toward the snail to his (or her) right at the
rate of 20 inches per hour. When all four snails meet in the center of the
box, how far will each snail have traveled? How far will each travel if they
glide at ten inches per hour?
 36 Puzzu:s AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND llEAsoNING

11. Using only mathematical signs and without changing their order,
make these integers into a valid equation: 2 3 4 9 1 5.

+ 12. Two numbers are formed by the same pair of digits in forward
and reverse order. The sum of the numbers is 33 times the difference
between the two digits, and the difference in the squares of the two num-
bers is 2673. What are the two digits?

+ 13. A, B and C represent three different digits. What is the mini-

mum possible value of a whole number ABC (not A ~ B X C) divided
by A + B + C? (The answer is greater than 1 and is not a whole num-
ber.)

~ 14. Bob is half as old as Al will be when Al is twice as old as Chuck

was ten years ago. Al is twice as old as Chuck was when Chuck was half
as old as Bob will be in twelve years. Bob is half as old as Chuck will be
when Chuck is three times as old as Al was 18 years ago. What are the
ages of the three?

41 15. A farmer wished to enclose a rectangular field with 600 yards of

fencing. What is the maximum area of field he could enclose using a
straight stream as one side of the field?

.+ 16. MAX PA= XXX. In this "loving" equation, the four different
letters represent four different digits. The solution is unique.

[: 17. A three-inch cube is to be cut into 27 one-inch cubes. What is

'lthe minimum number of cuts required to accomplish this task?

. 18. How many people (randomly picked) must there be in a room

9 before the odds of any two of them having the same birthday will be
greater than even?

~' 19. If twelve Texas longhorns eat the grass (which grows at a uni-
'!\ form rate on all the land) on 3-1/3 acres in four weeks, and 21 longhoms
eat the grass on ten acres in nine weeks, how many longhorns will it take
to eat all the grass on 24 acres in 18 weeks?

20. A husband and wife check~d their luggage for an airplane flight.
The husband found he had to pay $10 for excess weight, and his wife had
to pay $15. If only one of them had checked all the luggage, the excess
weight charge would have been $65. If the combined weight of the lug-
gage was 105 pounds, how much would each of the passengers been al-
lowed to check without charge?
 ADVANCED Puzzu:s 37

21. A miller took for his payment one-tenth of the flour that he
ground for his customers. How much flour did he grind for a customer
who received one bushel? (Be careful!)

-f. 22. Write down five odd digits that, when totaled, equal 14 .

..J. 23. Three chickens and one duck cost as much as two geese; three
geese, two ducks and one chicken cost $25. How much does each bird
cost?

-I 24. During summer vacation, nine boys and three girls decide to
share their pocket change with each other so that, after the exchange,
each will have the same amount. The boys each have the same amount
of money, and the girls have an equal but different amount. Each boy
gives the same amount to each girl, and each girl gives the same amount
to each boy. What is the smallest amount of money that each boy and
each girl could have had originally? How much did each give away?

25. What number comes next in the series 9, 12, 21, 48, _ _ ?

26. The owner of a sporting-goods store prices his goods in a strange

but logical way. He charges $20 for a volleyball, $16 for a baseball, $6
for a bat, $10 for a glove, $8 for a mitt and $18 for a slingshot. What is
the price of a pool cue?

-f 27. In the first two sets, the four numbers in each set are related to
one another through the use of a certain principle. Using the same prin-
ciple for the third set, for what number does the question mark stand?
1 3 3 2 2 4
3 12 1 5 3 ?

~ 28. A column of troops exactly one mile long begins marching down
a road at a fixed rate. At the command "Forward, march!" a man on a
motorcycle starts at the rear of the column and races down the road.
When he gets to the head of the column, he turns around (instanta-
neously) and speeds for the rear of the column. As he reaches the rear,
the last soldier passes the point where the first soldier in the column had
stood before the march began. How far did the cyclist travel?
 VII

CLUE AND DEDUCTION PUZZLES

The puzzles in this chapter, for most solvers, require pencil and paper
and, for some of the more intricate challenges, a check-off chart.
Generally, the reader will be given a list of clues and asked to deduce
from those clues the specific answer or answers. Only one answer or set
of answers will fit all the clues. The answers to each puzzle are given in
the answer section but the deduction trails are left to the solver. Good ·
luck! (answers begin on page 101).

1. Unrequited Love. Four men and four women are shipwrecked

on the proverbial desert island. Each falls in love with a member of the
opposite sex and each is loved by a member of the opposite sex, but, as
so often happens in life, not all loves are reciprocated. John falls in love
with a girl who is in love with Jim. Arthur loves a girl who loves the man
who loves Ellen. Mary is loved by the man who is loved by the girl who
is loved by Bruce. Gloria hates Bruce and is hated by the man who Hazel
loves. Who loves Arthur?

2. Baseball Team. Andy dislikes the catcher. Ed's sister is engaged

to the second baseman. The center fielder is taller than the right fielder.
Harry and the third baseman live in the same building. Paul and Allen
each won $20 from the pitcher at pinochle. Ed and the outfielders play
poker during their free time. The pitcher's wife is the third baseman's
sister. The pitcher, catcher and infielders except Allen, Harry and Andy
are shorter than Sam. Paul, Andy and the shortstop lost $50 each at the
racetrack. Paul, Harry and Bill and the catcher took a trouncing from the
second baseman at pool. Sam is now involved in a divorce suit. The
catcher and the third baseman each have three children. Ed, Paul, Jerry,
the right fielder and the center fielder are bachelors. The others are mar-
ried. The shortstop, the third baseman and Bill each won $100 betting
38
 CLUE AND DEDUCTION PuzzLES 39

on the fight. One of the outfielders is either Mike or Andy. Jerry is taller
than Bill, but Mike is shorter than Bill. Jerry and Mike are both heavier
than the third baseman. Who plays the various nine positions?

3. The Professionals. Henry, Bob, Maggie and Ann are a doctor,

lawyer, architect and draftsman, but not necessarily in that order. The
doctor, who is married, earns more than his wife, the architect. Ann has
never heard of the vanishing point in perspective drawing. Bob is a con-
firmed bachelor. What is each person's profession?

4. The Pool Players. In a recent pool tournament, Al beat Bob and

Carlos; Bob beat Doug, Ed and Carlos; Doug beat Al and Ed; Ed beat
Al and Carlos; and Carlos beat Doug. Rank the players according to their
winning ability.

4 5. Who Owns the Zebra? This was the classic clue logic puzzle that
"started it all." It's still one of the best.
a. There are five houses, each of a different color, inhabited by men
of different nationalities, each with different pets, drinks and cig-
arettes.
b. The Englishman lives in the red house.
c. The Spaniard owns the dog.
d. Coffee is drunk in the green house.
e. The Ukrainian drinks tea.
f. The green house is immediately to the right (looking from across
the street) of the ivory house.
g. The Old Gold smoker owns snails.
h. Kools are smoked in the yellow house.
i. Milk is drunk in the middle house.
j. The Norwegian lives in the first house on the left.
k. The man who smokes Chesterfields lives in the house next to the
man with the fox.
l. Kools are smoked in the house next to the house where the horse
is kept.
m. The Lucky Strike smoker drinks orange juice.
n. The Japanese smokes Parliaments.
o. The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
Who drinks water? Who owns the zebra?

6. The Good Sports. Jack, Judy, Ed and Patty are cooling off with
a hand of bridge after participating in their favorite sports. By using the
following information, determine in which sport each participated.
a. Jack sits directly across from the jogger.

--
40 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

b. Judy sits to the right of the racquetball player.

c. Patty sits across from Ed.
d. The golfer sits to the tennis player's left.
e. A man sits on Ed's right.

7. Playing Cards. Three playing cards lie in a row, face down.

a. The Diamond is right of the Jack.
b. The Club is left of the Diamond.
c. The Jack is right of the Heart.
d. The King is right of the Ace.
Determine the suit and position of the Jack, King and Ace.

8. The Four Balls. There are four balls in a child's toy closet. They
are all different sizes, weights and colors. Size is not necessarily propor-
tional to weight.
a. The child's favorite ball is yellow.
b. The red ball is twice as heavy as the largest ball.
c. The blue ball is smaller than the green ball.
d. The heaviest ball is the second smallest.
e. The smallest ball weighs four pounds.
f. The largest ball weighs five times as much as the green ball.
g. The two largest balls weigh half as much as the two smallest balls.
Find the color, size and weight of each of the four balls.

9. The Car Race. Five racing enthusiasts, an Englishman, an

American, an Italian, a German and a Japanese, decided to have a car
race. They drove, not necessarily in order, a Nissan, Volkswagen, Fiat,
Triumph and Chevy. Their cars were marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. From the
following clues, determine the order of finish, the number on each car
and which car belonged to which driver.
a. No driver's car was manufactured in his native country.
b. The Nissan finished somewhere behind the Fiat.
c. The Italian won the race.
d. Car number 3 was not first or second.
e. No car finished in a place corresponding to its number.
f. The driver of car number 3 had known the Fiat driver longest.
g. The driver who finished fourth has a mother-in-law bigger than
the American.
h. The Chevy finished last.
i. The driver of the number 2 car was older than the American, but
younger than the driver of the Volkswagen.
j. The American did not drive car number 4.
 CLUE AND DEDUCTION PuzzLEs 41

k. The Englishman finished ahead of the Fiat, the Chevy and the
number 1 car.

10. Holiday Weddings. New Year's Day, Valentine's Day,

Washington's Birthday, St. Patrick's Day and the Fourth of July are the
wedding days of the Peebles, May, Vance, Marmot and Palmquist cou-
ples. The men are Jack, Harry, Al, Ed and Dick. The women are Betty,
Judy, Carol, Lynn and Patty. From the following clues, determine the
couples and on which holiday they were married.
a. Harry and Dick were ushers in the Peebles wedding, while Judy
and Betty were bridesmaids.
b. Patty's husband went to college with Jack and Al.
c. The Peebles live between Carol and Lynn.
d. Ed was married on New Year's Day, while the Vances chose
Valentine's day for their wedding.
e. Jack was married two years before Carol and one year later than
the Mays and the couple who married on July 4th.
f. Mrs. Marmot, Judy and Betty were not married on Washington's
Birthday.
g. Neither Betty nor Lynn are married to Jack or Mr. Palmquist.
h. Neither Carol nor Mrs. Marmot were married on St. Patrick's Day.
i. Neither Al nor Harry are Mr. Palmquist.
j. Harry got married during his summer vacation.

11. The Lineup. There are ten men standing in line. By coinci-
dence, the tallest is in front and those behind get successively shorter.
From the following clues, determine their order in line.
a. Ed is taller than Ned.
b. Ned is taller than Red.
c. Red is taller than Ted.
d. Al is taller than Red, but shorter than Ned.
e. Ike is standing between Sal and Todd, who is shorter than Ed but
taller than Ike.
f. Van is standing between Ed and Ian, who is standing next to Todd.
g. There are seven men standing between Van and Ted.

12. The Train Trip. This was another of the early classics. On a
train, Smith, Robinson and Jones are the fireman, brakeman and engi-
neer, but NOT in that order. Also aboard the train are three business-
men who have the same names as the railroad employees, Mr. Smith,
Mr. Robinson and Mr. Jones.
a. Mr. Robinson lives in Detroit.
b. The brakeman lives halfway between Chicago and Detroit.
42 PuZZI..Es AND GAMES IN LoG1c AND REASONING

c. Mr. Jones earns exactly $20,000 per year.

d. The brakeman's nearest neighbor, one of the passengers, earns ex-
actly three times as much as the brakeman.
e. Smith beats the fireman at billiards.
f. The passenger whose name is the same as the brakeman's lives in
Chicago.
Who is the engineer?

13. Boys' Best Friends. Eric, Bernie, Bart, Sid and Ralph were
neighbors and got together for a party. They brought their dogs: a poo-
dle, a basset, a terrier, a spaniel and a collie. The dogs' names were:
Bowser, Rover, Fido, Snoopy and Spot. From the following clues, de-
termine the name and breed of each boy's dog.
a. No dog's name begins with the same letter as that of his master.
b. Rover is not Bart or Sid's dog.
c. Spot's master and the owner of the spaniel both have names be-
ginning with the same letter.
d. Neither Eric's nor Bernie's dog is the basset, nor is Snoopy.
e. Bart's dog and the collie are not named Spot or Snoopy.
f. Ralph's dog is not a terrier.

14. The Power Lunch. Six company presidents meet for lunch to
discuss their businesses. There are three men and three women seated
around a circular table, alternating sexes in the seating arrangement.
Their first names, in no particular order, are: Allen, Dorothy, Nancy, Bill,
Susan and Heniy. Their companies, not respectively, are: Avalon, Maxim,
Tyson, Westman, Glen and Diesel. Two of the companies posted profits
for the year, three had losses and one company managed to break even.
The products of the six companies are, at random: boilers, clothihg, print-
ing, sewing machines, computers and shipping. Two of the presidents are
married to each other. No other married couples are present at the lunch.
Using the following clues, match the first and last name of each presi-
dent with the company name, product and financial ranking.
a. Nancy Goldberg is worried. She needs to find enough money for
a new printing press.
b. The clothing company outperformed only Susan's company and
one other. Its new line of feathered bikinis isn't selling.
c. Bill Blank, sitting opposite Avalon's president, is enjoying the
lunch, knowing his company has had a profitable year.
d. Ms. Brooks is married to President Stein and is holding hands with
him under the table.
e. The Glen president is gazing lovingly at his wife, who is seated on
his left.
 CLUE AND DEDUCTION Puzzl.ES 43

f. Allen's company lost the most money, largely because he is a bach-

elor playboy whose main endeavor is dating gorgeous blondes.
g. Dorothy is the president of Maxim.
h. President Jones is sitting between the presidents whose compa-
nies did the best and worst financially.
i. Diesel, which owns two shipping lines, did not perform as well as
Henry's company.
j. The sewing machine company president, whose company did not
finish last, is sitting opposite the Tyson president, whose company
broke even.
k. Susan is sitting next to the boiler maker.

15. The Partygoers. Abbie, Blanche, Cecelia, Dottie, Eve, Frances,

Gloria, Helen, Isabel and Julie are invited to a party. However, Abbie
won't go if Julie and Isabel are there; Blanche wouldn't be caught dead
at a party where Cecelia and Eve were; Cecelia can't stand Blanche or
Helen; Dottie hates Eve and Julie; Frances gags when Gloria and Isabel
are around; Gloria thinks both Frances and Helen are jerks; Helen gets
along with all the girls but Gloria and Cecelia; Isabel has had a falling
out with Frances and Abbie; and Julie refuses to be in the same room
with Cecelia and Dottie. Assuming that all of the girls who showed up
for the party were compatible with each other, what is the greatest num-
ber of girls who could come to the party and which ones were they?
 VIII

WORD PUZZLES AND GAMES

A. PUZZLES
The English language provides endless opportunities for creating fasci-
nating (and sometimes educational) puzzles. I think the reader will find
the assortment offered here both fun and challenging. (answers begin on
page 102).
T 1. What four letters can be arranged so that four different common
words can be created, each beginning with a different letter? No S al-
lowed! As far as I know, the four letters that meet this requirement are
unique.

2. How many three-letter combinations can you find, each of which

can be rearranged to form three words each beginning with a different
letter, as in (1) above? Again, S is not allowed.

3. What nine-letter word has only one vowel? Not a trick question-
eight of the letters are consonants!

4. What five-letter word uses only two different letters?

5. What is the next letter in the series OTTFFSSE_?

6. What is the next letter in the series MVEMJSUN _?

7. What word has three Ys?

8. How many words can you think of that do not have a rhyme?

44
 WORD PuzzLES AND GAMES 45
9. Punctuate this sentence so it makes sense and uses proper English:
"John while James had had had had had had had had had had had a bet-
ter effect on the teacher."

