Compliance and Safety Manual

RRU3276

Issue: 02

Date:2015-5-14

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.

Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and
the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be
within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,
information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or
representations of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com

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About This Chapter

1.1 Health and Safety
1.2 Equipment Safety
1.3 Electromagnetic Field Exposure

1.1 Health and Safety

1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Electrical Safety
1.1.3 Inflammable Environment
1.1.4 Battery
1.1.5 Radiation
1.1.6 Working at Heights
1.1.7 Mechanical Safety
1.1.8 Bundling Signal Cables

1.1.1 Overview
Introduction
This section describes the safety precautions you must take before installing or maintaining
Huawei equipment.
 To ensure safety of humans and the equipment, pay attention to the safety symbols on the
equipment and all the safety instructions in this document.
 The "NOTE", "CAUTION", and "WARNING" marks in other documents do not
represent all the safety instructions. They are only supplements to the safety instructions.
 Installation and maintenance personnel must understand basic safety precautions to avoid
hazards.

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 When operating Huawei equipment, in addition to following the general precautions in

this document, follow the specific safety instructions given by Huawei.
 Only trained and qualified personnel are allowed to install, operate, and maintain Huawei
equipment.

Local Safety Regulations

When operating Huawei equipment, you must follow the local laws and regulations. The
safety instructions in this document are only supplements to the local laws and regulations.

General Requirements
To minimize risk of personal injury and damage to equipment, read and follow all the
precautions in this document before performing any installation or maintenance.
Ensure that the instructions provided in this document are followed completely. This section
also provides guidelines for selecting the measuring and testing devices.

Installation
 The device (or system) must be installed in an access-controlled location.
 The device must be fixed securely on the floor or to other immovable objects such as
walls and mounting racks before operation.
 When installing the unit, always make the ground connection first and disconnect it at
the end.
 Tighten the thumbscrews by using a tool after initial installation and subsequent access
to the panel.
 The device must be fixed securely on the floor or other reliable objects, such as the walls
and the mounting racks before operation.
 The device (or system) must be installed in an restricted access location.
 A readily accessible disconnect device shall be incorporated in the building installation
wiring.

Ground
 Do not damage the ground conductor or operate the device in the absence of a properly
installed ground conductor. Conduct the electrical inspection carefully.
 The device (or system) must be connected permanently to the protection ground before
an operation. The cross-sectional area of the protective ground conductor must be at least
16 mm2.

Power Supply
 For DC-supplied model: The device applies to DC power source that complies with the
Safety Extra-Low Voltage (SELV) requirements in IEC 60950-1 based safety standards.
 Prepared conductors are connected to the terminal block, and only the appropriate
AWG/Type of wire is secured with the lug terminals.
 Short-circuit (overcurrent) protection of the device varies according to the building's
installation. Ensure that a fuse or circuit breaker no larger than 80 VDC, 30A for
DC-supplied model is used on the phase conductors (all current-carrying conductors).

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 To minimize the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG or larger telecommunication line
cord.
 Reinforced insulation or double insulation must be provided to isolate DC source from
AC mains supply.

Human Safety
 Do not operate the device or cables during lightning strikes.
 To avoid electric shock, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to
telecommunication network voltage (TNV) circuits.
 Move or lift the chassis by holding its lower edge. Do not hold the handles on certain
modules such as power supply, fans, and boards because they cannot support the weight
of the device.
 Do not look into the optical port without eye protection.
 Do not wear jewelry or watches when you operate the device.

Operator
 Only qualified professional personnel are allowed to install, configure, operate, and
disassemble the device.
 Only the personnel authenticated or authorized by Huawei are allowed to replace or
change the device of the parts of the device (including the software).
 Any fault or error that might cause safety problems must be reported immediately to a
supervisor.
 Only qualified personnel are allowed to remove or disable the safety facilities and to
troubleshoot and maintain the device.

Operation temperature
 -40 to +50˚C.

1.1.2 Electrical Safety

High Voltage

The high voltage power supply provides power for the device operation. Direct or indirect
contact (through damp objects) with high voltage and AC mains supply may result in fatal
danger.
 During the installation of the AC power supply facility, follow the local safety
regulations. The personnel who install the AC facility must be qualified to perform high
voltage and AC operations.
 Do not wear conductive articles, such as watches, hand chains, bracelets, and rings
during the operation.

