ReSelain | A aoa eielaccoa) aoe en Lesson 2 Per Sel Rouen Rola] Coen) Rca rRe] Renda! Review the Grammar Bop Connect the Grammar to Writing page 28li=Je)\) Simple Present and Present Progressive EXPLORE od 2. 1 READ the article about lowland gorillas in northern Congo. What are researchers trying to learn about these animals? The Family Life of Lowland Gorillas Scientists know very little about how lowland gorillas behave in the rainforests where they live. However, one thing is clear: their numbers are rapidly declining." In order to help these animals survive, researchers are trying to learn as much as possible about their family relationships as well as their behavior and diet in the wild. d One family that scientists are currently observing belongs to Kingo. It includes Kingo, his four wives—each with her own baby—and one orphan. The ten gorillas live comfortably in a rainforest in northern Congo. Together with a team of trackers,* the researchers follow the family everywhere. Today, they are watching Kingo at lunchtime. Kingo always eats alone; his wives and babies never go near him. After he eats, he usually takes a nap. He lies back in the hot shade and instantly falls asleep. Then when he wakes up, he leads his family through the forest in search of more food. The young males stay close by his side, and they copy every move he makes. Kingo's wives walk behind him. When he stops, they stop, and when he moves, they move. Kingo's stop today is a pond. Here he is pulling up plants, washing them in the water, and then eating them. This 300-pound (136-kilogram) king of the jungle couldn't be happier right now. The mothers are resting, and the young ones are taking naps or playing. As the researchers can clearly see, this is just one big, happy family. come less child whose parents have died * tracker: someone who finds animals by following marks in the ground or other signs that show where the animals have beeneo STG una) CU Cn) pore taneat Ty 2 CHECK. Read each statement about the article. Circle T for true or F for false. 1. The number of lowland gorillas is growing. T 2. Kingo spends time with his family every day. T F 3. Kingo's wives don’t eat with Kingo. T F 4. Kingo doesn’t usually take a nap after lunch T F 5. Lowland gorillas eat plants. T F 3 DISCOVER. Complete the exercises to learn about the grammar in this lesson. Look at these sentences from the article. Circle the answer that is true about the bold verb forms. 1. The ten gorillas live comfortably in a rainforest in northern Congo. a. describes a temporary situation or one describes a permanent situation or lasting a short period of time one not changing for a long time 2. Kingo always eats alone; his wives and children never go near him. After he eats, he usually takes a nap a. describe activities now b. describe routines or habits 3. Here he is pulling up plants, washing them in the water, and then eating them. ... The mothers are resting, and the young ones are taking naps or playing. a. describe activities now b. describe routines or habits B_ Work with a partner. Check (Y) the correct box for each statement. Look at your answers in exercise A to help you. Simple Present Present Progressive verb (+ s) is/are + verb + -ing This verb form shows that the action or situation is 1. permanent. | a routine or a habit 3. in progress now or over a current period of time. UNIT 1 LESSON 1 5LEARN 1.1 Simple Present and Present Progressive Review en Borcuuacr ie leat a healthy diet. \'m eating an apple now. Affirmative Statements | ang eats only vegetables, She's eating a salad We don't work on Saturdays. We'te not working today. Negative Statements | iii doesn't work in a hospital. Jim's not working now. Do you eat breakfast every day? Are the children eating lunch now? ti IASISIESIENS Does Jana study at the library? Is Jana studying now? aie Where do you read the news?» What are you studying this semester? How long does the train take? Why is he staying in a hotel this week? Who ot What as Who lives in this house? Who is taking math this semester? Subject What helps a headache? What is cooking in the oven? 1. Use the simple present for: @. routines and habits b. facts and general truths ¢. permanent actions or situations 2.Use the present progressive for actions that are: a. happening now, at the moment of speaking b. happening over a current time period (today, this week, this month, this year) c. temporary 3.Do not repeat the verb be when the same subject is doing two actions. a. I drink coffee every day. The sky often looks blue. . Tomo’s parents live in a big house. os Ican't talk now. I'm eating dinner. She's visiting her grandmother this week. ga c. Jared is living in a dorm this semester. Youssef is singing and playing the guitar in the video. 4, Be carefull! Do not use do/aloes in questions when Who or What is the subject. “Who reads the newspaper? X Who does read the newspaper? 4 Complete the interview with the words in parentheses. Use the simple present or present progressive form of the verbs. A: B: How long (3) to find the gorillas? (4) a few hours, but sometimes (5) for five or six hours. (we / not (the trackers / follow) Kingo today? © PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE Every morning (2) —___________(it/ take) (it / usually / take) How (1)___doyoufind _ (you / find) the gorillas every day? (I/ go) with the trackers to look for them. ea The adverbs ever, usually, offen, and always are common with the simple present. They usually go before the main find) them verb. Do you ever ride your bike to work? What do they usually do on weekends? (6) Jack doesn't always eat breakfast.B: No, they aren't. (7) (the trackers / spend) time with their families for a few days and (83) explore) the area. A: Where (9) __(you / stay) this week? B; (10) stay) at a campsite with my guides and trackers. A: So, tell me, what (11) ___________ (surprise) you about the gorillas? B: Good question! I find it interesting that (12) (gorillas / laugh). A: (13) {you / follow) other animal families? B: Yes. This year (14) _____________(T/do) research on chimp families, too. A: What (15) _____________________ (make) gorillas different from chimpanzees? B: (16) (young chimps and gorillas / stay) with their mothers. (17) __._ (chimp fathers / usually / not stay) with the family. Gorilla fathers (18) (rarely / leave) their families. 