1

THESIS FORMAT

TITLE PAGE

TITLE must be written in

an inverted triangle,
should be typed in
UPPERCASE letters,
centered, positioned in
CONTINUING DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALTERNATIVE LEARNING the upper half of the
SYSTEM ACCREDITATION AND EQUIVALENCY page. NO abbreviations,
IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PHILIPPINES words is no more than
12-15 words.

Institutional
Affiliations and the
degree must be
written together.
A Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Practical Research I
_________________________________________
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
NEW ERA UNIVERSITY INTEGRATED SCHOOL
The year name
Author’s the
manuscript was
must be written
printed must appear
in First Name,
GRADE 11 STEM 4 GROUP 1 in the title
middle page,
initial and
S.Y. 2020-2021 last name.

STUDENT NAME (UPPERCASE)

2019
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
PRELIMINARIES
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………
must be written
APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………………
in UPPERCASE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………………………
accordingly
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………..

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION

The Problem and Its Background ….………………………

Statement of the Problem……………………………………..
Assumption……………………………………………………………
Significance of the Study………………………………………..
Scope and Limitations…………………………………………….
Definitions of Terms……………………………………………….

Chapter

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES...

Theoretical Framework………………………………………….
Conceptual Framework………………………………………….

3 METHODOLOGY

Research Design…………………………………………………....
Sampling…………………………………………………………………
Sources of Data……………………………………………………….
Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………
ABSTRACT:
Data Analysis…………………………………………………………..
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

Chapter

4 PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

Introduction………………………………….…….…………………
Tables and Text……………………………………….……………..
Chapter

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary …………………………………………………………….
Conclusion………..…………………………………………………....
Recommendation………….………………………………….......
Proposed Output…………………………………………………….

References…………………………………………………………………………..

Appendix A – Letters
Appendix B – (Attachments)
Appendix C – Bio-sketch
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THESIS ABSTRACT

Title : ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Author: ______________________________________

Course:

School: New Era University

An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the manuscript; it

allows the reader to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like the title, it enables the
persons interested in the document. A good abstract is accurate, non-evaluative, coherent,
concise and readable. The abstract is written with no more than 100-150 words.

According to the APA 6th edition, a good abstract contains:

 The problem in one sentence;
 Correctly reflect the purpose of the study and the content;
 The content should be nonevaluative;
 The respondents pertinent characteristics;
 Essential features of the study method;
 The basic findings, including effect sizes and confidence intervals and the
statistical significance level; and,
 The conclusions and the implication of the study.

The university format is as follows:

 Font Style Times New Roman (Standard worldwide)

 Font Size 12
 Double space
 Margin: 1st Chapter pages Top 1.7, Left 1.0, Right 1.0 and Bottom 1.0
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 Introduce the problem that presents the specific problem under study
 State what problem or challenge your research is trying to solve and the context
or circumstances surrounding it.
 The specific issue has not been fully explored by other researches.
 The problem is within your field of study. Otherwise, establish the connection
between the issue and your curricular discipline.
 Discuss how the problem relates to previous study, the difference and what is the
study building on;
 Justify the need to conduct the research. Explain its objectives and importance.
 The researcher should give strong justification for selecting such research
problem in his/her capacity as a researcher. Being a part of the organization or
systems and the desire and concern to improve the systems;
 Discuss the new knowledge your research shall contribute to the filed.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 Begin with a paragraph stating the main problem or objective of your research.
 After the paragraph, break down the main problem or objective into specific sub-
problems or sub-objectives;
 Sub-problem should be stated in such a way that it is not answerable by either
yes, no, when and where.;
 Sub-problems should include all the independent and moderate variables which
are reflected in the conceptual framework;
 Sub–problems should be arranged in logical order and extensive in coverage and
must be mutually exclusive in its dimensions.
 The problem should state the data that can be obtained.
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HYPOTHESIS

 It is a simple sentence that compels the essence of the study.yet to be proven in

the study that requires further investigation;
 The level of significance usually at the .05 level should be stated.
 Write a null hypothesis if the research intends to test the difference or correlation
between variables;
 A null hypothesis is not necessary for qualitative research.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

 Scope and limitation of the study are discussed.
 The parameters and boundaries are well defined.
 Information is presented in the discussion context rather than simply
stated or listed.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 Specify the potential beneficiaries of the research.

 State the importance of the research results to them.
 Discuss the potential contribution of the research to new knowledge.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Enumerate in alphabetical order the important variables, scientific terms, and

technical words used in the study.
 Provide the conceptual (or general) and operational definitions of the terms. An
operational definition describes the term as it is used in your research. This
should be given more emphasis.
 This section is not necessary for qualitative research.
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 Present studies and references that describe what is known, what has been
done, and what else needs to be known and done relevant to your research’s
problem or issue, purpose, and method. These should at most be five years
since the copyright/publication/retrieval date. The only exemption is for classic
studies and references that are essential to the research (e.g. Memorandum
Circular, DepEd Order., CHED Order, Legislation etc.);
 The literature review reflects the principles formulated by experts or authorities in
some field or discipline; and ideas or opinions of experts contained in books,
pamphlets, magazines and periodicals;
 Variables of the study, including its theory must be visible in the discussion;
 It should be organized thematically to conform with the specific problems;
 Confirmation and disconfirmation of claims from different authorities/experts.
 Arrange the studies and literature in a logical and thematic order. When citing
multiple references, cite in chronological order from the most recent to the oldest.
 End the Review of Related Literature with one or two paragraphs stating the
insights you gained from the review.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The theoretical framework consists of theories, principles, generalizations and

research findings which are closely related to the present study under investigation.
 It is the groundwork for the study, in this framework where the present research
problem understudy evolved.
 The conceptual framework is the schematic diagram which shows the variables
included in the study.
 It shows the translation of theories, principles and philosophy of research into a
model;
 It explores the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
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 All the independent and dependent variables should be clearly discussed and
explained how these would influence the results of the study.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 The conceptual framework is the schematic diagram which shows the variables
included in the study.
 Explain the key factors or variables to be studied and their relationships with one
another.
 Present said variables in a diagram or graphics to clearly show the relationships.
A conceptual framework is not necessary for qualitative research.
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Chapter 3