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 When water is found in the rack or the rack is damp, switch off the power supply
immediately.
 When the operation is performed in a damp environment, make sure that the device is
dry.

Non-standard and improper high voltage operations may result in fire and electric shock.
Therefore, you must abide by the local rules and regulations when bridging and wiring AC
cables. Only qualified personnel are allowed to perform high voltage and AC operations.

Before powering on a device, ground the device. Otherwise, personal injury or device damage
may be caused by high leakage current.

Thunderstorm

Do not perform any operation, including high voltage and AC operations, on a steel tower or
mast during a thunderstorm.

Tools

Dedicated tools must be used during high voltage and AC operations. Avoid using ordinary
tools.

High Electrical Leakage

Ground the device before powering it on. Otherwise, personal injury or device damage may
be caused by high leakage current.

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If a "high electrical leakage" tag is present on the power terminal of the device, you must
ground the device before powering it on.

Power Cable

Do not install or remove power cables when the device is on. Transient contact between the
core of the power cable and the conductor may generate electric arcs or sparks, which may
cause fire or hurt human eyes.
 Before installing or removing the power cable, turn off the power switch.
 Before connecting a power cable, check that the label on the power cable is correct.

 If the device is connected with the DC power supply, use 4 mm² or 10 AWG minimum
power supply cord.
 Use type H03VV-F or light PVC-sheathed flexible cord according to IEC 60227.

1.1.3 Inflammable Environment

Operating the electrical device in an inflammable environment can be fatal.

Do not place the device in an environment that has inflammable and explosive air or gas. Do
not perform any operation in this environment.

1.1.4 Battery
Storage Battery

Before operating storage batteries, carefully read the safety precautions for battery handling
and connection.

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Improper handling of storage batteries causes hazards.

When operating storage batteries, avoid short circuit and overflow or leakage of the
electrolyte. Electrolyte overflow may damage the device. It will corrode metal parts and
circuit boards, and ultimately damage the device and cause short circuit of circuit boards.

Basic Precautions
Before installing and maintaining the battery, note the following:
 Do not wear metal articles such as wristwatch, hand chain, bracelet, and ring.
 Use special insulation tools.
 Take care to protect your eyes when operating the device.
 Wear rubber gloves and a protective coat in case of electrolyte overflow.
 When handling a storage battery, ensure that its electrodes are upward. Leaning or
reversing the storage battery is prohibited.

Short Circuit

Battery short circuit may cause human injuries. Although the voltage of ordinary batteries is
low, the instantaneous high current caused by the short circuit releases a great deal of energy.

There is danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Therefore, replace the
battery only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer.

Keep away metal objects, which may cause battery short circuit, from batteries. If metal
objects must be used, first disconnect the batteries in use before performing any other
operations.

Hazardous Gas

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 Do not use unsealed lead acid storage batteries. Lead acid storage batteries must be placed
horizontally and stably to prevent the batteries from releasing flammable gas, which may
cause fire or erode the device.
 Lead acid storage batteries in use emit flammable gas. Therefore, ventilation and
fireproofing measures must be taken at the sites where lead acid storage batteries are used.

Battery Temperature

If a battery overheats, the battery may be deformed or damaged, and the electrolyte may
overflow.

When the temperature of the battery is higher than 60℃, check the battery for electrolyte
overflow. If the electrolyte overflows, absorb and counteract the electrolyte immediately.

Battery Leakage

When the electrolyte overflows, absorb and counteract the electrolyte immediately.

When moving or handling a battery whose electrolyte leaks, note that the leaking electrolyte
may hurt human bodies. When you find the electrolyte leaks, use the following substances to
counteract and absorb the leaking electrolyte:
 Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda): NaHCO3
 Sodium carbonate (soda): Na2CO3
Select a substance to counteract and absorb the leaking electrolyte according to the
instructions of the battery manufacturer.

1.1.5 Radiation
Electromagnetic Field Exposure

Radio-frequency signals with high intensity are harmful to human body.

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Before installing or maintaining an antenna on a steel tower or a mast with a large number of
transmitter antennas, coordinate with the parties concerned to shut down the transmitter
antennas.

