P 501e

Saudi Mechanical Code
SBC 501
Key List of the Saudi Codes: Designations and brief titles
Title Code Req.1 Code &Com.2 Arabic Prov. 3
The General Building Code SBC 201-CR SBC 201-CC SBC 201-AR
Structural – Loading and Forces SBC 301-CR SBC 301-CC SBC 301-AR
Structural – Construction SBC 302- CR SBC 302-AR
Structural – Soil and Foundations SBC 303- CR SBC 303-CC SBC 303-AR
Structural – Concrete Structures SBC 304- CR SBC 304-CC SBC 304-AR
Structural – Masonry Structures SBC 305- CR SBC 305-CC SBC 305-AR
Structural – Steel Structures
Electrical Code SBC 401- CR SBC 401-AR
Mechanical Code SBC 501-CR SBC 501-CC SBC 501-AR
Energy Conservation-
SBC 601- CC SBC 601- AR
Nonresidential
Energy Conservation-Residential SBC 602- CC SBC 602- AR
Plumbing Code SBC 701- CR SBC 701-CC SBC 701-AR
Private sewage Code SBC 702- CR SBC 702-AR
Fire Code SBC 801- CR SBC 801-CC SBC 801-AR
Existing Buildings Code SBC 901- CR SBC 901-CC SBC 901-AR
Green Construction Code SBC 1001- CR SBC 1001-CC SBC 1001-AR
Residential Building Code SBC 1101- CR SBC 1101-CC SBC 1101-AR
Fuel Gas Code* SBC 1201- CR SBC 1201-CC SBC 1201-AR
1. CR: Code Requirements without Commentary
2. CC: Code Requirements with Commentary
3. AR: Arabic Code Provisions
* Under Development
COPYRIGHT © 2018
by
The Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC).
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. All intellectual property rights of this Saudi Code is owned by the
National Committee of Saudi Building Code as per the regulations of the intellectual property system
in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. No part of this code may be reproduced, distributed or leased in any
form or by any means, including but not limited to publishing on cloud sites, computer networks or
any electronic means of communication, without prior written permission from the National
Committee for the Saudi Building Code. The purchase of an electronic or paper copy does not exempt
the individual or entity from complying with the above limitations.
SBC 501-CR-18 i
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (SBC 501):
1 Dr. Hamza A. Ghulman Chairman
2 Dr. Mohammad S. Alsoufi Member
3 Dr. Ahmed S. Khogeer Member
4 Dr. Mohamed H. Mohamed Member
5 Dr. Kamel M. Guedri Member
6 Dr. Abdelaziz H. Nasr Member
REVIEW COMMITTEE:
1 Dr. Naif M. Alabbadi Chairman
2 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Member
3 Dr. Abdulrahman G. Al-enizi Member
4 Eng. Saeed K. Kadasah Member
5 Eng. Tawifik I. Aljrayed Member
TECHNICAL EDITING COMMITTEE:

1 Prof. Ahmed B. Shuraim Chairman
SAUDI BUILDING CODE NATIONAL COMMITTEE (SBCNC): 2 Dr. Abdallah M. Al-Shehri Member
1 H. E. Dr. Saad O. AlKasabi Chairman 3 Eng. Tawifik I. Aljrayed Member
2 Dr. Naif M. Alabbadi Vice Chairman
3 Dr. Abdulrahman G. Al-enizi Member
4 Engr. Saeed K. Kadasah Member EDITORIAL SUPPORT:
5 Dr. Hassan S. Alhazmi Member Dr. Fahid Aslam Engr. Rais Mirza
6 Engr. Badr S. AL-maayoof Member
Dr. Fahed Alrshoudi Engr. Abdullah S. Alghamdi
7 Engr. Fayez A. Alghamdi Member
8 Engr. Mohammed A. Alwaily Member Engr. Majed K. Alqahtani
9 Dr. Bandar S. Alkahlan Member
10 Engr. Ahmad N. Hassan Member
11 Engr. Abdulnasser S. Alabdullatif Member
12 Dr. Hani M. Zahran Member
13 Engr. Khalifa S. Alyahyai Member
14 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Member
15 Dr. Ibrahim O. Habiballah Member
16 Dr. Saeed A. Asiri Member
17 Dr. Abdallah M. Al-Shehri Member
18 Engr. Saad S. Shuail Member
ADVISORY COMMITTEE :
1 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Chairman

2 Eng. Khalifa S. Alyahyai Vice Chairman
3 Dr. Hani M. Zahran Member
4 Prof. Ali A. Shash Member
5 Prof. Ahmed B. Shuraim Member
6 Dr. Khalid M. Wazira Member
7 Dr. Abdulhameed A. Al Ohaly Member
8 Dr. Hamza A. Ghulman Member
9 Engr. Hakam A. Al-Aqily Member
10 Prof. Saleh F. Magram Member
11 Engr. Nasser M. Al-Dossari Member
12 Dr. Waleed H. Khushefati Member
13 Dr. Waleed M. Abanomi Member
14 Dr. Fahad S. Al-Lahaim Member
SBC 501-CR-18 ii
PREFACE
PREFACE
The Saudi Mechanical Code (SBC 501) is a Code that regulates the design and installation of
mechanical systems, appliances, appliance venting, duct and ventilation systems, combustion air
provisions, hydronic systems and solar systems. SBC 501 provides minimum requirements to establish
the minimum acceptable level of safety and to protect life and property from the potential dangers
associated with the installation and operation of mechanical systems. The Code also provides the
minimum requirements to protect the personnel that installs, maintain, service and replaces the systems
and appliances addressed by this Code.
2015 International Mechanical Code (IMC 2015), published by the International Code Council (ICC),
is the base code in the development of this Code. Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC)
has made an agreement with the ICC to use their materials and modify them as per the local
construction needs and regulatory requirements of Saudi Arabia. The ICC is not responsible or liable
in any way to SBCNC or to any other party or entity for any modifications or changes that SBCNC
makes to such documents.
The contents of the current edition of the Code is substantially updated from its 2007 edition. The
writing process of SBC 501-18 followed the methodology approved by the Saudi Building Code
National Committee. Many changes and modifications were made in its base code (IMC 2015) to meet
the local weather, materials, construction and regulatory requirements.
The committees responsible for SBC 501 Code and Commentary have taken all precautions to avoid
ambiguities, omissions, and errors in the document. Despite these efforts, the users of SBC 501 may
find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be
incomplete. The SBCNC alone possesses the authority and responsibility for updating, modifying and
interpreting the Code.
It is a common assumption that engineering knowledge is a prerequisite in understanding code
provisions and requirements; thus, the code is oriented towards individuals who possess the
background knowledge to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and
recommendations. They shall be able to determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before
applying the Code and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations.
The requirements related to administration and enforcement of this Code are advisory only. SBCNC
and governmental organizations, in charge of enforcing this Code, possess the authority to modify
these administrative requirements.
SBC 501-CR-18 iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................................. 1

SECTION 101 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
SECTION 102 APPLICABILITY ............................................................................................................................................. 1
SECTION 103 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL INSPECTION ............................................................................................. 2
SECTION 104 DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL ............................................................................................ 3
SECTION 105 APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................................. 4
SECTION 106 PERMITS...................................................................................................................................................... 4
SECTION 107 INSPECTIONS AND TESTING ........................................................................................................................ 7
SECTION 108 VIOLATIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 8
SECTION 109 MEANS OF APPEAL .................................................................................................................................... 10
SECTION 110 TEMPORARY EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS AND USES ....................................................................................... 10
DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 11
SECTION 201 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 11
SECTION 202 GENERAL DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................. 11
GENERAL REGULATIONS......................................................................................................................... 25
SECTION 301 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 25
SECTION 302 PROTECTION OF STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................... 26
SECTION 303 EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCE LOCATION.................................................................................................. 27
SECTION 304 INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................................................... 28
SECTION 305 PIPING SUPPORT ....................................................................................................................................... 30
SECTION 306 ACCESS AND SERVICE SPACE ..................................................................................................................... 30
SECTION 307 CONDENSATE DISPOSAL ........................................................................................................................... 33
SECTION 308 CLEARANCE REDUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 34
SECTION 309 TEMPERATURE CONTROL ......................................................................................................................... 35
SECTION 310 EXPLOSION CONTROL ............................................................................................................................... 35
SECTION 311 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS ......................................................................................................................... 36
SECTION 312 HEATING AND COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS ........................................................................................ 36
VENTILATION ......................................................................................................................................... 37
SECTION 401 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 37
SECTION 402 NATURAL VENTILATION ............................................................................................................................ 38
SECTION 403 MECHANICAL VENTILATION...................................................................................................................... 38
SECTION 404 ENCLOSED PARKING GARAGES ................................................................................................................. 46
SECTION 405 SYSTEMS CONTROL ................................................................................................................................... 46
SECTION 406 VENTILATION OF UNINHABITED SPACES................................................................................................... 47
SECTION 407 AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES AND GROUP I-2 OCCUPANCIES ............................................................... 47
SECTION 408 VENTILATION OF MOSQUES ..................................................................................................................... 47
EXHAUST SYSTEMSGENERAL .................................................................................................................. 48
SECTION 501 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 48
SECTION 502 REQUIRED SYSTEMS.................................................................................................................................. 49
SECTION 503 MOTORS AND FANS .................................................................................................................................. 59
SECTION 504 CLOTHES DRYER EXHAUST ........................................................................................................................ 59
SECTION 505 DOMESTIC KITCHEN EXHAUST EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................. 62
SECTION 506 COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOOD VENTILATION SYSTEM DUCTS AND EXHAUST EQUIPMENT ..................... 63
SECTION 507 COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOODS................................................................................................................ 69
SECTION 508 COMMERCIAL KITCHEN MAKEUP AIR ....................................................................................................... 73
SECTION 509 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................... 74
SECTION 510 HAZARDOUS EXHAUST SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................. 74
SECTION 511 DUST, STOCK AND REFUSE CONVEYING SYSTEMS .................................................................................... 77
SBC 501-CR-18 iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 512 SUBSLAB SOIL EXHAUST SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................ 79

SECTION 513 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS ...................................................................................................................... 80
SECTION 514 ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATION SYSTEMS ............................................................................................. 85
DUCT SYSTEMS ...................................................................................................................................... 87
SECTION 601 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................... 87
SECTION 602 PLENUMS .................................................................................................................................................. 88
SECTION 603 DUCT CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION .............................................................................................. 90
SECTION 604 INSULATION .............................................................................................................................................. 93
SECTION 605 AIR FILTERS ............................................................................................................................................... 94
SECTION 606 SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS CONTROL ................................................................................................... 94
SECTION 607 DUCT AND TRANSFER OPENINGS.............................................................................................................. 95
CHAPTER 7 COMBUSTION AIR .............................................................................................................. 101
SECTION 701 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................. 101
CHIMNEY VENTS .................................................................................................................................. 102
SECTION 801 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................. 102
SECTION 802 VENTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 103
SECTION 803 CONNECTORS ......................................................................................................................................... 104
SECTION 804 DIRECT-VENT, INTEGRAL VENT AND MECHANICAL DRAFT SYSTEMS ...................................................... 107
SECTION 805 FACTORY-BUILT CHIMNEYS .................................................................................................................... 108
SECTION 806 METAL CHIMNEYS ................................................................................................................................... 108
SPECIFIC APPLIANCEGENERAL COMMENTS ........................................................................................ 110
SECTION 901 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................ 110
SECTION 902 MASONRY FIREPLACES .......................................................................................................................... 110
SECTION 903 FACTORY-BUILT FIREPLACES ................................................................................................................. 110
SECTION 904 SECTION 904 PELLET FUEL-BURNING APPLIANCES .............................................................................. 110
SECTION 905 FIREPLACE STOVES AND ROOM HEATERS ............................................................................................. 110
SECTION 906 FACTORY-BUILT BARBECUE APPLIANCES ............................................................................................. 110
SECTION 907 INCINERATORS AND CREMATORIES ...................................................................................................... 111
SECTION 908 COOLING TOWERS, EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS AND FLUID COOLERS.............................................. 111
SECTION 909 VENTED WALL FURNACES ..................................................................................................................... 111
SECTION 910 FLOOR FURNACES .................................................................................................................................. 112
SECTION 911 DUCT FURNACES .................................................................................................................................... 112
SECTION 912 INFRARED RADIANT HEATERS ................................................................................................................. 112
SECTION 913 CLOTHES DRYERS ................................................................................................................................... 112
SECTION 914 SAUNA HEATERS .................................................................................................................................... 112
SECTION 915 ENGINE AND GAS TURBINE-POWERED EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES .............................................. 113
SECTION 916 POOL AND SPA HEATERS ....................................................................................................................... 113
SECTION 917 COOKING APPLIANCES .......................................................................................................................... 113
SECTION 918 FORCED-AIR WARM-AIR FURNACES ..................................................................................................... 114
SECTION 919 CONVERSION BURNERS ......................................................................................................................... 114
SECTION 920 UNIT HEATERS ........................................................................................................................................ 114
SECTION 921 VENTED ROOM HEATERS ....................................................................................................................... 114
SECTION 922 KEROSENE AND OIL-FIRED STOVES ....................................................................................................... 114
SECTION 923 SMALL CERAMIC KILNS ......................................................................................................................... 114
SECTION 924 STATIONARY FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS ............................................................................................ 114
SECTION 925 MASONRY HEATERS ............................................................................................................................... 115
SECTION 926 GASEOUS HYDROGEN SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................. 115
SECTION 927 RADIANT HEATING SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................. 115
SECTION 928 EVAPORATIVE COOLING EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................... 115
BOILERS, WATER HEATERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS ........................................................................... 116
SECTION 1001 SECTION 1001 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 116
SECTION 1002 WATER HEATERS ................................................................................................................................... 116
SBC 501-CR-18 v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1003 PRESSURE VESSELS ............................................................................................................................... 116