1.2 More Present Progressive ih oy eo Use the present progressive for changes | Her baby is getting bigger day by day. that happen over time. Children today are eating more sugar. Use the present progressive with I'm worried. Julie is always sleeping always to emphasize repeated actions. My caris always breaking down. Sometimes, these actions are not typical or are unwanted. . Use the simple present with always ifthe | My son always does his homework. action is normal or expected Complete the paragraph with the words in parentheses. Use the simple present or the present progressive. The Reed family (1) is growing (grow) too big for their house. Rose and Jeff Reed now have six children at home, and the kids (2) __(get) bigger every day. The challenges for the family (3) (grow), too. For example, the cost of food (4) (increase). It’s hard to feed so. many people. Rose and Jeff (5) _______(always / go) to the grocery store together and (6) ____ (compare) prices, but it’s still hard. Different personalities are another challenge. Melissa Reed says, “I'm the oldest child. 1(7) oe (always / take care of) my younger brothers and sisters. I enjoy all of them most of the time, but my younger brother, Charlie, can be difficult. He (8) (always / get) into trouble. In fact, he (9) (become) impossible. Someone (10) ways / complain) about him.” UNIT] LESSON1 76 ANALYZE THE GRAMMAR. Work with a partner. Identify the meaning of each verb form you wrote in exercise 5. Write the number of the item next fo the correct meaning 1. Achange over time: _1_,__,___,____ 2. An unwanted repeated action: 3. A regular or expected action: __, PRACTICE 7 Complete the paragraphs with the words in parentheses. Use the simple present or the present progressive form of the verbs. (1 menjoying (enjoy) my summer here in Japan. I (2) oe (stay) with a very nice family, but they (3) (do) things very differently than my family. Here, they (4) (take) their shoes off at the entrance to the house and at school. Also, they (5) ___________ (not eat) with forks and spoons; instead, they © (use) chopsticks at every meal. I (7) _________ (get) better at eating with chopsticks, but I'm still not very good. My host sister, Sachiko, is my age. She (8) ______ (speak) English pretty well. Her English is a lot better than my Japanese. My Japanese (9)___________ (improve) day by day, but Sachiko's younger brother (10)_____________ (often / laugh) at my pronunciation. It (11) ___________________ (not bother) me because it is true that 1(12)___ often / make) funny mistakes. They make me laugh, too. WRITE & SPEAK. A Use the words in parentheses to make questions. Use the simple present or the present progressive. 1. (you/ eat / with chopsticks at every meal) Do you eat with chopsticks at every meal? 2. (your family / remove / their shoes inside the house) 3. (what / you / get better at) 4. (anyone in your family / speak / English well) 5. (what / language / you / speak / at home) 6. (who / you / live with) 8 PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVEeC ay Care eet 7. (your English / improve / day by day) 8. (you /ever/ laugh / at your mistakes in English) B_ Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions in exercise A. A: Do you eat with chopsticks at every meal? B: No, I don't. How about you? Complete the exercises. eo A Complete each sentence with the verbs in the box. Use always and the present progressive. borrow check complain _lose eI make not return talk text The present progressive with always is a common way to complain about 1. My sister __is always borrowing _ my things other people's behavior. and them. My neighbors are always playing loud music at night. 2. My sons their phone messages and their friends. 3. My best friend about her job. She needs to find a new one. 4. My neighbors noise late at night. It's hard to fall asleep 5. Mycousin___ about her clothes. It drives me crazy! 6. My husband things. Yesterday it was his car keys! B_ SPEAK Tell a partner which statements in exercise A are true about people you know. Replace the subjects with someone you know. A: My brother is always borrowing my things. _ B: Oh, my friend is always doing that, too. UNIT] LESSONT 9Oo + Complete the exercises. Complete the sentences according to the information in the chart. Use the verbs in parentheses and the present progressive. Add nof where necessary. Current Trends in Family Life in the U.S. ttt | Number of Grown C ones | life Span | Marriage ‘Age at Number Children in Rate Rate Marriage of Children Children atHome —Single-Parent Homes 1. People___areliving _ (live) longer: 2. The number of marriages _i6 decreasing _ (decrease). The number of marriages (increase). 3. The divorce rate (go) up. It (come) down. 4, Fewer people (get) married at a young age. More people (wait) until their 30s to get married. 5. Most women (have) fewer children. (have) a lot of children. They 6. More grown children (continue) to live with their parents when they become adulis. 