Laser
The laser hazard level of this device is Class 1.

When handling optical fibers, do not stand close to or look at the optical fiber outlet directly
with unprotected eyes.

General Laser Information

Laser transceivers or transmitters are used in optical transmission systems and associated test
tools. The wavelength of the laser is between 780 nm and 1600 nm. The laser transmitted
through optical fibers has very high power density and is invisible to human eyes. A beam of
light causes damage to the retina.
Laser of wavelengths used in telecommunications causes thermal damage to the retina.
Lasers used in lightwave systems have a larger beam divergence, typically 10 to 20 degrees.
Looking at an un-terminated fiber or damaged fiber with unprotected eyes at a distance
greater than 150 mm (6 inches) does not cause eye injury. Eye injury, however, may be caused
if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to view the
energized fiber end.
A lightwave system in normal operating mode is totally enclosed and presents no risk of eye
injury. The automatic laser shutdown (ALS) feature of the lightwave system also ensures
safety. The ALS, however, can be applied to bi-directional transmission only. If the receiver
side does not detect the laser from the transmitter side, it sends the transmitter side a signal.
Upon receiving the signal, the ALS shuts down the laser emission within 100 ms.

Safety Guidelines
Follow the following guidelines to avoid laser radiation:
 Read the instructions before installing, operating, and maintaining the device. Ignoring
the instructions can cause exposure to dangerous laser radiation.
 Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers.
 Only qualified personnel are allowed to perform laser-related operations.
 Make sure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber
connectors.
 Before opening the front door of an optical transmission system, make sure that you are
not exposed to laser radiation.
 Do not look at the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure
whether the optical source is switched off or not.
 Use an optical power meter to check that the optical source is switched off and verify
that it is off by measuring the optical power.

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 Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to
view the optical connector or fiber.

Handling Fibers
Read the instructions before handling fibers:
 Only trained and qualified personnel can cut or splice fibers.
 Before cutting or splicing a fiber, ensure that the fiber is disconnected from the optical
source. After disconnecting the fiber, use protecting caps to protect all the optical
connectors.

1.1.6 Working at Heights

Avoid object falling when you work at heights.

When working at heights, fulfill the following requirements:

 Only trained personnel can work at heights.
 Prevent the devices and tools that you carry from falling down.
 Take safety and protection measures, for example, wear a helm and safety belt.
 Wear warm clothes when working at heights in a cold region.
 Before working at heights, check that all the lifting facilities are in good condition.

Hoisting Heavy Objects

Do not walk below the cantilever or hoisted objects when heavy objects are being hoisted.
 Only trained and qualified personnel can perform hoisting operations.
 Before hoisting heavy objects, check that the hoisting tools are complete and in good
condition.
 Before hoisting heavy objects, ensure that the hoisting tools are fixed to a secure object
or wall with good weight capacity.
 Issue orders with short and explicit words to avoid misoperations.
 Ensure that the angle formed by two cables is not larger than 90 degrees. See Figure 1-1.

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Figure 1-1 Hoisting heavy objects

Using Ladders

Checking a Ladder
 Before using a ladder, check whether the ladder is damaged. Only the ladder in good
condition can be used.
 Before using a ladder, you should know the maximum weight capacity of the ladder.
Avoid overweighing the ladder.

Placing a Ladder
The recommended gradient of ladders is 75 degrees. You can measure the gradient of the
ladder with an angle square or your arms. When using a ladder, ensure that the wider feet of
the ladder are downward, or take protection measures for the ladder feet to prevent the ladder
from sliding. Ensure that the ladder is placed securely.

Climbing Up a Ladder
When climbing up a ladder, note the following:
 Ensure that the center of gravity of your body does not deviate from the edges of the two
long sides.
 To minimize the risk of falling, hold your balance on the ladder before any operation.

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 Do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the ladder (counted from up to down).
 If you want to climb up a roof, ensure that the ladder top is at least one meter higher than
the roof.

