Manual Using CDS

Civil Design & Survey
from
F o r e s i g h t S o f t w a r e
Tutorial Manual
CDS/TRPS Version 1.02 Example 1A Page - 1
Introduction
The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce you to the “look and feel” of
CDS/TRPS
You will learn how to

♦ Open jobs.
♦ Zoom the display.
♦ Pan the display.
♦ Use modes and layers (and their function keys) to control what is
displayed on the active screen.
♦ Use a Query to find or alter the attributes of a point.
♦ Use the “join” hotkey to find the bearing, distance and grade between
any two points.
♦ Open multiple windows to allow different “views” of a job.
♦ Display different jobs at the one time.
Before starting, you need to have installed the Tutorial Data from the
CDS/TRPS Tutorial Disk supplied, so if you haven’t already done so,
please install the data now by inserting the disk and using the Run command
from Windows to activate A:\setup.
Note: It is not the intention of these tutorials to provide

you with basic instruction in how to use Windows. If
you do not already have a basic knowledge of how to
use Windows to do the everyday things like; start
programs, open folders, select files, minimize and
maximize sessions, set up printers and print then it is
reasonably pointless in trying to complete these
tutorials.
Please save yourself time and frustration by first
undertaking some basic training so you are
comfortable with the basic functions provided by your
operating system before you attempt to undertake these
tutorials.
Once you are ready to proceed, select the Start button, then select Programs
to display the list of programs available on your computer.
Page 2 Example 1A CDS/TRPS Version 1.02
Select Foresight CDS/TRPS from that list, and a screen will appear as seen
below.
Now select File from the

menu followed by Open.
The tutorial data has been

stored in a folder named
“Foresite\Tutor” so you
need to use Windows to
open that folder for you.
You will see that the
program is suggesting that
you Look In a folder named
Program.
Click on the folder with an up arrow, to indicate you wish to look at a higher
level folder, and you will see the main Foresite Folder displayed with the
other folders below it. Select the Tutor folder.
Once the folder is open the screen similar to that seen below. (Depending on
the version of this document, there may be more, less or different files listed
in the folder, so don’t worry if the screen is not 100% identical).
In Foresight terms, the most important file in any job is the database where
all the points are stored, so you will see a list of all the databases in the
folder. Note that to
maintain compatibility
with earlier versions, the 3
character “Job ID” is
retained at this stage, but
later releases of the
software will move to the
“long filenames” allowed
by the latest Windows
versions.
As you select these “db”

files with a single click of
your cursor, you will see details about the job listed in the relevant
descriptive fields, allowing easy identification.
The Job, or Database that we are interested in is job “970”, so highlight the
file called “db.970”. The descriptions should indicate that it is data for
Example 1A, so double click “db.970” and the screen should appear as
below.
Please note that
the points in the
job are not
meant to
represent
anything like the
jobs you will
encounter in
daily practice,
but are merely an
invented set of
points designed
to spell out
TRPS, and to be
used in this
Tutorial.
So, if you use your imagination, and can make out the letters of TRPS on
your screen we are off to a good start, so let’s explore what functions are
available.
Firstly, if you look from the top of the screen, you will see the second line is
the Menu list that contains the various “drop down menus” you will learn to
use to complete your tasks.
Below the menu list is a row containing a number of icons, and these icons
can be used to give you quick access to commonly used functions.
If you run your cursor slowly over the icons, a window will appear on the
end of your cursor arrow telling you what each icon accesses, so take a few
moments now to position your cursor over each icon in turn to get the idea
of what they do.
The first function we will explore is the Zoom function which allows you to
control the size of the job, or more correctly, how much of your current job
is displayed on the screen at any given time.
Zoom
To access the Zoom function you can
1. Select the Icon showing a magnifying glass over the corner of a
screen , or
2. Press the “Z” key on the keyboard.
Once you either select the icon or press “z” you are in Zoom Mode, and
more particularly, you are in Zoom Window mode, and your cursor will
have changed to a magnifying glass.
The program is now waiting for you to place a Window around the area you
are interested in.
To do this move your cursor to where you want one corner of the window to
be, and hold down the select button (normally the left one) on your mouse.
With the button held down, move the mouse to drag the window until it
envelopes the area you wish to see at a larger scale.
For example, in the screen below left you see a window around the “T” and
“R” in this job, and in the screen on the right you see the screen which is
presented once the button is released.
Please note that the program takes the dimension of

the window you specify and then expands that in
whatever direction necessary to fit the active window.
In this case, the vertical dimension of the window shown has been used to
fill the screen, and there is room in the horizontal direction to also display
the points in the letter “R” as well.
Don’t be confused by those programs that allow you to put a window around
something, and then only display the contents of the window on the screen,
that is not the intention here.
The other function currently available within zoom is to reverse the effects
of the Zoom Window, and to again display the whole job in the active
window.
To achieve this you wish to Zoom Extents, so when you activate Zoom
(either from the icon, or pressing Z) immediately press the “E” key to
indicate Extents are required, and the screen will be redrawn to show all the
points in the job within the active window.
You can also enlarge the size of the job, or zoom in with
the ‘+’ icon, or you can reduce the size of the job, or zoom
out with the ‘-’ icon, and you should try them to see what
they can achieve for you.
Pan the Display.