7. More children (grow) up with only one parent than in the past SPEAK. Work with a partner. Read the sentences in exercise A. Which trends are true about families in your country? Tell your partner. A: In my country, people are living longer. There are more doctors nowadays. B: In mine, most people are not eating healthy food. I don't think they are living longer. LISTEN & WRITE. Listen to Julia fell a friend about her family. Match each family member with the correct activity. 1. grandmother a. play in an orchestra 2. father b. drive. 3. brother Alex c. stand next to Alex 4. twin sister d. not get together 5. brother Lucas e. study in Scotland 6. whole family f. live in New York City 10 PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVEB_ White six sentences about Julia and her family. Use the simple present or the present progressive and the information in exercise A. Then share your answers as a class. Julia’s grandmother never drives at night. 12 EDIT. Read the paragraph. Find and correct five more errors with the simple present or present progressive. am visiting This week, I visit my twin sister. We aren't getting together often because we live a couple of hours apart. We talk and text all the time, though, so we don't feel too far apart. ‘We are telling each other our problems and try to help each other out. Another reason we don't see each other very often is because of my sister's job. She is very busy. We often make plans, but she is cancelling always our plans at the last minute. Sometimes this upsets me. It’s almost summer, though, so her schedule becomes much less busy. This week, at least, we do a lot together. It’s great! 13 APPLY. A. In your notebook, write a paragraph about a family member or a friend. Tell how often you see this person, what you do together, and what the person is doing now. Add other details. I don't see my older brother very often. He and his wife are very busy. They work full time, and they have a new baby. My sister-in-law is looking for a part- time job... B_ Work with a partner. Read your pariner’s paragraph. Then ask him or her at least three follow-up questions. A: What kind of job is your sister-in-law looking for? B: She is looking for a job as a nurse. UNIT1 LESSONT 11LESSON 2 EXPLORE Q) 1 READ the arficle about the changing size of families in Brazil. How and why is the size of families changing? The Shrinking Families of Brazil Nowadays, families in Brazil are getting smaller. In the past, Brazilian women often had seven or eight children. Today, however, most women think that two children are enough. Ask any Brazilian woman, “Why do you want only two children? Why not four? Why not have eight like your grandmother did?” The answer is always the same: “It’s too expensive! It’s too much work!” What accounts for" this change in Brazilian women's thinking? Why is this happening? One reason is improved education for girls in Brazil. More education usually means that women wait longer to have children and have fewer of them. In Brazil, TV soap operas (novelas) are also a big influence. No one can deny? the popularity of these programs. People all over the country watch them every evening. In the average novela, 90 percent of the female characters have just one child or no children at all. There are signs of this trend all over the country. As one business executive in Rio de Janeiro points out, “Look at the apartments. They're designed for a maximum of four people. Two bedrooms. In the supermarkets, even the labels on frozen foods—always for four people.” Clearly, many of today’s Brazilian women are not thinking about having big families anymore. * account for: cause or be the explanation for something * deny: to say something is not true > Smaller families like this one reflect the Brazilian birthrate. In 2013, women had an average of 1.8 children.8 Se cea Perey 2 CHECK. Correct the error in each sentence to make it true according to the article in exercise 1. 3. 4 don't wart L Brazilian women today wast big families. In Brazil today, women are having more children than their grandmothers did. There is only one reason for smaller families in Brazil, Most of the women in Brazilian soap operas have a lot of children DISCOVER. Complete the exercises to learn about the grammar in this lesson. A Read the statements about the article in exercise 1. Then underline the verb or verb phrase that agrees with each bold subject. Notice the different verb forms. 1 2 5. 6. The couple is thinking about having more children Most people think that two children are enough: My mother is looking at family photos My sister looks happy in the photo. Some large families are having trouble finding big apartments. Most apartments have only two bedrooms. B Work with a partner. Read the statements below. Then decide which statement is true for each sentence in exercise A. Write the number of the sentence next to the correct statement. 1. 2 The meaning of the verb is active; it expresses physical or mental action. _1 The meaning of the verb is not active; it expresses a state or condition. UNIT1 LESSON2 13LEARN 1.3. Stative Verbs 1. Stative verbs* usually express states or conditions. ¥ The baby wants the bottle now. Stative verbs are not usually used in the progressive. _X The baby is wanting the bottle now. 2. Many stative verbs fall in the following categories: a. Description: appear, be, look, look like, resemble, a. Your niece looks like you. seem, sound b. Feelings: dislike, hate. like, love, miss b. | love the picture of the whole family. ©. Senses: feel, hear, see, smell. taste ©. hear a phone ringing. Is it yours? d. Possession: belong, have, own d. That book belongs to Sofia. ©. Desires: hope. prefer, want @. Do you prefer coffee or tea? f. Mental states: agree, believe, know, think. {. He understands the assignment. understand g. Measurements: cost, weigh g. How much does the red hat cost? * Stative verbs are sometimes called non-action verbs. See page At for a Iist of stative verbs. 