1.1.7 Mechanical Safety

Drilling Holes

Do not drill the cabinet at will. Drilling holes without complying with the requirements affects
the electromagnetic shielding performance of the cabinet and damages the cables inside the
cabinet. In addition, if the scraps caused by drilling enter the cabinet, the printed circuit
boards (PCBs) may be short circuited.
 Before you drill a hole in the cabinet, wear insulated gloves and remove the internal
cables from the cabinet.
 Wear an eye protector when drilling holes. This is to prevent your eyes from being
injured by the splashing metal scraps.
 Ensure that the scraps caused by drilling do not enter the cabinet.
 Drilling holes without complying with the requirements affects the electromagnetic
shielding performance of the cabinet.
 After drilling, clean the metal scraps immediately.

Sharp Objects

Before you hold or carry a device, wear protective gloves to avoid getting injured by sharp
edges of the device.

Handling Fans
When handling fans, note the following:
 When replacing a component, place the component, screws, and tools in a safe place.
Otherwise, if any of them fall into the operating fans, the fans may be damaged.
 When replacing a component near fans, do not insert your fingers or boards into the
operating fans until the fans are switched off and stops running.
 When maintaining fan unit, disconnect the fan power prior to maintain it.
 Fan blades are hazardous moving parts. Keep away from moving fan blades.

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Lifting Heavy Objects

When heavy objects are being lifted, do not stand or walk under the cantilever or the lifted
object.

1.1.8 Bundling Signal Cables

 Do not bundle signal cables with high current cables or high voltage cables.
 Maintain a minimum space of 150 mm between adjacent ties.

1.2 Equipment Safety

1.2.1 Electricity Safety
1.2.2 Electrostatic Discharge
1.2.3 Installing and Removing a Board
1.2.4 Laying Cables

1.2.1 Electricity Safety

Thunderstorm

During thunderstorms, the electromagnetic field generated in the thunderstorm area may
damage the electronic parts. To prevent damage to the device during lightning, ground the
device properly.

High Electrical Leakage

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If the "high electrical leakage" tag is present on the power terminal of the device, you must
ground the device before powering it on.

Fuse

If a fuse is to be replaced, the new fuse must be of the same type and specifications.

Table 1-1 lists the fuses that affect the safety of the device (or system). Use fuses according to
this list.

Table 1-1 Fuse description

Position Manufacturer Type Rating

Fuse F1, F2 (on Littelfuse 0215010.M 250 V, 10 A
SS01OPU)
19040089
Fuse F1 (on LVC) Littelfuse 0217.500.M F500 mAL/250 V
19040013 Bussman S500-500mA
Fuse F1, F2 (on Littelfuse 0313025.M 25 A
APIU)
Bussman MDL-25A
19040079

1.2.2 Electrostatic Discharge

The static electricity generated by human bodies may damage the electrostatic-sensitive
components on boards, for example, the large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits.

Human body movement, friction between human bodies and clothes, friction between shoes
and floors, or handling of plastic articles causes static electromagnetic fields on human bodies.
These static electromagnetic fields cannot be eliminated until the static is discharged.
To prevent electrostatic-sensitive components from being damaged by the static on human
bodies, you must wear a well-grounded ESD wrist strap when touching the device or handling
boards or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).

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Figure 1-2 shows how to wear an ESD wrist strap.

Figure 1-2 Wearing an ESD wrist strap

1.2.3 Installing and Removing a Board

When installing a board, use proper force to prevent the pins on the backplane from being
leaned.

When installing or removing a board, note the following:

 Insert the board along the guide rails.
 Prevent the surface of a board from contacting the surface of another board. This is to
prevent the boards from being short-circuited or scratched.
 To prevent electrostatic-sensitive devices from being damaged by the ESD, do not touch
the circuits, components, connectors, or connection slots on boards.

1.2.4 Laying Cables

When the temperature is very low, violent strike or vibration may damage the cable sheathing.
To ensure safety, comply with the following requirements:
 Cables can be laid or installed only when the temperature is higher than 0℃.
 Before laying cables which have been stored in a temperature lower than 0℃, move the
cables to an environment of the ambient temperature and store them at the ambient
temperature for at least 24 hours.
 Handle cables with caution, especially at a low temperature. Do not drop the cables
directly from the vehicle.

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1.3 Electromagnetic Field Exposure

Introduction
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) emits Radio Frequency (RF) radiation. Follow the local
safety regulations when installing and operating the BTS to avoid radiation hazard.