10. What do the following words have in common: deft, first, calm-
ness, canopy, laughing, stupid, crabcake, hijack?

11. What common word uses all five vowels in alphabetical se-
quence?

12. What word has three sets of double letters in a row?

13. How many words can you think of that use NCR, in that order?

14. Homonymania. The riddles listed below can be solved by sup-

plying two or more words that sound the same but which are spelled dif-
ferently and have different meanings. Example: feet and feat.
a. What we would do if we found unwanted wild plants spoiling our
garden:------------
b. A tired, reddish vegetable is a - - - - - - - - - - - -
c. An evening salutation when leaving a soldier in shining armor:

d. A social insect's mother's sister: - - - - - - - - - - - -

e. Groups of sailors on an ocean pleasure trip: - - - - - - -

f. A group of musicians forbidden to perform: - - - - - - -

g. A strange and weird street with many shops could be called a

h. If they are not here, where are they? - - - - - - -

i. A bucket covered with whitewash is a - - - - - - -

j. What coins can detect o d o r s ? - - - - - - - - - - -

k. If the Devil is completely sinful, then an angel must be

46 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LoclC AND REASONING

L Four couples went out to dinner. Therefore, - - - - - - -

m. Removing the skin from two yellowish pulpy fruit is to

_ _ _ _ _ a ______ - - - - - -
n. A very small mortgage is a - - - - - - - - - - - -
o. If Ms. Arthur were a social insect instead of an actress, she'd

p. A lamp made from a popular beer can is a - - - - - - -

q. Leonard's magnifying glass: - - - - - - - - - -

r. At the joyous Queen of Scots' wedding, the spectators watched a

s. When the Wind in the Willows hero's beloved automobile broke

down, his f r i e n d s - - - - - - - - - - - -
t. When San Francisco's toughest cop didn't shave for two weeks,
he was a v e r y - - - - - - - - - - - -
u. When Arthur extracted Excalibur from the stone, he was so happy
he threw it high in the air. The spectators watched in awe as the

v. When the prehistoric reptile got angry, he was a _ _ _ _ __

w. Robin Hood was such a good archer because Marion fabricated

all of her . They were all

x. The sheep disguised herself as a tree and crept quietly toward her
mate. Startled, the Ram turned around and exclaimed, "Is that
______ ?"
y. The starving lion, having just finished eating a large and juicy an-
telope, knelt down to give thanks and exalt its maker. Even the
animal which - - - - - -
z. Caesar, wandering across an Alpine glacier, said, "This is nice ice."
The had just made a

15. Name at least eight articles beginning with the letter "s" that are
worn on the feet.
 WORD Pvzzu:s AND GAMES 47
16. By connecting the following set of 24 letters hori7.0ntally, verti-
cally or diagonally, find a continuous path that spells out a common say-
ing. No letter can be used more than once.

A F 0 0 s y

D 0 N A T E

N H 0 p R N

A L I s M 0

17. Animal Lore.

A. Groups of animals and birds have specific names. Example: a herd

of buffalo. What is the correct group name for the following species?

a. crows q. toads gg. coot

b. cats r. apes hh. swallows
c. leopards s. owls ti. teal
d. bears t. kangaroos jj. wildfowl
e. turkeys u. geese kk. rooks
f. jellyfish v. lions 11. starlings
g. foxes w. nightingales mm. plovers
h. moles x. peacocks nn. woodcock
i. chickens y. larks 00. pheasants
j. rhinoceroses z. whales PP· swans
k. ducks aa. widgeon qq. quail
I. herons bb. murres rr. snipe
m. colts cc. partridge SS. sparrows
n. hogs dd. lapwings tt. hawks
o. finches ee. flying geese uu. fish
P· goats ff. mallards w. flamingos

+ B. Give the name of the male of the following species:

a. Cattle c. Goose e. Duck g. Horse i. Cat

b. Chicken d. Deer f. Pig h. Goat j. Sheep
 48 PuZZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

C. Give the name of the female of the following species:

a. Tiger c. Horse e. Deer g. Cattle i. Dog
b. Sheep d. Fox f. Chicken h. Pig j. Goat

1 D. Give the name of the young of the following species:

a. Bear f. Chicken k. Goose P· Fish
b. Sheep g. Horse I. Pigeon q. Seal
c. Duck h. Elephant m. Pig r. Whale
d. Frog i. Deer n. Goat s. Lion
e. Swan j. Cat o. Kangaroo t. Beaver

E. Give the term for the sound made by the following species:
a. Lion f. Wolf k. Hen P· Owl
b. Pig g. Crow I. Rooster q. Cat
c. Sheep h. Snake m. Frog r. Seal
d. Cattle i. Donkey n. Dove s. Horse
e. Duck j. Wild Goose o. Elephant t. Eagle

18. What word does c signify?

1111111111

19. How many three-letter combinations can you think of that each
form five legitimate words by keeping the first and third letters constant
and inserting each of the five vowels in the middle? No proper nouns or
non-English words allowed.

20. Punctuate the following sentence so it makes sense: Whatever is

is whatever is not is not is not that so

21. Punctuate the following sentence so that it makes a correct state-

ment: Moses is the daughter of Pharaoh's son.

22. Plurals. Give the proper spelling for the plural form of the fol-
lowing words:
folio deer alumnus soliloquy
son-in-law lasso calf madame
talisman analysis money crisis
motto Ottoman alumna man-clerk
court-martial reply spoonful virtuoso
 WORD PuzzLEs AND GAMES 49

-f 23. Kangaroo Words. A kangaroo word carries within its spelling a

smaller word (with the letters in normal order) that is a synonym for it-
self. Example: blossoms contains the word blooms. See how many "joeys"
you can find in the following list.
a. evacuate e. rapscallion i. rampage m. joviality
b. encourage f. indolent j. matches n. container
c. prosecute g. prattle k. perambulate o. regulates
d. calumnies h. diversified I. pinioned P· chariot
24. Twisters. Twisters are different words that are composed of the
same letters. The definitions below will help you to come up with the cor-
rect anagrams, one different word per definition. There is no restriction
on the length of the anagram, but most are four- and five-letter words.
a. 1. Airplane maneuvers
2. Single-masted sailboat
3. Small bodies of water
4. Cylinder for thread
b. 1. Imminent peril
2. Plot for flowers
3. Male goose
4. Moved within certain limits
c. 1. Ornamental tuft
2. Grows old
3. Purloins
4. Lists of candidates
d. 1. Expression of sorrow
2. Ledge above a fireplace
3. A long cape
4. Of the mind
e. 1. Look fixedly
2. Eye moisture
3. Gross weight deductions
4. Prices
5. Used a chair again
f. 1. Romantic couple (slang)
2. Small blood-sucker
3. Measured by clocks
4. Give forth
g. 1. Prayer ending
2. Appellation
3. Horse's neck hair
50 Puzu.Es AND GAMES IN LoGic AND llEAsoNING

h. 1. Pond
2. Game on horses
3. Doubling of rope
i. 1. Uttered an expletive
2. Spreader of seeds
3. Debtors
4. Less good
j. 1. Animal home
2. Long-legged bird
3. Fibber
4. Seed cover
k. l. Poisonous snakes
2. Totals again
3. Fears
4. More sorrowful
I. l. Quarterback
2. Not dense
3. Throwing weapons
4. Bowling terms
m. 1. Kind of cheese
2. Woman (slang)
3. Old English beverage
4. Manufactured
n. 1. Domestic birds
2. Movement of liquid
3. Wild canine
o. l. . A challenge
2. Beloved
3. Peruse
p. 1. Having a bad leg
2. A sex
3. Repast
q. l. Jump
2. Bell sound
3. Lacking color
r. l. Land measure
2. Speed contest
3. Concern for
s. 1. Chair or bench
2. The Orient
3. S~tisfy an appetite
 WORD PuZZLES AND GAMES 51

t. l. Lower in volume
2. Thickly wooded area
3. Temporary home
4. Talents
u. l. Fail to keep
2. Flat fish
3. Type of gin
4. Those born in late July
v. l. To impale
2. Yellowish fruit
3. Ravages
4. Harvests
5. Those who mimic
. 6. Peels
7. Extra
8. Analyze a sentence
w. l. Domesticated
2. Group of players
3. Animal flesh
4. Spouse
x. l. Upper limb
2. Football player from St. Louis
3. Deface
Y· l. Heavenly body
2. Rodents
3. Sailors
4. Aesthetic endeavors
z. l. To reform writing
2. Special food regime
3. Cyclical ocean changes
aa. l. To possess
2. Was victorious
3. The present
bb. l. Afternoon social activity
2. Dine
3. Dined

25. A man came home one afternoon and found a note from his wife
lying on the floor. It had been inadvertently tom into four pieces. Can
you put the following four pieces together to find the wife's message?
IOOO LMMO LEEN WCHS
 52 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LoGIC AND REAsONING

26. What are the next three letters in the series:

BAD CEF DIG FOH _ ?

+ 27. How many words can you think of that begin and end in the same
two letters? The letters at the beginning and ending of each word must
be in the same order.

B. GAMES

There are a number of games that can provide hours of entertainment

for any number of players. Some are best suited for two players; others
are suited for groups. My favorites are listed below.

1. Jotto
This is a great two-player game, because it combines a knowledge of the
language with logic. Its possibilities are endless.
Each player selects a five-letter word which the other player should
know. This is important, as veiy rare or archaic words make the end game
tedious. On a blank piece of paper, the players write their selected words
down and underline them. In a column to the right of the selected word,
they write down the five-letter words given to the other player, and un-
derneath the selected word, they write the words given to them. To the
right of the words in each column, a notation is made as to how many let-
ters in the word given is in the word selected. The players give words back
and forth until one player guesses the word the other player has selected.
The player who goes second shall always have the last guess, so ties are
possible. If a word has one letter used more than once, the word given
must have that letter given more than once to be credited. Many words
are made up of five letters which can spell more than one word. The ex-
act selected word must be guessed to win. A game example follows:

PLAYER A PLAYER B
Great Holly
--
Sport-2 Hymns-2 Hymns-2 Sport-2
Sores-2 Sneer-0 Sneer-0 Sores-2
Grasp-3 Happy-2 Happy-2 Grasp-3
Grape-4 Chill--3 Chill--3 Grape-4
Grave-4 Halls--3 Halls--3 Grave-4
Grate-5 Holly--5 Holly--5 Grate--5

Player A begins by giving Player B the word "Hymns" which has two of
the letters in Player B's word. Player B's first word "Sport" nets two from
Player A's word. When Player A gets a zero for "Sneer,'' he knows, from
 WORD Puzzl.Es AND GAMES 53

"Hymns" that two of the letters must be either h, y or m. "Happy" would

indicate that those two letters are handy. "Chill" tends to confirm the h,
with two more letters found. "Halls" points toward those two letters as be-
ing a double l. Player A now thinks of a word with h, y, l, I. "Holly" comes
to mind, as the "o" hasn't been tried yet, and voila, that's B's word! Note:
a word with a double l had to be given to get credit for both l's in B's word.
Player B did pretty well, but chose the wrong combination of letters for
his last try. If he had tried "Great," the game would have been a tie.

2. Categories
This is a fun game for two or more. Each player should be provided with
a pencil and a large sheet of paper. The letters of the alphabet are writ-
ten on separate pieces of paper. I suggest omitting the Q and X. Five cat-
egories are chosen by the players and written down across the sheet of
paper. Then five letters are drawn from the shuffied stack of letters and
are written in a column on .the left of the paper, as shown in the exam-
ple. A time limit is given (generally five minutes), and the players begin
to ftll in the chart with words that fit the categories beginning with the
letter chosen. Whoever fills in the most correct answers in the allotted
time is the winner of the round. The player with the most points at the
end of a predetermined number of rounds is the overall winner. Disputes
as to whether an answer is correct are resolved by a vote of the players.
Example:

RIVERS CIGAREITES BIRDS CARS FLOWERS

A Allegheny American(l) Ani(2) Audi Aster

D Danube Doral Dove De Soto Dandelion
0 Ohio Old Gold Osprey Oldsmobile Orchid
R Rhine Raleigh Robin Riviera(3) Rose
w West(4) Winston Warbler Willys Wisteria

(1) This is a brand, not a generic source, so is acceptable. "Turkish" (for

a "T' category) would be unacceptable.
(2) Though not common, this designation, a type of cuckoo, is ok.
(3) Models (a Riviera is a Buick) are okay, if the group agrees before-
hand.
(4) Unacceptable. The East river would be okay.

3. Dictionary or Fictionary
This is a delightful game that must be played with at least four people.
Each player is given a pencil and a stack of small (about four-inch-square)
pieces of paper. One player starts by looking through a dictionary and
finding a word that (he hopes) nobody knows. He reads the word to the
54 PuZZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

group and tells what part of speech it is (noun, verb or adjective). Each
player writes a definition for the word (it is important that the definition
sounds like a dictionary definition), folds his paper in half and hands it
to the word selector, who has written the real definition on one of his
pieces of paper. The selector then shuffies the papers and reads the
definitions to the group. The definitions may be reread, on request, in
the same order as the original reading. On the count of three, each player
holds up the number of fingers corresponding to the definition he thinks
is correct. The selector, obviously, does not vote. The scorekeeper records
the voting. Points are awarded as follows: The selector gets one point for
each vote that was not for the correct definition. The other players get a
point if they voted for the correct definition and a point for every vote
that was for their definition.
The first player to reach eleven points wins, or the player with the most
points after two complete rounds wins, whichever the group decides.
When the first voting is properly recorded and points awarded, the dic-
tionary is passed to the player on the first selector's left, and the game
continues. It is important that the papers are the same size and folded
(including the selector's) so that the players cannot tell whose paper is
whose. It is also important that the selector reads all the definitions to
himself before reading them out loud so as not to stumble or give other
indication that he is not familiar with what is written. All definitions
should be read clearly and with no facial expressions so that the voters
will not get a clue as to the correct definition.
Example: Selector's (Player A) word: amarelle (noun; "A cultivated va-
riety of sour cherry")
Player B-"A South African antelope."
Player C-"A French wine popular in the 19th century."
Player D-"A strain of protozoa found in tributaries of the Amazon
River."
Player E-"A seasoning produced in various islands of the Caribbean."
The definitions are read (for example) in the following order: B, D, E,
A, C. Two players vote for 1 (B), one player votes for 3 (E), and one
player (Player E) votes for 4 (A). Remember, the selector ckJes not vote.
Points are awarded as follows:
Player A (selector)-3 points (three incorrect votes)
Player B-2 points (two votes for his definition)
Player C-0
Player D-0
Player E-2 (voted for correct definition, and received one vote for his
definition)
 WORD PuZZI.Es AND GAMES 55

(NOTE: In the rare instance where a player knows the correct definition
of the word selected, he still should write an tnco~ct definition so as to
gamer as many votes from the other players as possible. If he writes the
correct definition, the other players will hear two definitions that are sim-
ilar, and know that one of them must be correct, thus limiting the vot-
ing to those two.)

4. Grandmother's Trunk
This is a great game to play at a party or in a car on those long trips. It
requires a good memory, but some people with poor memories do amaz-
ingly well at this game. It can be played by two or more, but it is best
with at least four players.
The first player starts the game by saying, "I packed my Grandmother's
trunk and in it I put ..." and then picks any object of his choosing. The
next player then recites the first part, including the object supplied by
the first player, and adds an object of his own. The game continues
through all the players in order (the frrst player follows the last player)
until one of the players makes a mistake by giving the objects in the wrong
order or leaving an object out. That player is then eliminated from the
game. The next player in order must then give the correct recitation,
adding an object. The objects added by eliminated players are still in-
cluded in the recitations. The game continues until only one player is
left, and he, of course, is the winner.
Example:
Player 1: "I packed my grandmother's trunk and in it I put an icepick."
Player 2: "I packed my grandmother's trunk and in it I put an icepick
and a curling iron."
Player 3: "I packed my grandmother's trunk and in it I put an icepick,
a curling iron and a bale of hay."
Player 4: "I packed my grandmother's trunk and in it I put an icepick,
a curling iron, a bale of hay and a pink zebra."
Player 1 (if there are only four players): "I packed my grandmother's
trunk and in it I put an icepick, a curling iron, a bale of hay,
a pink zebra and a pair of brown moccasins."
Player 2: "I packed my grandmother's trunk and in it I put an icepick,
a bale of hay, a pink zebra ...."
(Player 2 is now eliminated because he forgot the curling iron, and the
game continues with Player 3.)
It is amazing how many items people can remember. It is not unusual to
have a winner who can remember over thirty items in the correct order!

L
 IX

DETECTOPUZZLES

Detectopuzzles are delightful little stories, usually with heinous crimes

as plots, that have basic (sometimes very small, but definite) flaws. You,
through the eyes of our hero, Harry Marmot, must find the flaws and
solve the mysteries. Read carefully, look closely, and enjoy (answers be-
gin on page 106).

Harry Marmot is a private eye, based in San Francisco. To supplement

his erratic income (wispy blondes aren't always in trouble, he sighs), he
sometimes teaches classes in criminology at the local college. He chal-
lenges his students to hone their powers of observation and listening by
using his "detectopuzzle" method. See if you can match wits with Harry
in the following scenarios, find the flaws and solve the mysteries.

1. The Ex-Wife Shooting

Vance rushed into the hospital waiting room, spied the uniformed po-
liceman talking with a nurse, and exclaimed, 'Who shot her?" Vance's ex-
wife had been admitted to the hospital within the hour with a bullet
wound in her head.
"You're Mr. Vance, I presume," answered the policeman. When Vance
nodded, the policeman continued, "I have a few questions I'd like you to
answer. All routine, of course. You've been divorced from your wife for
six months but have been living in the same house with her, is that right?"
"Yes," replied Vance. 'With the divorce settlement, I couldn't afford
to move out until the house was sold, and it hasn't yet."
"Have you had any trouble with your ex-wife recently?"
"Yes. She'.s been very depressed lately. Yesterday, just before I left for
a business trip, she threatened suicide. I had to grab the sleeping pills
out of her hand. However, when I left last night to go to San Diego, she

56
 DETECTOPUZZLES 57
made no objections. When I got back to my office this afternoon, I called
home, and my next-door neighbor answered."
"What exactly did she say?" asked the policeman.
"She said, 'Mr. Vance, they just took your wife to the hospital about a
half-hour ago. She's in pretty bad shape. You'd better get over there im-
mediately.' My neighbor was pretty upset and crying, and I couldn't get
anything else out of her. I came straight here. Can I see her?"
"The nurse will take you to her," the policeman replied.
"This is a strange case," the policeman said to Marmot, who was stand-
ing nearby. "Living together after a divorce! I'll never understand some
people."
"It is strange indeed," Harry mused. "But you'd better hold Vance for
further questioning. If he didn't shoot his ex-wife, he surely knows who
did."
Why did Marmot ask the policeman to detain Vance?