SECTION 1004 BOILERS ................................................................................................................................................ 116
SECTION 1005 BOILER CONNECTIONS .......................................................................................................................... 118
SECTION 1006 SAFETY AND PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES AND CONTROLS....................................................................... 118
SECTION 1007 SECTION 1007 BOILER LOW-WATER CUTOFF........................................................................................ 118
SECTION 1008 BOTTOM BLOWOFF VALVE ................................................................................................................... 118
SECTION 1009 SECTION 1009 HOT WATER BOILER EXPANSION TANK ......................................................................... 119
SECTION 1010 GAUGES ................................................................................................................................................ 120
SECTION 1011 TESTS .................................................................................................................................................... 120
REFRIGERATION ................................................................................................................................. 122
SECTION 1101 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 122
SECTION 1102 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 122
SECTION 1103 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................................... 123
SECTION 1104 SYSTEM APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 129
SECTION 1105 MACHINERY ROOM, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 131
SECTION 1106 MACHINERY ROOM, SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... 132
SECTION 1107 REFRIGERANT PIPING............................................................................................................................ 132
SECTION 1108 FIELD TEST............................................................................................................................................. 134
SECTION 1109 PERIODIC TESTING ................................................................................................................................ 134
HYDRONIC PIPING .............................................................................................................................. 135
SECTION 1201 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 135
SECTION 1202 MATERIAL ............................................................................................................................................. 135
SECTION 1203 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................................... 135
SECTION 1204 1204 PIPE INSULATION ......................................................................................................................... 138
SECTION 1205 VALVES.................................................................................................................................................. 138
SECTION 1206 PIPING INSTALLATION........................................................................................................................... 139
SECTION 1207 TRANSFER FLUID ................................................................................................................................... 139
SECTION 1208 TESTS .................................................................................................................................................... 139
SECTION 1209 EMBEDDED PIPING ............................................................................................................................... 139
SECTION 1210 PLASTIC PIPE GROUND-SOURCE HEAT PUMP LOOP SYSTEMS .............................................................. 140
FUEL OIL PIPING AND STORAGE .......................................................................................................... 145
SECTION 1301 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 145
SECTION 1302 MATERIAL ............................................................................................................................................. 145
SECTION 1303 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................................. 145
SECTION 1304 PIPING SUPPORT ................................................................................................................................... 146
SECTION 1305 FUEL OIL SYSTEM INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................... 146
SECTION 1306 1306 OIL GAUGING ............................................................................................................................... 147
SECTION 1307 FUEL OIL VALVES ................................................................................................................................... 147
SECTION 1308 SECTION 1308 TESTING ......................................................................................................................... 147
SOLAR SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................. 149
SECTION 1401 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 149
SECTION 1402 INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................................................... 149
SECTION 1403 HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS ........................................................................................................................ 150
SECTION 1404 MATERIALS ........................................................................................................................................... 150
REFERENCED STANDARDS .................................................................................................................. 152
APPENDIX A CHIMNEY CONNECTOR PASS-THROUGHS ......................................................................... 175
APPENDIX B RECOMMENDED PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE ........................................................................... 177
INDEX .................................................................................................................................................................. 178
SBC 501-CR-18 vi
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
PART 1 - SCOPE AND APPLICATION The exception sends the user to the SBC 1101 for
one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses not
SECTION 101 GENERAL more than three stories in height. It is the intent that
101.1 Title. the SBC 501 be applied to structures not within the
scope of the SBC 1101. For example, a four-story
These regulations shall be known as the Saudi single-family dwelling would be subject to the
Mechanical Code, hereinafter referred to as “this provisions of the SBC 501.
code.”
101.2.1 Appendices.
101.2 Scope.
Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless
This code shall regulate the design, installation, specifically adopted.
maintenance, alteration and inspection of
mechanical systems that are permanently installed 101.3 Intent.
and utilized to provide control of environmental The purpose of this code is to establish minimum
conditions and related processes within buildings. standards to provide a reasonable level of safety,
This code shall also regulate those mechanical health and property protection by regulating and
systems, system components, equipment and controlling the design, construction, installation,
appliances specifically addressed herein. The quality of materials, location, operation and
installation of fuel gas distribution piping and maintenance or use of mechanical systems.
equipment, fuel gas-fired appliances and fuel gas-
fired appliance venting systems shall be regulated SECTION 102 APPLICABILITY
by the SBC 1201. 102.1 General.
Exception: Detached one- and two-family Where there is a conflict between a general
dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings requirement and a specific requirement, the specific
(townhouses) not more than three stories high with requirement shall govern. Where, in a specific case,
separate means of egress and their accessory different sections of this code specify different
structures shall comply with the SBC 201. materials, methods of construction or other
This section describes the types of mechanical requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
systems covered by the code. The code is applicable 102.2 Existing installations.
from the initial design of mechanical systems,
through installation and construction and into the Except as otherwise provided for in this chapter, a
maintenance of operating systems. The scope of the provision in this code shall not require the removal,
code is primarily focused on heating, ventilating and alteration or abandonment of, nor prevent the
air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, those items continued utilization and maintenance of, a
specifically addressed in the code and those building mechanical system lawfully in existence at the time
“service” items that make a building comfortable, of the adoption of this code.
functional and safe. The code is intended to cover all 102.3 Maintenance.
mechanical appliances, equipment and systems that
are specifically intended, designed and necessary for Mechanical systems, both existing and new, and
the general safety and well-being of the occupants parts thereof shall be maintained in proper operating
of a building. The code intends to regulate the condition in accordance with the original design and
installation, operation and maintenance of any and in a safe and sanitary condition. Devices or
all equipment and appliances that can affect the safeguards that are required by this code shall be
health, safety and welfare of building occupants. maintained in compliance with the edition of the
code under which they were installed. The owner or
All regulations for the installation of fuel gas the owner’s authorized agent shall be responsible for
distribution piping and equipment, fuel gas-fired maintenance of mechanical systems. To determine
appliances and fuel gas-fired appliance venting compliance with this provision, the code official
systems have been removed from the code. See the shall have the authority to require a mechanical
SFGC for fuel-gas-related requirements. system to be re-inspected.
The inspection for maintenance of HVAC systems
SBC 501-CR-18 1
shall be performed in accordance with requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of
ASHRAE/ACCA/ANSI Standard 180. each such reference and as further regulated in
Sections 102.8.1 and 102.8.2.
102.4 Additions, alterations or repairs.
Exception: Where enforcement of a code provision
Additions, alterations, renovations or repairs to a
would violate the conditions of the listing of the
mechanical system shall conform to that required for
equipment or appliance, the conditions of the listing
a new mechanical system without requiring the
and the manufacturer’s installation instructions shall
existing mechanical system to comply with all of the
apply.
requirements of this code. Additions, alterations or
repairs shall not cause an existing mechanical 102.8.1 Conflicts.
system to become unsafe, hazardous or overloaded.
Where conflicts occur between provisions of this
Minor additions, alterations, renovations and repairs code and the referenced standards, the provisions of
to existing mechanical systems shall meet the this code shall apply.
provisions for new construction, unless such work is
102.8.2 Pr ovisions in refer enced codes and
done in the same manner and arrangement as was in
standar ds.
the existing system, is not hazardous and is
approved. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced
code or standard includes subject matter that is
102.5 Change in occupancy.
within the scope of this code, the provisions of this
It shall be unlawful to make a change in the code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the
occupancy of any structure which will subject the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
structure to any special provision of this code
102.9 Requirements not covered by this code.
applicable to the new occupancy without approval.
The code official shall certify that such structure Requirements necessary for the strength, stability or
meets the intent of the provisions of law governing proper operation of an existing or proposed
building construction for the proposed new mechanical system, or for the public safety, health
occupancy and that such change of occupancy does and general welfare, not specifically covered by this
not result in any hazard to the public health, safety code, shall be determined by the code official.
or welfare. 102.10 Other laws.
102.6 Historic buildings. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to
The provisions of this code relating to the nullify any provisions of Saudi law.
construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, 102.11 Application of references.
restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or
structures shall not be mandatory for existing Reference to chapter section numbers, or to
buildings or structures identified and classified by provisions not specifically identified by number,
the Saudi Arabian jurisdiction as historic buildings shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or
where such buildings or structures are judged by the provision of this code.
code official to be safe and in the public interest of
PART 2 - ADMINISTRATION AND
health, safety and welfare regarding any proposed
construction, alteration, repair, enlargement,
ENFORCEMENT
restoration, relocation or moving of buildings. SECTION 103 DEPARTMENT OF
102.7 Moved buildings. MECHANICAL INSPECTION
Except as determined by Section 102.2, mechanical 103.1 General.
systems that are a part of buildings or structures The department of mechanical inspection is the
moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply agency defined by Saudi Arabian government at the
with the provisions of this code for new time of implementation of the code and the
installations. executive official in charge thereof shall be known
102.8 Referenced codes and standards. as the code official.
The codes and standards referenced herein shall be 103.2 Appointment.

those that are listed in Chapter 15 and such codes The code official shall be appointed by the chief
and standards shall be considered as part of the appointing authority of the jurisdiction.
SBC 501-CR-18 2
103.3 Deputies. provisions of this code.

In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this 104.3 Inspections.
jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the
The code official shall make all of the required
appointing authority, the code official shall have the
inspections, or shall accept reports of inspection by
authority to appoint a deputy code official, other
approved agencies or individuals. Reports of such
related technical officers, inspectors and other
inspections shall be in writing and be certified by a
employees. Such employees shall have powers as
responsible officer of such approved agency or by
delegated by the code official.
the responsible individual. The code official is
103.4 Liability. authorized to engage such expert opinion as deemed
necessary to report upon unusual technical issues
The code official, member of the board of appeals or
that arise, subject to the approval of the appointing
employee charged with the enforcement of this
authority.
code, while acting for the jurisdiction in good faith
and without malice in the discharge of the duties 104.4 Right of entry.
required by this code or other pertinent law or
Where it is necessary to make an inspection to
ordinance, shall not thereby be rendered civilly or
enforce the provisions of this code, or where the
criminally liable personally, and is hereby relieved
code official has reasonable cause to believe that
from personal liability for any damage accruing to
there exists in a building or upon any premises any
persons or property as a result of an act or by reason
conditions or violations of this code that make the
of an act or omission in the discharge of official
building or premises unsafe, insanitary, dangerous
duties.
or hazardous, the code official shall have the
103.4.1 Legal defense. authority to enter the building or premises at all
reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties
Any suit or criminal complaint instituted against any
imposed upon the code official by this code. If such
officer or employee because of an act performed by
building or premises is occupied, the code official
that officer or employee in the lawful discharge of
shall present credentials to the occupant and request
duties and under the provisions of this code shall be
entry. If such building or premises is unoccupied,
defended by the legal representatives of the
the code official shall first make a reasonable effort
jurisdiction until the final termination of the
to locate the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or
proceedings. The code official or any subordinate
other person having charge or control of the building
shall not be liable for costs in an action, suit or
or premises and request entry. If entry is refused, the
proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the
code official has recourse to every remedy provided
provisions of this code.
by law to secure entry.
SECTION 104 DUTIES AND POWERS Where the code official has first obtained a proper
OF THE CODE OFFICIAL inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law
104.1 General. to secure entry, an owner, the owner’s authorized
agent or occupant or person having charge, care or
The code official is hereby authorized and directed control of the building or premises shall not fail or
to enforce the provisions of this code. The code neglect, after proper request is made as herein
official shall have the authority to render provided, to promptly permit entry therein by the
interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and code official for the purpose of inspection and
procedures in order to clarify the application of its examination pursuant to this code.
provisions. Such interpretations, policies and
procedures shall be in compliance with the intent 104.5 Identification.
and purpose of this code. Such policies and The code official shall carry proper identification
procedures shall not have the effect of waiving when inspecting structures or premises in the
requirements specifically provided for in this code. performance of duties under this code.
104.2 Applications and permits. 104.6 Notices and orders.
The code official shall receive applications, review The code official shall issue all necessary notices or
construction documents and issue permits for the orders to ensure compliance with this code.
installation and alteration of mechanical systems,
inspect the premises for which such permits have 104.7 Department records.
been issued and enforce compliance with the
SBC 501-CR-18 3
The code official shall keep official records of claims for alternative materials or methods, the code
applications received, permits and certificates official shall have the authority to require tests as
issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and evidence of compliance to be made at no expense to
notices and orders issued. Such records shall be the jurisdiction.
retained in the official records for the period
105.3.1 Test methods.
required for retention of public records.
Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by
SECTION 105 APPROVAL other recognized test standards. In the absence of
105.1 Modifications. recognized and accepted test methods, the code
official shall approve the testing procedures.
Where there are practical difficulties involved in
carrying out the provisions of this code, the code 105.3.2 Testing agency.
official shall have the authority to grant Tests shall be performed by an approved agency.
modifications for individual cases upon application
of the owner or owner’s authorized agent, provided 105.3.3 Test repor ts.
that the code official shall first find that special Reports of tests shall be retained by the code official
individual reason makes the strict letter of this code for the period required for retention of public
impractical and the modification is in compliance records.
with the intent and purpose of this code and does not
lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. The 105.4 Approved materials and equipment.
details of action granting modifications shall be Materials, equipment and devices approved by the
recorded and entered in the files of the mechanical code official shall be constructed and installed in
inspection department. accordance with such approval.
105.2 Alternative materials, methods, 105.5 Material, equipment and appliance
equipment and appliances. reuse.
The provisions of this code are not intended to Materials, equipment, appliances and devices shall
prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit not be reused unless such elements have been
any method of construction not specifically reconditioned, tested and placed in good and proper
prescribed by this code, provided that any such working condition and approved.
alternative has been approved. An alternative
material or method of construction shall be SECTION 106 PERMITS
approved where the code official finds that the 106.1 Where required.
proposed design is satisfactory and complies with
the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the An owner, owner’s authorized agent or contractor
material, method or work offered is, for the purpose who desires to erect, install, enlarge, alter, repair,
intended, not less than the equivalent of that remove, convert or replace a mechanical system, the
prescribed in this code in quality, strength, installation of which is regulated by this code, or to
effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety. cause such work to be performed shall first make
Where the alternative material, design or method of application to the code official and obtain the
construction is not approved, the code official shall required permit for the work.
respond in writing, stating the reasons the alternative Exception: Where equipment and appliance
was not approved. replacements or repairs must be performed in an
105.2.1 Resear ch repor ts. emergency situation, the permit application shall be
submitted within the next working business day of
Supporting data, where necessary to assist in the the department of mechanical inspection.
approval of materials or assemblies not specifically
provided for in this code, shall consist of valid 106.1.1 Annual per mit.
research reports from approved sources. Instead of an individual construction permit for each
105.3 Required testing. alteration to an already approved system or
equipment or application installation, the code
Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance official is authorized to issue an annual permit upon
with the provisions of this code, or evidence that a application therefore to any person, firm or
material or method does not conform to the corporation regularly employing one or more
requirements of this code, or in order to substantiate qualified tradespersons in the building, structure or
SBC 501-CR-18 4
on the premises owned or operated by the applicant more sets with each application for a permit. The
for the permit. code official shall require construction documents,
computations and specifications to be prepared and
106.1.2 Annual per mit recor ds.
designed by a registered design professional where
The person to whom an annual permit is issued shall required by Saudi Arabian government. Where
keep a detailed record of alterations made under special conditions exist, the code official is
such annual permit. The code official shall have authorized to require additional construction
access to such records at all times or such records documents to be prepared by a registered design
shall be filed with the code official as designated. professional. Construction documents shall be
106.2 Permits not required. drawn to scale and shall be of sufficient clarity to
indicate the location, nature and extent of the work
Permits shall not be required for the following: proposed and show in detail that the work conforms
1. Portable heating appliances. to the provisions of this code. Construction
documents for buildings more than two stories in
2. Portable ventilation appliances and height shall indicate where penetrations will be
equipment. made for mechanical systems, and the materials and
3. Portable cooling units. methods for maintaining required structural safety,
fire resistance rating and fireblocking.
4. Steam, hot water or chilled water piping
within any heating or cooling equipment or Exception: The code official shall have the
appliances regulated by this code. authority to waive the submission of construction
documents, calculations or other data if the nature of
5. The replacement of any minor part that does the work applied for is such that reviewing of
not alter the approval of equipment or an construction documents is not necessary to
appliance or make such equipment or appliance determine compliance with this code.
unsafe.
106.3.2 Pr eliminar y inspection.
6. Portable evaporative coolers.
Before a permit is issued, the code official is
7. Self-contained refrigeration systems that authorized to inspect and evaluate the systems,
contain 4.5 kg or less of refrigerant, or that are equipment, buildings, devices, premises and spaces
actuated by motors of 0.75 kW or less. or areas to be used.
8. Portable fuel cell appliances that are not 106.3.3 Time limitation of application.
connected to a fixed piping system and are not
interconnected to a power grid. An application for a permit for any proposed work
shall be deemed to have been abandoned 180 days
Exemption from the permit requirements of this after the date of filing, unless such application has
code shall not be deemed to grant authorization for been pursued in good faith or a permit has been
work to be done in violation of the provisions of this issued; except that the code official shall have the
code or other laws or ordinances of this jurisdiction. authority to grant one or more extensions of time for
106.3 Application for permit. additional periods not exceeding 180 days each. The
extension shall be requested in -writing and
Each application for a permit, with the required fee, justifiable cause demonstrated.
shall be filed with the code official on a form
furnished for that purpose and shall contain a 106.4 Permit issuance.
general description of the proposed work and its The application, construction documents and other
location. The application shall be signed by the data filed by an applicant for a permit shall be
owner or the owner’s authorized agent. The permit reviewed by the code official. If the code official
application shall indicate the proposed occupancy of finds that the proposed work conforms to the
all parts of the building and of that portion of the site requirements of this code and all laws and
or lot, if any, not covered by the building or structure ordinances applicable thereto, and that the fees
and shall contain such other information required by specified in Section 106.5 have been paid, a permit
the code official. shall be issued to the applicant.
106.3.1 Constr uction documents. 106.4.1 Appr oved constr uction documents.
Construction documents, engineering calculations, When the code official issues the permit where
diagrams and other data shall be submitted in two or
SBC 501-CR-18 5
construction documents are required, the which the permittee will commence work under that
construction documents shall be endorsed in writing permit when work is unable to be commenced
and stamped “APPROVED.” Such approved within the time required by this section for good and
construction documents shall not be changed, satisfactory reasons. The code official shall extend
modified or altered without authorization from the the time for action by the permittee for a period as
code official. Work shall be done in accordance with permitted by the Saudi Arabian regulations in effect
the approved construction documents. on the time of applying to the extension with the
payment of applicable fees.
The code official shall have the authority to issue a
permit for the construction of part of a mechanical 106.4.5 Suspension or revocation of per mit.
system before the construction documents for the
The code official shall have the authority to suspend
entire system have been submitted or approved,
or revoke a permit issued under the provisions of this
provided adequate information and detailed
code wherever the permit is issued in error or on the
statements have been filed complying with all
basis of incorrect, inaccurate or incomplete
pertinent requirements of this code. The holder of
information, or in violation of any ordinance or
such permit shall proceed at his or her own risk
regulation or any of the provisions of this code.
without assurance that the permit for the entire
mechanical system will be granted. 106.4.6 Retention of constr uction documents.
106.4.2 Validity. One set of approved construction documents shall
be retained by the code official for a period of not
The issuance of a permit or approval of construction
less than 180 days from date of completion of the
documents shall not be construed to be a permit for,
permitted work, or as required by government
or an approval of, any violation of any of the
agency or ministry laws as applicable. One set of
provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the
approved construction documents shall be returned
jurisdiction. A permit presuming to give authority to
to the applicant, and said set shall be kept on the site
violate or cancel the provisions of this code shall be
of the building or job at all times during which the
invalid.
work authorized thereby is in progress.
The issuance of a permit based upon construction
106.4.7 Pr evious appr ovals.
documents and other data shall not prevent the code
official from thereafter requiring the correction of This code shall not require changes in the
errors in said construction documents and other data construction documents, construction or designated
or from preventing building operations from being occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit
carried on thereunder where in violation of this code has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully
or of other ordinances of this jurisdiction. authorized, and the construction of which has been
pursued in good faith within 180 days after the
106.4.3 Expir ation.
effective date of this code and has not been
Every permit issued by the code official under the abandoned.
provisions of this code shall expire by limitation and
106.4.8 Posting of per mit.
become null and void if the work authorized by such
permit is not commenced within 180 days from the The permit or a copy shall be kept on the site of the
date of such permit, or if the work authorized by work until the completion of the project.
such permit is suspended or abandoned at any time 106.5 Fees.
after the work is commenced for a period of 180
days. Before such work recommences, a new permit A permit shall not be issued until the fees prescribed
shall be first obtained and the fee therefore shall be in Section 106.5.2 have been paid, nor shall an
one-half the amount required for a new permit for amendment to a permit be released until the
such work, provided that changes have not been additional fee, if any, due to an increase of the
made and will not be made in the original mechanical system, has been paid.
construction documents for such work, and provided 106.5.1 Wor k commencing befor e per mit
further that such suspension or abandonment has not issuance.
exceeded one year.
Any person who commences work on a mechanical
106.4.4 Extensions. system before obtaining the necessary permits shall
A permittee holding an unexpired permit shall have be subject to 100 percent of the usual permit fee in
the right to apply for an extension of the time within addition to the required permit fees.
SBC 501-CR-18 6
106.5.2 Fee schedule. be concealed are complete, and prior to the

