LESSON 9
Functions of
the Judicial
Branch
What is the Judiciary?
The Judicial branch of the
government is the primary agency
that handles matters concerning
settlement of issues regarding the
rights and interpretation of law.
What is the Judicial Power?
The power of the judiciary rests on
the Supreme Court and the lower
courts, which include the Court of
Appeals, Sandiganbayan, down to
the Regional Trial Court, the
Metropolitan Trial Court, and
Municipal Trial Court.
What is the Judicial Power?
Power and duty of courts of justice
to interpret and to apply the laws.
What is a Court?
It is a body to which the public
administration of justice is
delegated.
Scope of Judicial Power
Adjudicatory Power- includes the duty of
courts of justic.
a. To settle actual controversies involving
rights which are legally demandable
b. To determine whether there has been
grave abuse of discretion amounting to
lack or excess of jurisdiction
Grave Abuse of Discretion – lack of
authority to act on the matter in dispute
Scope of Judicial Power
2. Power of Judicial Review
a. To pass upon validity or
constitutionality of the laws of the state
and the acts of the other departments of
the government
b. To interpret them
c. To render binding judgments
Scope of Judicial Power
3. Incidental Powers
necessary to the effective discharge
of the judicial functions
Powers of the Judiciary
A.Settle disputes concerning consuls
or diplomats - They enjoy immunity
from domestic suits or cases
B.Petition for Certiorari - Special
civil action requesting a lower court
or body to transmit the records to
the superior court for review
Powers of the Judiciary
C. Prohibition - Writ by which the
superior court prohibits the lower
court or body to stop further
proceedings
D. Mandamus - Order by a superior
court to a lower court to do perform
a certain act which it is bound to do
so
Powers of the Judiciary
E. Quo Warranto - Action by the
government to recover an office or
franchise from an individual
unlawfully holding it
F. Automatic Review of Cases
sentenced by lower court with
Reclusion Perpetua or Death Penalty
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
A. Supreme Court
The highest court in the Philippines.
It has an administrative supervision over
all courts and the personnel.
Authorized to promulgate the rules for
admission to the practice of law, for legal
assistance to the underprivileged, and the
procedural rules to be observed in all
courts.
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
A. Supreme Court
Some of the functions of the Supreme
Court:
1. The Supreme Court primarily handles the
cases of ambassadors, other public
ministers, and consuls.
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
A. Supreme Court
Some of the functions of the Supreme
Court:
2. Review, affirm, reverse, or amend the the decision
of lower courts on certain cases that may concern
the constitutionality or validity of international
agreement and presidential decrees, questionable
decisions or processes of the lower courts, cases
which are punishable by lifetime imprisonment,
error or question of law, among others.
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
A. Supreme Court
Some of the functions of the Supreme
Court:
3. Appointments of judges, officials, and
employees of the judiciary.
4. Create and disseminate rules and
procedures concerning the processes in
legal courts as well as the membership to
the Bar.
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
A. Supreme Court
It is composed of:
1 Chief Justice
14 Associate Justices
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
B. Court of Appeals
1.) 69 Justices
2.) Headed by presiding Justice which
Operates in 23 divisions each comprising
3 members
3.) The Courts sits en banc only to
exercise administrative, ceremonial, or
other no-adjudicatory functions
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
C. Regional Trial Court
presided by 720 Regional Trial Judges in
each of 13 Regions in the Country.
D. Shari’ a District Courts
presided by 720 Regional Trial Judges in
each of 13 Regions in the Country.
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
E. Municipal Trial Court
F. Metropolitan Trial Court
This are judicial courts of the Philippine
Judicial System which covers two or more
municipalities in the country
Organizations of Courts
1. REGULAR COURTS
G. Metropolitan Circuit Trial Court
in the towns and cities in the Metropolitan
Manila area, as distinguished from the
other political subdivisions in the
Philippines.
H. Shari’ a Circuit Courts (same privileges
with the Municipal Circuit Courts)
Organizations of Courts
2. SPECIAL COURTS
a. Sandiganbayan
14 Justices which operates in 5 divisions
each comprising 3 members
tries and decides criminal and civil cases
against government officials and
employees accused of graft and
corruption and similar other cases.
Organizations of Courts
2. SPECIAL COURTS
b. Court of Tax Appeals (Hukuman ng
Paghahabol sa Buwis ng Pilipinas)
It is the special court of limited jurisdiction,
and has the same level with the Court of
Appeals.
5 Justices and a Presiding Justices
created under R.A. no. 1125 as amended by R.A.
no. 9282, which has exclusive appellate
jurisdiction to review on appeal concerning
internal revenue taxes and decisions.