2. San Francisco Fog

"Okay,'' Harry told his criminology class one evening, 'Tm going to tell
you a little story. Listen carefully, for there is a flaw in the story."
"I was walking the streets of San Francisco one night, and the fog was
so thick you could cut it with a knife! I could hardly see two feet in front
of me. I know the city pretty well, but soon I became hopelessly lost. I
must have wandered about for a half hour or so with the fog thick as ever.
Suddenly, when I got to the middle of a block, I heard a pistol shot ring
out. I walked in the direction from which the sound seemed to have come,
and presently found myself at a comer where a small crowd was huddled
around a prostrate figure in the street.
"A policeman soon arrived, and I turned to leave when someone
shouted, 'There he goes!'
"As a figure dashed by me, not a foot away, I tripped him, and after a
short struggle, the policeman slipped the handcuffs on him.
"Now, I know you're all brilliant, so you should easily be able to tell
me the one thing that is in error in this story."
What was it?

3. There's Always a Clue

"Even the smartest criminal leaves clues," Harry told his class. "Here's
a good illustration.''
"Not too long ago, I was in Walnut Creek, a pretty little bedroom com-
munity east of Oakland. The local police had asked me to assist them in
a puzzling affair.
58 PUZZLES AND GAMES IN Lome AND REASONING

"A local politician had been brutally murdered, and the evidence pointed
to an illiterate underworld character who had been accused of sending the
following note, found in the pocket of the murdered man's coat:
"mister mayer, when i last seen you i sed i ment bizness. i will kill
you :f the muny aint here by wensday; all of it. i meen it!
"yurs truley,
"XX
'When the police chief asked my opinion, I told him the writer of the
note, and therefore probably the murderer, was obviously an educated
man. After explaining why I was sure of that, he agreed with me. The in-
vestigation proceeded in a different direction and the murderer was
caught and a confession obtained. As I suspected, he was an intelligent,
well-educated man."
How did Harry know the writer of the note was an educated man?

4. The Easy Combination

Harry was present when the police were questioning a suspect in a re-
cent Market Street robbery.
"I was working late, putting the finishing touches to an advertising cam-
paign," said Peebles. "About 10:15, I heard the outer office door open.
Being unarmed, I quickly turned out the lights in my office and waited
breathlessly, as there was a large sum of money in the office safe. I knew
I could not attract attention for help from my tenth-floor office, so I qui-
etly lifted the receiver of the telephone, dialed the police station and told
them to send help immediately. I then tiptoed to the open safe, shut the
door quietly and twirled the combination knob to lock it. I then crawled
behind my big desk and waited for the police to arrive.
"Just as I got behind the desk, the robber, who was wearing a mask,
entered my office, flashed his light around the room and went to the safe.
He had it open in less than a minute, took the money and left. That's all
I know, except he must have known the combination to get the safe open
so quickly."
'What time is it now, Mr. Peebles?" Harry asked.
'Why, I don't know. I don't have a watch."
"Then how did you know the robber entered the outer office at 10: 15?"
"I had gone for a sandwich at the snack shop on the first floor. It was
just after 10:00 when I left. I had been back in the office about five min-
utes when the robber came in."
"You said the robber was masked," continued Harry. "How did you
know that?"
"As he put down the flashlight to open the safe, the beam shined on
his face," answered Peebles with some irritation.
 DETECTOPUZZLES 59

"Very interesting story, Mr. Peebles," said Harry, "but you'll have to
practice your lying if you want to be convincing! Sergeant," Harry con-
tinued as he turned to the policeman, "this man is obviously guilty of
grand theft. I recommend you book him immediately."
How did Harry know Peebles was lying?

5. The Suicide Murder

Harry had been called by the Oakland police to the scene of an ap-
parent suicide. The police were questioning the murdered man's secre-
tary.
"When I came back from lunch, I called Mr. Skube on the office in-
tercom," said Miss Chase. "When I got no answer, I noticed the door to
his office was ajar, so I went in to see if he had his intercom turned off.
I found him seated at his desk, with his head lying in a pool of blood on
the desktop." Miss Chase began to cry softly. "When I saw he was dead,
I called the police and remained here until you came," she sobbed.
"Did you touch anything?" asked Harry.
"No sir, nothing."
"You're absolutely sure?"
"Yes, sir."
Harry made a careful examination of the scene of the tragedy. Skube's
head was lying on a blood-stained letter that he had apparently been writ-
ing at the time he was shot. At the bottom of the letter, Harry found a
short note, scrawled by the deceased: "B.W. did thi .... " Further ex-
amination of the desktop disclosed several kinds of writing paper, a pen
tray holding the recently used pen, envelopes, stamps, in and out baskets
containing letters and bills, and an unused ashtray. The intercom box,
with switch on, was on the desk next to the telephone. The gun, which
ballistics would later show fired the fatal shot, lay on the desk clutched
in Skube's right hand.
'Well," mused Harry, "This 'B.W.' must not have seen the note Skube
wrote on the bottom of the letter when Skube realized he was about to
be murdered. His head covered it up. And murder it surely is, not sui-
cide. Though Skube could have shot himself, the murderer made another
mistake that confirms a definite act of foul play."
What did Harry find, other than the message, that confirmed Skube had
been murdered?

6. Murder in the Study

Harry was telling his class about an interesting murder case in which
he had been recently involved:
"The facts in the case were simple," Harry said. "Hadley was a noto-
60 Puzzu:s AND GAMES IN l.oGIC AND REAsONINC

rious gambler and ladies' man, and there were many people who wanted
him out of the way. One night, his body was found in his study, with a
letter opener placed neatly between his shoulder blades. His study
opened onto the end of a long corridor, onto which opened four bed-
rooms. At the other end of the corridor was a staircase that led up to the
housekeeper's quarters and down to the kitchen.
"Bitsy Beck, a houseguest of Mr. Hadley on the night of the murder,
was questioned, and although she appeared very ·nervous, said she was
asleep in her room at the time of the murder.
"Maude, the housekeeper, testified that, as she was coming down the
stairs leading from her room, she saw Bitsy, wearing her expensive emer-
ald pendant and dressed in a filmy black negligee, walk down the lighted
corridor and enter Hadley's study. Shocked at what she had seen, she
fled back up the stairs to her room. When asked about her unusual pres-
ence in the corridor at that time of night, she said she was on her way to
the kitchen for a snack.
'While Miss Beck's reputation was not above reproach, I knew with-
out further investigation that Maude's testimony was maliciously false."
How did Marmot know Maude was trying to incriminate Bitsy?

7. Murder at the Yacht Club

Marmot was talking to the San Francisco Police Chief after the noted
yachtsman Bloore had been arrested for murder.
"I wasn't initially suspicious of Bloore," Harry said, "when I questioned
him concerning the murder of a fellow yacht-club member. I asked him
what he had been doing the previous afternoon about 4:00 P.M., the ap-
proximate time of the murder. He told me the following:
" 'It was a beautiful morning yesterday, so I took my sailboat out of the
bay and headed for the Farallon Islands. I was heading back about three
o'clock, when the wind died down completely and I was still some 15
miles out. I decided to sail back in under diesel power. Try as I might, I
could not get the engine started, and I began to drift. I knew that unless
I attracted help soon, I would be in real trouble. I remembered that the
international distress signal was the flag flying upside down, so I hoisted
it to the top of the mast, hoping a passing ship would notice it. In about
an hour, the captain of the steamer Lercara saw my signal through his
binoculars, came alongside and took my boat under tow. As I had an im-
portant appointment that evening, the captain of the steamer was nice
enough to run me ashore in his launch, and I told him I would retrieve
my boat the next day at his dock space. When I came to the docks this
morning to make arrangements to get my boat back to the yacht club, I
learned that the Lercara had mysteriously exploded when it entered the
bay, and had sunk with all hands lost!'
 DETECTOPUZZLES 61

"I had heard of the Lercara tragedy," remarked Harry, "but after hear-
ing ~loore's story, I recommended to you that he be arrested for mur-
der.
What was wrong with Bloore's alibi?

8. Murder on the Merry-Go-Round

Harry and his latest girlfriend, Rhonda, were strolling in the park on
a pleasant afternoon when they noticed a crowd gathering at the merry-
go-round. Walking over, they found the ticket-taker bending over the
body of a young woman lying on the seat of a chariot. Harry moved
through the crowd and asked the ticket-taker what had happened.
"The ride was almost finished an' I was walkin' among the customers
collectin' tickets when I seen her sittin' in the middle of the chariot with
that terrible look on her face. I asked her for her ticket an' she didn't an-
swer. When I shook her, she slumped across the seat like you see her."
Harry examined the body, and found she had been stabbed in the heart,
and had died instantly.
"Did you see anyone with her?" Harry asked the ticket-taker.
"Yes, sir," he answered. "She'd ridden a couple times before, and I
seen the man that rode with her. He jumped off just before I got to her.
Just happened to see him." He then gave Marmot a detailed description
of the man.
"It seems strange that you can offer such a good description of the
woman's companion when you 'just happened to see him,' "Harry mused.
"Does the merry-go-round ever make you di2zy?"
"No, sir, I'm used to it."
Harry then turned to Rhonda, who was standing nearby. "Go find a
policeman while I make sure this guy doesn't get any ideas about leav-
ing. I think we have our murderer here."
Why was Harry justified in holding the ticket-taker?

9. The Test
One evening at the college, Harry surprised his class with a three-part
quiz. The class was asked to read each set of circumstances carefully, then
answer the question at the end of each. How would you have done on
this test?
A. PALMER'S STORY: He was coming home late one night from a party
down the block. His wife had remained behind to help the hostess clean
up. As he walked into his driveway, he saw a man climb a rope ladder to
his bedroom window, open the window and disappear inside. The rain
that had been present all day had stopped about sunset. Palmer's knee
62 PUZZLES AND GAMES IN l..oGIC AND REASONING

was still in a brace from a skiing accident some weeks before. He hob-
bled as best he could to his locked house, made his way to the library to
get his automatic pistol, and quietly called the police. He then made his
way quietly up the stairs to his bedroom. He found that the intruder had
left with some valuable jewelry his wife kept in her dresser drawer. The
window was still open, there were indistinct footprints on the sill, dried
mud on the rug, and a woman's two-carat diamond ring lying on the rug
under the windowsill to which the rope ladder was firmly attached. The
wind had come up and was blowing the curtains around the open win-
dow.
From this information, explain how the robbery was obviously faked.

B. NURSE GREEN'S STORY: "I was alone with the Madam in her bed-
room. All at once, she became quite angry for no apparent reason. She
ripped off all her clothes, leaving them in a heap on the bed. She then
grabbed a steak knife from the dinner tray and slashed her throat before
I could stop her. She fell on the bed with the bloody knife falling from
her fingers onto the floor. I touched nothing until the police came."
The police investigation showed bloodstains on Madam's dress on top
of the pile of clothing, and a small bruise on her left temple. The labo-
ratory tests showed that the blood on the dress and the knife was defi-
nitely Madam's, and that the bruise was not a recent one.
Why did the police arrest Nurse Green for murder?

C. Wealthy San Francisco attorney Bill Melvin was found shot

through the heart. Three men were known to have visited him separately
on the evening of the murder: Albert Adams, Bart Bertram and Charlie
Cheney. One was a drug dealer, one a blackmailer and one the murderer,
but not respectively. Adams confessed to blackmailing Melvin.
Who was the murderer and how do you know?

10. Fire Insurance

"Sometimes," Harry was telling his class, "it's not so much what you
find at the scene of a crime, but what you don't find that will lead you
to the proper conclusions. For example, I was recently investigating a
case in the garment district. A manufacturer of men's suits had submit-
ted a claim for the fire destruction of over 1,000 suits. The insurance
company, suspecting fraud, asked me to look into the matter. I carefully
examined the room where the fire took place. The charred remains of a
large quantity of various types of suit materials were everywhere, still
smoldering. The owner had stated that the windows of the room were
closed at the time of the fire, but the skylight had been open about three
 DETECTOPUZZLES 63

inches. There was soot covering all the walls. There was no evidence of
any incendiary devices in the debris. However, it was what I didn't find
that led me to the conclusion that the fire was intentional, and that the
claim for 1,000 completed suits was fraudulent."
What had Harry failed to find in the room that led him to that conclu-
sion?

11. The Halloween Murder

Harry and his latest flame, Gloria, were having dinner at a restaurant
in Palo Alto one Halloween night. Six college students from the nearby
university came in dressed in costume, and were ushered into a small pri-
vate dining room. The men were dressed as Friar Tuck, Robin Hood and
Batman; the women as Queen Elizabeth I, Martha Washington and a
belly dancer. After about thirty minutes, a shriek emanated from the small
dining room, and five of the six costumed diners fled into the night.
Harry was the first one into the room where he found the belly dancer
slumped over the table, dead of a quick-acting poison. After a quick in-
vestigation of the table and surrounding area, Harry told the police who
had arrived on the scene to put out an APB for the diner dressed as Robin
Hood. Although none of the diners left any of their belongings or cos-
tume parts behind, and no definable fingerprints were found on any of
the dinnerware, Harry was positive that Robin Hood had been sitting
closest to the murdered coed.
How did Harry's quick investigation determine this?

12. Murder in Sausalito

Harry was interviewing Lenus Von Shope after the tragic murder of
his wife the day before. Von Shope lived in a stately bungalow in the Bay
Area's artistic community. He was an avid art collector himself, and had
lush green carpeting and beautiful draperies throughout the house to set
off his wealth of art treasures. The walls of the house were painted soft
pastels with no wallpaper to detract from the art-gallery atmosphere.
Von Shope had been sailing alone on the day of the tragedy, and had
been forced to return by a short but violent summer thunderstorm.
"As I entered the house, I was soaked to the bone," Von Shope told
Harry. "I heard a gunshot, but I couldn't make out where it came from
because of the thunder. I went into the living room and called to my wife,
but there was no answer. I checked my study, the dining room and the
studio, but still did not find her. Finally, I found her in the bedroom ly-
ing on the floor with a bullet through her head. I didn't touch or disturb
anything. I then called the police and waited in the living room for their
arrival."
64 PUZZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

Harry read the police report, which stated that they found the body in
the bedroom, as Von Shope claimed. All the windows were closed, but
the drapes around the bedroom window were rainsoaked. Von Shope's
muddy footprints were found near the body. None of the art pieces were
missing, and nothing in the house appeared to be disturbed.
Harry recommended to the Sausalito police that Von Shope be held
on suspicion of murder.
Why did Harry suspect Von Shope of murder?

13. The Case of the Crooked Chemist

"Some cases are pretty simple," Harry told his class one evening.
"Recently I had cause to investigate an apparent suicide in Berkeley. A
chemistry professor was found in his laboratory dead of a gunshot wound
to the head. The gun that fi.red the fatal bullet was found still clutched
in the professor's hand. The laboratory was locked from the inside and
the police had to break the door in to gain entrance. One of the windows
was open, but all of the windows were protected by bars on the outside.
"There was a letter from a local hood found on the body, demanding
that the professor pay him money he claimed was owed to him from a
shady deal in which they were both involved. The letter carried a threat
of death to the professor if the demand was not met. I interviewed the
hood and found him to be a most unlikable character. However, he
claimed he had no knowledge of who was responsible for the professor's
death, although he did admit writing the threatening letter.
"After reviewing the facts of the case, I determined that the hood must
be innocent, as he claimed."
Why was Harry sure the hood was innocent?

14. Murder at the Class Reunion

Harry and his good friend Terrence Blodgett had been attending a
class reunion at their Alma Mater on the Peninsula. The night was warm
and the two friends had been having a wonderful time renewing friend-
ships with old classmates. One of the dormitories had been set aside to
house the returning graduates for the festive occasion. Harry was walk-
ing in the garden when he stumbled on the body of another classmate,
Cecil Giddens, lying directly below his sixth-floor window. Presently,
Blodgett, out of breath, joined Harry and said that he had stopped by
Giddens' room to ask him to join them. No one was in the room, but he
had found a suicide note on the bed. He opened the window, looked out
and saw Harry standing over Giddens' body. As the two men were dis-
cussing the tragedy, Giddens' roommate, Gerry Blake, rushed up and
 DETECTOPUZZLES 65

asked what had happened. Blake said he had been worried about Giddens,
who he said had been despondent about a failed business venture. He
had left Giddens to make a quick trip to the liquor store in town. Further
investigation showed that no one else except the roommates had been in
Giddens' and Blake's room before the tragedy.
Harry was convinced, after reviewing the circumstances surrounding
the apparent suicide, that Giddens had been murdered, and recom-
mended to the local police that they arrest Blake for the crime.
How did Harry know Blake was the murderer?