installation of wall or ceiling membranes.
The fees for mechanical work shall be as indicated
in the following schedule. 3. Final inspection shall be made upon
completion of the mechanical system.
106.5.3 Fee refunds.
Exception: Ground-source heat pump loop systems
The code official shall authorize the refunding of
tested in accordance with Section 1210.10 shall be
fees as follows.
permitted to be backfilled prior to inspection.
1. The full amount of any fee paid hereunder
The requirements of this section shall not be
which was erroneously paid or collected.
considered to prohibit the operation of any heating
2. All other cases, refund will be in accordance equipment or appliances installed to replace existing
to code official agency rules at the time of heating equipment or appliances serving an
refund. occupied portion of a structure provided that a
request for inspection of such heating equipment or
SECTION 107 INSPECTIONS AND
appliances has been filed with the department not
TESTING more than 48 hours after such replacement work is
107.1 General. completed, and before any portion of such
equipment or appliances is concealed by any
The code official is authorized to conduct such
permanent portion of the structure.
inspections as are deemed necessary to determine
compliance with the provisions of this code. 107.2.1 Other inspections.
Construction or work for which a permit is required In addition to the inspections specified in Section
shall be subject to inspection by the code official, 107.2, the code official is authorized to make or
and such construction or work shall remain require other inspections of any construction work
accessible and exposed for inspection purposes until to ascertain compliance with the provisions of this
approved. Approval as a result of an inspection shall code and other laws that are enforced.
not be construed to be an approval of a violation of
the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of 107.2.2 Inspection requests.
the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or their
authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this duly authorized agent to notify the code official
code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall when work is ready for inspection. It shall be the
not be valid. duty of the permit holder to provide access to and
107.2 Required inspections and testing. means for inspections of such work that are required
by this code.
The code official, upon notification from the permit
holder or the permit holder’s agent, shall make the 107.2.3 Appr oval requir ed.
following inspections and other such inspections as Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated
necessary, and shall either release that portion of the in each successive inspection without first obtaining
construction or shall notify the permit holder or the the approval of the code official. The code official,
permit holder’s agent of violations that must be upon notification, shall make the requested
corrected. The holder of the permit shall be inspections and shall either indicate the portion of
responsible for the scheduling of such inspections. the construction that is satisfactory as completed, or
1. Underground inspection shall be made after notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein
trenches or ditches are excavated and bedded, the same fails to comply with this code. Any
piping installed, and before backfill is put in portions that do not comply shall be corrected and
place. Where excavated soil contains rocks, such portion shall not be covered or concealed until
broken concrete, frozen chunks and other authorized by the code official.
rubble that would damage or break the piping 107.2.4 Appr oved inspection agencies.
or cause corrosive action, clean backfill shall
be on the job site. The code official is authorized to accept reports of
approved agencies, provided that such agencies
2. Rough-in inspection shall be made after the satisfy the requirements as to qualifications and
roof, framing, fireblocking and bracing are in reliability.
place and all ducting and other components to
SBC 501-CR-18 7
107.2.5 Evaluation and follow-up inspection renovated or repaired, shall be tested as prescribed
services. herein to disclose leaks and defects.
Prior to the approval of a prefabricated construction 107.3.2 Appar atus, mater ial and labor for tests.
assembly having concealed mechanical work and
Apparatus, material and labor required for testing a
the issuance of a mechanical permit, the code
mechanical system or part thereof shall be furnished
official shall require the submittal of an evaluation
by the permit holder.
report on each prefabricated construction assembly,
indicating the complete details of the mechanical 107.3.3 Re-inspection and testing.
system, including a description of the system and its Where any work or installation does not pass an
components, the basis upon which the system is initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections
being evaluated, test results and similar information, shall be made so as to achieve compliance with this
and other data as necessary for the code official to code. The work or installation shall then be
determine conformance to this code. resubmitted to the code official for inspection and
107.2.5.1 Evaluation service. testing.
The code official shall designate the evaluation 107.4 Approval.
service of an approved agency as the evaluation After the prescribed tests and inspections indicate
agency, and review such agency’s evaluation report that the work complies in all respects with this code,
for adequacy and conformance to this code. a notice of approval shall be issued by the code
107.2.5.2 Follow-up inspection. official.
Except where ready access is provided to 107.4.1 Revocation.
mechanical systems, service equipment and The code official is authorized to, in writing,
accessories for complete inspection at the site suspend or revoke a notice of approval issued under
without disassembly or dismantling, the code the provisions of this code wherever the notice is
official shall conduct the in-plant inspections as issued in error, on the basis of incorrect information
frequently as necessary to ensure conformance to supplied, or where it is determined that the building
the approved evaluation report or shall designate an or structure, premise or portion thereof is in
independent, approved inspection agency to conduct violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the
such inspections. The inspection agency shall provisions of this code.
furnish the code official with the follow-up
inspection manual and a report of inspections upon 107.5 Temporary connection.
request, and the mechanical system shall have an The code official shall have the authority to
identifying label permanently affixed to the system authorize the temporary connection of a mechanical
indicating that factory inspections have been system to the sources of energy for the purpose of
performed. testing mechanical systems or for use under a
107.2.5.3 Test and inspection records. temporary certificate of occupancy.
Required test and inspection records shall be 107.6 Connection of service utilities.
available to the code official at all times during the A person shall not make connections from a utility,
fabrication of the mechanical system and the source of energy, fuel or power to any building or
erection of the building; or such records as the code system that is regulated by this code for which a
official designates shall be filed. permit is required, until authorized by the code
107.3 Testing. official.
Mechanical systems shall be tested as required in SECTION 108 VIOLATIONS
this code and in accordance with Sections 107.3.1
108.1 108.1 Unlawful acts.
through 107.3.3. Tests shall be made by the permit
holder and observed by the code official. It shall be unlawful for a person, firm or corporation
to erect, construct, alter, repair, remove, demolish or
107.3.1 New, alter ed, extended or repair ed
utilize a mechanical system, or cause same to be
systems.
done, in conflict with or in violation of any of the
New mechanical systems and parts of existing provisions of this code.
systems, which have been altered, extended,
108.2 108.2 Notice of violation.
SBC 501-CR-18 8
The code official shall serve a notice of violation or shall not preclude the legal officer of the jurisdiction
order to the person responsible for the erection, from instituting appropriate action to prevent
installation, alteration, extension, repair, removal or unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate
demolition of mechanical work in violation of the a violation, or to prevent illegal occupancy of a
provisions of this code, or in violation of a detail building, structure or premises, or to stop an illegal
statement or the approved construction documents act, conduct, business or utilization of the
thereunder, or in violation of a permit or certificate mechanical system on or about any premises.
issued under the provisions of this code. Such order
108.7 Unsafe mechanical systems.
shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action
or condition and the abatement of the violation. A mechanical system that is unsafe, constitutes a fire
or health hazard, or is otherwise dangerous to human
108.3 Prosecution of violation.
life, as regulated by this code, is hereby declared as
If the notice of violation is not complied with an unsafe mechanical system. Use of a mechanical
promptly, the code official shall request the legal system regulated by this code constituting a hazard
counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the to health, safety or welfare by reason of inadequate
appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to maintenance, dilapidation, fire hazard, disaster,
restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to require damage or abandonment is hereby declared an
the removal or termination of the unlawful unsafe use. Such unsafe equipment and appliances
occupancy of the structure in violation of the are hereby declared to be a public nuisance and shall
provisions of this code or of the order or direction be abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or
made pursuant thereto. removal.
108.4 Violation penalties. 108.7.1 Author ity to condemn mechanical
systems.
Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or
shall fail to comply with any of the requirements Whenever the code official determines that any
thereof or who shall erect, install, alter or repair mechanical system, or portion thereof, regulated by
mechanical work in violation of the approved this code has become hazardous to life, health,
construction documents or directive of the code property, or has become insanitary, the code official
official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the shall order in writing that such system either be
provisions of this code, shall be guilty punishable by removed or restored to a safe condition. A time limit
a fine or by imprisonment, or both such fine and for compliance with such order shall be specified in
imprisonment according to the Saudi Law. Each day the written notice. A person shall not use or maintain
that a violation continues after due notice has been a defective mechanical system after receiving such
served shall be deemed a separate offense. notice.
108.5 Stop work orders. Where such mechanical system is to be
disconnected, written notice as prescribed in Section
Upon notice from the code official that mechanical
108.2 shall be given. In cases of immediate danger
work is being performed contrary to the provisions
to life or property, such disconnection shall be made
of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, such
immediately without such notice.
work shall immediately cease. Such notice shall be
in writing and shall be given to the owner of the 108.7.2 Author ity to order disconnection of
property, or to the owner’s authorized agent, or to ener gy sour ces.
the person doing the work. The notice shall state the
The code official shall have the authority to order
conditions under which work is authorized to
disconnection of energy sources supplied to a
resume. Where an emergency exists, the code
building, structure or mechanical system regulated
official shall not be required to give a written notice
by this code, where it is determined that the
prior to stopping the work. Any person who shall
mechanical system or any portion thereof has
continue any work on the system after having been
become hazardous or unsafe. Written notice of such
served with a stop work order, except such work as
order to disconnect service and the causes therefore
that person is directed to perform to remove a
shall be given within 24 hours to the owner, the
violation or unsafe condition, shall be liable for a
owner’s authorized agent and occupant of such
fine as applicable by the Saudi laws in effect.
building, structure or premises, provided, however,
108.6 Abatement of violation. that in cases of immediate danger to life or property,
such disconnection shall be made immediately
The imposition of the penalties herein prescribed
SBC 501-CR-18 9
without such notice. Where energy sources are requirements of this code.
provided by a public utility, the code official shall
immediately notify the serving utility in writing of
SECTION 110 TEMPORARY
the issuance of such order to disconnect. EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS AND USES
108.7.3 Connection after order to disconnect. 110.1 General.
A person shall not make energy source connections The code official is authorized to issue a permit for
to mechanical systems regulated by this code which temporary equipment, systems and uses. Such
have been disconnected or ordered to be permits shall be limited as to time of service, but
disconnected by the code official, or the use of shall not be permitted for more than 180 days. The
which has been ordered to be discontinued by the code official is authorized to grant extensions for
code official until the code official authorizes the demonstrated cause.
reconnection and use of such mechanical systems. 110.2 Conformance.
Where a mechanical system is maintained in
violation of this code, and in violation of a notice Temporary equipment, systems and uses shall
issued pursuant to the provisions of this section, the conform to the structural strength, fire safety, means
code official shall institute appropriate action to of egress, accessibility, light, ventilation and
prevent, restrain, correct or abate the violation. sanitary requirements of this code as necessary to
ensure the public health, safety and general welfare.
SECTION 109 MEANS OF APPEAL
110.3 Temporary utilities.
109.1 Application for appeal.
The code official is authorized to give permission to
A person shall have the right to appeal a decision of temporarily supply utilities before an installation has
the code official to the board of appeals. An been fully completed and the final certificate of
application for appeal shall be based on a claim that completion has been issued. The part covered by the
the true intent of this code or the rules legally temporary certificate shall comply with the
adopted thereunder have been incorrectly requirements specified for temporary lighting, heat
interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully or power in the code.
apply, or an equally good or better form of
110.4 Termination of approval.
construction is proposed. The application shall be
filed on a form obtained from the code official in The code official is authorized to terminate such
accordance with the SBC 201 in effect. permit for temporary equipment, systems or uses
and to order the temporary equipment, systems or
109.1.1 Limitation of author ity.
uses to be discontinued.
The board of appeals shall not have authority
relative to interpretation of the administration of this
code nor shall such board be empowered to waive
SBC 501-CR-18 10
DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 201 GENERAL AIR. All air supplied to mechanical equipment and
appliances for combustion, ventilation, cooling and
201.1 Scope. similar purposes. Standard air is air at standard
Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following temperature and pressure, namely, 21°C and 101.3
words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, kPa.
have the meanings indicated in this chapter. AIR CONDITIONING. The treatment of air so as
201.2 Interchangeability. to control simultaneously the temperature, humidity,
cleanness and distribution of the air to meet the
Words used in the present tense include the future;
requirements of a conditioned space.
words in the masculine gender include the feminine
and neuter; the singular number includes the plural AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM. A system that
and the plural includes the singular. consists of heat exchangers, blowers, filters, supply,
exhaust and return ducts, and shall include any
201.3 Terms defined in other codes.
apparatus installed in connection therewith.
Where terms are not defined in this code and are
AIR DISPERSION SYSTEM. Any diffuser
defined in the SBC 201, SBC 801, SBC 1201 or the
system designed to both convey air within a room,
SBC 701, such terms shall have meanings ascribed
space or area and diffuse air into that space while
to them as in those codes.
operating under positive pressure. Systems are
201.4 Terms not defined. commonly constructed of, but not limited to, fabric
or plastic film.
Where terms are not defined through the methods
authorized by this section, such terms shall have AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Any system of
ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context ducts, plenums and air-handling equipment that
implies. circulates air within a space or spaces and includes
systems made up of one or more air-handling units.
SECTION 202 GENERAL DEFINITIONS
AIR, EXHAUST. Air being removed from any
This portion of the commentary addresses only those
terms whose definitions appear in Chapter 2. The space, appliance or piece of equipment and
commentary for definitions that are located conveyed directly to the atmosphere by means
elsewhere in the code can be found in the indicated of openings or ducts.
sections that contain those definitions. AIR-HANDLING UNIT. A blower or fan used for
the purpose of distributing supply air to a room,
ABRASIVE MATERIALS. Moderately abrasive space or area.
particulate in high concentrations, and highly
abrasive particulate in moderate and high AIR, MAKEUP. Any combination of outdoor and
concentrations, such as alumina, bauxite, iron transfer air intended to replace exhaust air and
silicate, sand and slag. exfiltration.
ABSORPTION SYSTEM. A refrigerating system AIR, OUTDOOR. Ambient air that enters a
in which refrigerant is pressurized by pumping a building through a ventilation system, through
chemical solution of refrigerant in absorbent, and intentional openings for natural ventilation, or by
then separated by the addition of heat in a generator, infiltration.
condensed (to reject heat), expanded, evaporated (to AIR, TRANSFER. Air moved from one indoor
provide refrigeration), and reabsorbed in an absorber space to another.
to repeat the cycle; the system may be single or
multiple effect, the latter using multiple stages or ALTERATION. A change in a mechanical system
internally cascaded use of heat to improve that involves an extension, addition or change to the
efficiency. arrangement, type or purpose of the original
installation.
ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device,
appliance or equipment to be reached by ready APPLIANCE. A device or apparatus that is
access or by a means that first requires the removal manufactured and designed to utilize energy and for
or movement of a panel, door or similar obstruction which this code provides specific requirements.
[see also “Ready access (to)”].
SBC 501-CR-18 11
DEFINITIONS
APPLIANCE, EXISTING. Any appliance processing or power purposes. Low-pressure boilers