As well as Zooming, it is useful if you can also Pan, which means to move
the existing window over the underlying data. To Pan, you can either;
- Press the “P” key, or
- Select the Icon with 4 arrow head on the toolbar (seen above).
When you enter Pan mode, the cursor will change to be a cross bearing 4
arrow heads as seen above.
All you need to do to Pan is to put the cursor near the point you wish to
move, press the left mouse button, and hold it down while you ‘drag’ the
cursor to where you would like the point to be.
For example, in the screen below left we have positioned the cursor near
Point 12 in the “R”, then dragged across to near the left hand border, and
down a little from horizontal. You will see a line drawn to show where the
item will move.
When you release the mouse button the screen will be redrawn in its new
location, as seen in the screen shown below right.
Now that you know how to control the extent of the data which is displayed,
next you need to consider how you can control what is shown on that
display at any point in time as far as the attributes of the points, strings,
contours and triangles are concerned.
The combined effects of the Modes and Layers functions control the
Display, and first we will consider Modes.
Modes - Display
You may access the Modes function by selecting its icon, or by pressing the
F9 function key.
The modes icon is the one to the right of the Zoom icon and it represents a
screen display controlling how the job will appear.
When you select the Modes Icon, or press the F9 function key, the screen on
top of the next page will appear.
If you look at the first two options available, you will see that the Display
can either be controlled by Layers, or by Modes, and while the program
gives default control to the layers, there are times when your data is not
conveniently arranged in layers, so it is important that you know how to take

control over what is displayed.
To give you an example of what you can do, click the radio button adjacent
to Modes to indicate that you wish to use the Modes function to control the
display.
Next select the “ON” button adjacent to heights to indicate that you want the
heights of all the points displayed.
Now select “OK” at the bottom of the screen.
The screen will now

appear as at right, and
you should notice that
heights of all the
points are now
displayed rather than
the point numbers, and
the text is now all the
same colour.
If you wish, you can

again call up the
Modes screen and turn
Point codes ON.
Alternatively, you can also use the function keys which were established in
previous versions of Foresight to turn various attributes On/Off.
The Function Keys and their attributes are as follows.
F1 Help F2 Point Numbers

F3 Strings F4 String Names
F5 Heights F6 Codes
F7 Contours F8 Triangle Model
F9 Modes Screen F10 Layers Screen
F11 Points (dots)
Please note that there are a limited number of function keys available, and
they have been assigned to the most commonly displayed items.
If you wish to display Description, Layer Names, Road Number, Chainage

or Offset there is no function key available so you will need to use the
modes screen to turn these items on or off.
You should also be aware that the Modes function is also designed to
display only one attribute at a time, so you can either have Point Numbers
displayed, or you can have Codes displayed etc, but you can’t have some
Point Numbers and some codes. To do that you need to use layers.
You can however use the Select option from the modes screen to limit the
display to a specified range of point rather than all points in the job. But if
you look at the screen you will see there is only one Select range, so the
attribute currently turned on will be displayed for the range of Points you
have specified.
This function was not designed to allow you to display different attributes
for different ranges of points. That ability is handled by layers which we will
now introduce you to.
Before you proceed, please press Z followed by E to display the entire job.
Layers
The Layers icon that is shown at left, can be found to the right of the Modes
Icon, and the layers screen can also be quickly accessed by using the F10
function key.
When you select

layers, a screen
similar to that at
right will appear.
Here you will see

that there are six
different layers in
the current job.
If you do not
assign points to a
particular layer
they will all be
placed on a
default layer of 0.
Before you start tinkering with the screen, remember that the Modes screen
has ultimate control over whether the display takes notice of the Modes or
the Layers parameter screen, and since we have just finished using Modes to
control the display, we need to switch it over.
Select the tab marked “Modes - Display” and turn on the Layers button.
Then select the Layers tab to bring back the screen above.
To get some idea of the capabilities of this Layers function, we will first turn
layer 0 and layer “Centre” OFF so they are not displayed.
To do this, position the cursor on the relevant line in the layer table and
select it with the select button on your mouse. The selected layer will be
highlighted and you then pick the relevant option from the selection boxes
below.
Note you can also select a number of layers at the one