15. The Case of the Bathroom Murder

Harry and Lesley, Harry's latest love, were walking from Harry's room
down the corridor of the hotel when they heard a shot ring out from a
room they were passing. The door flew open and a distraught young
woman, her face streaked with tears, dashed out. Seeing Harry and his
gorgeous friend, she exclaimed, "Please help! My husband's just shot him-
self!"
Harry entered the young woman's room and found a man, clad in pa-
jamas, lying on the bathroom floor. His left arm was underneath his body,
a .32-caliber automatic was lying near his outstretched right arm, with an
ejected shell casing nearby. There was water in the bathtub and a pair
of man's slippers was resting beside the tub. A bullet hole in the man's
right temple showed his death to have been instantaneous. Harry re-
moved a note, written in feminine handwriting, from the man's right
hand. The note was unsigned, but a quick perusal showed the note to re-
flect undying love and admiration from a female acquaintance.
The young woman, still sobbing, said that when she refused her hus-
band's request for a divorce, he became very despondent, grabbed the
pistol from his suitcase, ran into the bathroom and shot himself.
Harry picked up the room telephone and called the police. When they
arrived, he related the details of the case, and the police arrested the
young woman on suspicion of murder.
What had Harry told the police that led them to arrest the wife?

16. The Logic Quiz

"Ok, Class," Harry told his students, 'Tm going to give you a quick
quiz." As he passed out the papers he continued, "I am going to tell you
a story of a notorious gang. The gang had four members whose names
were Apple, Banana, Cherry and Date. All four had been apprehended
in connection with the kidnapping of the Eiderdown baby. During the
course of the kidnapping, one of the gang members had shot and killed
the baby's nurse. Here are some additional facts in the case."
66 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LoGIC AND REASONING

Harry then wrote the following facts on the blackboard:

1. The gang leader and the killer were almost identical in appear-
ance.
2. Date and the killer, without the leader's permission, had, on their
own, attempted another kidnapping which was not successful.
3. Banana and the leader had arranged for the hideout after the kid-
napping.
4. Apple and the killer had both insisted that the leader pick up the
ransom money alone.
5. The leader and the killer are both related to Cherry.
"The question, of course, is," said Harry after finishing the clues, "who
is the leader and who is the killer? The solutions are simple, so I'll give
you two minutes. Start!"

17. The Case of the Capsized Canoe

Harry and Darlene, his latest "serious friend," were taking a houseboat
trip on the Sacramento River. They had tied up for the night at Wendy's
Landing. About eight o'clock they heard a commotion on the dock and
a man's cry for help. Harry rushed out the door of the houseboat and
found the man, soaking wet and half-drowned, lying exhausted on the
dock. The man exclaimed, "I was canoeing with my financee on the river.
We were coming back from the restaurant directly across the way, and
when we got a couple of hundred yards from the dock here, a motorboat
rushed by and capsized the canoe with its wake. I saw Cecelia struggle
and then go under. I tried to find her, but by then it was too dark. I strug-
gled against the current and finally made it to shore. Please, call the po-
lice and help find Cecelia! Maybe she can still be saved!"
The police were called and after a lengthy search found Cecelia's hat
and one of the canoe's paddles lying on the muddy bank near the dock.
The next day, Cecelia's body was recovered with grappling hooks from
the muddy river bottom. Though the cause of death was found to be
drowning, she had an ugly bruise on the left side of her head. The canoe
and other paddle were not recovered.
Harry told the police inspector, "There's no way this was an unfortu-
nate accident. You'd better hold that man for further questioning."
Why did Harry suspect foul play?

18. The Case of the Charred Corpse

An article in the morning Chronicle caught Harry's attention. George
Foley, an old friend of Harry's, had been arrested for the murder of his
girl friend Kris. Harry immediately went to the jail where George was
being held and George told him the following story:
 DETECTOPUZZLES 67

"I was coming home from a late meeting when I saw the flames from
my apartment. I rushed up the stairs because I knew Kris was there wait-
ing for me. The flames were too intense and I couldn't get in the door.
The fire-department truck arrived and put out the flames, but found Kris's
charred body on the floor. The next day I received a note saying the
sender knew I had stabbed Kris and unless I left $10,000 at a designated
drop, he would tell the police. I was horrified to learn that the autopsy
revealed that Kris had died of a knife wound to the heart. Then the po-
lice arrested me."
"Did you show the police the note?" Harry asked.
"No! I didn't want to make matters worse," George exclaimed.
"Tell me about the meeting," Harry asked.
'Well, it lasted for about three hours," George said. "There were four
of us there, all of whom will vouch for me. It ended about 11:00 P.M. It
took me ten or fifteen minutes to walk home."
"Don't worry," Harry said. "It's obvious you're innocent."
Why was Harry sure his friend was innocent?
 x
MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND
PUZZLES

This chapter serves as a "catch-all" for longer puzzles that do not fit into
other chapters. Each one is a minicategory in itself, and I think they pro-
vide some of the best entertainment in the book I hope you will agree!
(answers begin on page 108).

A. SPORTS TEAMS

Professional football, baseball, basketball and hockey teams all have nick-
names such as Yankees, Rams, Trailblazers and North Stars. On the fol-
lowing four pages are listed the major-league cities for the four sports
and a second list that gives clues to the nicknames. See how many you
can match.

I. Football
Atlanta 1. half bovine, half man
Buffalo 2. credit card users
Carolina 3. fundamental rules
Chicago 4. shoplifters
Cincinnati 5. equine rodeo participants
Cleveland 6. 747s
Dallas 7. sixshooters
Denver 8. $1.00 for corn
Detroit 9. fish arms for a girl's toy
Green Bay 10. loaders
Houston 11. midnight snackers
Indianapolis 12. six rulers
Jacksonville 13. 1.0.U.s
Kansas City 14. wise sunbathers
68
 MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND PuzzLEs 69

Miami 15. foolish sunbathers

Minnesota 16. protected species
New England 17. Nixon's wife goes wild
New Orleans 18. king of beasts
New York (AFC) 19. seven squared
New York (NFC) 20. Henry's compact
Oakland 21. ewe's mates
Philadelphia 22. lubricators
Phoenix 23. Indian leaders
Pittsburgh 24. Peter and Paul
St. Louis 25. Uncle's spouses in the army
San Diego 26. type of striped cat
San Francisco 27. marine bird
Seattle 28. streakers
Tampa Bay 29. German tanks, from a lisper
Washington 30. military attorney's conflicts

II. Baseball
Atlanta l. We'd rather be dead
Baltimore 2. Miss Lillie's tantrums
Boston 3. stalk backwards
California 4. revelations
Chicago (AL) 5. frightened footwear
Chicago (NL) 6. artful rascals
Cincinnati 7. followed by supporters
Cleveland 8. prices for Traynor
Colorado 9. Hi Yo Silver!
Detroit 10. cheers for bullfighter Ori
Florida 11. 102
Houston 12. verdant jolly valley dwellers
Kansas City 13. Charlie's three
Los Angeles 14. try holding 'em!
Milwaukee 15. Smalley and Kaline
Minnesota 16. a bunch of Fathers
Montreal 17. Fathers' bosses
New York (AL) 18. Romulus and Remus
New York (NL) 19. sad letters
Oakland 20. bitty bruins
Philadelphia 21. perused hitting
Pittsburgh 22. New Delhi-ites
St. Louis 23. Fidel lost his C
San Diego 24. Doodle's precedent
San Francisco 25. blunts
70 PuZZLES AND GAMES IN LocIC AND REASONING

Seattle 26. the ancient one

Texas 27. sport fish
Toronto 28. clues to extinct bird

III. Basketball
Atlanta 1. fiery paths
Boston 2. Angeltown mongrels
Charlotte 3. centers of star systems
Chicago 4. fighting men
Cleveland 5. really, really fast
Dallas 6. gardener's and barber's necessities
Denver 7. male monarchs
Detroit 8. jingle and janglers
Golden State 9. festival in Newport
Houston 10. Bret and brother
Indiana 11. pebbles
Los Angeles (ex-Minneapolis) 12. forest canines
Los Angeles (ex-San Diego) 13. Johnson or Sayers
Miami 14. brand-new military pilots
Milwaukee 15. olde Englanders
Minnesota 16. four from four score
New Jersey 17. knee pants
New York 18. shot from guns
Orlando 19. grosses less expenses
Philadelphia 20. preliminary track event
Phoenix 21. good for Wall Street
Portland 22. cylinder fillings
Sacramento 23. moolah
San Antonio 24. sells in the street
Seattle 25. worried walkers
Toronto 26. seines for ladies of the night
Utah 27. hearing organs for Cavals
Vancouver 28. knock on craggy hills
Washington 29. endangered bruins

IV. Hockey
Anaheim 1. old West lawmen
Boston 2. aviators
Buffalo 3. Batman nemesis
Calgary 4. natives of Tasmania
Chicago 5. national seats
Colorado 6. Pitcairn residents
Dallas 7. witch's doin's
Detroit 8. north of the border natives
 MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND PtlzzLES 71

Edmonton 9. dueling implements

Florida 10. Ahab and mates
Hartford 11. Bagheera' s kin
Los Angeles 12. ebony raptors
Montreal 13. Hill Street bunch
New Jersey 14. kind of blackbirds
New York (newest) 15. before thunder
New York (oldest) 16. wooden table inserts
Ottawa 17. double-decked checkers
Philadelphia 18. hot tongues
Pittsburgh 19. sports relatives in Houston?
St. Louis 20. Canadians to Canadians
San Jose 21. sports relatives in New York?
Tampa Bay 22. twinklers
Toronto 23. legislators
Vancouver 24. Sherman and Megan
Washington 25. Donald's muscular relatives
Winnipeg 26. snow slide

B. MONSTER MOVIES

How well do you know your horror flicks? See how many blanks on this
and the following page you can fill in with words from the accompany-
ing list of "things." Happy haunting, er, hunting!

l. I Was a Teenage Zombie

2. The Bride of Demon
3. The from the Black Lagoon Monster
4. Invasion of the Living Dead
5. Thirteen Dracula
6. The of the Opera Jekyll
7. I Married a from Outer Space Beast
8. Daughter of Dr. Cat
9. Billy the Kid versus Body Snatchers
10. Beauty and the Werewolf
11. Night of the Frankenstein
12. Santa Claus Conquers the Martians
13. The Mad Ghoul
72 PUZZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

14. The Curse of the People It

15. Came from Outer Space Strangler
16. I Walked with a Triffids
17. Curse of the Mummy
18. The of Notre Dame Apes
19. Mark of the Mantis
20. Curse of the 's Tomb Vampire
21. The Deadly Thing
22. The Haunted Cyclops
23. Planet of the Devil
24. Day of the Mole
25. Dr. Creature
26. of the Damned Ghosts
27. The That Couldn't Die Children
28. Diary of a Witch
29. Bum, ,Bum Madman
30. The People Hunchback
31. The Will Get You Phantom
32. The Bat Boogie Man

c. BRAIN TEASERS

These pleasant little challenges are really enjoyablel It's amazing how the
simplest ones seem the hardest. The object is to make a commonly used
word or phrase from the clue given. You must unleash your imagination
and let it run free. See how many you can get from the following fan-
tastic collection!

Example: STANDING is "misunderstanding" (miss under standing).

MISS

1. LO HEAD VE 3. MILE MILE

HEELS 4. H
2. B A
I
T BUSH E
R
A END
 MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND PUZZLES 73

5. YOUR HAT 25. LOVERSTORNLOVERS

KEEP IT
26. MANDOGGER
6. ONE ONE ONE
ONE ONE ONE 27. OHA OHA OHA
ANOTHER ANOTHER 28. R R
ANOTHER ANOTHER I I
ANOTHER ANOTHER RIVER RIVER RIVER
7. EVERYRIGHTTHING E E
R R
8. ANOTHER ONE
9. ENGA CEMENT 29. Tu NE
NETUNETUNETU
10. lT 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 7T
LIFE ME

11. BAN ANA 30. ICCCCCCCCNG

12. EXXPOSURE 31. RANGER

13. DOFOOTOR 32. BENT
DOUBLE
14. OHOLENE
15. TROUBLE TROUBLE 33. iiiiiiiii
00
16. N
KTIEDUPO 34. SECNALG
S T 35. GROUND
17. DOUBTWHENDONT FEET FEET
FEET FEET
18. TIASTITCHME
FEET FEET
19. SOCHICKUP
36. BLO USE
20. I
RCOLLARN 37. KNEE
G LIGHTS

21. GGES 38. 0

E G PHO BS BA
S SGEG
G GEGS 39. YOUJUSTME
E 40. T
G 0
G u
22. CING CING c
H
23. ROFORKAD
41. 3)1V8
24. IF LAND
IF IF SEA 42. VIOLET
74 Puzzu:s AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

43. CENT 61. !

u D!
R
y A!
R!
44. SYMPHON K! ! !
45. DCTNRY NESS
WORLD
46. MAN
BOARD 62. LOW
HEAD OPERATION
47. WEAR
LONG 63. T HE OVE RC A ST
48. MIND 64. TWO
MATTER T TWO
49. CYCLE CYCLE CYCLE TWO
TWO
50. RIEIAIDIIINIG
65. MYSOMETHINGI
51. R
0 66. T
ROADS I
D E
s T
I
52. PAINS E
53. SOUI 1 T
54. T R A I
F AL E
GAR 67. LE VEL
55. NOMMAG 68. DICE DICE
56. TIMING TIM ING 69. G.I.
57. E ccccccccc
R v 70. 2THDK
0
58. WETHER
71. c
R 0
59. T I M E E U
ABDEFGHIJKLM T N
NOPQRSTVWXYZ
72. T
60. C L T R
0 E I
- - - =SUN K p
u c T
S D I
 MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND PuzzLES 75

73. T 80. T
0 2 PAR E
N GO
74. OTMINOES 81. SIIKY
75. EN OS
82. DR.do
76. SHOTGU
83. WAFIBIT
77. DAB
84. LOOHCS
78. A LOOHCS
N
D EXIT 85. FEWFARFEW
79. T RN 86. GNIHCAYMO

D. ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
No one who has studied languages has ever claimed that English is easy.
Sometimes it gets downright ridiculous! To illustrate this point, I have
listed below a number of common sayings and phrases all dressed up in
their supercalifragalistic camouflage. See how many you can decipher.

1. Pulchritude possesses solely cutaneous profundity.

2. Scintillate, scintillate, astral orb minified.
3. Members of avian species of identical plumage congregate.
4. Surveillance should precede saliency.
5. It is fruitless to become lachrymose over precipitately departed
lacteal fluid.
6. Freedom from incrustations of grime is contiguous to divinity.
7. The stylus is more potent than the claymore.
8. It is fruitless to attempt to indoctrinate a superannuated canine
with neoteric innovative maneuvers.
9. Eschew the implement of correction and vitiate the scion.
10. The temperature of the aqueous content of an unremittingly
ogled cooking container does not reach 100 degrees Celsius.

11. Neophyte's serendipity.

12. Male cadavers are incapable of yielding any testimony.
13. Individuals who make their abode in vitreous edifices would be
advised to refrain from catapulting petrous projectiles.
76 PuzzLEs AND GAMES IN l..oGIC AND REAsONING

14. All articles that coruscate with resplendence are not truly aurif-
erous.
15. Where there are visible vapors having their province in ignited
carbonaceous material, there is conflagration.
16. Sorting on the part of mendicants must be interdicted.
17. A plethora of individuals with expertise in culinary technique vi-
tiates the potable concoction produced by steeping comestibles.
18. Exclusive dedication to necessary chores without the interlude
of hedonistic diversion renders John a hebetudinous fellow.
19. A revolving lithic conglomerate accumulates no diminutive glau-
cous bryophytic plants.
20. The person presenting the ultimate cachinnation possesses,
thereby, the optimal cachinnation.
21. Missiles of ligneous or carboniferous consistency have the po-
tential of fracturing my osseous structure, but appellations will eternally
be benign.
22. Propinquity avails itself only in the coverlets of equine
quadrabases.
23. A spasmodic movement of either optical orb covering is as ade-
quate as a slight inclination of the cranium to an equine quadruped de-
void of its visionary capacities.
24. Abstention from any undertaking precludes a potential escalation
of a lucrative nature.
25. Eleemosynary deeds have their incipience in one's personal
abode.
26. Eschew obfuscation!
27. One individual insertion and penetration of bodkin and mend-
ing filament through material at the proper moment conserves the square
of three.
28. One unit of pome fruit per diem puts the licensed practitioner
of medicine at a considerable distance.
29. Retiring at a reasonable hour and awakening at a reasonable hour
results in the male Homo sapiens becoming salubrious, opulent and saga-
cious.
30. Physical possession of a solitary plumaged avian is commensu-
rate in value with the presence of a double quantity in the shrubbery.
 MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND Puzzu:s 77
31. The mental condition resulting from adversity is enamored of a
multitude of individuals in close proximity.
32. Without exception, atmospheric condensations are marginally ar-
gentine.
33. An abundance of human digited extremities alleviates the bur-
den of travail.
34. Fifty percent of a standard mass of oven-treated yeasted flour is
highly preferable to a dearth thereof.
35. Relative inaccuracy equates in effectiveness a miscalculation of
63,360 inches.
36. A mere scintilla of erudition creates a condition fraught with
hazard.
37. Neither the continuum of infinity nor terrestial cyclical wave ac-
tivity can be stayed by any member of the Homo sapiens species.
38. Abjure prodigality and preclude destitution.
39. Terrestrial power is vested in the agitator of the oscillating
bassinet. -
40. Accurate appraisal of the merit of a tome's contents would be
unfeasible were it to be predicated exclusively upon external evidence.