regulated by this code which was legally installed operate at pressures less than or equal to 103 kPa for
prior to the effective date of this code, or for which steam and 1103 kPa for water. High-pressure boilers
a permit to install has been issued. operate at pressures exceeding those pressures.
APPLIANCE TYPE. BOILER ROOM. A room primarily utilized for the
installation of a boiler.
High-heat appliance. Any appliance in which the
products of combustion at the point of entrance to BRAZED JOINT. A gas-tight joint obtained by the
the flue under normal operating conditions have a joining of metal parts with metallic mixtures or
temperature greater than 1093°C. alloys which melt at a temperature above 538°C, but
lower than the melting temperature of the parts to be
Low-heat appliance (residential appliance). Any
joined.
appliance in which the products of combustion at the
point of entrance to the flue under normal operating BRAZING. A metal joining process wherein
conditions have a temperature of 538°C or less. coalescence is produced by the use of a nonferrous
filler metal having a melting point above 538°C, but
Medium-heat appliance. Any appliance in which
lower than that of the base metal being joined. The
the products of combustion at the point of entrance
filler material is distributed between the closely
to the flue under normal operating conditions have a
fitted surfaces of the joint by capillary attraction.
temperature of more than 538°C, but not greater than
1093°C. BREATHING ZONE. The region within an
occupied space between planes 75 mm and 1800
APPLIANCE, VENTED. An appliance designed
mm above the floor and more than 600 mm from the
and installed in such a manner that all of the products
walls of the space or from fixed air-conditioning
of combustion are conveyed directly from the
equipment.
appliance to the outdoor atmosphere through an
approved chimney or vent system. BUILDING. Any structure occupied or intended for
supporting or sheltering any occupancy.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official.
CEILING RADIATION DAMPER. A listed
APPROVED AGENCY. An established and
device installed in a ceiling membrane of a fire-
recognized agency that is regularly engaged in
resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling
conducting tests or furnishing inspection services
assembly to limit automatically the radiative heat
where such agency has been approved by the code
transfer through an air inlet/outlet opening.
official.
CHIMNEY. A primarily vertical structure
ARABIC BATHROOM. A room containing a
containing one or more flues, for the purpose of
toilet bidet shower (bidet spray, bidet sprayer,
carrying gaseous products of combustion and air
or health faucet), is a hand-held triggered nozzle,
from a fuel-burning appliance to the outdoor
similar to that on a kitchen sink sprayer, that delivers
atmosphere.
a spray of water in anal cleansing and cleaning
the genitals after defecation and urination. Factory-built chimney. A listed and labeled
chimney composed of factory-made components,
ARABIC TOILET. An Arabic toilet (or squat
assembled in the field in accordance with
toilet) is a toilet used by squatting, rather than sitting.
manufacturer’s instructions and the conditions of the
There are several types of squat toilets, but they all
listing.
consist essentially of a toilet pan or bowl at floor
level. Such a toilet pan is also called a "squatting Masonry chimney. A field-constructed chimney
pan". The only exception is a "pedestal" squat toilet, composed of solid masonry units, bricks, stones or
which is of the same height as a sitting toilet. It is in concrete.
theory also possible to squat over sitting toilets, but
Metal chimney. A field-constructed chimney of
this requires extra care to prevent accidents as they
metal.
are not designed for squatting.
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR. A pipe that connects a
AUTOMATIC BOILER. Any class of boiler that
fuel-burning appliance to a chimney.
is equipped with the controls and limit devices
specified in Chapter 10. CLEARANCE. The minimum distance through air
measured between the heat-producing surface of the
BATHROOM. A room containing a bathtub,
mechanical appliance, device or equipment and the
shower, spa or similar bathing fixture.
surface of the combustible material or assembly.
BOILER. A closed heating appliance intended to
CLOSED COMBUSTION SOLID-FUEL-
supply hot water or steam for space heating,
BURNING APPLIANCE. A heat-producing
SBC 501-CR-18 12
DEFINITIONS
appliance that employs a combustion chamber that COMBUSTION. In the context of this code, refers
does not have openings other than the flue collar, to the rapid oxidation of fuel accompanied by the
fuel charging door and adjustable openings provided production of heat or heat and light.
to control the amount of combustion air that enters
COMBUSTION AIR. Air necessary for complete
the combustion chamber.
combustion of a fuel, including theoretical air and
CLOTHES DRYER. An appliance used to dry wet excess air.
laundry by means of heat.
COMBUSTION CHAMBER. The portion of an
CODE. These regulations, subsequent amendments appliance within which combustion occurs.
thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation that the
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS. Constituents
administrative authority having jurisdiction has
resulting from the combustion of a fuel with the
lawfully adopted.
oxygen of the air, including the inert gases, but
CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated excluding excess air.
authority charged with the administration and
COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES.
enforcement of this code, or a duly authorized
Appliances used in a commercial food service
representative.
establishment for heating or cooking food and which
COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER. A produce grease vapors, steam, fumes, smoke or
listed device installed in ducts and air transfer odors that are required to be removed through a local
openings designed to close automatically upon the exhaust ventilation system. Such appliances include
detection of heat and resist the passage of flame and deep fat fryers; upright broilers; griddles; broilers;
smoke. The device is installed to operate steam-jacketed kettles; hot-top ranges; under-fired
automatically, be controlled by a smoke detection broilers (charbroilers); ovens; barbecues; rotisseries;
system, and where required, is capable of being and similar appliances. For the purpose of this
positioned from a fire command center. definition, a food service establishment shall include
any building or a portion thereof used for the
This definition was added to the previous edition of
preparation and serving of food.
the code because the SBC 201 has included this
defined term for several editions but the SBC 501 COMMERCIAL COOKING
was silent. This type of damper combines the RECIRCULATING SYSTEM. Self-contained
functions of a fire damper and a smoke damper all in system consisting of the exhaust hood, the cooking
one unit for compactness and economy. The damper equipment, the filters and the fire suppression
is automatically controlled by a smoke detection system. The system is designed to capture cooking
system and, where required, can also have the vapors and residues generated from commercial
opening position controlled from a remote command cooking equipment. The system removes
station. Operation from a remote location could be contaminants from the exhaust air and re-circulates
necessary for control and evacuation of smoke the air to the space from which it was withdrawn.
during fire-fighting activities.
COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOODS.
COMBUSTIBLE ASSEMBLY. Wall, floor, Backshelf hood. A backshelf hood is also referred
ceiling or other assembly constructed of one or more to as a low-proximity hood, or as a sidewall hood
component materials that are not defined as where wall mounted. Its front lower lip is low over
noncombustible. the appliance(s) and is “set back” from the front of
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. A liquid having a the appliance(s). It is always closed to the rear of the
closed cup flash point at or above 38°C. appliances by a panel where free-standing, or by a
Combustible liquids shall be subdivided as follows: panel or wall where wall mounted, and its height
above the cooking surface varies. (This style of hood
Class II. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at can be constructed with partial end panels to
or above 38°C and below 60°C. increase its effectiveness in capturing the effluent
Class IIIA. Liquids having a closed cup flash point generated by the cooking operation).
at or above 60°C and below 93°C. Double island canopy hood. A double island
Class IIIB. Liquids having a closed cup flash point canopy hood is placed over back-to-back appliances
at or above 93°C. or appliance lines. It is open on all sides and
overhangs both fronts and the sides of the
The category of combustible liquids does not include appliance(s). It could have a wall panel between the
compressed gases or cryogenic fluids. backs of the appliances. (The fact that exhaust air is
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. Any material not drawn from both sides of the double canopy to meet
defined as noncombustible. in the center causes each side of this hood to emulate
SBC 501-CR-18 13
DEFINITIONS
a wall canopy hood, and thus it functions much the cannot be accessed without damaging permanent
same with or without an actual wall panel between parts of the building structure or finish surface.
the backs of the appliances). Spaces above, below or behind readily removable
panels or doors shall not be considered as concealed.
Eyebrow hood. An eyebrow hood is mounted
directly to the face of an appliance, such as an oven CONDENSATE. The liquid that condenses from a
and dishwasher, above the opening(s) or door(s) gas (including flue gas) caused by a reduction in
from which effluent is emitted, extending past the temperature.
sides and overhanging the front of the opening to
CONDENSER. A heat exchanger designed to
capture the effluent.
liquefy refrigerant vapor by removal of heat.
Pass-over hood. A pass-over hood is a free-standing
CONDENSING UNIT. A specific refrigerating
form of a backshelf hood constructed low enough to
machine combination for a given refrigerant,
pass food over the top.
consisting of one or more power-driven
Single island canopy hood. A single island canopy compressors, condensers and, where required, liquid
hood is placed over a single appliance or appliance receivers, and the regularly furnished accessories.
line. It is open on all sides and overhangs the front,
CONDITIONED SPACE. An area, room or space
rear and sides of the appliance(s). A single island
that is enclosed within the building thermal envelope
canopy is more susceptible to cross drafts and
and that is directly heated or cooled or that is
requires a greater exhaust air flow than an
indirectly heated or cooled. Spaces are indirectly
equivalent sized wall-mounted canopy to capture
heated or cooled where they communicate through
and contain effluent generated by the cooking
openings with conditioned spaces, where they are
operation(s).
separated from conditioned spaces by uninsulated
Wall canopy hood. A wall canopy exhaust hood is walls, floors or ceilings, or where they contain
mounted against a wall above a single appliance or uninsulated ducts, piping or other sources of heating
line of appliance(s), or it could be free-standing with or cooling.
a back panel from the rear of the appliances to the
hood. It overhangs the front and sides of the
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. The written,
appliance(s) on all open sides.
graphic and pictorial documents prepared or
The wall acts as a back panel, forcing the makeup air assembled for describing the design, location and
to be drawn across the front of the cooking physical characteristics of the elements of the project
equipment, thus increasing the effectiveness of the necessary for obtaining a building permit. The
hood to capture and contain effluent generated by construction drawings shall be drawn to an
the cooking operation(s). appropriate scale.
COMPENSATING HOODS. Compensating CONTROL. A manual or automatic device
hoods are those having integral (built-in) makeup air designed to regulate the gas, air, water or electrical
supply. The makeup air supply for such hoods is supply to, or operation of, a mechanical system.
generally supplied from: short-circuit flow from
CONVERSION BURNER. A burner designed to
inside the hood, air curtain flow from the bottom of
supply gaseous fuel to an appliance originally
the front face, and front face discharge from the
designed to utilize another fuel.
outside front wall of the hood. The compensating
makeup airflow can also be supplied from the rear or COOKING APPLIANCE. See “Commercial
side of the hood, or the rear, front or sides of the cooking appliances.”
cooking equipment. The makeup airflow can be one
DAMPER. A manually or automatically controlled
or a combination of methods.
device to regulate draft or the rate of flow of air or
COMPRESSOR. A specific machine, with or combustion gases.
without accessories, for compressing a gas.
Volume damper. A device that, where installed,
COMPRESSOR, POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT. will restrict, retard or direct the flow of air in a duct,
A compressor in which increase in pressure is or the products of combustion in a heat-producing
attained by changing the internal volume of the appliance, its vent connector, vent or chimney
compression chamber. therefrom.
DESIGN FLOOD ELEVATION. The elevation of
COMPRESSOR UNIT. A compressor with its the “design flood,” including wave height, relative
prime mover and accessories. to the datum specified on the community’s legally
designated flood hazard area map. In areas
CONCEALED LOCATION. A location that
SBC 501-CR-18 14
DEFINITIONS
designated as Zone AO, the design flood elevation nonflammable liquid solvents.
shall be the elevation of the highest existing grade of
DUCT. A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air.
the building’s perimeter plus the depth number, in
The air passages of self-contained systems are not to
meter, specified on the flood hazard map. In areas
be construed as air ducts.
designated as Zone AO where a depth number is not
specified on the map, the depth number shall be DUCT FURNACE. A warm-air furnace normally
taken as being equal to 600 mm. installed in an air distribution duct to supply warm
air for heating. This definition shall apply only to a
DESIGN WORKING PRESSURE. The
warm-air heating appliance that, for air circulation,
maximum allowable working pressure for which a
depends on a blower not furnished as part of the
specific part of a system is designed.
furnace.
DIRECT REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. A
DUCT SYSTEM. A continuous passageway for the
system in which the evaporator or condenser of the
transmission of air that, in addition to ducts, includes
refrigerating system is in direct contact with the air
duct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans and accessory
or other substances to be cooled or heated.
air-handling equipment and appliances.
DIRECT-VENT APPLIANCES. Appliances that
DUCTLESS MINI-SPLIT SYSTEM. A heating
are constructed and installed so that all air for
and cooling system that is comprised of one or
combustion is derived from the outdoor atmosphere
multiple indoor evaporator/air-handling units and an
and all flue gases are discharged to the outdoor
outdoor condensing unit that is connected by
atmosphere.
refrigerant piping and electrical wiring. A ductless
DISCRETE PRODUCT. Products that are non- mini-split system is capable of cooling or heating
continuous, individual, distinct pieces such as, but one or more rooms without the use of a traditional
not limited to, electrical, plumbing and mechanical ductwork system.
products and duct straps, duct fittings, duct registers
DWELLING. A building or portion thereof that
and pipe hangers.
contains not more than two dwelling units.
DRAFT. The pressure difference existing between
DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing
the appliance or any component part and the
complete, independent living facilities for one or
atmosphere, that causes a continuous flow of air and
more persons, including permanent provisions for
products of combustion through the gas passages of
living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.
the appliance to the atmosphere.
ELECTRIC HEATING APPLIANCE. An
Induced draft. The pressure difference created by
appliance that produces heat energy to create a
the action of a fan, blower or ejector, that is located
warm environment by the application of electric
between the appliance and the chimney or vent
power to resistance elements, refrigerant
termination.
compressors or dissimilar material junctions.
Natural draft. The pressure difference created by a
ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATION
vent or chimney because of its height, and the
SYSTEM. Systems that employ air-to-air heat
temperature difference between the flue gases and
exchangers to recover energy from or reject energy
the atmosphere.
to exhaust air for the purpose of preheating, pre-
DRIP. The container placed at a low point in a cooling, humidifying or dehumidifying outdoor
system of piping to collect condensate and from ventilation air prior to supplying such air to a space,
which the condensate is removable. either directly or as part of an HVAC system.
ENVIRONMENTAL AIR. Air that is conveyed to
DRY CLEANING SYSTEMS. Dry cleaning plants or from occupied areas through ducts which are not
or systems are classified as follows: part of the heating or air-conditioning system, such
as ventilation for human usage, domestic kitchen
Type I. Those systems using Class I flammable
range exhaust, bathroom exhaust, domestic clothes
liquid solvents having a flash point below 38°C.
dryer exhaust and parking garage exhaust.
Type II. Those systems using Class II combustible EQUIPMENT. All piping, ducts, vents, control
liquid solvents having a flash point at or above 38°C
devices and other components of systems other than
and below 60°C.
appliances which are permanently installed and
Type III. Those systems using Class III combustible integrated to provide control of environmental
liquid solvents having a flash point at or above 60°C. conditions for buildings. This definition shall also
include other systems specifically regulated in this
Types IV and V. Those systems using Class IV
code.
SBC 501-CR-18 15
DEFINITIONS
EQUIPMENT, EXISTING. Any equipment conditions of the listing.

regulated by this code which was legally installed
Masonry fireplace. A field-constructed fireplace
prior to the effective date of this code, or for which
composed of solid masonry units, bricks, stones or
a permit to install has been issued.
concrete.
EVAPORATIVE COOLER. A device used for
FIREPLACE STOVE. A free-standing chimney-
reducing the sensible heat of air for cooling by the
connected solid-fuel-burning heater, designed to be
process of evaporation of water into an airstream.
operated with the fire chamber doors in either the
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM. The open or closed position.
equipment and appliances intended or installed for
LAME SAFEGUARD. A device that will
the purpose of environmental cooling by an
automatically shut off the fuel supply to a main
evaporative cooler from which the conditioned air is
burner or group of burners when the means of
distributed through ducts or plenums to the
ignition of such burners becomes inoperative, and
conditioned area.
when flame failure occurs on the burner or group of
EVAPORATOR. That part of the system in which burners.
liquid refrigerant is vaporized to produce
FLAME SPREAD INDEX. The numerical value
refrigeration.
assigned to a material tested in accordance with
EXCESS AIR. The amount of air provided in ASTM E 84 or UL 723.
addition to theoretical air to achieve complete
FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION.
combustion of a fuel, thereby preventing the
Refrigerants shall be assigned to one of the three
formation of dangerous products of combustion.
classes—1, 2 or 3—in accordance with ASHRAE
EXFILTRATION. Uncontrolled outward air 34. For Classes 2 and 3, the heat of combustion shall
leakage from conditioned spaces through be calculated assuming that combustion products are
unintentional openings in ceilings, floors and walls in the gas phase and in their most stable state.
to unconditioned spaces or the outdoors caused by
Class 1. Refrigerants that do not show flame
pressure differences across these openings resulting
propagation when tested in air at 101 kPa and 60°C.
from wind, the stack effect created by temperature
differences between indoors and outdoors, and Class 2. Refrigerants having a lower flammability
imbalances between supply and exhaust airflow limit (LFL) of more than 00.10 kg/m3 at 60°C and
rates. 101 kPa and a heat of combustion of less than 19 000
kJ/kg.
EXHAUST SYSTEM. An assembly of connected
ducts, plenums, fittings, registers, grilles and hoods Class 3. Refrigerants that are highly flammable,
through which air is conducted from the space or having a LFL of less than or equal to 0.10 kg/m3 at
spaces and exhausted to the outdoor atmosphere. 60°C and 101 kPa or a heat of combustion greater
than or equal to 19000 kJ/kg.
EXTRA-HEAVY-DUTY COOKING
APPLIANCE. Extra-heavy-duty cooking FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS. Any liquid that has a
appliances are those utilizing open flame flash point below 38°C, and has a vapor pressure not
combustion of solid fuel at any time. exceeding 276 kPa at 38°C. Flammable liquids shall
be known as Class I liquids and shall be divided into
FIRE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts
the following classifications:
and air transfer openings designed to close
automatically upon detection of heat and to restrict Class IA. Liquids having a flash point below 23°C
the passage of flame. Fire dampers are classified for and a boiling point below 38°C.
use in either static systems that will automatically Class IB. Liquids having a flash point below 23°C
shut down in the event of a fire, or in dynamic and a boiling point at or above 38°C.
systems that continue to operate during a fire. A
dynamic fire damper is tested and rated for closure Class IC. Liquids having a flash point at or above
under elevated temperature airflow. 23°C and below 38°C.
FIREPLACE. An assembly consisting of a hearth FLAMMABLE VAPOR OR FUMES. Mixtures of
and fire chamber of noncombustible material and gases in air at concentrations equal to or greater than
provided with a chimney, for use with solid fuels. the LFL and less than or equal to the upper
flammability limit (UFL).
Factory-built fireplace. A listed and labeled
fireplace and chimney system composed of factory- FLASH POINT. The minimum temperature
made components, and assembled in the field in corrected to a pressure of 01 kPa at which the
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and the application of a test flame causes the vapors of a
SBC 501-CR-18 16
DEFINITIONS
portion of the sample to ignite under the conditions SYSTEM. Piping buried in horizontal or vertical
specified by the test procedures and apparatus. The excavations or placed in a body of water for the
flash point of a liquid shall be determined in purpose of transporting heat transfer liquid to and
accordance with ASTM D 56, ASTM D 93 or from a heat pump. Included in this definition are
ASTM D 3278. closed loop systems in which the liquid is re-
circulated and open loop systems in which the liquid
FLEXIBLE AIR CONNECTOR. A conduit for
is drawn from a well or other source.
transferring air between an air duct or plenum and an
air terminal unit or between an air duct or plenum Closed loop systems consist of loops of piping that
and an air inlet or air outlet. Such conduit is limited act as a heat exchanger. A heat transfer fluid,
in its use, length and location. typically water or a water/antifreeze mixture is
circulated through the piping for the purpose of
FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area,
extracting heat from or rejecting heat to the earth or
not including unoccupied accessory areas or
a body of water. The ground source loop system
thicknesses of walls.
serves either the condensing or evaporation side of a
FLOOR FURNACE. A completely self-contained refrigerant cycle heat pump system. Such systems
furnace suspended from the floor of the space being are part of a geothermal heating and cooling
heated, taking air for combustion from outside such (HVAC) system.
space and with means for observing flames and
HAZARDOUS LOCATION. Any location
lighting the appliance from such space.
considered to be a fire hazard for flammable vapors,
FLUE. A passageway within a chimney or vent dust, combustible fibers or other highly combustible
through which gaseous combustion products pass. substances. The location is not necessarily
FLUE CONNECTION (BREECHING). A categorized in the SBC 201 as a high-hazard use
passage for conducting the products of combustion group classification.
from a fuel-fired appliance to the vent or chimney HEAT EXCHANGER. A device that transfers heat
(see also “Chimney connector” and “Vent from one medium to another.
connector”).
HEAT PUMP. A refrigeration system that extracts
FLUE GASES. Products of combustion and excess heat from one substance and transfers it to another
air. portion of the same substance or to a second
FLUE LINER (LINING). A system or material substance at a higher temperature for a beneficial
used to form the inside surface of a flue in a chimney purpose.
or vent, for the purpose of protecting the surrounding HEAT TRANSFER LIQUID. The operating or
structure from the effects of combustion products thermal storage liquid in a mechanical system,
and conveying combustion products without leakage including water or other liquid base, and additives at
to the atmosphere. the concentration present under operating conditions
FUEL GAS. A natural gas, manufactured gas, used to move heat from one location to another.
liquefied petroleum gas or a mixture of these. Refrigerants are not included as heat transfer liquids.
FUEL OIL. Kerosene or any hydrocarbon oil HEAVY-DUTY COOKING APPLIANCE.