8 4 Look at the underlined verbs. Write A if itis an action verb and S if it is a stative verb. 1. ____ We are a very musical family. 2. ___Iplay the piano. 3. ____ My older sister owns five guitars. 4, ____ My younger brother sings beautifully. 5, ___ He has a wonderful voice. 6. ___ My parents love to listen to us. 7. ____ Sometimes they dance to our music. 8. ___ My grandparents know a lot about classical music. 8 5 Complete the questions and answers with the subjects and stative verbs in parentheses. 1, A: __Do most people have _ (most people / have) large or small families nowadays? B: Usually small ones. (many families / have) only one child. 2. (most people / own) their own homes these days? B: No, (most people / not own) their own homes They rent 3. A: ___ (it / cost) a lot to own a home? B: Yes. / cost) a lot of money. : What _________ (you / think) is the ideal number of children to have? B: Two, ___(1/hope) to have one boy and one girl someday. 14 PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE5. A; (you / know) anyone with more than four brothers and sisters? B: No, ___(it/seem) that everyone I know has only one brother or sister. 6A (you / look like) anyone else in your family? B: Yes. ___ (I/ resemble) my older brother a lot. 6 SPEAK. Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions from exercise 5. Use your own answers, not the answers in the book. A: Do most people in your country have large or small families nowadays? B: Most families have two or three children. 1.4 Stative Verbs: Stative and Active Meanings Reon ecu) Pe ecu) feel sick (state of body) feel the soft material (touch) have a car (own/possess) have a good time (experience) see something (perceive visually) see a movie (watch): see a doctor (visit) taste good (flavor) taste the food (take a bite) weigh 120 lbs (state of body) weigh the apples (put on scale) 1. Some stative verbs have both Stative: The flowers smell wonderfull stative and active meanings.* Active: Smell this perfume. Do you like it? 2.When the meaning is active, it is Stative: He doesn’t see well. He wears glasses. possible fo use the progressive Active: He's seeing a doctor monthly. He has a back problem. form of some stative verbs. Stative: | think those people are nice. (believe) Active: I'm thinking of going to Mexico. (considering) 3. Use the simple present or the How do you feel? = How are you feeling? present progressive for verbs that My foot hurts. = My foot is hurting. describe physical conditions. My back aches. = My back is aching. *See page At for examples of stative verbs that also have active meanings. 7 Circle the correct form of the verb in each sentence. 1. a. Mysister’s eyes are blue, and she(has)/ is having brown hair. b. Linda’s in the kitchen. She has / is having breakfast. 2. a. I think / am thinking Jon is her brother, but I'm not sure. b. [think / am thinking of going to the beach on Sunday. 3. a. Al should eat more. He only weighs / is weighing 120 pounds (55 kilograms) The store clerk weighs / is weighing the apples. Then, he'll tell us the price. Fr UNIT1 LESSON2 154. a. Henry isn’t / isn't being very friendly en today. I wonder if he's angry. Sometimes, being + adjective is used to The test is / is being difficult. You need to describe temporary changes in someone's personality or behavior. s study very hard for it. My son is being bad. He's usually good. 5. a. Jana doesn't see / isn’t seeing well. The teacher isn’t being fair. She has to wear glasses when she drives. oa Farah sees / is seeing her accountant today. She needs help with her taxes. 6. a. Yoko looks / is looking at the beautiful sunset . Yoko looks / is looking wonderful. Her dress is beautiful. s 7. a. I smell / am smelling the milk. I think it’s sour. c . What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling delicious! 8. a. The storm comes / is coming. Look at the dark clouds. b. Jaime comes / is coming from Mexico. He was born in Puebla. PRACTICE 8 Complete the conversations with the words in parentheses. Use the simple present or present progressive form of the verbs. 1. A: Why are you tasting (you / taste) the soup, Mom? B: (it / not smell) right. I want to make sure it's OK. 20 (you / have) time to talk right now? B: Not really. (I/ be) busy at the moment. 3. A: Why (you / look) so serious? What (you / think) about? B: All the things (we / need) to do for the family reunion. 4. A: What's wrong? (you/ seem) sad. B: ({/ miss) my family. Complete the paragraphs with the stative verbs in parentheses. Use the simple present or present progressive form of the verbs. Td) like: (like) a TV show called Modern Family. My favorite character is Gloria. She (2) (be) funny, and 1 (3) (love) her accent She (4)____ (come) from Colombia and (5)_____ (have) a son, Manny, from a previous marriage. Gloria's husband on the show is a much older man named Jay. 16 PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVEJay, Gloria, and Manny (6) (not always / agree) with each other. In fact, I (7) (watch) at the program right now, and Gloria and Jay @) (have) an argument. Jay (9) (be) stubborn, and Gloria is complaining about Jay's selfish behavior. She (10) (sound) very angry. Manny (11) (seem) like the only adult. It's very funny. Gloria's son, Manny, (12) (not resemble) her at all, and he (13) __ (have) different ideas about everything, but Gloria (14) — (love) him very much. Jay makes a lot of money and they (15) (own) a beautiful home, but you never actually (16) (see) him at work in the show. This can only happen on television! @ Q, 10 Complete the article about emperor penguins with the verbs in the box. Use the simple present or the present progressive. Use the present progressive when possible. Then listen and check your answers. be have know not be not have not need resemble see seem weigh Some aspects of family life among Antarctica’s emperor penguins _¥ A Penguin protects its chick by - resting the chick on its feet. (ay seem strange to people. For example, the female lays one egg, and then she leaves. She (2) abad mother. She simply needs to find food, and she is depending on the male to keep the egg warm. In about two months, the female returns and the egg hatches. The chick (3) its parents, but it@)___black and white feathers. It (3)__grey ones, Also, it (6) much smaller, and it (7) ____ much less than the average 75-pound adult. The parents teach the chick how to take care of itself, but there's one thing the chick (8) to learn: how to swim! When a penguin (9) water, it (10) exactly what to do, Emperor penguins are excellent swimmers! 11 APPLY. oe A. Inyour notebook, write a short paragraph about a family you know. Use at least five stative verbs that can have active meanings. Use chart 1.4 and the list on page Al to help you. B_ Read your description to the class. Ask your classmates follow-up questions. A: How old is Manny? B: I'm not sure. I think he's eleven or twelve. A: Do Carla and James have any children? _B: Yes, they have a son and two daughters. UNIT1 LESSON 2 17(te) I) Simple Past and Past Progressive oO g) 1 READ the newspaper article about twins and look at the photos. What do you think happens at a Twins Days Festival? Notes from the Twins Days Festival Jim Lodge, The Sunset Times The opening day of the Twins Days Festival was an exciting one. Over 2000 sets of twins arrived for three full days of fun. Everyone was looking forward to all the scheduled events—picnics, talent shows, parades, and contests. 1 found that there was a serious side to the festival, too. A lot of scientific research ‘was going on. One afternoon, while I was walking around, I stopped by a research tent Inside, technicians were photographing sets of twins, collecting their fingerprints, and scanning their irises." They were using the latest face-recognition software to try to tell the twins apart. As one scientist explained, “Although identical twins may look the same to you and me, a digital imaging system can spot tiny differences in freckles,” skin pores,* or the curve of their eyebrows.” Some twins were a challenge for the researchers. For example, it was hard to tell Dave and Don Wolf apart because their beards covered half of their faces. Ilooked very carefully at the brothers, but I didn’t see any difference at all. They seemed absolutely identical to me. But I had the very same reaction to almost every set of twins at the festival. It was like seeing double all the time! * iia: round colored part of a person's eye { ) a small ight brown spot on someone's skin tiny hale in the skin ¥ A gathering of 4 Idertoal twins ~‘4. Identical twins Dave and Don Wolf CHECK. Answer the questions. Write complete sentences. 1. How many sets of twins were at the festival? Over 2000 sets of twins were at the festival. 2. What were some of the festival events? 3. Who was doing serious work at the festival? 4. Why were Dave and Don Wolf a challenge for the researchers? DISCOVER. Complete the exercises to learn about the grammar in this lesson. Look at these sentences from the newspaper article in exercise 1. Underline all of the verb forms. 1. One afternoon, while I was walking around, I stopped by a research tent. 2. Inside, technicians were photographing sets of twins, collecting their fingerprints, and scanning their irises. 3. Tlooked very carefully at the brothers, but I didn't see any difference at all. Work with a partner. Look at the sentences in exercise A and the verb forms you underlined Then check (7) the correct box for each statement below. Simple Past —_—Past Progressive verb +-ed / was/were (nof) didn’t + base + verb +-ing form This verb form shows that an action or situation 1. continued for a period of time 2. started and finished without interruption. 3. interrupted another action. UNIT1 LESSON3 19LEARN Simple Past and Past Progressive Review Seased Peewee Affirmative Statements CS EEC DSS te didn't feel wall. Yes/No Questions Wh- Questions 1. Use the simple past for: a. completed actions or events b. repeated past actions that are not likely to happen again c. a past state or feeling Jim left the party at 8:00 last night. Jun and Kim stayed until 10:00. Javier didn’t go to class yesterday. Did Jan read the news this moming? Did you eat lunch yesterday? Where did you go last night? Who or What as Subject Who went to the movie after class? Jim was driving home at 8:15. Jun and Kim were talking at 8:15. Sue wasn't taking notes. We weren't texting during the class. Was Tim reading at age five? Were you eating lunch at 1:00? What were you doing at 8:00 last night? Who wasn't paying attention in class? a. We ate lunch at noon. b. The twins played several games. c. Nadia was sick yesterday. 