E. HIDDEN ANIMALS

Each of the following clues suggests the name of an animal. For exam-
ple, the answer to (1) is antelope (aunt elope). Can you find the whole
zoo? Mammals, reptiles and birds make up the menagerie.

1. Dad's sister ran away and got married.

2. Growling neckpiece.

3. Result supine upon.

4. One who sums up.

5. Beloved precipitation, backwards.

6. In charge of the outback.

7. High praise.
78 PuZZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

8. Uninspiring speaker run amok.

9. Underwear for Dolly Parton.

10. Cleans ze vindows.

11. Lincoln on a penny.

12. Earthen container full of show~r soap.

13. Come to a point.

14. Ena had one too many.

15. Unattired.

16. A little, tiny battery.

17. An implement to bash apples and oranges.

18. Shut out.

19. Icepack for the lower jaw.

20. Judge Advocate General's armed hostilities.

21. Sorry-we dropped the R.

22. Hoist up the Volkswagen.

23. Rommel'th tank.

24. Fire the Hindu teacher.

25. The boar's meat you long for.

26. Baseball outfielder.

27. Remove a piece of Benedictine's statue with a blunt instrument.

28. What you do when you change direction.

29. What the exasperated mother seal said to her hairless baby.
 MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND PuzzLEs 79

30. Someone who goes "over the rainbow" many times goes
to ___ .

F. THE STATE OF AFFAIRS

Hidden in each of the following sentences is the name of one of the fifty
United States. To find the hidden state, connect consecutive letters in
two or more words in the sentence. Example: Sally always took her wash-
ing to Ned's Laundromat. Answer: Washington.

1. The cook grimaced and said, "This cream is sour, I think."

2. Watching the World Series was exciting, but exasperating at times,

too.

3. Polio was prevalent before the Salk vaccine was developed.

4. I kept running into Emma in every department store.

5. The rustic cabin we rented turned out to be nothing but a hovel.

6. Ralph did a horrible job fixing the sofa.

7. Too much pride or ego never gets you very far in life.

8. You never heard Al ask a single question during the whole se-
mester.

9. The well-known Eva dated obscure Henry for most of the sum-
mer.

10. George and Grace were having their usual hassle over monthly
bills.

11. I'd either watch the NFL or I'd abstain from watching football
completely.

12. What was hidden in Diana's closet remains a mystery.

13. 'We'll make the infidel aware we mean business," shouted the
terrorist leader.

14. The question was, "How do you color a donkey blue?"

80 PUZZLES AND GAMES IN LoGIC AND REASONING

15. "To make lines connect, I cut them both right here," explained
the electrician.

16. "Cheerio, hi over there," shouted the English mountaineer.

17. No one is sexier than Carol in a bikini!

18. During the sermon, tanagers, finches and sparrows invaded the
chapel.

19. I can still hear her words, softly spoken, "Tuck yourself in and
pleasant dreams."

20. "Can you make my Bloody Mary a virgin?" I asked.

G. PRESIDENTS IN HIDING

As in the preceding puzzle, the names of presidents (28 of them) are hid-
den in the five parag~aphs below. The number at the end of each para-
graph indicates how many presidents' last names are hidden therein.

1. I used to think the easiest letter to write is "en." How erroneous

of me! How can I stay "Lord of Letters" with mistakes like that? (2)

2. "OK, fall in!" Col. Nelson yelled, the silence broken. "Ned, you're
on duty today, John's on duty tomorrow and Jack's on duty Friday." (4)

3. Madam spilled salmon roe on her polka-dot dress. But, after all,
the washing tonight should make it good as new. (5)

4. I'm a nomad and a nomad is on the go. I was in Phoenix on Sunday

and in Omaha yesterday. Now I'm really bushed, and I don't know
whether to stop off or drive on. If it stayed cool, I'd get going again. (6)

5. The local area gang ran to fill more cups with hot rum and sugar.
Field music was heard to echo over the orchard in grand style. Reading,
music, art erupted on a basic level and made for a happier celebration. (11)

H. ACRONYMANIA

Our world has gone crazy over acronyms as a means of saving time and
space. International Business Machines (a real mouthful) became simply
IBM. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing became 3M. Even a simple
 MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND PuzZLES 81

phrase like "as soon as possible" has been condensed to ASAP. The fol-
lowing list is composed of common items or phrases in which numbers
are involved. All the numbers are given. The key words are represented
by their first letter. Let your mind relax as you go through the list. You'll
find you may have a block on the simplest items. You may find the an-
swers coming to you at odd times of the day (or night)."That's perfectly
normal. If you can get them all, it may not mean you're a genius, but it
does show your mind is open and relaxed! Try to avoid the temptation
of looking at the answers as long as possible. It will only elicit exclama-
tions such as "Arghh" or "I should have known that!"

Example: 7 D of the W. Answer: 7 days of the week

1. 26 L of the A 17. 4 Wand 7 S

2. 16 0 in P 18. 8 Son a SS

3. 1001 AN 19. 15 M on the D M C

4. 12 S of the Z 20. 3 BM (SH TR)

5. 54 C in a D (including Js) 21. 4 Qin a G

6. 3 C in the F 22. 24 Hin a D

7. 66 Bin the B 23. 1 Won a U

8. 9 Pin our SS 24. 5 (or 9) D in a Z C

9. 88 PK 25. 57 HV

10. 13 Son the AF 26. 3 P for a F G in F

11. 32 D F at which W F 27. 1000 W that a P is W

12. 18 Hon a G C 28. 29 D in F in a L Y

13. 5 Son the P 29. 64 Son a CB

14. 8 Lon a B W S 30. 11 Pon a FT

15. 90 Din a RA 31. 13 in a B D

16. 200 D for P G in M 32. 40 D and N of the G F

82 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LoGIC AND REASONING

33. 76 T led the B P 47. 101 D

34. 5P W to LY L 48. 7 H ofR

35. 6 Pin a PT 49. 36 I in a Y

36. 99 B of B on the W 50. 40 T (with A B)

37. 60 Sin a M 51. 30 D H S A J and N

38. lHonaU 52. 1 Data T

39. 9 Jon the SC 53. 10 A in the B of R

40. 7 B for 7 B 54. 435 M of the H of R

41. 21 D on a D (this is a 55. 31 IC Fat BR

toughy)
56. 2 T (and a Pin a PT)
42. 7Wofthe AW
57. 4 Hof the A
43. 5 Fon a H
58. 20,000 L U the S
44. 5280 Fin a M
59. 91inaBG
45. 6 W of H the E
60. 56 S of the D of I (another
46. 20 Y that R V W S toughy)
 ANSWERS

I: LOGIC PUZZLES

I. The color of the winner's hat was red. If it were blue, the winner thought
to himself, one of the other suitors (A) would have seen a red hat and a blue hat.
He (A) would then have thought to himself that the third suitor (B) would see a
blue hat and whatever color hat he (A) had on his head. If A's hat were blue
(thinks A), then B would see two blue hats and know immediately that he (B)
had a red hat on. However, since B did not say anything, A would know that he
(A) had a red hat on, and would so declare. But, since A did not say anything ei-
ther, the winner knew he could not have a blue hat on, and thus correctly de-
clared his hat as red, and won the hand of the beautiful princess.

2. Divide the balls into three groups of four (A, B & C). Weigh group A
against group B. If they balance, the odd ball must be in group C, and may be
isolated as follows: Weigh ·three balls from group C against three balls from ei-
ther of the other groups (known to be OK). If they balance, then the untried ball
is the culprit, and may be shown either lighter or heavier in the third weighing
by weighing it against any of the other balls. If the three group C balls do not
balance, let us assume that the side with the group C balls goes down. This weigh-
ing has shown the odd ball to be heavier. To find out which one, simply weigh
one of the three group C balls against another. If they balance, it is the unweighed
ball. If they do not balance, it is the ball on the side that goes down.
Now let's consider the case when the first weighing does not balance. Assume
that the side with the A balls goes up. This tells us that the balls in group C are
OK and that either one of the balls in group A is light or one of the balls in group
B is heavy. Set two of the balls from group B aside. Take a third B ball and set
it on side A, and take two A balls and set them on side B, so that both sides now
have three balls for the second weighing. If the scales balance, the odd ball must
be one of the unused B balls, and therefore heavy. To find out which one, weigh
them against each other. The one that goes down is the culprit. If the scales on
the second weighing do not balance, let us assume that the side with the two A
balls goes up. This tells us that either one of the two A balls is light or the B ball
on the other side of the scale is heavy. To find out which, weigh the two A balls

83
84 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LoGIC AND REASONING

against each other. If they balance, the culprit is the heavy B ball. If they do not
balance, the bad ball is on the side that goes up.

3. Number the lots from one to ten. On the scale, put the same number of
coins as the lot number, i.e. one coin from lot one, two coins from lot two, etc.
There will be 55 coins on the scale. A good coin weighs one ounce, a bad coin
weighs 0.9 ounce. The weight reading will immediately tell which lot is bad. Let's
assume the reading is 54.5 ounces. If all the coins were good, the reading would
be 55 ounces. Since the reading is 0.5 ounces less, there must have been five un.
derweight coins on the scale, and therefore lot five is the bad lot.

4. First trip over - two cannibals

First trip back - one cannibal (one cannibal on far side)
Second trip over - two cannibals
Second trip back - one cannibal (two cannibals on far side)
Third trip over - two missionaries
Third trip back - one each (one each on far side)
Fourth trip over - two missionaries
Fourth trip back - one cannibal (all three missionaries on far
side)
Fifth and sixth trip get all the cannibals across the river

~. Though some physics professors may disagree with the solution, the young
native made it across the bridge by juggling the three cheeses, keeping one al-
ways in the air.

6. Though he was a heathen, the High Chief always kept his word. Knowing
this, the missionary merely had to figure out a statement which would make it
impossible for the Chief to kill him in the manner promised. Therefore, the state-
ment the missionary made was, "You are going to feed me to your pet lion." With
this, the Chief was unable to kill the missionary in either of the two ways offered,
as the statement would not then be consistent with the veracity (or lack thereof)
required.

7. The key here is the King's statement: "Whoever's horse crosses the fmish
line second . . . ." Obviously, if the twins switched horses, the race would be on
again, because the twin who crossed the finish line first with the other twin's
horse would inherit the kingdom, because his own horse would finish second.

8. The water level remained the same. Floating bodies displace their own
weight in water. Therefore, when ice melts, it fills the space it previously dis-
placed. If you don't believe it, try it!

9. The solution is essentially the same as puzzle #4. Og did all the paddling
for the cannibals.
 ANSWERS 85

10. No. The Old JS container contains exactly the same amount of water as
the water container contains Old JS. The ratios remain the same no matter how
many transfers are made, just as long as the transfers are made equally.

1I. Fill the three-gallon container with rum. Pour this into the five-gallon
container. Refill the three-gallon container from the five gallons remaining in the
cask. Pour this into the five-gallon container until it is full. This leaves one gal-
lon in the three-gallon container. Empty the five-gallon container back into the
cask. Pour the one gallon into the five-gallon container. Fill the three-gallon con-
tainer from the cask and empty it into the five-gallon container. There will now
be four gallons each in the five-gallon container and the cask.

12. The solution is easier than it sounds. When the fly began his back-and-
forth journey, the two horses were one minute from collision (60 miles per hour
closing rate takes one minute to cover one mile). Therefore, the fly flew for one
minute before meeting his grisly end. At 60 miles per hour, he covered one mile.

13. 28 days. At the end of the 27th night the tenacious mollusk slid back to
the 27-foot mark. By the end of the 28th day he reached the top and escaped.

14. Even if the twin cottld have ridden at the speed of light (approximately
186,000 miles per second), he could not have gotten his average up to ten miles
an houri For, having covered half the total distance at five miles an hour, he had
already taken all the time available for the whole journey (double that distance)
at double that rate.

15. The missionary simply asked, "If I were to ask you if the right hand path
from yonder fork would take me back to the mission, would your answer be yes?"
If the native were a truthteller, his answers would be straightforward: If it were
the right path, he would say yes, if not, he would say no. If the native were a liar,
however, his answers would be the same! If the right hand path were the correct
one, the liar would say "no" if asked the question directly, but would answer "yes"
if he was asked what his answer woold have been.

16. Ten birds, 20 beasts.

17. 302 pages.

18. 16. One for each day of his trip, plus the two in the harbors upon his ar-
rival and departure, plus the seven that were on the high seas when he left.

19. Four weights are required: One, three, nine and 27 pounds. Don't for-
get it's a balance scale, and the weights can be used on both sides. For example,
to weigh five pounds, the one- and three-pound weights would be placed on the
side with the item to be weighed, with the nine-pound weight on the other.

20. The storekeeper took one fruit from the box marked "PINEAPPLES AND
COCONUTS." If he withdrew a coconut, he would know that the box held only CO·
86 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

conuts. Therefore the box marked "COCONUTS" had to hold pineapples and the
box marked "PINEAPPLES" must contain both fruits.

21. Since the hunter's camp was at the North Pole, the bear was a polar bear
and therefore white. For you sticklers, there is another place, the locus of a cir-
cle a little more than two miles north of the South Pole, where a hunter can fol-
low the same directions and wind up back in his camp. However, there are no
polar bears at the South Pole, so the hunter would have had to shoot a penguin!

22. 50 minutes. Since the commuter's wife drove 20 minutes less than nor-
mal during the trip, she must have driven ten minutes less than normal when she
met him. Since he arrived an hour early, and if she had driven ten more minutes
to arrive at the station when the train was due in, the commuter must have been
walking for 50 minutes.

23. January 1st (no holiday for him!). On December 30, Angela was eight.
On December 31, her birthday, she turned nine. January 1st started the year in
which Angela will be ten and the following year she will be eleven.

24. Twelve miles. At 40 mph, it takes him 18 minutes to get to work; at 45

mph, it takes him 16 minutes.

25. The three people got three apples each. A man, his son and his grand-
son satisfy all the requirements.

26. First trip over - took duck.

Second trip over - took lettuce, brought back duck.
Third trip over - took fox.
Fourth trip over - took duck.

27. Four inches. Since it is the record that turns, the stylus does not travel
in the grooves and the number of grooves is irrelevant. The stylus moves only
the four inches from the beginning of the recording to the end, half the record
diameter less half the inner dead zone and less the width of the outer margin.

28. Three of diamonds, four of diamonds, four of hearts.

29. At the portrait of his son.

30. The missionary cut the third link of the chain and removed it, leaving
three chain parts having one link, two links and four links. The first week, he
gave the chief the one link. The second week, he gave the chief the two-link part
and got the single link back. The third week, he gave the chief the single link.
The fourth week, he gave the four-link part and got the other two parts back,
etc. At the end of the seventh week, the missionary (who was also somewhat of
a metalsmith) connected the two-link and four-link parts of the chain with the
single link by brazing the cut in the link. It was worth it-he got 54 converts dur-
ing his seven-week stay!
 ANSWERS 87

31. It took the grocer nine weighings. He put the five-pound weight on one
side of the scale and the nine-pound weight on the other. He then added tea to
the five-pound weight side until the scale balanced. He removed the four pounds
of tea thus obtained and repeated the process three times, obtaining four four-
pound portions of tea. The unweighed portion also weighed four pounds. He
then removed the weights from the scale and divided each four-pound portion
approximately in half, putting each part on opposite sides of the scale. He trans-
ferred tea from one side to the other until the scale balanced, and he had a two-
pound portion on each side. After repeating this process with the other four por-
tions, he ended up with ten two-pound portions of tea (whew!).

32. Friday.

33. The daughters' ages are five, ten and 49. The Bishop's age is 64, and the
missionary's age is 50. The factors of 2,450 that make sense in the problem are
5, 10 and 49; 2, 25 and 49; 7, 7 and 50. If the Bishop's age had been 76, the mis-
sionary could have determined the daughters' ages from the second set of fac-
tors. Since he couldn't, the Bishop's age must have been 64, the sum of the other
two sets of factors . The missionary's age must have been exactly 50, or else he
could not have told which set of factors revealed the daughters' ages. The waiter
simply used this logic to figure out all five ages.

34. The waiter saw both signs and reasoned, "If the sign on the first door is
true, so is the sign on the second door. But that cannot be, so the sign on the
first door must be false." Therefore, he went with confidence to the room which
the false sign said contained the crocodile, to claim his future bride.

