Velammal IIT Academy
Mogappair-Mel Ayanambakkam (Chennai)
XI IIT Chemistry-Chemical Bonding (MOT) HW -5
1. Find out the bond order of :
(a) H2 (b) H2+ (c) He2 (d) Li2 (e) Be2 (f) B2
Ans. (a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 0 (d) 1 (e) 0 (f) 1
Sol. (a) Hydrogen molecule (H2) : H2 : (1s)2
Nb Na 2 0
Its bond order, therefore, is = 1
2 2
(b) Cation of hydrogen molecule (H2+) : H2+ : (1s)1
Its bond order, therefore, is = 1/2 (1 – 0) = 1/2
(c) Helium molecule (He2) : He2 : (1s)2 (*1s)2
Its bond order, therefore, is ½(2 – 2) = 0
(d) Lithium molecule (Li2) : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2
Its bond order, therefore, is 1/2(4 – 2) = 1.
(e) Beryllium (Be2) : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2
Its bond order, therefore, is 1/2(4 – 4) = 0.
(f) Boron (B2) : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p1x = 2p1y) (pz)0
Its bond order, therefore, is 1/2(6 – 4) = 1.
2. Identify the molecules or atoms or ions from the following molecular orbital energy level formulations. The
species should be selected from (B2, C2, O22+, O2, F2, N2)
2 * 2 1 1
(a) KK ( 2s) ( 2s) ( 2p x ) ( 2p y )
2 * 2 2 2
(b) KK ( 2s) ( 2s) ( 2p x ) (2p y )
2 * 2 2 2 2
(c) KK ( 2s) ( 2s) ( 2p z ) ( 2p x ) ( 2p y )
2 * 2 2 2 1 * 1
(d) KK ( 2s) ( 2s) ( 2p z ) ( 2p x ) ( 2p y ) ( 2p x ) ( 2p y )
2 * 2 2 2 2 2 * 2
(e) KK ( 2s) ( 2s) ( 2p z ) ( 2p x ) ( 2p y ) ( 2p x ) ( 2p y )
2 * 2 2 2 2
(f) KK σ ( 2s) σ ( 2s) π(2p y ) ( 2p x ) σ( 2p z )
Ans. (a) B2 (b) C2 (c) O22+ (d) O2 , (e) F2 (f) N2
3. What is the bond order of underlined species in NO [BF4]?
Ans. 3
Sol. Complex exists as NO+ and [BF4]– . NO+ is isoelectronic with N2 ; so 1s2, *1s2, 2s2, *2s2, 2p2x = 2p2y,
10 – 4
2pz2 , then its bond order is =3
2
4. How would you explain that B2 molecule is not diamagnetic?
Sol. Boron (B2) : B2 is a good example of the energy level shift caused by the mixing of s and p orbitals. In the
absence of mixing, the g (2p) orbital is expected to be lower in energy than the u(2p) orbitals and the
resulting molecule would be diamagnetic. However, mixing of the g(2s) orbital with the g(2p) orbital lowers
the energy of the g(2s) orbital and increases the energy of the g(2p) orbital to a higher level than the
orbitals, giving the order of energies shown below. As a result, the last two electrons are unpaired in the
degenerate (having the same energy) orbitals, and the molecule is paramagnetic.
(1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p1x = 2p1y) (pz)0.
5. Explain why NO+ is more stable towards dissociation into its atoms than NO ?
Sol. NO+ and NO are derivative of N2 ; so NO+ bond order = 3 and NO bond order = 2.5 ; B.O. bond strength.
6. Which of the following are gerade molecular orbitals?
(i) *2s (ii) 2pz (iii) 2py (iv) *2px
Ans. (ii) & (iv)
7. Arrange following compounds in the order of increasing order of O–O bond length.
(i) O2 (ii) O2[BF4] (iii) KO2
Ans. O–O bond length order is ii < i < iii
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8. During the formation of a molecular orbital from atomic orbitals of the same atom, probability of electron
density is :
(A) none zero in the nodal plane (B) maximum in the nodal plane
(C*) zero in the nodal plane (D) zero on the surface of the lobe
Sol. The electron density is zero in the nodal plane during the formation of a molecular orbital from atomic orbitals
of the same atom.
9. If Z-axis is the molecular axis, then -molecular orbitals are formed by the overlap of
(A) s + pz (B) px + py (C) pz + pz (D*) px + px
10. Bond order is a concept in the molecular orbital theory. It depends on the number of electrons in the bonding
and antibonding orbitals. Which of the following statements is true about it ? The bond order
(A) Can have a negative quantity
(B) Has always an integral value
(C*) Can assume any positive or integral or fractional value including zero
(D) Is a non zero quantity
11 Which of the following pairs have identical values of bond order ?
(A*) N2+ and O2+ (B) F2 and Ne2 (C) O2 and B2 (D) C2 and N2
Sol. (A) Bond order of N2+ = 2.5 ; The bond order of O2+ 1/2(10 – 5) = 2.5.