time by “dragging” the mouse over the layers to be
selected, but we will leave you to practice this function
on your own.
Once you have turned 0 and centre OFF, Select layer “Are”. Then use the
pull down option to choose to display the Height (hgt) for this layer.
Now select layer “Pee” , use the pull down option and scroll through the list
to assign the “code” to be displayed.
Next select layer “Ess” and assign the attribute of “desc” to display the
description.
If you wish, you can also assign different colours to each of these layers to
make identification or differentiation easier, but though you can see the
difference on the screen, since this tutorial is printed in black and white, the
different colours will not reproduce here.
Once you have made the relevant selections select the “OK” button and you
should see a display as below.
As well as allowing selection of which attributes are to be displayed, the

layers function allows you to display only those points in which you have a
current interest.
So, for example, call up your layers screen again, turn off all layers except
“TEE” and “PEE”, and the screen should appear as below.
Hint: One way to

achieve this with
a minimum of
actions is to
select “None On”
to turn all layers
off with one
action, and then
select Tee and
turn it on, and
then Select Pee
and turn it on.
The standard
Windows method
of selecting items
using Shift Select for Groups and Control Select for individual items is
applicable in the Layers function.
Query
The next Icon displayed on the menu bar is in the form of a question mark,
and if you have a question about any particular point, or wish to change a
particular point, you can select this icon, or enter “?” from the keyboard.
You may type in the number of the point you are interested in, or point to it
with the cursor, and its details will be displayed.
A line will also be drawn from the bottom left hand corner of the window to,
or towards the point to indicate its location.
In addition you can use the “Next” and “Previous” buttons to scan forward
and backward through the database.
If you wish to alter the values of a point, you can position the cursor in the
relevant field, and type in the value you require.
The function will NOT allow you to change the point number of a point, but
you can alter any of the other database fields, so please be careful and make
sure you know what you are doing before you start.
If you do change any of the values, once you select the “OK” button you
will be asked to verify that you wish to save the changes which you have
made, and you must select Yes if you wish the changes to be made
permanent.
Joins
You will often need to know the bearing and distance between two points in
your job, and in CDS/TRPS we call this a “Join”. ( It is also known as an
“Inverse” in some areas.
The Join function does not have an icon, and is accessed by pressing the “J”
key on your keyboard.
This is one of the “Hot Keys” which you need to remember to make use of
the software easier.
Once you press J, you will

find a “Join” Dialogue Box
appears as seen in the screen
at right, and the box is
requesting a First Point and
a Second Point.
You may type in the Point

numbers of the relevant
points, or you may select the
points you require by
pointing to them with the
cursor.
To select the point, simply place your cursor (the tip of the arrow) over the
point attribute that is displayed and select it with the left button on the
mouse.
If you select Points 1 and 9,

the bearing and distance
between them will be
displayed as seen at the
bottom of the previous page.
If both points have valid
heights then the percentage
grade between them will
also be displayed. You will
also see a line drawn on the
screen between the points.
Multiple Windows
In some cases it is useful to have two (or more) different views of a
particular job, and this can be easily achieved as shown below, but before
you start, use your Layers function again and turn all the layers On.
First pull down the “Window” menu from the menu list, and select the “New
Window” option. You will see a second window appear with your job
displayed in it, and when it appears it is “cascaded” over the existing

window, partly obscuring the first window.
So you can see the contents of both windows at the on time, CDS/TRPS has
function to allow you to “tile” the windows, and because jobs are of
different shapes, you have the ability to tile either vertically or horizontally.
If you again pull down the Window menu and select the option to Tile
Vertically, the screen will appear as in the diagram below left, while if you
choose to Tile Horizontally, you screen will resemble the screen below
right.
If you Tile Vertically, and then Zoom a window around the “R” shape in the
job, you should see a screen as below left.
You should be aware at this

stage that while you can
have two, or more windows
open at any time, only one
window can be active at any
given time.
The active window can be

determined by looking at the
“bar” along the top of the
window.
One will be coloured, while the other will be “greyed out”, and the one
which is coloured is the active window.
(Because you can set screen colours to your own taste, we can’t predict what
colour the bar will be, but you will see the difference)
If you wish to switch to make the other window active, simply position the
cursor within the window and press your left mouse button. You will see the
“coloured bar” changes to indicate the new active window.
Any changes which you make as far as Modes or Layers are concerned will
take effect immediately in the active window, but will not become apparent
in the non-active window until it is redrawn.
You can use this feature to give yourself a simultaneous display of two
different attributes of the points on display.
For example, in the screen

at left we have the display
in the right hand window
controlled by Layers, while
in the Left hand window we
have zoomed up the area of
the “R” and then used
Modes to display the point
numbers of those points in
the active window.
To extend this concept a

little further, if you look at the screen displayed below, you will see four
windows.
To achieve this, you use the