35. If the question could have been answered "yes," then both the man and
his wife would have been Ns. If this were true, the man could not have asked
the question. Therefore, he had to be an N, and to make the answer "no," his
wife must have been a Y.

36. Barbara's statement, if true, shows each sister to be insane. The only way
an insane villager can make a true statement is to be a VP. If Barbara's statement
is false, then at least one of the sisters is sane. If the sane one is Barbara, again,
she must be a VP. If the sane one is Brenda, the statement she makes is true,
making Barbara, once again, a VP. Therefore, it matters not whether Barbara's
statement is true or false; she is the VP.

37. Only one of the 100 was truthful. Since at least one of any two had to be
a liar, there could never be two truthful villagers together; therefore, there could
only be one truthful villager among the 100.

38. To solve this fascinating problem, we must first determine how long it
will take for the clocks to come together again. This will happen when the fast
clock has gained six hours and the slow clock has lost six hours: Since they di-
verge at a rate of 20 seconds per hour, they will be one minute apart in three
hours, one hour apart in 180 hours (7.5 days) and six hours apart, their maximum
88 PUZZLES AND GAMES IN LoGIC AND REASONING

divergence, in 45 days. In another 45 days, they will come together at 6:00 (the
slow clock will be A.M., the fast clock will be P.M.). Consulting a calendar, there
are exactly 90 days before noon January 31 and noon May 1 (the clocks' average)
in years with no leap year. If Harry had been born in 1933, his 47th birthday
would have been in 1980, a leap year. Therefore, Harry must have been the older
of the two friends, born in 1932, and the year of the problem was 1979.

II: SITUATION PUZZLES

l. Jane was a goldfish whose bowl John had inadvertently knocked over when
he came home late and a little intoxicated. Since the fish was out of water, she
suffocated.

2. The man stood on a one-foot cube of dry ice which sublimed, leaving no
trace, after he kicked it out from under him.

3. The man afraid to go home was a baseball runner at third base. The man
in the mask was the catcher, of course!

4. The arm came from a friend who was a fellow airman during the war. One
day, as they flew together out over the ocean, they were shot down far from land
and even farther from their aircraft carrier. However, they both survived the para-
chute jump and made it into their two-man raft with only minor injuries. Days
grew into weeks with no rescue in sight. Luckily, the periodic rain kept their thirst
under control, but their food was gone and they were slowly starving to death.
At last, with no apparent alternative, they made a pact. They would draw straws,
and whoever lost would donate his arm (or more precisely, the meat on it) so
that they both might survive a little longer. After the first arm was eaten, if they
still were not rescued, the second man would have his arm amputated in the man-
ner of the first man. If they were rescued before the second amputation became
necessary, they agreed that after a reasonable time after their rescue, when re-
cuperation was complete, the second man would have his arm amputated and
sent to the first man so that they would come out of the ordeal equal. And that's
exactly what happened!

5. He didn't take the elevator to the 14th floor because he was a dwarf and
could reach no higher than the button for the seventh floor.

6. The bicycles were Bicycle playing cards. Since a normal deck has 52 cards,
the 53 cards present indicated that the dead man was a cheat, and he paid with
his life for it.

7. The pack was where the parachute that didn't work was stored. The man
died from hitting the desert sand at a little less than 130 miles per hour.

8. Dr. Whitney rented the apartment next to the young man. The walls in
the apartment building were very thin, and Dr. Whitney was a very loud snorer.
 ANSWERS 89

Awaking him seemed the only solution to the nocturnal noise pollution. By the
time Dr. Whitney got to sleep after wondering who called him in the middle of
the night, the young man himself was slumbering peacefully.

9. The car the drunk hit was a hearse, and the "passenger" had departed this
life long before the accident.

10. The woman was a travel agent who sold the murderer two tickets to Japan
but only one coming back

11. The sisters were Siamese twins and could not be surgically separated.
Therefore, the judge had no choice but to set the guilty sister free, or else the
innocent sister would be unjustly punished.

12. This puzzle is one which must be given to the solver(s) orally. Most peo-
ple will assume "beach" is meant, not Beech, which is a make of airplane. The
man was an airplane mechanic who inadvertently walked into the spinning pro-
peller of a Beech airplane while performing a maintenance function.

13. The first clue was that the victim was right-handed and would not have
shot himself with his left hand. The pencil and the small tire prints led the au-
thorities to the real killer. It seems the murdered man had a bad habit of reck-
less driving, and the previous year he had run down a man in a crosswalk. The
injured man was reduced to life in a wheelchair where his only means of support
was selling pencils on the sidewalk. Obviously bitter, the man had spent a year
planning his revenge. He waited in the garage for the return of his enemy. As
the driver turned off the engine but before he could get out of the car, he was
shot in the left temple by the man in the wheelchair, thus the upward angle of
the bullet. In the course of the murder the crippled man dropped one of his pen-
cils, and did not notice the tracks his wheelchair made in the dusty garage.

14. The man was a dwarf, billed in the circus as "The Smallest Man in the
World." He had a rival, not much bigger, who aspired to the title. One night, the
rival conceived a plan. He sneaked into the Smallest Man's room and sanded a
little off each of his dressing table legs. The following day he repeated the act.
After a week, the Smallest Man began to notice that his dressing table seemed
lower. He immediately thought to himself, "My God, I'm growing!" As the rival
sanded off more and more of the table legs each day, the Smallest Man became
more and more despondent until at last, not being able to cope with not being
the Smallest anymore, he took an overdose of sleeping pills and expired.

15. His favorite radio program was a quiz-prize show where the host called
people at random and asked them questions. The host announced he was calling
the man's house. When the driver heard a strange man answer, he turned the
car around immediately, sped home, and caught his wife red-handed (and red-
faced) with her lover. There immediately ensued a crime of passion, of which the
man was ultimately found guilty.

16. The bulbs were flash bulbs for cameras.

90 PUZZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

17. The woman was in a hospital elevator. She had just left her husband who
was in an iron lung (an emphysema victim from too many years of smoking).
When the electricity failed, and no emergency power came on, the woman knew
the electrically driven iron-lung mechanism had stopped, and her husband could
not survive without it.

18. The lawyer was the doctor's girlfriend who did not know he was married
until his imprudent outburst. In a rage of indignation at having been deceived,
she shot him.

19. The time was during the Civil War, when Americans killed Americans
for over four years. The sentry was only doing his duty.

III: TRICK OR JUVENILE PUZZLES AND RIDDLES

I. Obviously, the answer is 17. However, when you ask this question ver-
bally, the answer you will invariably get is 23, because the audience thinks you
have said "twenty-six sheep" instead of "twenty sick sheep." Even after you re-
peat the question slowly and distinctly, more times than not, you'll still be an-
swered 23.

2. You don't. You must use a camera.

3. None. Since the ladder is attached to the boat, it rises with the tide.

4. Again, none. There is no dirt in a hole.

5. You'd be in trouble if you burieil. survivors anywhere!

6. T-H-A-T.

7. A candle.

8. One. Only "I." (The others were returning from St. Ives.)

9. "Smiles," because there's a mile between the first and last letters.

10. Three.

11. A pillow.

12. A nickel and a quarter. The nickel was the coin which wasn't a quarter.

13. They borrowed a cow from a neighbor so that the herd equalled twenty
cows. They now divided them as specified: The first man got half, or ten; the sec-
ond man got a fourth, or five; the third man got a fifth, or four. 19 cows having
thus been distributed, the partners returned the remaining cow to the neighbor
from whom it was borrowed.
 ANSWERS 91

14. This puzzle is a prime example of mathematical subterfuge! Though the

premise sounds logical, it has a basic flaw: after five dollars were removed from
the till, there were $25 left, not $30. If you add the three dollars given to the
customers to the two dollars kept by the bellhop, you get the $30 originally given
to the desk clerk. Though the men had eventually paid $27 for the three rooms,
the desk clerk only got $25 because the bellhop filched the other $2.

15. A skunk rolling down hill.

16. A skunk in a blender.

17. Two scoops of dead baby in a glass of root beer (ugh)!

18. Because all the others are in "audible" (inaudible).

19. A day and a half.

20. They're the same when turned upside down.

21. The ducks he raised.

22. Envelope.

23. A map.

24. Swallows.

25. Washington, D.C.

26. Maybe (May bee).

27. Underwear, because it's never worn out!

28. a. Eileen.
b. Irene.
c. Lean beef.
d. Nothing. It won't come anyway.

29. a. Pig in a fog.

b. Aerial view of a used-bathtub lot.
c. Man in tux caught in an elevator.
d. Ship arriving too late to save a drowning witch.

30. A crocus (crow-cuss).

31. A baby duck.

32. Because she likes the tips!

92 Puzzu:s AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

33. A carpet.

34. None. It was Noah who loaded the ark, not Adam.

35. The match.

36. It is daytime.

37. It would be easy, provided the other end of the rope weren't tied to any-
thing.

38. Having no mirrors, each thought his face looked like the other's.

39. Because he can't walk, hardly!

40. Bob gave Dick a punch in the side because he didn't cook the bunny
enough.

IV: GROUP GAMES

(Answers given with explanation of each group game.)

V: SPATIAL PUZZLES

A. Matchstick Marvels

l.

2.

/\/\
3.
\/\/
+
--
1_1_
 ANSWERS 93
4.

5.

6. Simply pull the surrounded

match up so that the space in the. mid-
dle forms a square, as shown.

7. As mentioned, winning patterns can be acquired by playing any removal

game. In example (a), the patterns you want to leave your opponent are:

l 11
11 Ill l 11111 l 11
11 11 l 1111 l 111
l 1 l l 11
I I
(Note: The rows do not have to be in the order shown.)
The player who goes first can always win by taking one match from the row
of five. Can you find any other "sure win" first moves? In example (b), your op-
ponent eventually must be left with five matches. To accomplish this, a removal
of two matches by the first player will lead to a first-player win.

8. A quadrilateral. Each figure alternating from the first figure adds a side,
while each figure alternating from the second figure deletes a side.

9.
I== \IT
10.
=TI
94 PuzZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

ll. Most people will try to form "wood." The correct answer, of course, is:

B. Penny Puzzles

l.

2. Simply place the right-hand penny on top of the comer penny.

3.

#3

4. If you have an even number of coins and it's your tum with one to four
coins left, you will win. Conversely, if you have an odd number of coins, you will
win if there are two, three or five coins left. Your opponent, therefore, can al-
ways win when you leave him with two or three coins, regardless of whether he
has collected an odd or even number. The goal, then, is to leave him with a num-
ber of coins with which he cannot win. You can do this by determining whether
he has taken an odd or even number (add the number you have taken to
the number remaining; if the total is odd, your opponent has taken an even num-
ber, if it is even, his total is odd). Then leave him with a number with the fol-
lowing forms: a) If his total is even, leave him with 8.x or 8.x - 3. b) If his total is
odd, leave him with 8.x + 1 or 8.x - 4. (x equals any whole number.) Example:
There are 15 coins left on the table and you have taken 12. Since the total on
the table plus your total add up to an odd number, your opponent has taken an
even number. The number 13 fits the form 8.x - 3 [(8 X 2) - 3], take two coins
to win.

5. Firmly place your right forefinger on the nickel. With your left forefinger,
move the left-hand quarter away from the nickel and strike the nickel with it by
sliding it rapidly across the tabletop, being careful not to let the nickel move as
you strike it. The right-hand quarter will pop away from the nickel, leaving plenty
of space for you to insert the left-hand quarter between it and the nickel.
 ANSWERS 95

C. Pencil Puzzles

1.

2. Eleven

3. Consider you have a cylinder with a hole in it. When viewed from the top
and end, the view is as you would suspect. However, to achieve the side view,
the cylinder must be rounded around the ends, so that, in effect, you have two
cylinders at right angles to one another with a hole through one of them. I made
one, so I know it can be done!

VI: ADVANCED PUZZLES

A. Algebra

_ [ _ X(:±:Z YX2+Y2-z2 -XY)J

1. A-X y z2-X2

or z[ x
(:±:X YX2 + Y2 - z2 - YZ)
X2 - z2 .
J
2. The solutions are taken from the cubic equation 2x3 - 139x2 + 220x =
10,000. The pole can break at two places and satisfy the condition: x ""' 11.3 ft or
49.2 ft.

B. Bridge
I. The key is the play from dummy on the opening lead. It is essential to dis-
card a diamond! After that, the play proceeds to establish a dummy reversal. Both
of dummy's low spades must be ruffed to shorten declarer's trumps. Norn:
Dummy's tQ is somewhat of a red herring. The path might be easier to find if
dummy had A 3 2 instead of A Q 2. The play proceeds with South winning the
opening lead in hand (after sluffing a diamond from dummy), leading a trump
and ruffing a spade, leading a second trump and ruffing the tQ. South's last
trump is then led to dummy, and dummy's final trump is led, which performs
the dual mission of drawing West's last trump and allowing South to sluff the
OK. The tA provides a parking place for the OA so that dummy's diamonds,
now unblocked, can be run to fulfill the contract.
96 PuzzLEs AND GAMES IN LoG1c AND REASONING

2. This hand was actually played with most North-South pairs getting to six
hearts and all of them going down one. Postmortems revealed the hand could be
made as follows: The opening lead is won by South who, after drawing trumps,
leads his second high diamond. He then leads the tA and continues with the
deuce, finessing the ten! The •K is then led from dummy with South discard-
ing the tK! West wins but must put declarer back on the board to sluff his two
diamond losers on the black queens.

3. After taking the tA, West continues with the •Q. South takes the ace,
leads a trump to dummy, returns a club to the king, ruffs a club high, returns a
trump to the jack and ruffs his last club in dummy. With no outstanding trumps
and no black suits in dummy, declarer now leiids a low diamond. When East plays
low (he must or the king will drop the queen when declarer gets back in), South
rises with the king and leads a low diamond. If West wins he must yield a ruff-
sluff and if East overtakes West's queen, South's diamonds become good. Either
way South is held to one diamond loser.

4. South's problem in this hand is that he has too many trumps! To make the
hand, he must reduce his trump length to equal East's. Accordingly, he wins the
opening lead in dummy and ruffs a spade. After leading two rounds of trumps, the
04 is led to the queen and a second spade ruffed. The OK is overtaken in dummy
and the last spade ruffed. The •2 is then led to the queen and a diamond is ruffed.
When the •K is then overtaken, the lead from dummy through East's jack-nine to
South's queen-ten brings South the final two tricks and the grand slam.

5. This is another "trump reduction" problem. Declarer ruffs the opening

leads and leads a small trump to finesse the six! Another club is ruffed, and us-
ing the heart and diamond board entries to ruff the remaining clubs, declarer fi.
nally leads a diamond to East's queen. South has the queen-jack of trumps, West
has the king-four and dummy has the ace of trump and a diamond. East's forced
heart lead makes West's "sure" trump winner disappear.

6. At first glance, this looks like a trump reduction-dummy reversal type of

problem, too. However, the timing cannot be created where West's and South's
trumps can be reduced satisfactorily, and another method must be found. Luckily
(as you might have guessed or even discovered), there is one. The opening lead
is won by South with the king and a trump led to dummy. The •Q is then led,
and when East covers with the ace, South sluffs a diamond! It is essential that
West be kept out of the lead so that the tA entry to dummy is preserved. If the
small club were led from dummy, East would play the deuce, thus giving West
the lead or preventing declarer from discarding a diamond, either of which would
prove fatal to the contract. With East on lead, it does not matter what he returns.
If he leads a club, South ruffs and leads a trump to dummy, cashes the OA, and
ruffs a low diamond as West follows suit. South then leads a trump, clearing
West's last trump, plays the OK (sluffing a spade) and ruffs a small diamond,
making dummy's last diamond good. South then crosses to dummy with the care-
fully preserved tA to discard his remaining spade on the case diamond.

7. The solution to this hand is a three-suit squeeze against West. Declarer

runs all four of his trumps, forcing West to choose a discard. He cannot spare a
 ANSWERS 97

diamond, as a finesse against East's king will set up the suit. If he sluffs the low
spade, the king can be dropped by the ace and the tJ provides a parking place
for South's diamond loser which would remain after the successful finesse and
sluffing three diamonds on dummy's hearts. Therefore, West must sluff a heart,
with a diamond being sluffed from dummy. South cashes the tA, setting up West's
king and unblocking the long spades in dummy when the tQ is sluffed on one
of dummy's hearts. This maneuver is known as the "Vienna Coup." Declarer now
runs the four hearts in dummy, discarding three diamonds and the tQ. When
the last heart is led from dummy, West is again squeezed and must choose a dis-
card between the tK and one of the diamonds. Either choice will allow South
to win the rest of the tricks.

8. This is one of the more complicated double dummy problems because

both defenders must be closely considered. Dummy wins the opening lead with
the ace, dropping East's king. South follows with the deuce. The 09 is led to
South's ten and a low trump is led toward dummy, with dummy winning as cheaply
as possible. The OJ is then led to the queen and the trump finesse repeated.
Dummy's high trump pulls West's last trump and also squeezes East. East has
followed the line of best defense and reduced his hand to four cards in each black
suit. When dummy's trump is led, if East discards a spade, South follows low and
ruffs a spade to begin establishment of the spades. If East sluffs a club, South
overtakes dummy's trump with the ace and leads a club for dummy to ruff on
the way to establishing the clubs.