2. Add -ed to most regular verbs to form the simple past. For negative forms, use didn’t + the base form of the verts. Many common verbs are inegular* and do not end in -ed. 3.Use the past progressive for an action or event that was in progress: a. ata specific time in the past b. when another action or event happened. The second action or event may cause the action in progress fo end. 4.Remember: The progressive is not usually used with stative verbs. Regular: Rui played soccer yesterday, but he didn’t play today. Inegular: | saw Marta, but | didn’t see Lor. was watching TV a | > 9:00 now She was watching TV at 9:00. Now she’s asleep. were driving b. | - T broke down now We were driving to the store, and our car broke down. W | believed his story for a long time. X | was believing his story for a long time. * Soe pages A1-A2 fora lst of spelling rules for the -ed and -ing forms of verbs. “Soe page A3 for a lst of regular verb forms. 4 Complete the exercises. Story 1 Our daughters, Carly and Tori, are twins. As children, Carly (1) (prefer) baseball. One time, Carly (3) acting and Tori (2) A Complete the stories about twins. Use the simple past or the past progressive. liked (like) (have) the part of Juliet in an upcoming production of Romeo and Juliet. Every day, Carly @ (play) catch nearby. But on the day of the performance, Carly (6) 20 PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE (practice) her lines for the school play, and Tori (5) (wake up)sick, Luckily, Tori (7)___ (know) alll of Carly's lines. On the night of the play, Carly (8)___ (stay) in bed at home, and Tori (9) __ (perform) the part of Juliet instead of Carly. No one at school ever (10) ___ (find) out! Story 2 My wife and I have twin daughters, and I'm a twin, too. As a child, I (11) (not enjoy) sports like my twin, Ray, did. I (12) (like) books. One summer day around noon, I (13) — (read) alone on the porch, and Ray (aay _____ (play) baseball in the yard with his friends. One of his friends (as) (throw) the ball to him, but at that moment Ray (16) (not look). So it (17) (hit) him hard in the arm. Strangely, at the same time, 1(18)___(feel) a sharp pain in my arm, It (19) _____(be) avery unusual experience. B_ Use the words and phrases to write simple past or past progressive questions about the stories in exercise A. 1. Why did Carly stay (Carly / stay) in bed on the night of the play? 2. Why (Tori / perform) in the play? 3. Which twin__ (read) alone on the porch? 4. What (happen) to Ray? 5. Why (Sam / feel) a pain in his arm? 6. Of the two stories, which one (you / prefer)? C SPEAK. Work with o partner. Take turns asking and answering the questions in exercise B. A: Why did Carly stay in bed on the night of the play? B: Because she was sick. 1.6 Past Time Clauses with When and While ficken Time Clause Second While Rob was eating lunch, the phone rang. Dave was hiking when he hurt his foot. Time Clause Main Clause Main Clause Time Clause . Use a when or while clause + a main clause fo show the relationship between os WeR HOM two past actions or events. Use a comma | | after the time clause when it comes first in started to rain now the sentence. | was walking home when it started to rain. While | was walking home. it started to rain. 2,Use when or while + the past progressive While the boy was running, he dropped his book. for an action or event that was in progress When the boy was running, he dropped his book. when another action happened. Use when + the simple past in the time ¥ The boy was running when he dropped his book. clause to show an interrupted action, X The boy was running while he dropped his book. UNIT1 LESSON 3 211.6 Past Time Clauses with When and While (cont.) 3.To show that one action or event When the phone rang, Lili answered it. happened before another, use a when \ , 1 time clause for the action that happened aero Second Evert first. Use the simple past in both clauses. 4.To show that two actions were in progress was studying at the same time in the past, use while in were watching the time clause. Use the past progressive in = both clauses. now While Li was studying, we were watching TV. oe 5 Circle the correct words to complete the tourist’s notes about an elephant family. We (1)Gaw/ were seeing a family of elephants when we (2) drove / were driving down a road in Tanzania. We stopped to watch them. Some of the elephants (3) drank / were drinking water while others were eating grass. (4) When / While I raised my hand to say “hello,” one of the elephants (5) lifted / was lifting its trunk as though to greet me. It made me laugh. A little later, one big female elephant (6) lead / was leading her family across the river (7) when / while one of her babies slipped. It was OK, of course. Later, while ¥ An elephant herd another young elephant (8) played / was playing near us, it (9) fell / was falling in the tt ariver bank amerpankin water and (10) got / was getting us very wet. We (11) decided / were deciding to head back to the camp (12) when / while it started to rain, We were already wet enough!PRACTICE WRITE & SPEAK. Work with a partner. Look at the time line and discuss the events in Julio's family history. Jullo’s Grandparents Jullo’s Father, Jiro Jullo's Parents, Jiro & Susan saved | emigrated | met& | Jiro money | toPeru | maried | bom Japan Sugar Plantation in Peru Lima, Peru B_ Read each pair of sentences. Then combine the sentences into one sentence with a past time clause. Use the simple past and the past progressive. Add a comma when necessary. For some sentences, more than one answer may be possible. 