“New Window” function
three times to create three
new windows, and then use
the Tile Vertical command
to set the four “panes” in
place.
You then make each
window active in turn, and
while the window is active
use the Zoom command,
and/or the Modes/Layers
function to control what is displayed in each window.
So far we have concentrated on different views of the one job, but you
should be aware that it is also possible to display different jobs at the same
time.
Multiple Jobs on Display

To achieve this, open your first job as normal, and then use the File Open
command to open the second job you are interested in. This will
automatically open the second job in a new window that will be overlaid
over your first job.
Then you use the Window menu and either Tile Vertical or Tile Horizontal
depending on the shapes of the respective jobs.
The screen adjacent shows

an example of what can be
achieved with job 970 in the
left window and job DAM
in the right window.
Please Note that just

because the function to open
different jobs is available, it
does NOT mean that you
should use it every time you
come to the computer.
It is a fact of life that if you have two jobs open at the one time, the speed of
processing of each of the jobs is necessarily degraded over the speed
achieved with only one job open, so use the function when you need to, not
just as a matter of course.
This ends the initial general introduction to the look and feel of CDS/TRPS,
and if you are comfortable that you know how to use Windows generally,
and the functions of CDS/TRPS explained in this exercise then you can
commence on the next tutorial example.
If you are not completely comfortable with your ability to work within
Windows, to maximise and minimise windows, to alter the default printer, to
open and close files and windows then please save us, and yourself, a great
deal of heartache and frustration by taking the time to now become
comfortable with these items before you go on.
CDS/TRPS Ver. 1.02 Example 1B Page 1
The purpose of this example is to continue your introduction to the use of

the various facilities in CDS/TRPS, and here in the guise of designing a
mock subdivision you will learn how to;
♦ Create a New Job and Add Points into it.

♦ Calculate points using Bearing and Distance, Bearing and Multiple
Distance, Radiate, Intersection of 2 Bearings and Parallel Offset.
♦ Calculate Curves.
♦ Add Strings, Curved Strings, and Change existing Strings
♦ List out String definitions and Areas.
Start CDS/TRPS from the Programs Menu, or from a Shortcut if you have
taken the trouble to establish one.
In this example, you will learn how to start a Job from scratch, rather than
work on an existing job as you did in the first example.
Creating a New Job

Pull down the File menu, and select New.
You wish to start new Job with an ID of "IN2", and you should store it in
the folder “Foresite\Tutor, so make sure the folder is set to that location and
type in a Filename of "db.in2" to replace the ‘db.*’ which appears.
You may fill in the other descriptive fields if you wish, and a Description
such as Tutorial 1B would be appropriate. Once you have completed all the
fields you wish to use, select the Open button.
Once you save the new job your

screen will appear as seen at left,
and you will see that the new job
has appeared with a blank screen
Now Maximise Job IN2 so it fills

the screen.
At this stage the screen is still blank

Page 2 Tutorial 1B CDS/TRPS Ver. 1.02
as there are no points in the job, but we will soon rectify that by adding a
start point, and then calculating some points from it.
If you wish you could simply add points into a job by clicking on the screen,
but before you can achieve this you need to be in Add Mode.
Adding Points
If you pull down the Points Menu, you will see the option for Add Points,
and you should select it.
You will notice that your cursor now becomes a cross rather than the arrow
you had previously.
If you watch the Status Bar at the bottom of the screen as you move the
cursor around you will see that the coordinates update as the cursor moves
around the screen.
We wish to Add in Point 1 with coordinates of East 200 and North 300.
You could, if you wanted, move the cursor carefully until those coordinates
were displayed, and then select the point, but it is not very practical to do so.
Instead you can simply position the cursor somewhere near where you want
the point to be and select a point by pressing the Left mouse button.
A dialogue box will appear as seen below, and you should simply type in
values of 200 for East and 300 for North and then Select OK.
Point 1 will now be saved
with exactly those
coordinates.
You now wish to add

another point being Point 2
with coordinates of E 450
and N 500, so repeat the
process and type in the
relevant values.
Note that in this case we have chosen arbitrary coordinate values with
relatively low values, but the process is exactly the same no matter what the
coordinate values you wish to work with.
If the points you enter do not at first appear on the screen simply use the
Zoom Extents function that you learnt in the first example and they should
appear when the screen is redrawn.
Now that we have two base points to work with, we will be calculating other
points rather than adding them, so pull down the Points Menu and turn Off
Add Points by selecting it.
Calculate using Bearing & Distance