9. This hand proves two adages: "Impossible is often just a state of mind"
and "Little things mean a lot." Even though it seems that no matter how declarer
twists and squirms, two minor suit tricks must be lost. 'Tain't so! Declarer digs
deep into his bag of tricks and proceeds as follows: He wins the heart lead and
plays ace-king of trumps, being careful to follow with dummy's seven and eight.
He then cashes the OA, •A-K and the last heart winner, before leading the
trump three. When dummy follows with his carefully preserved deuce, West finds
himself unexpectedly on lead! This is now the position:

NORTH
t J9
V' -
0 83
• 2
WEST EAST

.
t - t -
V' J10987 V' -
0 - 0 Q J10
- • QJ
SOUTH
t Q 10
V' -
0 K7
• 7
98 PUZZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

A diamond is sluffed from dummy on the heart lead, East relinquishes a club,
and South ruffs with the queen. The ten of trumps is led to dummy's jack as East
sluffs a diamond. When dummy leads the trump nine, East has no successful dis-
card and the "impossible" slam comes home.

IO. Composed in 1928, this "oldie but goodie" remains one of the best of all
double dummy hands. If you can figure this one out, you're a true "double dummy
Master!" The opening lead is won with dummy's ace, declarer discarding a diamond.
Now the fun begins! The king of clubs is led, which creates three possibilities:
(a) If East discards a diamond, declarer sluffs a spade, takes a trump finesse,
leads a diamond to the king and repeats the trump finesse. Four more rounds of
trumps render East's hand harmless and fatally squeeze West. After the last trump
lead, dummy will be left with the +5, OA-7 and +8. South has +A-Q-J and 09.
West must choose a discard from +K-10, OQ-10 and +J. Whatever West dis-
cards will lead to another squeeze, and declarer wins the rest of the tricks.
(b) If East ruffs the +K, South overruffs, plays the +A and continues spade
honors, trapping the king. After ruffing the +K. a trump finesse is taken against
East's queen, trumps are drawn and declarer claims the rest.
(c) If East sluffs a spade on the +K, declarer ruffs the king (!), plays the +A
and spade honors until West covers with the king, which is ruffed in dummy. After
a trump finesse, South cashes the remaining spade(s), leads a diamond to the ace,
ruffs a club and leads another diamond to the king. This leaves South's ace-king-
jack of trumps behind East's queen-six-three and the lead in dummy. Sayonara!

11. Every rule has exceptions, and the rule of aces taking kings and queens
is totally disregarded here. If aces must be sacrificed to make a contract, then
sacrificed they should be. Dummy follows low on the opening lead and so does
East. Declarer wins with the ace (first sacrifice), leads the \?10 to the king and
continues with the jack. When East covers with the queen, South parts with the
+A (sacrifice two)! After this play, the defense is helpless and can score only the
+K, OA-K and \?Q.

12. Creating an extra entry to dummy is the key to this hand. After winning
the diamond lead in hand with the king, South leads th0 \?Q! It does West no
good to duck, as the OA will provide South with the entry1 needed for the trump
finesse and declarer's only losers will be a spade and a heart. When West wins
the \?K, any return will eventually lead to the 0 A providing the initial entry to
dummy. The \?10 will then be led. If East covers, South wins with the ace and
returns to dummy with the \?9 for the trump finesse. If East ducks, the trump
finesse is taken. Declarer's only losers are a spade and a heart.

13. Declarer ruffs two diamonds in dummy, establishing the suit, and takes
two spade finesses in the process. So ends, most unhappily, the saga of the only
31-point hand East will probably ever see. And note: A seven no-trump frustra-
tion bid by East goes down three!

14. The problem here is how to combine both losing trump and club tricks
so that only one trick is lost. South accomplishes this by crossing to the +A at
 ANSWERS 99
trick two, cashing the +Kand ruffing a spade. He leads another club to the king
(it does East no good to rufl) and ruffs his last spade. A club is sluffed on the
r:::JA, a heart is ruffed and a trump led to the queen. East is now reduced to jack-
ten of trumps and a spade, while declarer has king-nine of trumps and a club.
When a heart is led from the board, East has no viable option. If he sluffs the
spade, South ruffs with the nine and his only loser is a trump. If East ruffs, South
simply discards the club and scores the last two tricks with his king-nine. One
sure loser evaporates into thin air!

15. This is another loser vanishing trick. Though the trump king is onside,
West's trump length makes it impossible to pick up by a normal finesse. But
South gets it anyway, as follows: He wins the opening lead in hand with the ace,
plays the queen-jack of trumps (West not covering), plays all his high off-trump
winners and crosses to dummy with the carefully preseived r::JQ. A diamond ruff
leaves the lead with South, who exits with his his losing club, forcing East to win.
North has ace of trump and a low club, South has ten-eight of trump and West
has king-six of trump. When East now leads one of his two remaining red suit
cards, West's king is dead.

C. Mathematical
1. 99 + 919.

2. 9, 19, 29, 39, 49, 59, 69, 79, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 are
the numbers with 9 in them. The total number of 9s is 20.

3. 15 m.p.h.

4. 2,499 zeros.

5. 52 people.
6. .8 x 35 = 28 .6 x 965 = 579 28 + (28 + 579) = 4.6% .
7. It is not possible.

8. Yes, a= 41.

9. It doesn't matter how many cards are in the deck. There are 120 combi-
nations of the five cards, only one of which will have the cards in numerically as-
cending order. Therefore the probability is 11120.

10. Since each snail is approaching its target snail continuously from a 90°
angle, the target snail has no component of velocity away from the approaching
snail. Therefore, regardless of the velocities the snails travel, the distance trav-
eled will always be 20 inches.

11. \1234 - 9 = 15.

100 PuzzLES AND GAMES JN Loc1c AND REASONING

12. 3 and 6.

13. 189 + (1 + 8 + 9) = 10.5.

14. Al, 30, Bob 18, Chuck 28.

US. The stream is used as one of the long sides of the rectangle. Since a rec-
tangle with a set perimeter will have its maximum area when the width is half
the length, the width of the field is 150 yards, its length is 300 yards and the area
enclosed is 45,000 square yards.

16. 27 x 37 = 999.

17. Since the one-inch cube cut from the middle of the three-inch cube has
six sides, the minimum number of cuts required is six.

18. With 23 people, the odds are greater than 50% that at least two of them
will have the same birthday.

19. 36 longhoms.

20. 40 pounds.

21. Since the customer got 0.9 of the flour ground, the miller ground 1 1/9
bushels.

22. 1 + 1 + 1 + 11 = 14.

23. Chickens = $2; ducks = $4; geese = $5.

24. Each boy started with 12c and gave away le to each girl. Each girl started
with 36c and gave away 3c to each boy. Each child ended up with 18¢.

25. 129. The sequence is 9 + 31 = 12, 9 + 32 = 21, 9 + 33 = 48, 9 + 34 =

129, .. . .

26. $14. The owner charges $2 for each letter in the name ofthe item sold.

27. 18. The top numbers of each set are added and their sum multiplied by
the number in the lower left.

28. 2.414 miles. If xis the distance the troops marched by the time the mo-
torcyclist reaches the front of the column, Vm is the speed of the motorcyclist
and Vt is the speed of the troops, then:
Vm 1+x
- =- -
Vt x
 ANSWERS 101

By the time the motorcyclist reaches the rear of the column again, the troops
have marched one mile. Therefore:

Vm
-
Vt
=1+2x
-1-
Solving the two equations gives x =Vi/;= .707. The cyclist traveled 1 + 2x =
2.414 miles.

VII: CLUE AND DEDUCTION PUZZLES

1. Gloria.

2. Pitcher - Harry Shortstop - Ed

Catcher - Allen Left field - Sam

First base - Paul Center field - Bill

Second base - Jerry Right field - Mike

Third base - Andy

3. Doctor - Henry; lawyer - Ann; architect - Maggie; draftsman - Bob.

4. Bob had the best record at 3-1; Carlos the worst at 1-3. The other three
were tied at 2-2, but the ranking was resolved as follows: Doug beat both Ed
and Al, so he ranked second. Ed beat Al to rank third; and Al ranked fourth.

5. The Norwegian drinks the water and the Japanese owns the zebra.
Houses: Yellow Blue Red Ivory Green
Inhabitants: Norwegian Ukrainian Englishman Spaniard Japanese
Pets: Fox Horse Snails Dog Zebra
Drinks: Water Tea Milk Orange Juice Coffee
Cigarettes: Kool Chesterfield Old Gold Lucky Strike Parliament

6. Judy jogs, Patty plays racquetball, Jack plays tennis and Ed is the golfer.

7. In order from the left: Ace of Hearts, Jack of Clubs, King of Diamonds.

8. From largest to smallest the balls are: yellow, ten pounds; green, two
pounds; red, 20 pounds; blue, four pounds.
102 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LoGIC AND REASONING

9. Finish Car Car Number Driver

1 Triumph 2 Italian
2 Volkswagen 4 Englishman
3 Fiat 5 American
4 Nissan 1 German
5 Chevy 3 Japanese

10. New Year's Day- Ed and Patty Peebles

Valentine's Day - Jack and Judy Vance
Washington's Birthday- Dick and Carol Palmquist
St. Patrick's Day - Al and Betty May
Fourth of July - Harry and Lynn Marmot

11. The tallest was Ed. Behind him, in order, were: Van, Ian, Todd, Ike, Sal,
Ned, Al, Red and Ted.

12. Smith.

13. Eric - Rover the collie

Bernie - Spot the terrier
Bart - Fido the spaniel
Sid - Bowser the basset
Ralph - Snoopy the poodle

14. Sitting clockwise in the order listed below were:

First Name Last Name Company Business Ranking
Allen Oliver Westman boilers 6
Susan Jones Avalon computers 5
Henry Stein Glen sewing machines 1
Dorothy Brooks Maxim clothing 4
Bill Blank Diesel shipping 2
Nancy Goldberg Tyson printing 3

15. Five girls came to the party: Abbie, Blanche, Dottie, Frances and Helen.

VIII: WORD PUZZLES AND GAMES

A. Puzzles

1. Time, item, mite, emit.

2. Some possibilities: art, rat, tar; arm, ram, mar; ate, eat, tea; ort, rot, tor;
own, now, won; alp, lap, pal; pot, top, opt; apt, tap, pat.

3. Strengths.
 ANSWERS 103

4. Esses.

5. N. The series contains the first letters of the names of the natural num-
bers. Nine would be next.

6. P. The series contains the first letters of the names of the planets of our
solar system from the sun outward. Pluto is next (and last).

7. Syzygy.

8. Month and orange are probably the most common, among many others.

9. "John, while James had had 'had,' had had 'had had;' 'had had' had had a
better effect on the teacher."

10. They each contain three letters in alphabetical order: DEFt, fiRST, etc.

ll. "Facetious" is the most common.

12. Bookkeeper.

13. Hungry, angry, sangria, mangrove, stingray, tangram, engross, ungrate-

ful and engrave are among the more common examples.

14. a. We'd weed. n. lean lien.

b. beat beet. o. be Bea Bee.
c. 'Night, Knight. p. Lite light.
d. Aunt ant. q. Len's lens.
e. Crews' cruise. r. merry Mary marry.
f. Banned band. s. towed Toad.
g. bizarre bazaar. t. hairy Harry.
h. They're there. u. sword soared.
i. pale pail. v. sore 'saur.
j. Cents sense scents. w. beau's bows; Maid made.
k. wholly holy. x. yew you, Ewe.
I. eight ate. Y· preys, prays praise.
m. pare a pear pair. z. roamin' Roman; rime rhyme!

15. Shoes, socks, stockings, sandals, slippers, sneakers, skates, skis, snow-
shoes.

16. A fool and his money soon part.

17. A. Groups
a. murder e. rafter i. peep/brood
b. clowder f. smack j. crash
c. leap g. skulk k. paddling
d. sloth h. labor 1. siege
104 PuzzLEs AND GAMES IN Loc1c AND REASONING

m. rag y. exaltation kk. building

n. drift z. pod II. murmuration
o. charm aa. company mm. congregation
p. trip bb. bazaar nn. fall
q. knot cc. covey oo. mye
r. shrewdness dd. desert pp. herd
s. parliament ee. skein qq. bevy
t. troop ff. sord rr. wisp
u. gaggle gg. covert ss. host
v. pride hh . flight tt. cast
w. watch ii. spring uu. school
x. muster jj. plump w. flamboyance
B. Males
a. Bull c. Gander e. Drake g. Stallion i. Tom
b. Rooster d. Stag-'Buck f. Boar h. Billy j. Ram
C. Females
a. Tigress c. Mare e. Doe g. Cow i. Bitch
b. Ewe d. Vixen f. Hen h. Sow j. Nanny
D. Young
a. Cub f. Chick k. Gosling P· Fry
b. Lamb g. Foal I. Squab q. Pup
c. Duckling h. Calf m. Piglet r. Calf
d. Tadpole i. Fawn n. Kid s. Cub
e. Cygnet j. Kitten o. Joey t. Pup

E. Sounds
a. Roar f. Howl k. Cluck p. Hoot
b. Squeal g. Caw/Croak I. Crow q. Meow/Mew
c. Bleat h. Hiss/Blow m. Croak r. Bark
d. Moo/Low i. Bray n. Coo s. Whinny/Neigh
e. Quack j. Honk o. Trumpet t. Scream

18. "Contents" (C on 10 Ts).

19. I came up with seven (there are probably more): pat, pet, pit, pot, put;
bat, bet, bit, bot, but; tan, ten, tin, ton, tun; bag, beg, big, bog, bug; pap, pep,
pip, pop, pup; rat, ret, rit, rot, rut; clan, den, din, don, dun.
If you can accept "bod," both a British and American slang term, and "gat"
and "git," both American slang terms, then the letters b-d and g-t also qualify.
D-b doesn't quite do it-dibs has no singular form. M-t is close too, but mitt is
the correct spelling. F-n is disqualified because Fon is a proper noun.

20. Whatever is, is; whatever is not, is not-is not that so?

21. Moses is the daughter-of-Pharaoh's son.

 ANSWERS 105

22. Plurals.
folios deer alumni soliloquies
sons-in-law lassos or lassoes calves mesdames
talismans analyses moneys crises
mottoes or mottos Ottomans alumnae man-clerks
courts-martial replies spoonfuls virtuosi

23. Kangaroo Words.

a. vacate e. rascal i. rage m. joy
b. urge f. idle j. mates n. can
c. sue g. prate k. ramble o. rules
d. lies h. divers I. pinned p. car

24. Twisters.
a. 1. loops; 2. sloop; 3. pools; 4. spool
b. 1. danger; 2. garden; 3. gander; 4. ranged
c. 1. tassel; 2. stales; 3. steals; 4. slates
d. 1. lament; 2. mantel; 3. mantle; 4. mental
e. 1. stare; 2. tears; 3. tares; 4. rates; 5. resat
f. 1. item; 2. mite; 3. time; 4. emit
g. 1. amen; 2. name; 3. mane
h. 1. pool; 2. polo; 3. loop
i. 1. swore; 2. sower; 3. owers; 4. worse
j. 1. lair; 2. rail; 3. liar; 4. aril
k. 1. adders; 2. readds; 3. dreads; 4. sadder
I. 1. passer; 2. sparse; 3. spears; 4. spares
m. 1. Edam; 2. dame; 3. mead; 4. made
n. 1. fowl; 2. flow; 3. wolf
o. 1. dare; 2. dear; 3. read
p. 1. lame; 2. male; 3. meal
q. 1. leap; 2. peal; 3. pale
r. 1. acre; 2. race; 3. care
s. 1. seat; 2. East; 3. sate
t. 1. softer; 2. forest; 3. foster; 4. fortes
u. 1. lose; 2. sole; 3. sloe; 4. Leos
v. 1. spear; 2. pears; 3. rapes; 4. reaps; 5. apers; 6. pares; 7. spare;
8. parse
w. 1. tame; 2. team; 3. meat; 4. mate
x. 1. arm; 2. Ram; 3. mar
y. 1. star; 2. rats; 3. tars; 4. arts
z. 1. edit; 2; diet; 3. tide
aa. 1. own; 2. won; 3. now
bb. 1. tea; 2. eat; 3. ate
106 PtlzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

25. Reading down, w c H S

I 0 0 0
L M M 0
L E E N

26. GUJ. The first letters of each group are the consonants alphabetically.
The second letters are the vowels alphabetically. The third letters are consonants
in order again, beginning with D .

27. Amalgam, setose, iconoclastic, retire, church, enliven, onion, periscope,

tomato and staunchest are just a few of a long list.

B. Games
Answers given with game explanations

IX: DETECTOPUZZLES
1. No one told Vance his ex-wife had been shot, yet his first words on en-
tering the hospital were, "Who shot her?" Unless he had prior knowledge of the
shooting, he could not have known. He later confessed to the crime. Apparently
an ex-wife was not good enough for Vance. He wanted to make her an ex-
human!