1. Julio's grandparents lived in Japan. They didn't know each other. When Julio's grandparents were living in Japan, they didn't know each other , 2. They saved enough money. They each emigrated to Peru. They each emigrated to Peru when___they saved enough money 3. Julio's grandparents worked on a sugar plantation in Peru. They met. when 4. Julio’s father, Jiro, was born. They lived on the sugar plantation. while 5. Jiro turned six. His family moved to Lima so he could go to school. ‘When 6. Jiro worked in the family store. He went to high school. while 7. Jiro saw Susan at school. He introduced himself. When 8. Jiro and Susan attended college in Lima. They got married. ‘When © In your notebook, write five questions about the information in exercise B. Use the simple past and the past progressive with time clauses. When Julio's grandparents were living in Japan, did they know each other? UNIT1 LESSON 3 23D_ Work with a partner. Ask and answer your questions from exercise on page 23. A: When Julio’s grandparents were living in Japan, did they know each other? B: No, they didn't. They met in Peru. 7 ~=LISTEN. QA Read the phrases about Bella's family history. Then listen fo her talk about a secret in her family. Who does each phrase relate to? Check (V7) the correct box(es). 1. found a copy of the family tree 2.told Bella about the secret 3.wanted to go to America 4.looked alike 5.did not move to America 6.wass Bella's grandmother @ Q B_ Work with a partner. Write the missing words to complete the story about Bella's family secret. Then listen again and check your answers One day, I (1)__was cleaning _ out a desk drawer (2) when I found a copy of my family tree. While I (3) at it, my mother (4) into the room. (5) she saw it, she (6) quiet. That's when she (7) me the family secret. It turns out that Grandma’s name wasn’t really (8) Her real name was ) Many years ago back in Russia, my grandmother's sister planned to marry an American (10) she turned 20, But while she (11) to go to America, she started to cry. She (12) to go anymore, but her sister, Marina, (13) The two sisters (14) alike, so when Maria's passport and boat ticket (15) ___, Marina took them and (16) all the way from Russia to America. 24 PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE ——(17) my mother was growing up, no one, not even my grandfather, (18) the secret. Of course, they (19) shocked when they (20) out. I certainly (21) ! EDIT. Read the phone conversation between Erica and her mother. Find and correct seven more errors with the simple past and the past progressive. Erica: Hello? Did | wake Mother: Hello, Erica? Were you asleep? Was‘Lwaking you up? Erica: Yeah, I slept. I didn’t sleep well last night, so I decided to take a nap. Mother: Oh, I'm sorry. I just was wanting to say hello. Erica: ‘Well, I had the strangest dream when the phone rang. I talked to Aunt Jelena. We were sit g in her living room. While we were talking, a bear suddenly was appearing. It was terrifying! When the bear came toward us, we were running outside. That's when I heard the phone. Mother: — That sounds like a scary dream! Erica: It was. It was a very strange dream. I'm glad I was waking up. Complete the chart with information about Erica’s dream in exercise A. 1. Where was Erica in her dream? In Aunt Jelena’s living room. 2. What was she doing? 3.What happened? 4. What did they do when the bear came toward them? 5.How did she feel when she woke up? __ APPLY. In your notebook, make a chart like the one in exercise 8B. Write 5-6 questions for a partner about a strange dream or experience. Then ask your partner your questions. Write his or her answers in the chart. A: Where were you? B: J was on a boat in the Mediterranean. A: What were you doing? B: I was on vacation with friends. We were taking pictures. Write a paragraph about your partner's dream. My partner had a dream about a vacation. She went away with two friends from college. They were celebrating their graduation. In her dream, they were taking pictures... UNIT] LESSON3 25NIT 1 eo Charts 1 Complete the paragraphs with the correct forms of the words in parentheses. Use the simple WAI present, present progressive, simple past, or past progressive. Add nof where necessary, Tm an only child. (1) I___don't have _ (have) any brothers or sisters. A lot of people @ — (feel) sorry for me when I tell them that, but I (3) (know) why. They (4) (believe) certain things to be true about all only children, but they're wrong. For example, many people (5)___________(think) that all only children are lonely, but I (6) ____________ (be) lonely as a child. 1(7)__________ (go) to my friends’ houses and (8) _________ (play) with the kids in my apartment building. Also, not all only children are spoiled. While I (___——s(grow up), my parents (10)__________—__(give) me a lot of love and attention, but I (11) __________ (get) everything I asked for. It's really not bad to grow up without siblings. Nowadays, more and more couples (12) — (decide) to have only one child. One reason is that it (13) (cost) a lot of money to raise children. Also, many couples (14) (wait) until their thirties to start a family. My husband and I (15) ____ (have) only one child, and we (16) ____(plan) to. have more, One child is just fine. Charts = 2 EDIT. Read the e-mail from Max's father to Anna, a family member. Find and correct eight 11.2, more errors with present and past (simple and progressive) verb forms. 13,15, 16 oe Hi Anna, are things going How dothings-go? Everything is great with Emily, Max, and me. J Max grows day by day. He's four months old now. He is getting big! Emily is working part time now. She was going back to work last month, so she’s always really tired. It's too bad babies aren't sleeping through the night. Max wakes up two or three times a night. I'm lucky. T'm never waking up. Emily does. Ineed my sleep. I'm working long hours these days. On top of that, my boss is always complaining about something. The other day, at 6:00 p.m., while I walked out the door to go home, he said, “Do you leave already?” These comments upset me, so now I think about changing jobs. Anyway, enough about me. What do you do nowadays? Write soon! Love, Carlos 26 PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVECharts, 11-16 Q Q Charts 11.13, 16 3 A 4 A LISTEN. Read the sentences about sibling relationships. Then listen to the interview and circle T for true or F for false. 