Now pull down the Cogo Menu and select Bearing & Distance.
A dialogue box will appear as seen at left below.
This box is covering the area where you wish to calculate points, so drag it
to the right hand side of the screen so it appears as seen at right above.
You will see that the cursor is flashing in the field titled “From Point, and
here we wish to calculate some points from point 1.
You may either type 1 in the field, or if you prefer, you can select the point
on the screen with your cursor (which you might note is now back to an
arrow since you have left the Add Points mode).
Now you need to enter in a bearing, and here you wish to use a bearing of
15°30’, so type 15.30 in the bearing field and then press the Tab key to
move to the Distance box.
Enter a distance of 20 metres

You will see that the program is suggesting that the new point should be
number 3, and we are happy with that, so click on the Apply button and you
will see point 3 appear on the screen.
If you look now at the dialogue box, you will see that the “From Point” has
changed to 3 and the new point has changed to 4 which is what we intend.
Both bearing and distance fields have retained the values you used, so if you
wish to calculate another point along the same bearing at a distance of 20
metres on from point 3 you need only select the Apply button.
In this example, that is exactly what we wish to do, so click on Apply and
you will see Point 4 appear on the screen.
This method is fine if you only have one or two ‘frontages’ you wish to
calculate, however in this example we need to calculate another 5 points
along the line, and there is a more efficient way to achieve this that by
clicking apply five times.
If you look below the “Apply” button you will see a check box titled
Multiple.
It is designed to be used where you wish to calculate multiple points along

the same bearing, each the same distance apart which is something which
surveyors need to do regularly when designing subdivision layouts. (and
Engineers do when laying out buildings, footings and the like)
If you select the ‘Multiple’ box with you cursor a tick will appear, and the
entry field below will become active.
In this example we need another 5 ‘frontages’ so enter 5 into this field and
then click on Apply.
You will see points up to

point 9 are calculated and
stored.
Now we wish to calculate a

point on the back boundary
of these blocks of land that
we are attempting to set out.
Position your cursor in the Bearing field that should still show 15.3.
You wish to enter a bearing that is at right angles to that bearing, so you can
do the ‘quick sum’ in your head, or, while the cursor is in the bearing field
you can press the “R” key.
You will notice that the bearing now reads 105.3 indicating that the function
of the “R” key is to add 90° to the bearing already shown i.e., to go square
to the Right (There are no prizes for guessing what the key “L” might do)
Once the bearing is showing 105.3, press the Tab key, or select the Distance
box with your mouse.
The depth of these blocks is to be 35 metres, so type 35 into the Distance

box.
Now, we do not want the Multiple calculations to continue at the moment,

so turn Off the multiple box and then click on the Apply button to position
Point 10.
We now wish to calculate the back corners back down to where we started
which means we have 7 points to calculate.
First, position the cursor in the Bearing box and press “R” to show a bearing
of 195.3.
Next set the Distance to be 20.
Now turn On Multiple, and enter the number 7 in the Multiple box.
Now select Apply,

and you will see
points 11 through 17
calculated and saved.
Now close down the

Bearing and
Distance box, either
with the Cancel
button, or the X icon.
Now use Zoom (either press Z, or select the magnifying glass icon), and put
a window around this batch of points you have just calculated to get a screen
similar to that at right.
Next we need to add in some lines or Strings to show the boundaries of the
lots we have just created.
Adding Strings
Pull down the Strings
Menu and select the Add
option to see the screen
below right.
This is where you add

strings into the job, but
before you get around to
adding, you need to know
about String Folders, and
String Classes.
Some Basic Concepts.

1. Folders
You can choose what folder the string will live in.
If you like to think in terms of ‘layers’, then folders are simply ‘string
layers’.
The important thing to understand is that CDS/TRPS does not insist that
your lines or strings be on the same layer as the points that make them up.
Simply put, we recognise that your field party picks up and lays out Points
rather than lines, but your drafting staff are more used to working with
Lines, and that the points are of lesser importance to them..
If you are of a mind to have the lines live on the point layer, then you can
achieve that very simply by setting the folder name to be the same as the
layer name.
However, the ability to differentiate between points and lines gives you a
considerable degree of flexibility in what you have displayed or printed at
any time.
As an example, consider you were working on a project such as a