2. With the fog so thick visibility was only a couple of feet, and not knowing
where in the city he was, Harry could not possibly have known when he came to
the middle of a block!

3. The note, although roughly scrawled, poorly worded, and containing many
misspelled words, was punctuated correctly. The semicolon, especially, would
only have been used by an educated man. As it turned out, the murderer was a
professor at the local college who found out the mayor was having an affair with
his wife. "It really doesn't pay to mess around,'' Marmot thought, as he closed
the book on another case.

4. It was doubtful that Peebles had memorized the police department num-
ber, and even if he had, it would have been very difficult to dial it in the dark
No, Peebles was greedy and needed the money to cover large losses in the com-
modities market. He was subsequently put away where he didn't have to worry
about room and board for a number of years.

5. The murderer made two mistakes: The first was not discovering the hastily
scrawled note at the end of the letter. The second, which confirmed to Marmot
that Skube had, indeed, been murdered, was a case of the murderer being too
neat. Skube's pen was found in the holder, and since it, instead of the gun, should
have been in his hand at the time of his death (he died while writing the unfin-
ished note), someone must have removed it and put it in the penholder before
 ANSWERS 107

placing the gun in Skube's hand. Yes, Skube was right-handed. Poor Miss Chase
was found innocent. The murderer was found to be an old Navy acquaintance of
Skube's who had tried unsuccessfully to blackmail him about his dubious past
and, in frustration, killed him.

6. Even though the corridor was lighted, from Maude's vantage point she
could only have seen Bitsy's back. She therefore would have been unable to tell
she was wearing the emerald pendant.

7. Since Bloore's boat was in a dead calm, the flag at the top of the mast
would have hung limp, and the Lercara's captain would not have been able to
see that it was upside down.

8. The ticket-taker told Harry that the young woman had slumped over when
he shook her. Since she had died instantly, the centrifugal force of the merry-go-
round would have made her topple over before the ticket-taker got to her. Harry
saw immediately that he was lying and had Rhonda get the police to arrest the
man for the young woman's murder, for which he was subsequently convicted.

9. A. There was no way a burglar could have attached a rope ladder to the
inside sill of a closed window.
B. When Madam took off her clothes (as the nurse claimed), her dress would
have been at the bottom of the pile of clothes, not the top.
C. Since the men were not listed in order of their heinous deeds, the mur-
derer must have been Bertram.

IO. Harry had failed to find any buttons in the rubble. Completed suits would
have had buttons, and though the plastic ones might have melted and burned in
the fire, some of them WC>uld have been unaffected and metal buttons would not
have been destroyed at all.

11. Harry found crumbs on only one chair-that closest to the dead girl. The
only one of the five whose costume would not have covered the chair, and thus
allow the presence of crumbs, was Robin Hood.

12. After going to three other rooms before he claimed to find his wife's
body, the carpeting would have removed all the mud on Von Shope's shoes so
he would not have had any mud left to leave footprints in the bedroom. Therefore,
he must have entered the bedroom through the window and murdered his wife,
leaving the muddy footprints by her body.

13. The case was simple, as Harry claimed. Since the door to the laboratory
was locked from the inside, and no access was possible through the barred win·
dows, the professor had committed suicide.

14. Since only Blake and Giddens had been in the room before Giddens' fa-
tal plunge, Blake must have been guilty of murder. If Giddens had committed
108 PuzzLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

suicide, the window in the room would have been open when Blodgett entered
the room.

15. The man had died instantly, and if he had shot himself, must have used
his right hand to inflict the wound in his right temple. Since his right hand was
found holding the love note and not the gun, his jealous wife must have shot him.

16. From the clues given, neither Date nor Cherry could have been either
the leader or the killer. Since Banana was not the leader, he must have been the
killer, and Apple was the leader.

17. Poor Cecelia must have been murdered by her fiance-his story just
wouldn't hold water! If the accident had happened as he related it, her hat and
the paddle would have been found far downstream, carried there by the current
of the river. He had probably used the other paddle to propel the canoe where
it could not be found, sunk it, and walked back to the dock, where he feigned
exhaustion.

1_8. Only the murderer could have known that Kris had been stabbed before
the autopsy revealed the fact. Since George had an air-tight alibi, the writer of
the note must have murdered Kris.

X: MISCELLANEOUS GAMES AND PUZZLES

A. Sports Teams

I. Football
Atlanta Falcons (20); Buffalo Bills (13); Carolina Panthers (29); Chicago Bears
(28); Cincinnati Bengals (26); Cleveland Browns (14); Dallas Cowboys (l); Denver
Broncos (5); Detroit Lions (18); Green Bay Packers (10); Houston Oilers (22);
Indianapolis Colts (7); Jacksonville Jaguars (30); Kansas City Chiefs (23); Miami
Dolphins (9); Minnesota Vikings (12); New England Patriots (17); New Orleans
Saints (24); New York (AFC) Jets (6); New York (NFC) Giants (25); Oakland
Raiders (11); Philadelphia Eagles (16); Phoenix Cardinals (3); Pittsburgh Steelers
(4); St. Louis Rams (21); San Diego Chargers (2); San Francisco 49ers (19); Seattle
Seahawks (27); Tampa Bay Buccaneers (8); Washington Redskins (15)

II. Baseball
Atlanta Braves (2); Baltimore Orioles (10); Boston Red Sox (21); California
Angels (13); Chicago (AL) White Sox (5); Chicago (NL) Cubs (20); Cincinnati
Reds (l); Cleveland Indians (22); Colorado Rockies (28); Detroit Tigers (14);
Florida Marlins (27); Houston Astros (23); Kansas City Royals (15); Los Angeles
Dodgers (6); Milwaukee Brewers (11); Minnesota Twins (18); Montreal Expos
(4); New York (AL) Yankees (24); New York (NL) Mets (3); Oakland Athletics
(7); Philadelphia Phillies (25); Pittsburgh Pirates (8); San Diego Padres (16); San
 ANSWERS 109

Francisco Giants (12); Seattle Mariners (26); St. Louis Cardinals (17); Texas
Rangers (9); Toronto Blue Jays (19)

III. Basketball
Atlanta Hawks (24); Boston Celtics (15); Charlotte Hornets (26); Chicago Bulls
(21); Cleveland Cavaliers (27); Dallas Mavericks (10); Denver Nuggets (14);
Detroit Pistons (22); Golden State Warriors (4); Houston Rockets (11); Indiana
Pacers (25); Los Angeles (ex-M.) Lakers (2); Los Angeles (ex-S.D.) Clippers (6);
Miami Heat (20); Milwaukee Bucks (23); Minnesota Timberwolves (12); New
Jersey Nets (19); New York Knickerbockers (17); Orlando Magic (13);
Philadelphia 76ers (16); Phoenix Suns (3); Portland Trailblazers (l); Sacramento
Kings (7); San Antonio Spurs (8); Seattle Supersonics (5); Toronto Raptors (28);
Utah Jazz (9); Vancouver Grizzlies (29); Washington Bullets (18)

JV. Hockey
Anaheim Mighty Ducks (25); Boston Bruins (7); Buffalo Sabres (9); Calgary
Flames (18); Chicago Black Hawks (12); Colorado Avalanche (26); Dallas Stars
(22); Detroit Red Wings (14); Edmonton Oilers (19); Florida Panthers (11);
Hartford Whalers (10); Los Angeles Kings (17); Montreal Canadiens (8); New
Jersey Devils (4); New York (newest) Islanders (6); New York (oldest) Rangers
(l); Ottawa Senators (23); Philadelphia Flyers (2); Pittsburgh Penguins (3); St.
Louis Blues (13); San Jose Sharks (23); Tampa Bay Lightning (15); Toronto Maple
Leafs (16); Vancouver Canucks (20); Washington Capitals (5); Winnipeg Jets (21)

B. Monster Movies
I. Werewolf 12. Martians 23. Apes

2. Frankenstein 13. Ghoul 24. Triffids

3. Creature 14. Cat 25. Cyclops

4. Body Snatchers 15. It 26. Children

5. Ghosts 16. Zombie 27. Thing

6. Phantom 17. Demon 28. Madrrian

7. Monster 18. Hunchback 29. Witch

8. Jekyll 19. Vampire 30. Mole

9. Dracula 20. Mummy 31. Boogie Man

10. Beast 21. Mantis 32. Devil

11. Living Dead 22. Strangler

llO PuZZLES AND GAMES IN LOGIC AND REASONING

c. Brain Teasers
I. Head over heels in love 46. Man overboard
2. Beat around the bush 47. Long undeIWear
3. Miles apart 48. Mind over matter
4. Hair standing on end 49. Tricycle
5. Keep it under your hat 50. Reading between the lines
6. Six of one, half a dozen of another 51. Crossroads
7. Right in the middle of 52. Growing pains
everything 53. Split pea soup
8. One after another 54. Trafalgar Square
9. Broken engagement 55. Backgammon
IO. Life begins at forty (4T) 56. Split-second timing
II. Banana split 57. Bend over backwards
I2. Double exposure 58. A bad spell of weather
I3. A foot in the door 59, Long time no see you (no
I4. A hole in one c, u)
I5. Double trouble 60. Sun breaking through the
I6. Tied up in knots clouds
17. When in doubt(,) don't 61. Darkness falling on the
I8. A stitch in time world
I9. Chicken soup 62. Low overhead operation
20. Ring around the collar 63. Breaks in the overcast
2I. Scrambled eggs 64. Tea for two
22. Seeing double 65. Something in my eye
23. Fork in the road 66. Bow ties
24. One if by land, two if by sea 67. Split level
25. Tom between two lovers 68. Paradise
26. Dog in the manger 69. G.I. overseas
27. Cheerios 70. Tooth decay
28. One more river to cross 71. Counterclockwise
29. Fortune's smiling on me 72. Round-trip ticket
30. Seasoning 73. Not up to par
3I. The Lone Ranger 74. ??? Let me know the an-
32. Bent over double swer!
33. Dark circles under the eyes 75. Split ends
34. Backward glances 76. Sawed-off shotgun
35. Six feet under ground 77. A bad back
36. See-through blouse 78. Down and out
37. Neon lights 79. No U tum
38. Three degrees below zero 80. Get up and go
39. Just between you and me 81. Eyes in the sky
40. Touchdown 82. Doctor Doolittle
41. Upside down cake 83. Lie in wait
42. Shrinking violet 84. Back to school
43. Tum of the century 85. Too few and far
44. Unfinished symphony between
45. Abridged dictionary 86. Oh, my aching back!
 ANSWERS lll

D. English Translations
1. Beauty is only skin deep.
2. Twinkle, twinkle, little star.
3. Birds of a feather flock together.
4. Look before you leap.
3. Don't cry over spilt milk.
6. Cleanliness is next to godliness.
7. The pen is mightier than the sword.
8. You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
9. Spare the rod and spoil the child.
10. A watched pot never boils.
11. Beginner's luck.
12. Dead men tell no tales.
13. People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.
14. Everything that glitters is not gold.
15. Where there is smoke, there is fire.
16. Beggars can't be choosers.
17. Too many cooks spoils the broth.
18. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
19. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
20. He who laughs last, laughs best.
21. Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.
22. Close only counts in horseshoes (also in hand grenades and slow dancing!).
23. A wink is as good as a nod to a blind horse.
24. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
25. Charity begins at home.
26. Avoid confusion!
27. A stitch in time saves nine.
28. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
29. Early to bed, early to rise,
Makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
30. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
31. Misery loves company.
32. Every cloud has a silver lining.
33. Many hands make light work.
34. Half a loaf is better than none.
35. A miss is as good as a mile.
36. A little learning is a dangerous thing.
37. Time and tide wait for no man.
38. Waste not, want not.
39. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
40. You can't judge a book by its cover.

E. Hidden Animals
1. Antelope 3. Lion 3. Reindeer
2. Tiger 4. Adder 6. Bushmaster
112 PuZZLES AND GAMES IN LoGIC AND REASONING

7. Kutlu 15. Bear 23. Panther

8. Wild Boar 16. Weasel (wee cell) 24. Kangaroo (can guru)
9. Zebra 17. Fruit Bat 25. Porcupine
10. Viper 18. Skunk 26. Flycatcher
11. Copperhead 19. Chinchilla 27. Chipmunk
12. Crocodile 20. Jaguar (JAG war) 28. Tern
13. Tapir 21. Egret (regret - r) 29. Gopher (go fur!)
14. Hyena 22. Jack Rabbit 30. Ocelot (Oz a lot)

F. The State of Affairs

1. Missouri 8. Alaska 15. 1 Connecticut
2. Texas 9. Nevada 16. Ohio
3. Iowa 10. Vermont 17. N. Carolina
4. Maine 11. Florida 18. Montana
5. Utah 12. Indiana 19. Kentucky
6. Idaho 13. Delaware 20. Virginia
7. Oregon 14. Colorado

G. Presidents in Hiding

1. I used to think the easiest letter to write is "en." How erroneous of me!
How can I stay "Lord of Letters" with mistakes like that?

2. "OK, fall in!" Col. Nelson yelled, the silence broken. "Ned. you're on duty
today, John's on duty tomorrow and Jack's on duty Friday."

3. Madam spilled salmon roe on her polka-dot dress. But. after all, the wash-
ing tonight should make it good as new.

4. I'm a nomad and a nomad is on the go. I was in Phoenix on Sunday and
in Omaha yesterday. Now I'm really bushed, and I don't know whether to
stop off or drive on. If it stayed cool, I'd get going again.

5. The local area ganjg ran to fill more cups with hot rum and sugar. Field
music was heard to echo over the orchard in grand s~eading, musi£..
art erupted on a basic level and made for a happier celebration.

H. Acronymania
1. Letters of the alphabet 9. Piano keys
2. Ounces in a pound 10. Stripes on the American flag
3. Arabian Nights 11. Degrees Fahrenheit at which
4. Signs of the Zodiac water freezes
5. Cards in a deck (including jokers) 12. Holes on a golf course
6. Coins in the fountain 13. Sides on the Pentagon
7. Books in the Bible 14. Legs on a Black Widow spider
8. Planets in our solar system 15. Degrees in a right angle
 ANSWERS 113

16. Dollars for passing go in 40. Brides for brothers

Monopoly 41. Dots on a die
17. Winds and Seas 42. Wonders of the Ancient World
18. Sides on a stop sign (this stops 43. Fingers on a hand (human)
most people!) 44. Feet in a mile
19. Men on the dead man's chest 45. Wives of Henry the Eighth
20. Blind mice (see how they run) 46. Years that Rip Van Winkle slept
21. Quarts in a gallon 47. Dalmatians
22. Hours in a day 48. Hills of Rome
23. Wheel on a unicycle 49. Inches in a yard
24. Digits in a zip code 50. Thieves (with Ali Baba)
25. Heinz varieties 51. Days hath September, April,
26. Points for a field goal in football June and November
27. Words that a picture is worth 52. Day at a time
28. Days in February in a leap year 53. Articles in the Bill of Rights
29. Squares on a chessboard 54. Members of the House of
30. Players on a football team Representatives
31. Baker's dozen 55. Ice cream flavors at Baskin-
32. Days and nights of the Great Robbins
Flood 56. Turtledoves (and a partridge in
33. Trombones led the big parade a pear tree)
34. Ways to leave your lover 57. Horsemen of the Apocalypse
35. Pockets in a pool table 58. Leagues under the sea
36. Bottles of beer on the wall 59. Innings in a baseball game
37. Seconds in a minute 60. Signers of the Declaration of
38. Horn on a unicorn Independence
39. Justices on the Supreme Court
GAMES/PUZZLES

PUZZLES AND GAMES

IN LOGIC
AND REASONING
Terry M. Badger

A man looks at a picture on the wall and says, "Brothers and sisters have I none, hut
this man's father is my father's son." At whose portrait is the man looking?

Answer: At the portrait of his son.-Puzzle #29 from Chapter I, "Logic Puzzles"

If you like puzzles and games that test your common sense, your skills as a Sherlock
Holmes or Perry Mason, your way with words or your expertise with numbers, look
no further. This superb collection of 245 brain teasers will keep you happily puzzled
hour after hour.

You'll find 38 puzzles to test your powers of logic and 18 more that offer clues to
crimes and mysteries you must solve. There are also 31 word puzzles and games, 19
spatial puzzles that require manipulation of geometric figures and lines, and 45
advanced puzzles requiring some familiarity with basic math, algebra and the
game of bridge.

Like charades, the 19 "situation puzzles" are best played in a group where the leader
knows the answer, and other players ask questions which the leader can only
answer with a "yes" or "no." There are nine more exciting group games as well, and
40 fun puzzles and riddles guaranteed to keep beginning puzzlers on their toes-
and laughing. Twenty-six other perplexing puzzles on varying themes complete this
blue-ribbon collection. Answers to every puzzle are printed in the hack of the hook.

Are you ready? Sharpen your wits, turn to Chapter I-and let the fun begin!

PRINTED IN THE USA

978- 0- 486- 28583- 2
0-486 - 28583-9

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