(B) Bond order of F2 = 1 ; The bond order of Ne2 = 0.
(C) Bond order of O2 = 2 ; The bond order of B2 = 1.
(D) Bond order of C2 = 2 ; The bond order of N2 = 3.
12. Which of the following molecules/ions exhibit sp mixing?
(A) B2 (B) C22– (C) O2+ (D*) Both (A) and (B)
13. The common features of the species N22– , O2 and NO– are :
(A) bond order three and isoelectronic. (B*) bond order two and isoelectronic.
(C) bond order three but not isoelectronic. (D) bond order two but not isoelectronic.
Sol. N22– : 1s2 *1s2 2s2 *2s2 2px2 2py2 2pz2 2px1 *2py1.
10 – 6 10 – 6
B.O. N22– = = 2. ; B.O. O2 = = 2.
2 2
10 – 6
NO– isoelectronic with O2 so B.O. = = 2.
2
All have same number of electrons (i.e. 16) so isoelectronic.
14. Which of the following molecular orbitals has two nodal planes
(B) 2p y
*
(A) 2s (C*) 2p y (D) * 2p x
15. Among the following species, which has the minimum bond length ?
(A) B2 (B*) C2 (C) F2 (D) O2–
Sol. B2 bond order = 1 ; C2 bond order = 2 ; F2 bond order = 1 ; O2 bond order = 1.5
–
bond order 1/bond length.
B2 ca/kØe = 1 ; C2 ca/k Øe = 2 ; F2 ca/k Øe = 1 ; O2– ca/k Øe = 1.5
ca/k Øe 1/ca/k yEckbZ
16. Which of the following species is paramagnetic ?
(A*) NO– (B) O22– (C) CN– (D) CO
Sol. (A) NO is derivative of O2 and isoelectronic with O2.
–
So (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px1 = *2p1y) and 2 unpaired electrons.
(B) O22– : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px2 = *2p2y) and no unpaired electrons.
(C) CN– is derivative of and isoelectronic with N2 : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) 2pz)2 and no
unpaired electron.
(D) CO is derivative of and isoelectronic with N2 : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) 2pz)2 and no
unpaired electron.
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17. The following molecules / species have been arranged in the order of their increasing bond orders, Identify the
correct order.
(I) O2 ; (II) O2– ; (III) O22- ; (IV) O2+
(A*) I I I < I I < I < IV (B) IV < I I I < I I < I (C) I I I < I I < IV < I (D) I I < I I I < I < IV
Sol. O2 O2– O22– O2+
Bond Order 2 1.5 1 2.5
18. Which one is paramagnetic from the following
(A) O2– (B) NO (C*) Both (A) and (B) (D) CN–
19. Which of the following orders is correct in respect of bond dissociation energy ?
(A) N2+ > N2– (B) O2+ > O3 (C) NO+ > NO (D*) All of these
Sol. From MOT & bond order values.
MOT o ca/k Øe ekuks ls
20. S1 The HOMO in F2– is *2px = *2py molecular orbitals.
S2 Bond order of O2– is more then O2+ .
S3 NO+ is more stable than N2+
S4 C2 is more stable than C2+
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
(A) FFFT (B) FTTT (C) FTFT (D*) FFTT
21. Match the following :
Column – I Column – II
(A) O2 and NO– (p) Same magnetic property and bond order as that in N2+
(B) O2+ and NO (q) Same bond order but not same magnetic property as that in O2
(C) CO and CN– (r) Same magnetic property and bond order as that N22 –
(D) C2 and CN+ (s) Same magnetic property and bond order as that in NO+
Ans. (A – r) ; (B – p) ; (C – s) ; (D – q)
22. Number of antibonding electrons in N2 is :
(A*) 4 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 14
Sol. (1s) (*1s) (2s) (*2s) (2p x = 2p y ) 2pz) ; number of anti bonding electrons in N2 is 4.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
* represents antibonding molecular orbitals.
23. Following is the molecular orbital configuration of a diatomic molecule
2p2y
1s2 * 1s2 2s2 * 2s2 2p 2x
2pz
2
Its bond order is
bldk ca/k Øe gS %
(A*) 3 (B) 2.5 (C) 2 (D) 1
10 4 6
Sol. B.O. ca/k Øe = = =3
2 2
24. The bond order of He2 molecule ion is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 1/2 (D) 1/4
2 1 1
Sol. He = (1s2)(1*s1) B.O. = =
2 2 2
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25. Which species can exist among the following :
(A*) B2 (B) Be2 (C) Ne2 (D) He2
Sol. B2 : (1s) ( 1s) ( 2s) ( 2s)2(2Px1 = 2Py1)
2 2 2
54 1
B.O. ca/k Øe = = >0
2 2
Rest all have zero B.O.