subdivision that is to be built in stages. It is conceivable that you might wish
to place all the Points representing corners of the blocks onto a layer called
“Corner” for example.
If all the strings or lines were placed on the one layer called corners, it
would be difficult to simply look at the blocks in Stage 3.
However, if you use folders named Stage1, Stage2 and Stage3 for storing
the relevant strings, it now becomes a simple matter to only display the
blocks in Stage 3 by turning that folder ON and all the other folders off.
If you wish to place the string in an existing folder you can use the pull
down option to see the existing folder names, and select the one that suits
your purposes.
If you wish to create a new folder, simply type the name of the folder into
the space provided. Note for the time being please restrict Folder names to
8 characters or less.
2. Classes
As well as the folder, the Class attribute gives you an additional means of
grouping strings of the same type together and then easily determining how
all members of that class will be displayed/printed.
As an example of some uses of this facility, consider a subdivision that

contains lots of different sizes as laid down under zoning guidelines.
Say for example you had “normal” size lots, “super” lots and other lots to be
used as “parks”.
If you assigned the relevant strings around the boundaries of these lots to
classes, you could then easily have all “Super” lots filled in and coloured
red, all “Normal” lots filled in blue, and the “Park” lots coloured in green.
In addition, you might choose to put all the centrelines of the roads within
the subdivision into a class called “CL”. You could then decide that all
strings in the class CL should be drawn with Chainages plotted along them
at the half angle offset to the sting
3. Why have both Folders and Classes?

Simply to give you greater flexibility in how your job is controlled. If we
continue the Staged development analogy from the Folders, the Class is the
overriding attribute that determines how all strings in a particular class will
be shown.
The Folder can then be used to determine which strings belonging to a
particular class will be displayed or printed at any given time.
4. The String ID
You need to give each string a name, or a number, or, in Foresight
terminology an ID.
The string ID can be any combination of the letters A through Z and the
numbers 0 through 9, and we strongly recommend that you so not include
any characters other than these in string names.
It is possible to have more than one string with the same ID in a job.
Back into Action

In the Field entitled Folder, you should see the name “lots”. You should be
aware that you can store the string definitions in any folder you choose, but
the default name of lots will be fine for this example, so ignore the folder
field for the moment and concentrate on the String ID field.
You MUST give each string you enter an ID which can be either a name, or
a number, or a combination of the two.
Here we are creating lots, or parcels of land and traditionally these are
numbered, so lets start with and ID of Lot 1. Type “Lot 1” into the field.
At this stage, we are not too concerned with Classes, so simply leave the
default Class of 0.
Likewise, we do not yet have a Deposited Plan, so leave that number blank.
Again, we are not too worried about Pens or Linetypes at this stage, so skip
over them and focus on the ‘entry window’.
All that is required is that you enter each of the point numbers that make up
the string.
You may type in the numbers if you wish, and if you choose to do so you
should separate each two numbers with a comma.
Alternatively, you can point to the points you require with the cursor.
In this case, the string with an ID of Lot 1 is made up of numbers

1,3,16,17,1 so you should enter them into the entry window.
You will note that the start point (i.e. 1) has been entered again as the end
point in this string and this forms what we term a “closed string”.
If you wish to be able to determine the area enclosed by a string, you must
use a ‘closed string’.
Once the numbers are entered or picked from the screen, the string will be
drawn on the screen for you to see, and as you enter each new number the
next segment of the string will be drawn.
The screen should appear

as at right.
If, as it should, your

strings appears to
represent sensible
boundaries of Lot 1 you
can select the Apply
button and the string will
be stored away.
The cursor will then

switch back into the String ID field waiting for you to enter another String.
If you now attempt to add in Lot 2, the dialogue box may be in your way, so
simply drag the dialogue box across to the right hand side of the screen
before you enter in Lot 2 which is made up of Points 3,4,15,16,3.
We leave it to you to continue adding in the definitions for the strings up to

Lot 7.
Now, having done all this fine work, we suddenly realise that there is a small
problem back at Lot 1.
This is actually a corner lot, and the local council requires that all corner
lots have a splayed (or truncated) corner, which we forgot to include.
So, first we need to calculate the points that define the splay or truncation,
and then we will need to change the string definition.
Radiate
To calculate the splay points you should use the Radiate option from the
Cogo menu, so pull own Cogo, and select Radiate.
The From Point should be 1 which you can either point to with the cursor, or
type in from the keyboard.
The first bearing is 15°30’ for a distance of 3.5 metres to calculate Point 18.
Now you will notice with radiate that the “From Point” will remain at Point
1 rather than leaping to the last point calculated as in the Bearing &
Distance routine we used earlier.
Position the cursor in the Bearing field, and press the “R” key to swing the
existing bearing 90° to the right.
Now select Apply and you will see Point 19 calculated.
Now close Radiate.
Change a String.
Next you need to change the existing definition of the string with the ID of
Lot 1.
Pull down the Strings Menu and select Change.
The dialogue box will appear waiting for you to identify the string you wish
to change.
You may pull down the list of String ID’s if you wish, and select Lot 1 from
there.
Alternatively you may select it by Pointing with your cursor to the string you
want.
If you do wish to point, it is important that you point to a unique part of the
string.
For instance, here if you wish to point to one of the side boundaries, you
would point to the line between points 1 and 17 rather than the line between
point 3 and 16 because this line 3-16 is also part of Lot 2, and so by
definition is not unique to Lot 1.
Once you have identified the string, the numbers 1,3,16,17,1 will appear and
you should position your cursor in this field and alter the numbers to read
19,18,3,16,17,19.
Then press the Show button to ensure you have specified it correctly,
followed by OK to save the new definition of Lot 1.
At this stage your

