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5-Layer TCP-IP Blend Model

The document summarizes the 5-layer TCP/IP model used to establish communication between computers. It divides network communication work into five layers - physical, data link, internet, transport, and application layers. Each layer has a specific function and uses defined data units and protocols. The layers are arranged from the physical transmission of signals to the high-level applications that communicate between end systems.

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81 views1 page

5-Layer TCP-IP Blend Model

The document summarizes the 5-layer TCP/IP model used to establish communication between computers. It divides network communication work into five layers - physical, data link, internet, transport, and application layers. Each layer has a specific function and uses defined data units and protocols. The layers are arranged from the physical transmission of signals to the high-level applications that communicate between end systems.

Uploaded by

sajibggj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The 5-layer TCP / IP Blend Model

Job: establish communication between any two computers, with


1) any software configuration (Operation Systems, applications, etc.) any hardware configuration
2) any way to connect to the Internet (wired, wireless, dial-up, cable modem, etc. …)
Key concept: divide and conquer – all the work is divided into categories and the categories of work are arranged into layers.

Layer Name Specific Function Data Unit (Figure 5-5, p 120) Major Protocols Equipments
5 Application -- governs how two applications HTTP: hypertext transfer e.g. DNS server: converts domain
work with each other, even if protocol (webpage) names to IP addresses.
A request could be a html
they are from different vendors. SMTP: simple mail transfer
file, an email (with
(e.g. IE, Firefox, Netscape, etc.) protocol Address: Domain Names
attachments) or others
FTP: file transfer protocol (e.g. http://www.csusm.edu) – need to
(depending on different web
WAP: wireless application register for Domain names to be
applications)
protocol accessed.
DNS: Domain Name System
4 Transport -- governs aspects of end-to- TCP: Transmission Control
end communication between Segments: Protocol (confirmation after
two end hosts. TCP header + piece of layer 5 each segment)
data UDP: User Datagram
Protocol (non-confirmation)
3 Internet -- governs the transmission of IP: Internet Protocol Router: process packets, compute
packets across an internet – Packets: (read the IP header to find the routes. (wired/wireless), contains a
typically by sending them IP header + Segment destination IP address, find a routing table
through several routers along = IP header + TCP header + rout to forward IP address) Address: IP Address – dynamically
the route. piece of layer 5 data assigned when you get online
(144.37.1.95)
2 Data Link -- governs the transmission of Ethernet: IEEE 802.3 (for bus Network Card (MAC address is
frames across a single network. Frame: topology) uniquely assigned to each card and used
A data link is a point-to-point Datalink Header + Packets Token-Ring: IEEE 802.5 (for on data link layer to process frame)
link = Datalink header + IP header ring topology) Switches are complicated, could be
+ Segment WLAN protocols (IEEE used on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th layers. (not
= Datalink header + IP header 802.11 family) required to know).
+ TCP header + piece of layer Address: MAC Address – assigned by
5 data the NIC manufacturer.
(http://www.ibm.com)
1 Physical -- governs transmission Three topologies, pros and Type of Wires, pros and cons.
between adjacent devices Electric Signals cons Hub and Modem: functions
connected by a transmission
medium

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