26. Among the following which one will have the largest O – O bond length ?
(A) KO2 (B) O2 (C) O2+ [AsF6] – (D*) K2O2
Sol. (A) O2 B.O = 1½
–
(B) O2 B.O = 2 (C) O2+ = 2½ (D) O22 – = 1
1
Bond order
bond length
27. The correct order in which the O–O bond length increases in the following is :
(A) H2O2 < O2 < O3 (B) O2 < H2O2 < O3 (C*) O2 < O3 < H2O2 (D) O3 < H2O2 < O2
1
Sol. B.O. Bond length
28. Which of the following is a wrong order with respect to the property mentioned against each ?
(A*) O22– > O2 > O2+ [Paramagnetic moment] (B) (NO)¯ > (NO) > (NO)+ [bond length]
(C) H2 > H2 > He2 [bond energy]
+ +
(D) NO2+ > NO2 > NO2¯ [bond angle]
Sol. NO > NO > NO
– +
(bond length)
Bond order 2.0 2.5 3
H2 > H2+ > He2+ (bond energy)
Bond order 1 0.5 0.5
(In He2+ more electron in antibonding MO's)
NO2+ > NO2 > NO2– (bond angle)
Bond angle 180º 133º 115º
O22– < O2+ < O2 (paramagnetic moment)
No. of unpaired e –
0 1 2
21. Which of the following option with respect to increasing bond dissociation energies is correct ?
(A) NO < C2 < O2– < He2+ (B) C2 < NO < He2+ < O2–
(C) He2 < O2 < NO < C2
+ –
(D*) He2+ < O2– < C2 < NO
2 1 1 10 7
Sol. He2+ bond order = ; O – bond order = 1 .5
2 2 2 2
84 10 5
C2 bond order = 2 ; NO bond order = 2 .5
2 2
Bond order bond dissociation energy..
22. Pick out the incorrect statement.
(A) N2 has greater dissociation energy than N2+ (B) O2 has lower dissociation energy than O2+
(C*) Bond length in N2+ is less than N2 (D) Bond length in NO+ is less than in NO.
Sol. N2 : (1s) (*1s) (2s) (*2s) (2p x = 2p y ) 2pz)2
2 2 2 2 2 2
The bond order of N2 is 1/2(10 – 4) = 3.
N2+ : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) 2pz)1
The bond order of N2+ is 1/2(9 – 4) = 2.5.
O2 : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px1 = *2p1y)
The bond order of O2 1/2(10 – 6) = 2.
O2– : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px2 = *2p1y)
The bond order of O2 1/2(10 – 7) = 1.5.
NO+ derivative of O2 and isoelectronic with O22+ ; so (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y )
The bond order of NO+ 1/2(10 – 4) = 3.
NO derivative of O2 and isoelectronic with O2+ ; (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ), *2px)1
The bond order of NO is 1/2(10 – 5) = 2.5.
Bond order 1/bond length bond dissociation energy..
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23. The species which are diamagnetic :
çtkfr tks fd çfrpqEcdh; gS %
(A) O2– (B) NO2 (C) ClO2 (D*) N2O4
Sol. N2O4
O2–, NO2 and ClO2 are odd electron species.
24. Find the no. of species having fractional bond order ?
N2+, N2– , O2 , O2+, F2, B2, C2+ ,CN-, NO+
Ans. 4
Sol. N2+, N2– , O2+, C2+ have fractional bond order.
25. Find out the no. of correct statements :
(a) Bond length N2+ > Bond length N2 (b) Bond length NO+ < Bond length of NO
(c) Bond length CN– < Bond length of CN (d) Bond length O2- < Bond length of O2-2
(e) Bond length O2 > Bond length of O2+ (f) Bond length B2 > Bond length of B2–
Ans. 6
26. In how many conversions, the bond length increases ?
(i) NO NO+ (ii) N2+ N2– (iii) O2 O2+ (iv) H2 H2+
(v) NH3 NH4+ (vi) NH3 NH2– (vii) BF3 BF4–
Ans. 4 (ii, iv, vi, vii)
26. Which of the following have bond order less than two ?
NO3–, CO32 –, F2, Cl2, Br2, O22–, O2–, N2–, O22+, Li2+, He2+
Ans. 9 (NO3–, CO32 –, F2, Cl2, Br2, O22–, O2–, Li2+, He2+)
27. Which of the following have bond order three ?
(A*) O22+ (B*) NO+ (C*) CN– (D) CN+
Sol. O2 bond order = 3, NO bond order = 3, CN bond order = 3, CN bond order = 2
2+ + – +
28. The species which are paramagnetic is/are :
(A*) NO (B*) NO2 (C*) ClO2 (D) N2O4
.