having a flash point not less than 38°C. Heavy-duty cooking appliances include electric
under-fired broilers, electric chain (conveyor)
FUEL-OIL PIPING SYSTEM. A closed piping broilers, gas under-fired broilers, gas chain
system that connects a combustible liquid from a (conveyor) broilers, gas open-burner ranges (with or
source of supply to a fuel-oil-burning appliance. without oven), electric and gas wok ranges, smokers,
FURNACE. A completely self-contained heating smoker ovens, and electric and gas over-fired
unit that is designed to supply heated air to spaces (upright) broilers and salamanders.
remote from or adjacent to the appliance location. HIGH-PROBABILITY SYSTEMS. A
FURNACE ROOM. A room primarily utilized for refrigeration system in which the basic design or the
the installation of fuel-burning, space-heating and location of components is such that a leakage of
water-heating appliances other than boilers (see also refrigerant from a failed connection, seal or
“Boiler room”). component will enter an occupancy classified area,
other than the machinery room.
FUSIBLE PLUG. A device arranged to relieve
pressure by operation of a fusible member at a HIGH-SIDE PRESSURE. The parts of a
predetermined temperature. refrigerating system subject to condenser pressure.
GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP LOOP HOOD. An air intake device used to capture by
SBC 501-CR-18 17
DEFINITIONS
entrapment, impingement, adhesion or similar cooled or heated, except that the evaporator or
means, grease, moisture, heat and similar condenser is placed in an open or appropriately
contaminants before they enter a duct system. vented tank.
Type I. A kitchen hood for collecting and removing INFILTRATION. Uncontrolled inward air leakage
grease vapors and smoke. Such hoods are equipped to conditioned spaces through unintentional
with a fire suppression system. openings in ceilings, floors and walls from
unconditioned spaces or the outdoors caused by
Type II. A general kitchen hood for collecting and
pressure differences across these openings resulting
removing steam, vapor, heat, odors and products of
from wind, the stack effect created by temperature
combustion.
differences between indoors and outdoors, and
HYDROGEN GENERATING APPLIANCE. A imbalances between supply and exhaust airflow
self-contained package or factory-matched packages rates.
of integrated systems for generating gaseous
INTERLOCK. A device actuated by another device
hydrogen. Hydrogen generating appliances utilize
with which it is directly associated, to govern
electrolysis, reformation, chemical, or other
succeeding operations of the same or allied devices.
processes to generate hydrogen.
A circuit in which a given action cannot occur until
IGNITION SOURCE. A flame, spark or hot after one or more other actions have taken place.
surface capable of igniting flammable vapors or
JOINT, FLANGED. A joint made by bolting
fumes. Such sources include appliance burners,
together a pair of flanged ends.
burner ignitors and electrical switching devices.
JOINT, FLARED. A metal-to-metal compression
IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR
joint in which a conical spread is made on the end of
HEALTH (IDLH). The concentration of airborne
a tube that is compressed by a flare nut against a
contaminants that poses a threat of death, immediate
mating flare.
or delayed permanent adverse health effects, or
effects that could prevent escape from such an JOINT, PLASTIC ADHESIVE. A joint made in
environment. This contaminant concentration level thermoset plastic piping by the use of an adhesive
is established by the National Institute of substance which forms a continuous bond between
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) based on the mating surfaces without dissolving either one of
both toxicity and flammability. It is generally them.
expressed in parts per million by volume (ppm v/v)
JOINT, PLASTIC HEAT FUSION. A joint made
or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/ m3).
in thermoplastic piping by heating the parts
INDIRECT REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. A sufficiently to permit fusion of the materials when
system in which a secondary coolant cooled or the parts are pressed together.
heated by the refrigerating system is circulated to the
JOINT, PLASTIC SOLVENT CEMENT. A joint
air or other substance to be cooled or heated. Indirect
made in thermoplastic piping by the use of a solvent
systems are distinguished by the following methods
or solvent cement which forms a continuous bond
of application:
between the mating surfaces.
Closed system. A system in which a secondary fluid
JOINT, SOLDERED. A gas-tight joint obtained by
is either cooled or heated by the refrigerating system
the joining of metal parts with metallic mixtures of
and then circulated within a closed circuit in indirect
alloys which melt at temperatures between 204°C
contact with the air or other substance to be cooled
and 538°C.
or heated.
JOINT, WELDED. A gas-tight joint obtained by
Double-indirect open-spray system. A system in
the joining of metal parts in molten state.
which the secondary substance for an indirect open-
spray system is heated or cooled by an intermediate LABELED. Equipment, materials or products to
coolant circulated from a second enclosure. which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or
other identifying mark of a nationally recognized
Open-spray system. A system in which a secondary
testing laboratory, inspection agency or other
coolant is cooled or heated by the refrigerating
organization concerned with product evaluation that
system and then circulated in direct contact with the
maintains periodic inspection of the production of
air or other substance to be cooled or heated.
the above-labeled items and whose labeling
Vented closed system. A system in which a indicates either that the equipment, material or
secondary coolant is cooled or heated by the product meets identified standards or has been tested
refrigerating system and then passed through a and found suitable for a specified purpose.
closed circuit in the air or other substance to be
SBC 501-CR-18 18
DEFINITIONS
LIGHT-DUTY COOKING APPLIANCE. Light- component will not enter an occupancy-classified

duty cooking appliances include gas and electric area, other than the machinery room.
ovens (including standard, bake, roasting, revolving,
LOW-SIDE PRESSURE. The parts of a
retherm, convection, combination
refrigerating system subject to evaporator pressure.
convection/steamer, countertop conveyorized
baking/finishing, deck and pastry), electric and gas MACHINERY ROOM. A room meeting
steam-jacketed kettles, electric and gas pasta prescribed safety requirements and in which
cookers, electric and gas compartment steamers refrigeration systems or components thereof are
(both pressure and atmospheric) and electric and gas located (see Sections 1105 and 1106).
cheesemelters. MECHANICAL DRAFT SYSTEM. A venting
LIMIT CONTROL. A device responsive to system designed to remove flue or vent gases by
changes in pressure, temperature or level for turning mechanical means, that consists of an induced-draft
on, shutting off or throttling the gas supply to an portion under nonpositive static pressure or a forced-
appliance. draft portion under positive static pressure.
LIMITED CHARGE SYSTEM. A system in Forced-draft venting system. A portion of a
which, with the compressor idle, the design pressure venting system using a fan or other mechanical
will not be exceeded when the refrigerant charge has means to cause the removal of flue or vent gases
completely evaporated. under positive static pressure.
LISTED. Equipment, materials, products or Induced-draft venting system. A portion of a
services included in a list published by an venting system using a fan or other mechanical
organization acceptable to the code official and means to cause the removal of flue or vent gases
concerned with evaluation of products or services under nonpositive static vent pressure.
that maintains periodic inspection of production of Power venting system. A portion of a venting
listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation system using a fan or other mechanical means to
of services and whose listing states either that the cause the removal of flue or vent gases under
equipment, material, product or service meets positive static vent pressure.
identified standards or has been tested and found
suitable for a specified purpose. MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT/APPLIANCE
ROOM. A room or space in which nonfuel-fired
LIVING SPACE. Space within a dwelling unit mechanical equipment and appliances are located.
utilized for living, sleeping, eating, cooking,
bathing, washing and sanitation purposes. MECHANICAL EXHAUST SYSTEM. A system
for removing air from a room or space by
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL). See “LFL.” mechanical means.
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT MECHANICAL JOINT.
(REFRIGERANT) (LFL). The minimum
concentration of refrigerant that is capable of MECHANICAL SYSTEM. A system specifically
propagating a flame through a homogeneous addressed and regulated in this code and composed
mixture of refrigerant and air. of components, devices, appliances and equipment.
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). The MEDIUM-DUTY COOKING APPLIANCE.
minimum concentration of vapor in air at which Medium duty cooking appliances include electric
propagation of flame will occur in the presence of an discrete element ranges (with or without oven),
ignition source. The LFL is sometimes referred to as electric and gas hot-top ranges, electric and gas
LEL or lower explosive limit. griddles, electric and gas double sided griddles,
electric and gas fryers (including open deep fat
LOW-PRESSURE HOT-WATER-HEATING fryers, donut fryers, kettle fryers and pressure
BOILER. A boiler furnishing hot water at pressures fryers), electric and gas conveyor pizza ovens,
not exceeding 1103 kPa and at temperatures not electric and gas tilting skillets (braising pans) and
exceeding 121°C. electric and gas rotisseries.
LOW-PRESSURE STEAM-HEATING MODULAR BOILER. A steam or hot-water-
BOILER. A boiler furnishing steam at pressures not heating assembly consisting of a group of individual
exceeding 103 kPa. boilers called modules intended to be installed as a
LOW-PROBABILITY SYSTEMS. A unit without intervening stop valves. Modules are
refrigeration system in which the basic design or the under one jacket or are individually jacketed. The
location of components is such that a leakage of individual modules shall be limited to a maximum
refrigerant from a failed connection, seal or input rating of 117228 W gas, 11.4 L/h oil, or 115
SBC 501-CR-18 19
DEFINITIONS
kW (electric). intended for human activities, excluding those

spaces intended primarily for other purposes, such as
NATURAL DRAFT SYSTEM. A venting system
storage rooms and equipment rooms, that are only
designed to remove flue or vent gases under
intended to be occupied occasionally and for short
nonpositive static vent pressure entirely by natural
periods of time.
draft.
OFFSET (VENT). A combination of approved
NATURAL VENTILATION. The movement of
bends that make two changes in direction bringing
air into and out of a space through intentionally
one section of the vent out of line but into a line
provided openings, such as windows and doors, or
parallel with the other section.
through non powered ventilators.
OUTDOOR AIR. Air taken from the outdoors, and
NET OCCUPIABLE FLOOR AREA. The floor
therefore not previously circulated through the
area of an occupiable space defined by the inside
system.
surfaces of its walls but excluding shafts, column
enclosures and other permanently enclosed, OUTDOOR OPENING. A door, window, louver
inaccessible and uncopiable areas. Obstructions in or skylight openable to the outdoor atmosphere.
the space such as furnishings, display or storage
OUTLET. A threaded connection or bolted flange
racks and other obstructions, whether temporary or
in a piping system to which a gas-burning appliance
permanent, shall not be deducted from the space
is attached.
area.
PANEL HEATING. A method of radiant space
NONABRASIVE/ABRASIVE MATERIALS.
heating in which heat is supplied by large heated
Nonabrasive particulate in high concentrations,
areas of room surfaces. The heating element usually
moderately abrasive particulate in low and moderate
consists of warm water piping, warm air ducts, or
concentrations, and highly abrasive particulate in
electrical resistance elements embedded in or
low concentrations, such as alfalfa, asphalt, plaster,
located behind ceiling, wall or floor surfaces.
gypsum and salt.
PELLET FUEL-BURNING APPLIANCE. A
NONCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. Materials
closed-combustion, vented appliance equipped with
that, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 136,
a fuel-feed mechanism for burning processed pellets
have at least three of four specimens tested meeting
of solid fuel of a specified size and composition.
all of the following criteria:
PIPING. Where used in this code, “piping”refers to
1. The recorded temperature of the surface and
either pipe or tubing, or both.
interior thermocouples shall not at any time
during the test rise more than 30°C above the Pipe. A rigid conduit of iron, steel, copper, brass or
furnace temperature at the beginning of the plastic.
test. Tubing. Semi rigid conduit of copper, aluminum,
2. There shall not be flaming from the specimen plastic or steel.
after the first 30 seconds. PLASTIC, THERMOPLASTIC. A plastic that is
3. If the weight loss of the specimen during capable of being repeatedly softened by increase of
testing exceeds 50 percent, the recorded temperature and hardened by decrease of
temperature of the surface and interior temperature.
thermocouples shall not at any time during the PLASTIC, THERMOSETTING. A plastic that is
test rise above the furnace air temperature at capable of being changed into a substantially
the beginning of the test, and there shall not infusible or insoluble product when cured under
be flaming of the specimen. application of heat or chemical means.
OCCUPANCY. The purpose for which a building, PLENUM. An enclosed portion of the building
or portion thereof, is utilized or occupied. structure, other than an occupiable space being
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT (OEL). conditioned, that is designed to allow air movement,
The time-weighted average (TWA) concentration and thereby serve as part of an air distribution
for a normal eight-hour workday and a 40-hour system.
workweek to which nearly all workers can be PORTABLE FUEL CELL APPLIANCE. A fuel
repeatedly exposed without adverse effect, based on cell generator of electricity, which is not fixed in
the OSHA PEL, ACGIH TLV-TWA, AIHA WEEL, place. A portable fuel cell appliance utilizes a cord
or consistent value. and plug connection to a grid-isolated load and has
OCCUPIABLE SPACE. An enclosed space an integral fuel supply.
SBC 501-CR-18 20
DEFINITIONS
POWER BOILER. See “Boiler.” heat primarily by direct radiation.