screen should
look like the one
at right.
Now, the
mysterious Point
2, which has been
lurking up in the
top right hand
corner of the
screen will come
into play.
Point 2 is
actually a point
on the boundary of an existing road that runs East-West, and our next step is
to determine where that boundary will intersect with the frontage of the Lots
we have defined so far.
To do this we can use the intersection of two known bearings.
Intersect Two Bearings.

Pull Down the Cogo Menu and select the option titled Intersect Bearing &
Distance, and then select the item titled 2 Bearing Intersection.
A dialogue box will appear as seen in the screen below.
Now you need to fill in the relevant values, and Tab between the fields as
you complete each one
Point 1 is in fact 1, and the bearing is 15°30.
Point 2 in this
case is 2, and the
bearing from
there is 270°.
20 is fine for the

New Point.
If you wish to see

what will result
from these
figures without
actually creating
the point you can
press the Show
button.
As you can see the program will draw two lines to indicate the bearings you
have entered, and to indicate where the new point will appear.
As long as this looks OK you can press the Apply button and point 20 will
be stored at the intersection of the two boundaries.
At this point it is wise to be on the safe side and do a quick check to find out
how much we have left between Point 9 and Point 20 before we go off
blindly creating more blocks.
Join
Press the ‘J’ key to
instigate a Join. Enter the
points 9 and 20
respectively and calculate
as seen in the screen at
right.
As well as noting the

distance, it is very
important that you get in
the habit of checking that the bearing is also correct, and here it should be at
15°30’.
Keep in mind as you are calculating that it is relatively easy to hit a wrong
key, and for example if you had inadvertently keyed 15.50 for the bearing
when you created point 20, you wouldn’t see the difference visually.
If you develop the habit of checking often, you won’t find yourself in a mess
later on trying to unravel where you actually made the error.
While in this mode it would be worthwhile to check the join between 20 and
2 which should give a bearing of 90 and a distance of 194.535.
Enough of the checking and back on with the calculations.
Now with a distance of 67.5 metres left to the corner, it should be

reasonably clear that you can either get 3 full blocks and a ‘funny little bit’,
or two blocks with the possibility of something decent left on the corner.
Before we go much further, we need to see where we can get a full depth
block off both the street running North-South and the street running East
West, and we can determine this by using an offset of 35 parallel to both
streets.
Parallel Offset Calculation

Pull down the Cogo menu, select the item entitled Offset Calcs, and then
select the Parallel Offset option.
A dialogue box will appear as seen in the screen below, and the values are
as follows.
First Point 9
First bearing 15.3
First Offset 35
Second point 20
Second Brg 90
Second Offset 35
Enter in these values,

using Tab or the mouse to
move between the fields,
and then select the Apply
button you will find Point 21 calculated.
Back in Check mode again, you should press ‘J’ to do a join between 21 and
10, and you should get a bearing of 195°30, and a distance of 40.934.
If that is correct we shall proceed, and at this stage we have decided

(whether rightly or wrongly) to leave a local park on the corner of these
streets, so to determine the two side boundary points of the park, you need
to use the Intersection of Two Bearings twice;
- to get 22, intersect a bearing of 0 through 21 with a bearing of 90 through

20
- to get 23, intersect a bearing of 15°30 through 9 with a bearing of 285°30
through 21
Now, since this is going to be a park, it might be decorative if we construct a

curved boundary at the corner.
Calculating a Curve
Pull Down the Cogo Menu and select Curves followed by IP & Radius.
Note that if it overlaps your points you can Drag the Dialog box over to the
right hand side of the screen so it is out of the way.
Your IP Point is 20.
The incoming Bearing is