Sol. (A) : N O (B) (C) (D)
27. Which of the statement(s) are correct ?
(A) There is a single bond in FO+ (B*) The F and O are further apart in FO– than in FO+.
(C) There is a double bond in FO .–
(D*) It would take more energy to break F–O bond in FO+ than in FO–.
Sol. In FO+ total no. of electrons = 16, so bond order will be 2.
In FO– total number of electrons = 18, so bond order will be 1.
28. Among the following, the species with one unpaired electron are :
(A*) O2+ (B*) NO (C*) O2– (D) B2
Sol. (A) O2+ : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px1 = *2py)
(B) NO is derivative of O2: NO(O2+) (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px1 = *2py)
(C) O2– : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px2 = *2p1y)
(D) B2 : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p1x = 2p1y) (pz)0
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Comprehension # 1
The distribution of electrons among various molecular orbitals is called the electronic configuration of the
molecule which provides us the following very important informations about the molecule .
(A) Stability of molecule : The molecule is stable if number of bonding molecular orbital electrons (Nb) is
greater than the number of antibonding molecular orbital electrons (Na) and vice- versa.
1
(B) Bond order : Bond order = (N – Na)
2 b
A positive bond order means a stable molecule while a negative or zero bond order means an unstable
molecule.
(C) Nature of the bond : Bond order 1, 2,or 3 corresponds to single, double or triple bonds respectively.
(D) Bond length : Bond length decreases as bond order increases.
(E) Magnetic nature : Molecular orbitals in a molecule are doubly occupied, the substance is diamagnetic
and if one or more molecular orbitals are singly occupied, it is paramagnetic.
29. Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
(A) Among O2+, O2 and O2- the stability decreases as O2+ > O2 > O2-
(B) He2 molecule does not exit as the effect of bonding and anti-bonding molecular orbitals cancel each other
(C) C2 ,O22 - and Li2 are diamagnetic
(D*) In F2 molecule, the energy of 2 Pz is more than 2px and 2 Py
Sol. (A)
Bond order stability (i.e., bond strength)
(B) Helium molecule (He2) : He2 : (1s)2 (*1s)2
Bond order of He2 is ½(2 – 2) = 0
The molecular orbital description of He2 predicts two electrons in a bonding orbital and two electrons in an
antibonding orbital, with a bond order of zero - in other words, no bond. The noble gas He has not significant
tendency to form diatomic molecules and, like the other noble gases, exists in the form of free atoms.
(C) Carbon molecule (C2) : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p2x = 2p2y) or KK (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p2x = 2p2y )
Lithium molecule (Li2) : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2
Peroxide (O22–) : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px2 = *2p2y)
As all electrons are paired so C2, Li2 and O22– are diamagnetic.
(D) Fluorine molecule (F2) : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px2 = *2p2y)
30. The bromine (Br2) is coloured because:
(A) the difference in energy (E) between HOMO and LUMO is large and the electronic excitation take place
by absorption of light which falls in ultra violet region.
(B) the difference in energy (E) between HOMO and LUMO is small and the electronic excitation take place
by absorption of light which falls in infrared region.
(C) the bromine molecule is paramagnetic and the difference in energy (E) is such that the electronic
excitation take place in visible light.
(D*) the difference in energy (E) between HOMO and LUMO is such that the electronic excitation take
place by absorption of light which falls in visible region and bromine molecule is diamagnetic.
Sol. (D) It is correct statement.
31. N2 has greater bond dissociation energy than N2+ , where as O2 has a lower bond dissociation energy than
O2+ because:
(A) Bond order is reduced when O2 is ionized to O2+ and bond order is increased when N2 is ionized to N2+
(B*) Bond order is increased when O2 is ionized to O2+ and bond order is decreased when N2 is ionized to N2+
(C) Bond order is deceased when O2 is ionized to O2+ and bond order is decreased when N2– is ionized to N2+
(D) None of these.
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Sol. (B) Oxygen molecule (O2) : O2 : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px1 = *2p1y)
Bond order = 1/2(10 – 6) = 2.0,
O2+ : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2pz)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) (*2px1 = *2p0y)
Bond order = 1/2(10 – 5) = 2.5.
Nitrogen molecule (N2) : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) 2pz)2
The bond order of N2 is 1/2(10 – 4) = 3.
N2+ : (1s)2 (*1s)2 (2s)2 (*2s)2 (2p2x = 2p2y ) 2pz)1
Bond order = 1/2(9 – 4) = 2.5.
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