PREMISES. A lot, plot or parcel of land, including READY ACCESS (TO). That which enables a
any structure thereon. device, appliance or equipment to be directly
reached, without requiring the removal or movement
PRESS JOINT. A permanent mechanical joint
of any panel, door or similar obstruction [see
incorporating an elastomeric seal or an elastomeric
“Access (to)”].
seal and corrosion-resistant grip ring. The joint is
made with a pressing tool and jaw or ring approved RECEIVER, LIQUID. A vessel permanently
by the fitting manufacturer. connected to a refrigeration system by inlet and
outlet pipes for storage of liquid refrigerant.
PRESSURE, FIELD TEST. A test performed in
the field to prove system tightness. RECIRCULATED AIR. Air removed from a
conditioned space and intended for reuse as supply
PRESSURE-LIMITING DEVICE. A pressure-
air.
responsive mechanism designed to stop
automatically the operation of the pressure-imposing RECLAIMED REFRIGERANTS. Refrigerants
element at a predetermined pressure. reprocessed to the same specifications as for new
refrigerants by means including distillation. Such
PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE. A pressure-
refrigerants have been chemically analyzed to verify
actuated valve or rupture member designed to
that the specifications have been met. Reclaiming
relieve excessive pressure automatically.
usually implies the use of processes or procedures
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE. A pressure- that are available only at a reprocessing or
actuated valve held closed by a spring or other manufacturing facility.
means and designed to relieve pressure
RECOVERED REFRIGERANTS. Refrigerants
automatically in excess of the device’s setting.
removed from a system in any condition without
PRESSURE VESSELS. Closed containers, tanks necessarily testing or processing them.
or vessels that are designed to contain liquids or
RECYCLED REFRIGERANTS. Refrigerants
gases, or both, under pressure.
from which contaminants have been reduced by oil
PRESSURE VESSELS—REFRIGERANT. Any separation, removal of noncondensable gases, and
refrigerant-containing receptacle in a refrigerating single or multiple passes through devices that reduce
system. This does not include evaporators where moisture, acidity and particulate matter, such as
each separate section does not exceed 0.014 m3 of replaceable core filter driers. These procedures
refrigerant-containing volume, regardless of the usually are performed at the field job site or in a local
maximum inside dimensions, evaporator coils, service shop.
controls, headers, pumps and piping.
REFRIGERANT. A substance utilized to produce
PROTECTIVE ASSEMBLY (REDUCED refrigeration by its expansion or vaporization.
CLEARANCE). Any noncombustible assembly
REFRIGERANT SAFETY
that is labeled or constructed in accordance with
CLASSIFICATIONS. Groupings that indicate the
Table 308.4.2 and is placed between combustible
toxicity and flammability classes in accordance with
materials or assemblies and mechanical appliances,
Section 1103.1. The classification group is made up
devices or equipment, for the purpose of reducing
of a letter (A or B) that indicates the toxicity class,
required airspace clearances. Protective assemblies
followed by a number (1, 2 or 3) that indicates the
attached directly to a combustible assembly shall not
flammability class. Refrigerant blends are similarly
be considered as part of that combustible assembly.
classified, based on the compositions at their worst
PURGE. To clear of air, water or other foreign cases of fractionation, as separately determined for
substances. toxicity and flammability. In some cases, the worst
PUSH-FIT JOINTS. A type of mechanical joint case of fractionation is the original formulation.
consisting of elastomeric seals and corrosion- Flammability. See “Flammability classification.”
resistant tube grippers. Such joints are permanent or
Toxicity. See “Toxicity classification.”
removable depending on the design.
REFRIGERATED ROOM OR SPACE. A room
QUICK-OPENING VALVE. A valve that opens
or space in which an evaporator or brine coil is
completely by fast action, either manually or
located for the purpose of reducing or controlling the
automatically controlled. A valve requiring one-
temperature within the room or space to below 20°C.
quarter round turn or less is considered to be quick
opening. REFRIGERATING SYSTEM. A combination of
interconnected refrigerant-containing parts
RADIANT HEATER. A heater designed to transfer
SBC 501-CR-18 21
DEFINITIONS
constituting one closed refrigerant circuit in which a RETURN AIR SYSTEM. An assembly of
refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of extracting connected ducts, plenums, fittings, registers and
heat. grilles through which air from the space or spaces to
be heated or cooled is conducted back to the supply
REFRIGERATION CAPACITY RATING.
unit (see also “Supply air system”).
Expressed as 0.75 kW, 1 ton or 3.5 kW, shall all
mean the same quantity. ROOM HEATER VENTED. A free-standing
heating unit burning solid or liquid fuel for direct
REFRIGERATION MACHINERY ROOM. See
heating of the space in and adjacent to that in which
“Machinery room.”
the unit is located.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, ABSORPTION.
SAFETY VALVE. A valve that relieves pressure in
A heat-operated, closed-refrigeration cycle in which
a steam boiler by opening fully at the rated discharge
a secondary fluid (the absorbent) absorbs a primary
pressure. The valve is of the spring-pop type.
fluid (the refrigerant) that has been vaporized in the
evaporator. SELF-CONTAINED EQUIPMENT. Complete,
factory-assembled and tested, heating, air-
Direct system. A system in which the evaporator is
conditioning or refrigeration equipment installed as
in direct contact with the material or space
a single unit, and having all working parts, complete
refrigerated, or is located in air-circulating passages
with motive power, in an enclosed unit of said
communicating with such spaces.
machinery.
Indirect system. A system in which a brine coil
SHAFT. An enclosed space extending through one
cooled by the refrigerant is circulated to the material
or more stories of a building, connecting vertical
or space refrigerated, or is utilized to cool the air so
openings in successive floors, or floors and the roof.
circulated. Indirect systems are distinguished by the
type or method of application. SHAFT ENCLOSURE. The walls or construction
forming the boundaries of a shaft.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION. Refrigeration systems are SLEEPING UNIT. A room or space in which
classified according to the degree of probability that people sleep, which can also include permanent
leaked refrigerant from a failed connection, seal or provisions for living, eating, and either sanitation or
component will enter an occupied area. The kitchen facilities but not both. Such rooms and
distinction is based on the basic design or location of spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not
the components. sleeping units.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, MECHANICAL. SMOKE DAMPER. A listed device installed in
A combination of interconnected refrigeration- ducts and air transfer openings designed to resist the
containing parts constituting one closed refrigerant passage of smoke. The device is installed to operate
circuit in which a refrigerant is circulated for the automatically, controlled by a smoke detection
purpose of extracting heat and in which a system, and where required, is capable of being
compressor is used for compressing the refrigerant positioned from a fire command center.
vapor.
SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX. A numerical
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM, SELF- value assigned to a material tested in accordance
CONTAINED. A complete factory-assembled and with ASTM E 84.
tested system that is shipped in one or more sections
SOLID FUEL (COOKING APPLICATIONS).
and that does not have refrigerant-containing parts
Applicable to commercial food service operations
that are joined in the field by other than companion
only, solid fuel is any bulk material such as
or block valves.
hardwood, mesquite, charcoal or briquettes that is
REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An combusted to produce heat for cooking operations.
individual who is registered or licensed to practice
SOURCE CAPTURE SYSTEM. A mechanical
their respective design profession as defined by the
exhaust system designed and constructed to capture
statutory requirements of the professional
air contaminants at their source and to exhaust such
registration laws of the Saudi Arabian government
contaminants to the outdoor atmosphere.
or jurisdiction in which the project is to be
constructed. STATIONARY FUEL CELL POWER PLANT.
A self-contained package or factory-matched
RETURN AIR. Air removed from an approved
packages which constitute an automatically operated
conditioned space or location and recirculated or
assembly of integrated systems for generating useful
exhausted.
electrical energy and recoverable thermal energy
SBC 501-CR-18 22
DEFINITIONS
that is permanently connected and fixed in place. or other chemical in air for a normal 80hour
STEAM-HEATING BOILER. A boiler operated workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which
at pressures not exceeding 103 kPa for steam. nearly all workers are repeatedly exposed, day
after day, without adverse effects, as adopted by
STOP VALVE. A shutoff valve for controlling the
the American Conference of Government
flow of liquid or gases.
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
STORY. That portion of a building included TOILET ROOM. A room containing a water closet
between the upper surface of a floor and the upper and, frequently, a lavatory, but not a bathtub,
surface of the floor next above, except that the shower, spa or similar bathing fixture.
topmost story shall be that portion of a building
included between the upper surface of the topmost TOXICITY CLASSIFICATION. Refrigerants
floor and the ceiling or roof above. shall be classified for toxicity in one of two classes
in accordance with ASHRAE 34:
STRENGTH, ULTIMATE. The highest stress
level that the component will tolerate without Class A. Refrigerants that have an occupational
rupture. exposure limit (OEL) of 400 parts per million (ppm)
or greater.
SUPPLY AIR. The air delivered to each or any
space supplied by the air distribution system or the Class B. Refrigerants that have an OEL of less than
total air delivered to all spaces supplied by the air 400 ppm.
distribution system, which is provided for TRANSITION FITTINGS, PLASTIC TO
ventilating, heating, cooling, humidification, STEEL. An adapter for joining plastic pipe to steel
dehumidification and other similar purposes. pipe. The purpose of this fitting is to provide a
SUPPLY AIR SYSTEM. An assembly of permanent, pressure-tight connection between two
connected ducts, plenums, fittings, registers and materials which cannot be joined directly one to
grilles through which air, heated or cooled, is another.
conducted from the supply unit to the space or UNIT HEATER. A self-contained appliance of the
spaces to be heated or cooled (see also “Return air fan type, designed for the delivery of warm air
system”). directly into the space in which the appliance is
THEORETICAL AIR. The exact amount of air located.
required to supply oxygen for complete combustion VENT. A pipe or other conduit composed of
of a given quantity of a specific fuel. factory-made components, containing a passageway
THERMAL RESISTANCE (R). A measure of the for conveying combustion products and air to the
ability to retard the flow of heat. The R-value is the atmosphere, listed and labeled for use with a specific
reciprocal of thermal conductance. type or class of appliance.
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION AGENCY. Pellet vent. A vent listed and labeled for use with
An approved agency operating a product or material listed pellet-fuel-burning appliances.
certification system that incorporates initial product Type L vent. A vent listed and labeled for use with
testing, assessment and surveillance of a the following:
manufacturer’s quality control system.
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFIED. Certification VENT CONNECTOR. The pipe that connects an
obtained by the manufacturer indicating that the approved fuel-fired appliance to a vent.
function and performance characteristics of a
product or material have been determined by testing VENT DAMPER DEVICE, AUTOMATIC. A
and ongoing surveillance by an approved third-party device intended for installation in the venting
certification agency. Assertion of certification is in system, in the outlet of an individual automatically
the form of identification in accordance with the operated fuel-burning appliance that is designed to
requirements of the third-party certification agency. open the venting system automatically when the
appliance is in operation and to close off the venting
THIRD-PARTY TESTED. Procedure by system automatically when the appliance is in a
which an approved testing laboratory provides standby or shutdown condition.
documentation that a product, material or VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical
system conforms to specified requirements. process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned
TLV-TWA (THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE- air to, or removing such air from, any space.
TIME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE). The time-
VENTILATION AIR. That portion of supply air
weighted average concentration of a refrigerant
SBC 501-CR-18 23
DEFINITIONS
that comes from the outside (outdoors), plus any WATER HEATER. Any heating appliance or
recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the equipment that heats potable water and supplies such
desired quality of air within a designated space. water to the potable hot water distribution system.
VENTING SYSTEM. A continuous open ZONE. One occupiable space or several occupiable
passageway from the flue collar of an appliance to spaces with similar occupancy classification (see
the outdoor atmosphere for the purpose of removing Table 403.3.1.1), occupant density, zone air
flue or vent gases. A venting system is usually distribution effectiveness and zone primary airflow
composed of a vent or a chimney and vent connector, rate per unit area.
if used, assembled to form the open passageway.
SBC 501-CR-18 24
GENERAL REGULATIONS
GENERAL REGULATIONS
SECTION 301 GENERAL 301.8.1 Testing.

301.1 Scope. An approved agency shall test a representative
sample of the mechanical equipment and appliances
This chapter shall govern the approval and
being labeled to the relevant standard or standards.
installation of all equipment and appliances that
The approved agency shall maintain a record of all
comprise parts of the building mechanical systems of the tests performed. The record shall provide
regulated by this code in accordance with Section sufficient detail to verify compliance with the test
101.2. standard.
301.2 Energy utilization.
301.8.2 Inspection and identification.
Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems of
The approved agency shall periodically perform an
all structures shall be designed and installed for
inspection, which shall be in-plant if necessary, of
efficient utilization of energy in accordance with the the mechanical equipment and appliances to be
SBC 601 and SBC 602. labeled. The inspection shall verify that the labeled
301.3 Identification. mechanical equipment and appliances are
representative of the mechanical equipment and
Each length of pipe and tubing and each pipe fitting
appliances tested.
utilized in a mechanical system shall bear the
identification of the manufacturer. 301.8.2.1 Independent.
301.4 Plastic pipe, fittings and components. The agency to be approved shall be objective and
competent. To confirm its objectivity, the agency
Plastic pipe, fittings and components shall be third-
shall disclose all possible conflicts of interest.
party certified as conforming to NSF 14.
301.8.2.2 Equipment.
301.5 Third-party testing and certification.
An approved agency shall have adequate equipment
Piping, tubing and fittings shall comply with the
to perform all required tests. The equipment shall be
applicable referenced standards, specifications and
periodically calibrated.
performance criteria of this code and shall be
identified in accordance with Section 301.3. Piping,
tubing and fittings shall either be tested by an
301.8.2.3 Personnel.
approved third-party testing agency or certified by
an approved third-party certification agency. An approved agency shall employ experienced
personnel educated in conducting, supervising and
301.6 Fuel gas appliances and equipment.
evaluating tests.
The approval and installation of fuel gas distribution
301.9 Label information.
piping and equipment, fuel gas-fired appliances and
fuel gas-fired appliance venting systems shall be in A permanent factory-applied nameplate(s) shall be
accordance with the SBC 1201. affixed to appliances on which shall appear in
legible lettering, the manufacturer’s name or
301.7 Listed and labeled.
trademark, the model number, serial number and the
Appliances regulated by this code shall be listed and seal or mark of the approved agency. A label shall
labeled for the application in which they are also include the following:
installed and used, unless otherwise approved in
1. Electrical equipment and appliances:
accordance with Section 105.
Electrical rating in volts, amperes and motor
Exception: Listing and labeling of equipment and phase; identification of individual electrical
appliances used for refrigeration shall be in components in volts, amperes or watts, motor
accordance with Section 1101.2. phase; W output; and required clearances.
301.8 Labeling. 2. Absorption units: W; minimum hourly rating
Labeling shall be in accordance with the procedures for units having step or automatic modulating
set forth in Sections 301.8.1 through 301.8.2.3. controls; type of fuel; type of refrigerant;
SBC 501-CR-18 25
GENERAL REGULATIONS
cooling capacity in W; and required attendant equipment.

clearances.
Exception: Mechanical systems, equipment and
3. Fuel-burning units: Hourly rating in W; type appliances are permitted to be located below the
of fuel approved for use with the appliance; elevation required by Section 1612 of the of the SBC
and required clearances. 201 for utilities and attendant equipment provided
that they are designed and installed to prevent water
4. Electric comfort heating appliances: electric
from entering or accumulating within the
rating in volts, amperes and phase; W output
components and to resist hydrostatic and
rating; individual marking for each electrical
hydrodynamic loads and stresses, including the
component in amperes or watts, volts and
effects of buoyancy, during the occurrence of
phase; and required clearances from
flooding up to such elevation.
combustibles.
301.16.1 Coastal high-hazar d ar eas and
301.10 Electrical.
coastal A zones.
Electrical wiring, controls and connections to
In coastal high-hazard areas and coastal A zones,
equipment and appliances regulated by this code
mechanical systems and equipment shall not be
shall be in accordance with NFPA 70.
mounted on or penetrate walls intended to break
301.11 Plumbing connections. away under flood loads.
Potable water supply and building drainage system 301.17 Rodentproofing.
connections to equipment and appliances regulated
Buildings or structures and the walls enclosing
by this code shall be in accordance with the SBC
habitable or occupiable rooms and spaces in which
701.
persons live, sleep or work, or in which feed, food or
301.12 Fuel types. foodstuffs are stored, prepared, processed, served or
Fuel-fired appliances shall be designed for use with sold, shall be constructed to protect against the
the type of fuel to which they will be connected and entrance of rodents in accordance with the SBC 201.
the altitude at which they are installed. Appliances 301.18 Seismic resistance.
that comprise parts of the building mechanical
Where earthquake loads are applicable in
system shall not be converted for the usage of a
accordance with the SBC 201, mechanical system
different fuel, except where approved and converted
supports shall be designed and installed for the
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
seismic forces in accordance with the SBC 201.
The fuel input rate shall not be increased or
decreased beyond the limit rating for the altitude at SECTION 302 PROTECTION OF
which the appliance is installed. STRUCTURE
301.13 Vibration isolation. 302.1 Structural safety.
Where vibration isolation of equipment and The building or structure shall not be weakened by
appliances is employed, an approved means of the installation of mechanical systems. Where
supplemental restraint shall be used to accomplish floors, walls, ceilings or any other portion of the
the support and restraint. building or structure are required to be altered or
301.14 Repair. replaced in the process of installing or repairing any
system, the building or structure shall be left in a safe
Defective material or parts shall be replaced or structural condition in accordance with the SBC 201.
repaired in such a manner so as to preserve the
original approval or listing. 302.2 Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies
and fire-resistance-rated assemblies.
301.15 Wind resistance.
Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies and
Mechanical equipment, appliances and supports that assemblies required to have a fire-resistance rating
are exposed to wind shall be designed and installed shall be protected in accordance with Chapter 7 of
to resist the wind pressures determined in the SBC 201.
accordance with the SBC 201.
302.3 Cutting, notching and boring in wood
301.16 Flood hazard. framing.
For structures located in flood hazard areas, The cutting, notching and boring of wood framing
mechanical systems, equipment and appliances shall members shall comply with Sections 302.3.1
be located at or above the elevation required by through 302.3.4.
Section 1612 of the SBC 201 for utilities and
SBC 501-CR-18 26
GENERAL REGULATIONS
302.3.1 Joist notching. 302.5.1 Cutting, notching and bor ing holes in
str uctur al steel framing.
Notches on the ends of joists shall not exceed one-
fourth the joist depth. Holes bored in joists shall not The cutting, notching and boring of holes in
be within 50 mm of the top or bottom of the joist, structural steel framing members shall be as
and the diameter of any such hole shall not exceed prescribed by the registered design professional.
one-third the depth of the joist. Notches in the top or
302.5.2 Cutting, notching and bor ing holes in
bottom of joists shall not exceed one-sixth the depth
cold-for med steel framing.
and shall not be located in the middle third of the
span. Flanges and lips of load-bearing cold-formed steel
framing members shall not be cut or notched. Holes
302.3.2 Stud cutting and notching.
in webs of load-bearing cold-formed steel framing
In exterior walls and bearing partitions, a wood stud members shall be permitted along the centerline of
shall not be cut or notched in excess of 25 percent of the web of the framing member and shall not exceed
its depth. In nonbearing partitions that do not support the dimensional limitations, penetration spacing or
loads other than the weight of the partition, a stud minimum hole edge distance as prescribed by the
shall not be cut or notched in excess of 40 percent of registered design professional. Cutting, notching
its depth. and boring holes of steel floor/roof decking shall be
as prescribed by the registered design professional.
302.3.3 Bored holes.
302.5.3 Cutting, notching and bor ing holes in
The diameter of bored holes in wood studs shall not
nonstr uctur al cold-for med steel wall framing.
exceed 40 percent of the stud depth. The diameter of
bored holes in wood studs shall not exceed 60 Flanges and lips of nonstructural cold-formed steel
percent of the stud depth in nonbearing partitions. wall studs shall not be cut or notched. Holes in webs
The diameter of bored holes in wood studs shall not of nonstructural cold formed steel wall studs shall be
exceed 60 percent of the stud depth in any wall permitted along the centerline of the web of the
where each stud is doubled, provided that not more framing member, shall not exceed 38 mm in width
than two such successive doubled studs are so bored. or 100 mm in length, and shall not be spaced less
The edge of the bored hole shall be not closer than than 600 mm center to center from another hole or
15.9 mm to the edge of the stud. Bored holes shall less than 250 mm from the bearing end.
be not located at the same section of stud as a cut or
notch.
SECTION 303 EQUIPMENT AND
APPLIANCE LOCATION
302.3.4 Engineer ed wood pr oducts.
303.1 General.
Cuts, notches and holes bored in trusses, structural
composite lumber, structural glue-laminated Equipment and appliances shall be located as
members and I-joists are prohibited except where required by this section, specific requirements
permitted by the manufacturer’s recommendations elsewhere in this code and the conditions of the
or where the effects of such alterations are equipment and appliance listing.
specifically considered in the design of the member 303.2 Hazardous locations.
by a registered design professional.
Appliances shall not be located in a hazardous
302.4 Alterations to trusses. location unless listed and approved for the specific
Truss members and components shall not be cut, installation.
drilled, notched, spliced or otherwise altered in any 303.3 Prohibited locations.
way without written concurrence and approval of a
registered design professional. Alterations resulting Fuel-fired appliances shall not be located in, or
in the addition of loads to any member, such as obtain combustion air from, any of the following
HVAC equipment and water heaters, shall not be rooms or spaces:
permitted without verification that the truss is 1. Sleeping rooms.
capable of supporting such additional loading.
2. Bathrooms.
302.5 Cutting, notching and boring in steel
3. Toilet rooms.
framing.
4. Storage closets.
The cutting, notching and boring of steel framing
members shall comply with Sections 302.5.1 5. Surgical rooms.
through 302.5.3.
Exception: This section shall not apply to the
following appliances:
SBC 501-CR-18 27
GENERAL REGULATIONS
1. Direct-vent appliances that obtain all installation instructions occur, the provisions of this
combustion air directly from the outdoors. code shall apply.
2. Solid fuel-fired appliances, provided that Exception: Where a code provision is less
combustion air is provided in accordance with restrictive than the conditions of the listing of the
the manufacturers’ instructions. equipment or appliance or the manufacturer’s
installation instructions, the conditions of the listing
3. Appliances installed in a dedicated enclosure
and the manufacturer’s installation instructions shall
in which all combustion air is taken directly
apply. Although very rare, there are some code
from the outdoors, in accordance with
provisions that intentionally differ or conflict with
Chapter 7. Access to such enclosure shall be
the manufacturer’s installation instructions. For
through a solid door, weather-stripped in
example, Section 903.3 places a restriction on
accordance with the exterior door air leakage
unvented gas log heaters that may or may not agree
requirements of the SBC 601/ SBC 602 and
with the manufacturer’s instructions; however, this
equipped with an approved self-closing
restriction is intentional and overrides the
device.
manufacturer’s instructions.
303.4 Protection from damage.
304.3 Elevation of ignition source.
Appliances shall not be installed in a location where
Equipment and appliances having an ignition source
subject to mechanical damage unless protected by
and located in hazardous locations and public
approved barriers.
garages, private garages, repair garages, automotive
303.5 Indoor locations. motor fuel-dispensing facilities and parking garages
Furnaces and boilers installed in closets and alcoves shall be elevated such that the source of ignition is
shall be listed for such installation. not less than 450 mm above the floor surface on
which the equipment or appliance rests. For the
303.6 Outdoor locations. purpose of this section, rooms or spaces that are not
Appliances installed in other than indoor locations part of the living space of a dwelling unit and that
shall be listed and labeled for outdoor installation. communicate directly with a private garage through
openings shall be considered to be part of the private
303.7 Pit locations. garage.
Appliances installed in pits or excavations shall not Exception: Elevation of the ignition source is not
come in direct contact with the surrounding soil. The required for appliances that are listed as flammable
sides of the pit or excavation shall be held back not vapor ignition resistant.
less than 300 mm from the appliance. Where the
depth exceeds 300 mm below adjoining grade, the 304.3.1 Par king gar ages.
walls of the pit or excavation shall be lined with Connection of a parking garage with any room in
concrete or masonry. Such concrete or masonry shall which there is a fuel-fired appliance shall be by
extend not less than 100 mm above adjoining grade means of a vestibule providing a two-doorway
and shall have sufficient lateral load-bearing separation, except that a single door is permitted
capacity to resist collapse. The appliance shall be where the sources of ignition in the appliance are
protected from flooding in an approved manner. elevated in accordance with Section 304.3.
303.8 Elevator shafts. Exception: This section shall not apply to appliance
Mechanical systems shall not be located in an installations complying with Section 304.6.
elevator shaft. 304.4 Prohibited equipment and appliance
location.
SECTION 304 INSTALLATION
Equipment and appliances having an ignition source
304.1 General.
shall not be installed in Group H occupancies or
Equipment and appliances shall be installed as control areas where open use, handling or dispensing
required by the terms of their approval, in of combustible, flammable or explosive materials
accordance with the conditions of the listing, the occurs.
manufacturer’s installation instructions and this
304.5 Hydrogen-generating and refueling
code. Manufacturer’s installation instructions shall
operations.
be available on the job site at the time of inspection.
Hydrogen-generating and refueling appliances shall
304.2 Conflicts.
be installed and located in accordance with their
Where conflicts between this code and the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions.
conditions of listing or the manufacturer’s
SBC 501-CR-18 28
GENERAL REGULATIONS
Ventilation shall be required in accordance with 304.5.3 Specially engineer ed installations.