METHODS OF RESEARCH

This chapter deals with the procedures and techniques used by the researcher in
completing the study. It includes research design, respondents, sampling technique,
instruments and techniques, construction of the instrument, validation, administration and
retrieval of the instrument and statistical treatment of the study.

RESEARCH DESIGN
 The researcher may use one or a combination of the following research methods,
namely, descriptive, survey, historical, case study, experimental, research and
development cycle, phenomenological qualitative/quantitative methods etc. (were the
subjects manipulated or were observed naturalistically?
 Describe variables (A schematic diagram showing interrelationship of the
variables and treatment should be presented for experimental design)

POPULATION AND SAMPLING

 Description of the population, setting/location of the study;
 Describe the sampling technique used (if multi-stage sampling was used,
etc)
the sample size (show table of allocation). Power, effect size and precision when
applying inferential statistics
 respondents’/participants’ characteristics, demographic profile of sample
(describe how extraneous/confounding variables and participant attrition were
dealt with) compliance of sample to statistical test assumptions (normality,
homogeneity, linearity, etc) mention ethical standards met
 Note: In experimental research design, respondents are called subjects
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SOURCE OF DATA

Questionnaire/Test

 Validity of the questionnaire must be subject to a pre-determined

respecification of its components as specified by the SPSS Data
Reduction;
 Content validity must be likewise established by administering to a
minimum of 30 participants. This will confirm the language and
terminologies fits the desired audience for appropriate administration.
 Then the administration of the paper is ready for the desired number of
respondent. Test of Normality must be done by checking the SPSS.
 Describe if adopted, modified or constructed;

Interview /Focus Group Discussion (If any)

Observation (If any)
Documentary Analysis (If any)
Apparatuses/Devises/Laboratory Equipment (If any)

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

 Techniques used in the administration of the test questionnaire,
Instructions given to participants) and how retrieval is planned to take
place.
 Experimental manipulations and control features (if any)
 Errors or weaknesses and any consequent limitations (if any)

DATA ANALYSIS
 Statistical treatment (for quantitative research).
 No need to list the common statistical formula (percentage, frequency, rank,
mean, weighted mean). No lecture.
 Describe how it was used.
 Generation of model, theory, patterns, framework, and concept
(for qualitative research);
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 Discussion of the type of statistical analysis that was utilized followed by the
related hypotheses if there is a related hypothesis.
Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents the result of the study to provide the “set of
statistics” in standard forms of tables, appropriate headings, and relation of text
to tables.

3.1 The Standard Forms of Tables

 Table layout must be logical and easily grasp by the reader. It can stand
alone.
 Table entries that are to be compared should be next to one another;

Age Frequency Percentage Mean

10 – 15 years Old 75 50% 4.00
20 – 25 years Old 30 20% 3.50
30 – 35 years Old 45 30% 2.00

Total 150 100%

 All tables are meant to show specific position variable and condition label
in close proximity.

3.2 Table Titles

Table 1 – Distribution of the Respondents Profile According to Age

Age Frequency Percentage Mean

10 – 15 years Old 75 50% 4.00
20 – 25 years Old 30 20% 3.50
30 – 35 years Old 45 30% 2.00

Total 150 100%

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 Table number must be on the side next to the title;

 Title of the table must confirm with the statement of the problem being solve;
 Concise words to describe the basic content of the table must be inferred
from the title.
 The Table number and the Title must be written in bold letters.

3.3 Table Headings

Table 1 – Distribution of the Respondents Profile According to Age

Age f % Mean
10 – 15 years Old 75 50% 4.00
20 – 25 years Old 30 20% 3.50
30 – 35 years Old 45 30% 2.00

Total 150 100%

 Headings establish organization of the data and identify the columns of data
beneath them;
 Write Headings in bold letter to add emphasis;
 Standard abbreviations for nontechnical terms and statistics without any
explanation are acceptable in the subheadings of the table.

3.4 Relation of Tables and Text

 Text after the table shows information about the table number and tells the
reader what to look for.
 Discuss only the highlights. Duplicating every item in text is is unnecessary.
 Refer to the table by their numbers;
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Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Conclusion
 Give a reasoned and justifiable comment on the importance of the findings.
 Statement must be self-contained and not overstated;
 Discuss the practical outcomes of the study;
 The implications of the study to the overarching issues discussed in the
findings; and,
4.2 Recommendation
 From the findings, state-real-life models to address the specific findings
 Commend state of the art solutions to advance knowledge, contribute to the
sector/industry;
 State unresolved issues for further study.

4.3 Proposed Output

 Define what the university considers to be a research output;
 Propose a framework derived from the findings of the study which can be a
system, policy, program, project, module, training, etc.
 This are expected output to facilitate the problems in the study;
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