1. Gender doesn't play a role in sibling differences. T F 2. Family relationships are different all over the world. T F 3. Parents often say that their children don't fight, T F 4. Children in the research study didn’t fight very often. T F 5. When children are fighting about a toy, they are really fighting T F about something that is more important to them. Listen again and circle the word or phrase you hear in the interview. 1. Sometimes we love / loved them to death; other times we don't / didn’t. 2. Our siblings know / knew us differently from the way our adult friends know / knew us because our siblings know / knew us when we were children. 3. The relationship is / was constantly changing 4. I'm not talking /I don’t talk about sibling relationships all over the world. 5. And my brother is ten years older than I am, so we don’t fight / didn’t fight. 6. but in fact, the research studies show / showed that children between the ages of three and seven fight / fought about 3.5 times per hour SPEAK & WRITE. Work in a group of three or four students. Ask and answer questions using the phrases in the box. When a student in your group answers yes to one of the questions, get more details by asking follow-up questions. comes from a large family has a set of twins in the family is an only child enjoyed swimming as a child is the youngest played a sport while he/she was growing up resembles a family member won a competition while he/she was growing up A: Do you come from a large family? B: Yes, I have a lot of relatives. A: Oh really? Where do they live? Write four or five sentences about your classmates based on your conversations from exercise A. Share your information with the class. Andrea comes from a very large family. She has more than 20 cousins. Misha won a pie-eating contest when he was 14 years old UNIT 1 REVIEW THE GRAMMAR 271 READ & NOTICE THE GRAMMAR. A Why do many adult children in their 20s and 30s live with their parents? Tell a pariner your ideas. Then read the text. Moving Back Home The number of children who return home in adulthood to live with their parents is increasing. In the past, grown children left home as soon as they could afford it. For example, my father left his parents’ house when he went to college. J Then, he got a job and his own apartment. | He never returned. iy Today life is different. Many young adults cannot find jobs, so they return home. Plus, they want to save money. My sister and her husband, for example, are living at our parents’ house to save money for a house. This new trend is affecting both the parents and their children. Sometimes their children get too comfortable and think that their parents can support them forever. Often parents face economic challenges because of this and have to postpone retirement. It seems that young adults these days are taking longer to grow up. GRAMMAR FOCU: In this text, the writer uses simple and progressive verb forms in the following ways Present progressive —_* to tell about current trends in society (The number of children . . . is increasing) * to tell about temporary situations (My sister and her husband... . are living . . ) Simple present + to give facts (..., so they return home) * with stalive verbs (if seems...) Simple past + to give examples from the past (Then, he got ajob... ) B_ Read the text in exercise A again. Find one more example of each verb form and identify its use. Complete the chart. Then work with a partner and compare your answers. Verb Form Example Use Present progressive Simple present Simple past 28 PRESENT AND PAST: SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVEWrite a Response to an Essay Question © © Complete the chart with information from the text in exercise A. Discuss your answers with a partner. Shorfessay Question) Why do many children in their 20s and 2 il live | In the Past Today Final Thoughts 2 BEFORE YOU WRITE. Work with a partner. Brainstorm more ways families are changing in the United States (or in your culture). Use exercise 10A on page 10 for ideas. Write at least five questions that ask about these changes Why are people getting married at an older age? B_ Choose one of your questions from exercise A to respond to. Make a chart like the one in exercise 1C and write your question in the top row. Add notes to help you organize your ideas for your response. 3 > WRITE a response to your question from exercise 2B. Write three paragraphs. Use your notes from exercise 1C and the text in exercise 1A to help you. WRITING FOCUS Using For Example to Give Supporting Ideas Notice for example in the text in exercise 1A. When for example starts a sentence, use a comma atter it. For example, my father left his parents’ house When for example is in the middle of a sentence, use a comma before and after it. My sister and her husband, for example, are living at our parents’ house. 4 SELF ASSESS. Read your response. Underline the verb forms in your response. Then use the checklist to assess your work. I used the simple present and simple past correctly. [1.1, 1.4] Lused the present progressive and past progressive correctly. [1.1, 1.2, 1.4] Lused the simple present with stative verbs. [1.3] Tused commas correctly when using for example. [WRITING FOCUS] UNIT 1 CONNECT THE GRAMMAR TO WRITING 29