Section 304.5.1, 304.5.2 or 304.5.3 in public
As an alternative to the provisions of Sections
garages, private garages, repair garages, automotive
304.5.1 and 304.5.2, the necessary supply of air for
motor fuel-dispensing facilities and parking garages
ventilation and dilution of flammable gases shall be
that contain hydrogen-generating appliances or
provided by an approved engineered system.
refueling systems. For the purpose of this section,
rooms or spaces that are not part of the living space 304.6 Public garages.
of a dwelling unit and that communicate directly Appliances located in public garages, motor fueling-
with a private garage through openings shall be dispensing facilities, repair garages or other areas
considered to be part of the private garage. frequented by motor vehicles, shall be installed not
304.5.1 Natur al ventilation. less than 2400 mm above the floor. Where motor
vehicles are capable of passing under an appliance,
Indoor locations intended for hydrogen-generating
the appliance shall be installed at the clearances
or refueling operations shall be limited to a
required by the appliance manufacturer and not less
maximum floor area of 79 m2 and shall communicate
than 300 mm higher than the tallest vehicle garage
with the outdoors in accordance with Sections
door opening.
304.5.1.1 and 304.5.1.2. The maximum rated output
capacity of hydrogen-generating appliances shall not Exception: The requirements of this section shall
exceed 0.00189 m3/s of hydrogen for each 23.2 m2 not apply where the appliances are protected from
of floor area in such spaces. The minimum cross- motor vehicle impact and installed in accordance
sectional dimension of air openings shall be 75 mm. with Section 304.3 and NFPA 30A.
Where ducts are used, they shall be of the same 304.7 Private garages.
cross-sectional area as the free area of the openings
to which they connect. In such locations, equipment Appliances located in private garages and carports
and appliances having an ignition source shall be shall be installed with a minimum clearance of 1800
located such that the source of ignition is not within mm above the floor.
300 mm of the ceiling. Exception: The requirements of this section shall
304.5.1.1 Two openings. not apply where the appliances are protected from
motor vehicle impact and installed in accordance
Two permanent openings shall be provided within with Section 304.3.
the garage. The upper opening shall be located
entirely within 300 mm of the ceiling of the garage. 304.8 Construction and protection.
The lower opening shall be located entirely within Boiler rooms and furnace rooms shall be protected
300 mm of the floor of the garage. Both openings as required by the SBC 201.
shall be provided in the same exterior wall. The
openings shall communicate directly with the 304.9 Clearances to combustible construction.
outdoors and shall have a minimum free area of Heat-producing equipment and appliances shall be
1m2/610 m3 of garage volume. installed to maintain the required clearances to
304.5.1.2 Louvers and grilles. combustible construction as specified in the listing
and manufacturer’s instructions. Such clearances
In calculating free area required by Section 304.5.1, shall be reduced only in accordance with Section
the required size of openings shall be based on the 308. Clearances to combustibles shall include such
net free area of each opening. If the free area through considerations as door swing, drawer pull, overhead
a design of louver or grille is known, it shall be used projections or shelving and window swing, shutters,
in calculating the size opening required to provide coverings and drapes. Devices such as doorstops or
the free area specified. If the design and free area are limits, closers, drapery ties or guards shall not be
not known, it shall be assumed that wood louvers used to provide the required clearances.
will have 25 percent free area and metal louvers and
grilles will have 75 percent free area. Louvers and 304.10 Clearances from grade.
grilles shall be fixed in the open position. Equipment and appliances installed at grade level
304.5.2 Mechanical ventilation. shall be supported on a level concrete slab or other
approved material extending not less than 75 mm
Indoor locations intended for hydrogen-generating above adjoining grade or shall be suspended not less
or refueling operations shall be ventilated in than 150 mm above adjoining grade. Such support
accordance with Section 502.16. In such locations, shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
equipment and appliances having an ignition source installation instructions.
shall be located such that the source of ignition is
below the mechanical ventilation outlet(s). 304.11 Guards.
SBC 501-CR-18 29
GENERAL REGULATIONS
Guards shall be provided where various components studs, joists, rafters or similar members less than 38
that require service and roof hatch openings are mm from the nearest edge of the member, the pipe
located within 3000 mm of a roof edge or open side shall be protected by shield plates. Protective steel
of a walking surface and such edge or open side is shield plates having a minimum thickness of 1.463
located more than 750 mm above the floor, roof, or mm (No. 16 gage) shall cover the area of the pipe
grade below. The guard shall extend not less than where the member is notched or bored, and shall
750 mm beyond each end of components that require extend not less than 50 mm above sole plates and
service. The top of the guard shall be located not less below top plates.
than 1100 mm above the elevated surface adjacent
to the guard. The guard shall be constructed so as to
SECTION 306 ACCESS AND SERVICE
prevent the passage of a 525 mm-diameter sphere SPACE
and shall comply with the loading requirements for 306.1 Access.
guards specified in the SBC 201.
Appliances, controls devices, heat exchangers and
Exception: Guards are not required where HVAC system components that utilize energy shall
permanent fall arrest/restraint anchorage connector be accessible for inspection, service, repair and
devices that comply with ANSI/ASSE Z 359.1 are replacement without disabling the function of a fire-
affixed for use during the entire lifetime of the roof resistance-rated assembly or removing permanent
covering. The devices shall be re-evaluated for construction, other appliances, venting systems or
possible replacement when the entire roof covering any other piping or ducts not connected to the
is replaced. The devices shall be placed not more appliance being inspected, serviced, repaired or
than 3000 mm on center along hip and ridge lines replaced. A level working space not less than 750
and placed not less than 3000 mm from roof edges mm deep and 750 mm wide shall be provided in
and the open sides of walking surfaces. front of the control side to service an appliance.
304.12 Area served. 306.1.1 Centr al fur naces.
Appliances serving different areas of a building Central furnaces within compartments or alcoves
other than where they are installed shall be shall have a minimum working space clearance of
permanently marked in an approved manner that 75 mm along the sides, back and top with a total
uniquely identifies the appliance and the area it width of the enclosing space being not less than 300
serves. mm wider than the furnace. Furnaces having a
SECTION 305 PIPING SUPPORT firebox open to the atmosphere shall have not less
than 150 mm working space along the front
305.1 General. combustion chamber side. Combustion air openings
Mechanical system piping shall be supported in at the rear or side of the compartment shall comply
accordance with this section. with the requirements of Chapter 7.
305.2 Materials. Exception: This section shall not apply to

replacement appliances installed in existing
Pipe hangers and supports shall have sufficient compartments and alcoves where the working space
strength to withstand all anticipated static and clearances are in accordance with the equipment or
specified dynamic loading conditions associated appliance manufacturer’s installation instructions.
with the intended use. Pipe hangers and supports that
are in direct contact with piping shall be of approved 306.2 Appliances in rooms.
materials that are compatible with the piping and Rooms containing appliances shall be provided with
that will not promote galvanic action. a door and an unobstructed passage-way measuring
305.3 Structural attachment. not less than 900 mm wide and 2000 mm high.
Hangers and anchors shall be attached to the Exception: Within a dwelling unit, appliances
building construction in an approved manner. installed in a compartment, alcove, basement or
similar space shall be accessed by an opening or
305.4 Interval of support. door and an unobstructed passageway measuring not
Piping shall be supported at distances not exceeding less than 600 mm wide and large enough to allow
the spacing specified in Table 305.4, or in removal of the largest appliance in the space,
accordance with ANSI/MSS SP-58. provided that a level service space of not less than
750 mm deep and the height of the appliance, but
305.5 Protection against physical damage. not less than 750 mm, is present at the front or
In concealed locations where piping, other than cast- service side of the appliance with the door open.
iron or steel, is installed through holes or notches in
SBC 501-CR-18 30
GENERAL REGULATIONS
TABLE 305.4
PIPING SUPPORT SPACING a
MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
PIPING MATERIAL HORIZONTAL SPACING VERTICAL SPACING
(mm) (mm)
ABS pipe 1200 3000c
Aluminum pipe and tubing 3000 4500
Brass pipe 3000 3000
Brass tubing, 32 mm diameter and smaller 1800 3000
Brass tubing, 38 mm diameter and larger 3000 3000
b
Cast-iron pipe 1500 4500
Copper or copper-alloy pipe 3600 3000
Copper or copper-alloy tubing, 32 mm 1800 3000
diameter and smaller
Copper or copper-alloy tubing, 38 mm 3000 3000
diameter and larger
CPVC pipe or tubing, 25 mm and smaller 900 3000c
CPVC pipe or tubing, 32 mm and larger 1200 3000c
Lead pipe Continuous 1200
PB pipe or tubing 800 1200
PE-RT 25 mm and smaller 800 3000c
PE-RT 32 mm and larger 1200 3000c
PEX tubing 800 3000c
Polypropylene (PP) pipe or tubing, 25 mm 800 3000c
and smaller
Polypropylene (PP) pipe or tubing, 32 mm and 1200 3000c
larger
PVC pipe 1200 3000c
Steel tubing 2400 3000
Steel pipe 3600 4500
a. See Section 301.18.

b. The maximum horizontal spacing of cast-iron pipe hangers shall be increased to 3 m where 3-m lengths of pipe are
installed.
Mid-story guide
306.3 Appliances in attics. less than 500 mm by 750 mm, and large enough to
allow removal of the largest appliance.
Attics containing appliances shall be provided with
an opening and unobstructed passageway large Exceptions:
enough to allow removal of the largest appliance.
1. The passageway and level service space are
The passageway shall be not less than 750 mm high
not required where the appliance is capable of
and 550 mm wide and not more than 6000 mm in
being serviced and removed through the
length measured along the centerline of the
required opening.
passageway from the opening to the appliance. The
passage way shall have continuous solid flooring not 2. Where the passageway is unobstructed and not
less than 600 mm wide. A level service space not less than 1800 mm high and 550 mm wide
less than 750 mm deep and 750 mm wide shall be for its entire length, the passageway shall be
present at the front or service side of the appliance. not greater than 15 m in length.
The clear access opening dimensions shall be not
SBC 501-CR-18 31
GENERAL REGULATIONS
higher than 4800 mm above grade to access such

306.3.1 Electr ical requir ements.
equipment or appliances, an interior or exterior
A luminaire controlled by a switch located at the means of access shall be provided. Such access
required passageway opening and a receptacle shall not require climbing over obstructions
outlet shall be provided at or near the appliance greater than 750 mm in height or walking on roofs
location in accordance with NFPA 70. having a slope greater than 4 units vertical in 12
306.4 Appliances under floors. units horizontal (33-percent slope). Such access
shall not require the use of portable ladders.
Underfloor spaces containing appliances shall be Where access involves climbing over parapet
provided with an access opening and unobstructed walls, the height shall be measured to the top of
passageway large enough to remove the largest the parapet wall.
appliance. The passageway shall be not less than
750 mm high and 550 mm wide, nor more than Permanent ladders installed to provide the
6000 mm in length measured along the centerline required access shall comply with the following
of the passageway from the opening to the minimum design criteria:
appliance. A level service space not less than 750 1. The side railing shall extend above the
mm deep and 750 mm wide shall be present at the parapet or roof edge not less than 750 mm.
front or service side of the appliance. If the depth
2. Ladders shall have rung spacing not to
of the passageway or the service space exceeds
exceed 350 mm on center. The uppermost
300 mm below the adjoining grade, the walls of
rung shall be not greater than 600 mm
the passageway shall be lined with concrete or
below the upper edge of the roof hatch, roof
masonry. Such concrete or masonry shall extend
or parapet, as applicable.
not less than 100 mm above the adjoining grade
and shall have sufficient lateral-bearing capacity 3. Ladders shall have a toe spacing not less
to resist collapse. The clear access opening than 150 mm deep.
dimensions shall be not less than 550 mm by 750
4. There shall be not less than 450 mm
mm, and large enough to allow removal of the
between rails.
largest appliance.
5. Rungs shall have a diameter not less than
Exceptions:
19-mm and be capable of withstanding a
1. The passageway is not required where the 136 kg load.
level service space is present when the
6. Ladders over 9000 mm in height shall be
access is open and the appliance is capable
provided with offset sections and landings
of being serviced and removed through the
capable of withstanding 488 kg/m2.
required opening.
Landing dimensions shall be not less than
2. Where the passageway is unobstructed and 450 mm and not less than the width of the
not less than 1800 mm and 550 mm wide ladder served. A guard rail shall be
for its entire length, the passageway shall provided on all open sides of the landing.
not be limited in length.
7. Climbing clearance. The distance from the
306.4.1 Electr ical requir ements. centerline of the rungs to the nearest
permanent object on the climbing side of
A luminaire controlled by a switch located at the
the ladder shall be not less than 750 mm
required passageway opening and a receptacle
measured perpendicular to the rungs. This
outlet shall be provided at or near the appliance
distance shall be maintained from the point
location in accordance with NFPA 70.
of ladder access to the bottom of the roof
306.5 Equipment and appliances on roofs or hatch. A minimum clear width of 375 mm
elevated structures. shall be provided on both sides of the ladder
Where equipment requiring access or appliances measured from the midpoint of and parallel
are located on an elevated structure or the roof of with the rungs except where cages or wells
a building such that personnel will have to climb are installed.
SBC 501-CR-18 32
GENERAL REGULATIONS
8. Landing required. The ladder shall be Liquid combustion by-products of condensing