Guidelines on Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields

There are a number of international regulations, standards, and guidelines for exposure to
electromagnetic fields. Some European countries have adopted the recommendation of the
council of the European Union (1999/519/EC), released on July 12, 1999, focusing on the
hazards of exposure to electromagnetic fields. The recommendation is based on the guideline
published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).
Reference levels are provided for exposure assessment, that is, to determine whether the
minimum limit of human exposure to electromagnetic fields is exceeded. The minimum limit
on exposure to electromagnetic fields is based on established health effects and biological
considerations.

Location of Base Station Antennas

Base station antennas, the source of the radiation, are usually mounted:
 On freestanding towers, with a height up to 30 m
 On a tower on the top of buildings
 To the side of buildings, on rare occasions
Generally, the antenna cannot be located in a position lower than 10 m. The energy usually
forms a horizontal main beam and is slightly tilted downwards. The remaining energy forms
into weaker beams on both sides of the main beam. The main beam, however, does not reach
the ground if the antenna is around 50–200 m away from the ground.
The highest level of emission would be expected in close vicinity of the antenna and in line of
sight to the antenna.

Exclusion Zones
The requirements for exclusion zones are as follows:
 The antenna should be properly located to prevent the public from accessing the area
where the RF radiation exceeds the previously mentioned limits.
 If areas with excessive RF radiation are accessible to the operation and maintenance
(O&M) personnel, ensure that they know the source of radiation and can power off or
shut down the transmitters before entering high radiation areas. In addition, such areas
must be confined within a distance of 10 m from the antennas.
 Each exclusion zone should be defined by a physical barrier and by a recognizable sign
warning the public or O&M personnel.

Guidelines on Choosing Antenna Sites

The guidelines on choosing the antenna sites are as follows:

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 For roof-mounted antennas, raise the antennas above the height of the personnel who
may have to work on the rooftop.
 For roof-mounted antennas, keep the transmitter antennas away from the areas accessible
to the public, such as roof access points, telephone service points, and HVAC devices.
 For roof-mounted directional antennas, place the antennas near the periphery, and do not
make the antennas face the building.
 Consider the trade-off between large aperture antennas (lower maximum RF) and small
aperture antennas (lower visual impact).
 Keep higher-power antennas away from accessible areas.
 Keep the antennas in a site that is far away from urban areas, though this may contradict
the coverage area requirements.
 Exercise extra caution when designing co-location sites, that is, antennas owned by
different companies are located in the same site or are co-sited. This applies particularly
to sites that include high-power broadcast (FM/TV) antennas. Local zone often favors
co-location, but co-location may cause safety problems.
 Take special precautions for antenna sites near hospital and schools.

Location of BTS
The BTS is shielded from RF radiation hazards. The device has been tested to comply with
the radioactive spurious emission requirements of international standards or local regulations.
Therefore, the BTS under normal operating conditions does not cause danger to the public and
O&M engineers. However, the limits for RF radiation might be exceeded due to faulty
antenna cables or for other causes.
 BTS sites shall not be accessible to the public. Only authorized and trained personnel can
access BTS sites or equipment rooms.
 A sign of excessive RF radiation must be present on the doors of the sites or equipment
rooms to warn the personnel inside the site or equipment room of excessive RF radiation.
 BTS sites must be regularly monitored and inspected after installation.

Prediction of the Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields

This section provides a theoretical approach to calculate possible exposure to electromagnetic
radiation around a BTS antenna. Precise statements are possible either with measurements or
complex calculations considering the complexity of the environment, such as soil conditions,
nearby buildings and other obstacles. The complexity may cause reflection, deflection, and
scattering of electromagnetic fields.
The maximum output power (given in EIRP) of a BTS is usually limited by license conditions
of the network operator.
A rough estimation of the expected exposure in power flux density on a given point can be
made with the following equation:
S = (P(W) x Gnumeric)/(4 x r²(m) x π)
Where,
P = Maximum output power at antenna port of the BTS in W
Gnumeric = Numeric gain (see below)
r = Distance between the antenna and the point of exposure in meters

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For the calculation of the Gnumeric,

Gnumeric = 10GdB/10
GdB = Gantenna(dB) – Bcable(dB) – Bvertical-attenutation(dB) – Bhorizontal-attenuation(dB)
B = attenuation in dB

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