provided with a clear and unobstructed appliances shall be collected and discharged to an
bottom landing area having a minimum approved plumbing fixture or disposal area in
dimension of 750 mm by 750 mm centered accordance with the manufacturer’s installation
in front of the ladder. instructions. Condensate piping shall be of
approved corrosion-resistant material and shall
9. Ladders shall be protected against corrosion
not be smaller than the drain connection on the
by approved means.
appliance. Such piping shall maintain a minimum
10. Access to ladders shall be provided at all horizontal slope in the direction of discharge of
times. not less than one-eighth unit vertical in 12 units
Catwalks installed to provide the required access horizontal (1-percent slope).
shall be not less than 600 mm wide and shall have 307.2 Evaporators and cooling coils.
railings as required for service platforms.
Condensate drain systems shall be provided for
Exception: This section shall not apply to Group equipment and appliances containing evaporators
R-3 occupancies. or cooling coils. Condensate drain systems shall
306.5.1 Sloped roofs. be designed, constructed and installed in
accordance with Sections 307.2.1 through
Where appliances, equipment, fans or other 307.2.5.
components that require service are installed on a
roof having a slope of three units vertical in 12 Exception: Evaporators and cooling coils that are
units horizontal (25-percent slope) or greater and designed to operate in sensible cooling only and
having an edge more than 750 mm above grade not support condensation shall not be required to
at such edge, a level platform shall be provided on meet the requirements of this section.
each side of the appliance or equipment to which 307.2.1 Condensate disposal.
access is required for service, repair or
Condensate from all cooling coils and evaporators
maintenance. The platform shall be not less than
shall be conveyed from the drain pan outlet to an
750 mm in any dimension and shall be provided
approved place of disposal. Such piping shall
with guards. The guards shall extend not less than
maintain a minimum horizontal slope in the
1100 mm above the platform, shall be constructed
direction of discharge of not less than one-eighth
so as to prevent the passage of a 525 mm diameter
unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-percent
sphere and shall comply with the loading
slope). Condensate shall not discharge into a
requirements for guards specified in the SBC 201.
street, alley or other areas so as to cause a
Access shall not require walking on roofs having
nuisance.
a slope greater than four units vertical in 12 units
horizontal (33-percent slope). Where access 307.2.2 Drain pipe mater ials and sizes.
involves obstructions greater than 750 mm in
Components of the condensate disposal system
height, such obstructions shall be provided with
shall be cast iron, galvanized steel, copper, cross-
ladders installed in accordance with Section 306.4
linked polyethylene, polyethylene, ABS, CPVC,
or stairways installed in accordance with the
PVC, or polypropylene pipe or tubing.
requirements specified in the SBC 201 in the path
Components shall be selected for the pressure and
of travel to and from appliances, fans or
temperature rating of the installation. Joints and
equipment requiring service.
connections shall be made in accordance with the
306.5.2 Electr ical requirements. applicable provisions of Chapter 7 of the SBC 701
relative to the material type. Condensate waste
A receptacle outlet shall be provided at or near the
and drain line size shall be not less than 19 mm
equipment location in accordance with NFPA 70.
internal diameter and shall not decrease in size
SECTION 307 CONDENSATE from the drain pan connection to the place of
DISPOSAL condensate disposal. Where the drain pipes from
more than one unit are manifolded together for
307.1 Fuel-burning appliances.
SBC 501-CR-18 33
GENERAL REGULATIONS
condensate drainage, the pipe or tubing shall be pan. Supports located inside of the pan to support
sized in accordance with Table 307.2.2. the appliance or equipment shall be water resistant
and approved.
TABLE 307.2.2 CONDENSATE DRAIN
SIZING 307.2.4 Tr aps.
MINIMUM Condensate drains shall be trapped as required by
EQUIPMENT CONDENSATE the equipment or appliance manufacturer.
CAPACITY PIPE DIAMETER
(mm) 307.2.4.1 Ductless mini-split system
traps.
Up to 70 kW of
19
refrigeration Ductless mini-split equipment that produces
Over 70 kW to 141 kW condensate shall be provided with an inline check
25 valve located in the drain line, or a trap.
of refrigeration
Over 141 kW to 317 kW 307.2.5 Drain line maintenance.
32
of refrigeration
Condensate drain lines shall be configured to
Over 317 kW to 440 kW
38 permit the clearing of blockages and performance
of refrigeration
of maintenance without requiring the drain line to
Over 440 kW to 880 kW be cut.
50
of refrigeration
307.3 Condensate pumps.
307.2.3 Auxiliar y and secondar y dr ain
systems. Condensate pumps located in uninhabitable
spaces, such as attics and crawl spaces, shall be
In addition to the requirements of Section 307.2.1, connected to the appliance or equipment served
where damage to any building components could such that when the pump fails, the appliance or
occur as a result of overflow from the equipment equipment will be prevented from operating.
primary condensate removal system, one of the Pumps shall be installed in accordance with the
following auxiliary protection methods shall be manufacturers’ instructions.
provided for each cooling coil or fuel-fired
appliance that produces condensate: SECTION 308 CLEARANCE
REDUCTION
Exception: Fuel-fired appliances that
automatically shut down operation in the event of 308.1 Scope.
a stoppage in the condensate drainage system. This section shall govern the reduction in required
307.2.3.1 Water-level monitoring clearances to combustible materials and
devices. combustible assemblies for chimneys, vents,
kitchen exhaust equipment, mechanical
On downflow units and all other coils that do not appliances, and mechanical devices and
have a secondary drain or provisions to install a equipment.
secondary or auxiliary drain pan, a water-level
monitoring device shall be installed inside the 308.2 Listed appliances and equipment.
primary drain pan. This device shall shut off the The reduction of the required clearances to
equipment served in the event that the primary combustibles for listed and labeled appliances and
drain becomes restricted. Devices installed in the equipment shall be in accordance with the
drain line shall not be permitted. requirements of this section except that such
307.2.3.2 Appliance, equipment and clearances shall not be reduced where reduction is
insulation in pans. specifically prohibited by the terms of the
appliance or equipment listing.
Where appliances, equipment or insulation are
subject to water damage when auxiliary drain pans 308.3 Protective assembly construction and
fill, that portion of the appliance, equipment and installation.
insulation shall be installed above the rim of the
SBC 501-CR-18 34
GENERAL REGULATIONS
Reduced clearance protective assemblies, The clearance reduction methods specified in

including structural and support elements, shall be Table 308.4.2 shall not be utilized to reduce the
constructed of noncombustible materials. Spacers clearances required for masonry chimneys as
utilized to maintain an airspace between the specified in Chapter 8 and the SBC 201.
protective assembly and the protected material or
308.4.2.3 Chimney connector pass-
assembly shall be noncombustible. Where a space
throughs.
between the protective assembly and protected
combustible material or assembly is specified, the The clearance reduction methods specified in
same space shall be provided around the edges of Table 308.4.2 shall not be utilized to reduce the
the protective assembly and the spacers shall be clearances required for chimney connector pass-
placed so as to allow air circulation by convection throughs as specified in Section 803.10.4.
in such space. Protective assemblies shall not be 308.4.2.4 Masonry fireplaces.
placed less than 25 mm from the mechanical
appliances, devices or equipment, regardless of The clearance reduction methods specified in
the allowable reduced clearance. Table 308.4.2 shall not be utilized to reduce the
clearances required for masonry fireplaces as
308.4 Allowable reduction. specified in Chapter 8 and the SBC 201.
The reduction of required clearances to 308.4.2.5 Kitchen exhaust ducts.
combustible assemblies or combustible materials
shall be based on the utilization of a reduced The clearance reduction methods specified in
clearance protective assembly in accordance with Table 308.4.2 shall not be utilized to reduce the
Section 308.4.1 or 308.4.2. minimum clearances required by Section
506.3.11.1 for kitchen exhaust ducts enclosed in a
308.4.1 Labeled assemblies. shaft.
The allowable clearance reduction shall be based
SECTION 309 TEMPERATURE
on an approved reduced clearance protective
assembly that is listed and labeled in accordance CONTROL
with UL 1618. 309.1 Space-heating systems.
308.4.2 Reduction table. Interior spaces intended for human occupancy
The allowable clearance reduction shall be based shall be provided with active or passive space-
on one of the methods specified in Table 308.4.2. heating systems capable of maintaining an indoor
Where required clearances are not listed in Table temperature of not less than 20°C at a point 900
308.4.2, the reduced clearances shall be mm above floor on the design heating day. The
determined by linear interpolation between the installation of portable space heaters shall not be
distances listed in the table. Reduced clearances used to achieve compliance with this section.
shall not be derived by extrapolation below the Exceptions:
range of the table.
1. Interior spaces where the primary purpose is
308.4.2.1 Solid fuel-burning appliances. not associated with human comfort.
The clearance reduction methods specified in 2. Group F, H, S and U occupancies.
Table 308.4.2 shall not be utilized to reduce the
clearance required for solid fuel-burning SECTION 310 EXPLOSION CONTROL
appliances that are labeled for installation with 310.1 Required.
clearances of 300 mm or less. Where appliances
are labeled for installation with clearances of Structures occupied for purposes involving
greater than 300 mm, the clearance reduction explosion hazards shall be provided with
methods of Table 308.4.2 shall not reduce the explosion control where required by the SBC 801.
clearance to less than 300 mm. Explosion control systems shall be designed and
installed in accordance with Section 911 of the
308.4.2.2 Masonry chimneys. SBC 801.
SBC 501-CR-18 35
GENERAL REGULATIONS
SECTION 311 SMOKE AND HEAT Heating and cooling system design loads for the
VENTS purpose of sizing systems, appliances and
equipment shall be determined in accordance with
311.1 Required. the procedures described in the ASHRAE/ACCA
Approved smoke and heat vents shall be installed Standard 183. Alternatively, design loads shall be
in the roofs of one-story buildings where required determined by an approved equivalent
by the SBC 801. Smoke and heat vents shall be computation procedure, using the design
designed and installed in accordance with the SBC parameters specified in Chapter 3 of the SBC 601
801. and SBC 602.
SECTION 312 HEATING AND
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
312.1 Load calculations.
TABLE 308.4.2
CLEARANCE REDUCTION METHODSb
Reduced Clearance with Protection (mm)a
Horizontal combustible
Horizontal combustible
assemblies located beneath the
assemblies located above the heat
heat source and all vertical
Type of Protective source
combustible assemblies
Assemblya Required clearance to Required clearance to
combustibles without protection combustible without protection
(mm)a mm
900 450 225 150 900 450 225 150
Galvanized sheet steel, having a minimum
thickness of 0.6 mm (No. 24 gage), mounted on
25-mm glass fiber or mineral wool batt 450 225 125 75 300 150 75 75
reinforced with wire on the back, 25 mm off the
combustible assembly
Galvanized sheet steel, having a minimum
thickness of 0.6 mm (No. 24 gage), spaced 25 450 225 125 75 300 150 75 50
mm off the combustible assembly
Two layers of galvanized sheet steel, having a
minimum thickness of 0.6 mm (No. 24 gage),
450 225 125 75 300 150 75 75
having a 25-mm airspace between layers,
spaced 25 mm off the combustible assembly
Two layers of galvanized sheet steel, having a
minimum thickness of 0.6 mm (No. 24 gage),
having 25 mm of fiberglass insulation between 450 225 125 75 300 150 75 75
layers, spaced 25 mm off the combustible
assembly
12.5-mm inorganic insulating board, over 25
mm of fiberglass or mineral wool batt, against 600 300 150 100 450 225 125 75
the combustible assembly
87.5-mm brick wall, spaced 25 mm off the
- - - - 300 150 150 150
combustible wall
87.5-mm brick wall, against the combustible
- - - - 600 300 150 225
wall
3
a. Mineral wool and glass fiber batts (blanket or board) shall have a minimum density of 128 kg/m and a
minimum melting point of 816°C. Insulation material utilized as part of a clearance reduction system shall
have a thermal conductivity of 0.144 W/m2 •K or less. Insulation board shall be formed of noncombustible
material.
b. For limitations on clearance reduction for solid fuel-burning appliances, masonry chimneys, connector
pass-throughs, masonry fire places and kitchen ducts, see Sections 308.4.2.1 through 308.4.2.5.
SBC 501-CR-18 36
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
except as specified in Item 3 or Section

SECTION 401 GENERAL 501.3.1. Outdoor air intake openings shall be
401.1 Scope. permitted to be located less than 3000 mm
horizontally from streets, alleys, parking lots
This chapter shall govern the ventilation of spaces
and loading docks provided that the openings
within a building intended to be occupied.
are located not less than 7500 mm vertically
Mechanical exhaust systems, including exhaust
above such locations. Where openings front on
systems serving clothes dryers and cooking
a street or public way, the distance shall be
appliances; hazardous exhaust systems; dust,
measured from the closest edge of the street or
stock and refuse conveyor systems; subslab soil
public way.
exhaust systems; smoke control systems; energy
recovery ventilation systems and other systems 3. Intake openings shall be located not less
specified in Section 502 shall comply with than 900 mm below contaminant sources
Chapter 5. where such sources are located within 3000
mm of the opening.
401.2 Ventilation required.
4. Intake openings on structures in flood
Every occupied space shall be ventilated by
hazard areas shall be at or above the elevation
natural means in accordance with Section 402 or
required by Section 1612 of the SBC 201 for
by mechanical means in accordance with Section
utilities and attendant equipment.
403. Where the air infiltration rate in a dwelling
unit is less than 5 air changes per hour when tested 401.5 Intake opening protection.
with a blower door at a pressure of 50 Pa in
Air intake openings that terminate outdoors shall
accordance with Section 402.4.1.2 of the SBC 601
be protected with corrosion-resistant screens,
and SBC 602, the dwelling unit shall be ventilated
louvers or grilles. Openings in louvers, grilles and
by mechanical means in accordance with Section screens shall be sized in accordance with Table
403. Ambulatory care facilities and Group I-2 401.5, and shall be protected against local weather
occupancies shall be ventilated by mechanical
conditions. Louvers that protect air intake
means in accordance with Section 407.
openings in structures located in hurricane-prone
401.3 When required. regions, as defined in the SBC 201, shall comply
with AMCA 550. Outdoor air intake openings
Ventilation shall be provided during the periods
located in exterior walls shall meet the provisions
that the room or space is occupied.
for exterior wall opening protectives in
401.4 Intake opening location. accordance with the SBC 201.
Air intake openings shall comply with all of the 401.6 Contaminant sources.
following:
Stationary local sources producing air-borne
1. Intake openings shall be located not less particulates, heat, odours, fumes, spray, vapors,
than 3000 mm from lot lines or buildings on smoke or gases in such quantities as to be irritating
the same lot. or injurious to health shall be provided with an
exhaust system in accordance with Chapter 5 or a
2. Mechanical and gravity outdoor air intake
means of collection and removal of the
openings shall be located not less than 3000
contaminants. Such exhaust shall discharge
mm horizontally from any hazardous or
directly to an approved location at the exterior of
noxious contaminant source, such as vents,
the building.
streets, alleys, parking lots and loading docks,
SBC 501-CR-18 37
VENTILATION
TABLE 401.5 OPENING SIZES IN LOUVERS, GRILLES AND SCREENS PROTECTING AIR
INTAKE OPENINGS
MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM OPENING
SIZES IN LOUVERS, GRILLES AND
OUTDOOR OPENING TYPE
SCREENS MEASURED IN ANY
DIRECTION
Intake openings in residential Not < 6.25 mm and not > 12.5 mm
occupancies
Intake openings in other than > 6.25 mm and not > 25 mm
residential occupancies
be one and one-half times the depth of the

SECTION 402 NATURAL opening. The depth of the opening shall be
VENTILATION measured from the average adjoining ground level
402.1 Natural ventilation. to the bottom of the opening.
Natural ventilation of an occupied space shall be A = 0.04(L × W)
through windows, doors, louvers or other
SECTION 403 MECHANICAL
openings to the outdoors. The operating
mechanism for such openings shall be provided VENTILATION
with ready access so that the openings are readily 403.1 Ventilation system.
controllable by the building occupants.
Mechanical ventilation shall be provided by a
402.2 Ventilation area required. method of supply air and return or exhaust air
The minimum openable area to the outdoors shall except that mechanical ventilation air
be 4 percent of the floor area being ventilated. requirements for Group R-2, R-3 and R-4
occupancies three stories and less in height above
402.3 Adjoining spaces. grade plane shall be provided by an exhaust
Where rooms and spaces without openings to the system, supply system or combination thereof.
outdoors are ventilated through an adjoining The amount of supply air shall be approximately
room, the opening to the adjoining rooms shall be equal to the amount of return and exhaust air. The
unobstructed and shall have an area not less than system shall not be prohibited from producing
8 percent of the floor area of the interior room or negative or positive pressure. The system to
space, but not less than 2.3 m2. The minimum convey ventilation air shall be designed and
operable area to the outdoors shall be based on the installed in accordance with Chapter 6.
total floor area being ventilated. 403.2 Outdoor air required.
Exception: Exterior openings required for The minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be
ventilation shall be permitted to open into a determined in accordance with Section 403.3.
thermally isolated sunroom addition or patio
cover, provided that the openable area between Exception: Where the registered design
the sunroom addition or patio cover and the professional demonstrates that an engineered
interior room has an area of not less than 8 percent ventilation system design will prevent the
of the floor area of the interior room or space, but maximum concentration of contaminants from
not less than 1.86 m2. The minimum openable area exceeding that obtainable by the rate of outdoor
to the outdoors shall be based on the total floor air ventilation determined in accordance with
area being ventilated. Section 403.3, the minimum required rate of
outdoor air shall be reduced in accordance with
402.4 Openings below grade. such engineered system design.
Where openings below grade provide required 403.2.1 Recir culation of air .
natural ventilation, the outside horizontal clear
space measured perpendicular to the opening shall The outdoor air required by Section 403.3 shall
SBC 501-CR-18 38

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Saudi Mechanical Code

TECHNICAL EDITING COMMITTEE:

1 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Chairman

SBC 501-CR-18 iii

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................................. 1

SECTION 512 SUBSLAB SOIL EXHAUST SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................ 79

SECTION 1003 PRESSURE VESSELS ............................................................................................................................... 116

SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

The codes and standards referenced herein shall be 103.2 Appointment.

103.3 Deputies. provisions of this code.

106.5.2 Fee schedule. be concealed are complete, and prior to the

APPLIANCE, EXISTING. Any appliance processing or power purposes. Low-pressure boilers

EQUIPMENT, EXISTING. Any equipment conditions of the listing.

FUEL OIL. Kerosene or any hydrocarbon oil HEAVY-DUTY COOKING APPLIANCE.

LIGHT-DUTY COOKING APPLIANCE. Light- component will not enter an occupancy-classified

kW (electric). intended for human activities, excluding those

POWER BOILER. See “Boiler.” heat primarily by direct radiation.

SECTION 301 GENERAL 301.8.1 Testing.

cooling capacity in W; and required attendant equipment.

Ventilation shall be required in accordance with 304.5.3 Specially engineer ed installations.

305.2 Materials. Exception: This section shall not apply to

a. See Section 301.18.

higher than 4800 mm above grade to access such

8. Landing required. The ladder shall be Liquid combustion by-products of condensing

Reduced clearance protective assemblies, The clearance reduction methods specified in

except as specified in Item 3 or Section

be one and one-half times the depth of the

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