15°30 and the Outgoing
Bearing is 90°
Once you have entered the

two bearings the Deflection
Angle will be calculated.
Note: For the moment

please don’t be alarmed if
occasionally an angle or bearing displays as 89.5960 instead of the 90 it is
meant to be - it is still calculating correctly, but there is something strange in
how things are displayed - we will track it down and eradicate it, but until
we do it does not affect the accuracy of the calculations.
If you now position your cursor in the Radius field and enter a radius of 25,
then press the Tab key, you will see all the other fields filled in with the
relevant values.
You may, if you wish, alter any of the other values and the radius will
change accordingly.
Basically, once you have fixed the deflection angle, you can fix one other
parameter, and the curve will then be calculated for you.
So, for example in this case if we wanted to have a tangent length of 12

metres, we would end up with a radius of 15.781
Here we will set a radius of 15 metres and accept the tangent of 11.406 that
results.

select the Show button
to get a preview of how
the curve will fit, and
then select the Apply
button to store away the
two tangent points and
the centre point of the
curve.
Once the points have

been stored, select the
Cancel button to close down the curve calculator.
Adding a Curved String

Now that we have calculated all the points for the park, it is time to define
its boundary as a string.
Pull down the Strings Menu and Select Add. (If necessary, you can drag the
dialog box to the right to clear the area you are interested in.
Use the Folder “Lots” and use an ID of ‘Park’.
Enter a Class of Park.

You have learnt earlier in this exercise how to define Strings, so the only
difference here is that the string has a curve in it.
To define a curve, you enter a tangent point, the centre point preceded by a
+ or a - sign depending on whether the curve is;
Right handed or clockwise about the centre ( + ), or,
left handed or anti-clockwise about the centre ( - ).
It is also recommended that you do not start defining a string on a curve

tangent point.
So here the points you need are 23, 24,+25, 26, 22,21,23.
Note you can pick all points except the centre point with the cursor if you
wish, but we recommend you type in the centre point complete with its sign.
At the end of this process

you might use the Show
button to check what you
have, and it should look
similar to the screen at right.
We are now left with the

decision of what to do with
the area between Lot 7 and
the corner park, and it
seems a reasonable spot for
a small commercial
development so we might leave this area as one large block.
Use the techniques you have learnt to Add in a String called Shops with a
Class or “Retail” defined by points 9,23,21,10,9.
Listing Strings and Areas.

It is often necessary to have a list of the various strings you have defined,
and since the strings here define boundaries of parcels of land, it is also
useful to have a record of the areas of each of the parcels.
To do this we first need to select the strings we are interested in, and then
list them, so pull down the Strings Menu and highlight the Select Option.
You will see that there are a number of methods of selecting the strings you
require, and for this exercise we will show you how to use the Range facility
to select.
If you pick Select a Range, the screen will appear as seen below
You will see that each of

the folders in the job is
listed. If you wish to
simply select all of the
strings in a particular
folder you can ‘tick’ the
box adjacent to the name
of the folder.
If you wish to see what
strings are in a particular
folder, you can select the
“plus” box to the left of
the folder name, and this will expand the display to show a view of all the
string sin that folder, as seen below.
You can simply pick which strings you wish to list with your cursor, or if
you wish to list a whole folder you just pick the folder name.
Once you have selected the strings you require, pick OK.
Next pull down the Strings menu again, and now pick Listings.
You will then be asked which type of listing you require, and a Full Listing
is normal for presentation, so check that button.
Next you will see the Wordpad (in Win95 or NT) program open a window,
and the listing will be presented.
You can use the Wordpad facilities to change fonts etc if you wish, and once
you are happy with the format you should Save the document.
Note: to maintain compatibility with Win3.11 the report is written in

Windows Write format, and while Wordpad knows how to read it, it cannot
save a document in this particular format, so accept its suggestion of using
another format, and either save the document as Text, or a Word document
depending on your own needs.
A text format will give you a report that can be easily inserted into drawings
with Autocad or other CAD packages.
The format of the listing can be seen from the sample below.
JOB NAME: C:\CDS\in2
Date: 12/06/1997
POINT BEARING DISTANCE EASTING NORTHING
_________________________________________________________________________
Folder: lots String ID: Lot 2

3 15~29'59" 20.000 205.345 319.273
4 105~29'59" 35.000 210.690 338.545
15 195~29'59" 20.000 244.417 329.192
16 285~29'59" 35.000 239.072 309.919
3 205.345 319.273
PERIMETER 110.001 m.
AREA is 700.000 m. sq

4 15~29'59" 20.000 210.690 338.545
5 105~29'59" 35.000 216.034 357.818
14 195~29'59" 20.000 249.762 348.464
15 285~29'59" 35.000 244.417 329.192
4 210.690 338.545

18 15~29'59" 16.500 200.935 303.373
3 105~29'59" 35.000 205.345 319.273
16 195~29'59" 20.000 239.072 309.919
17 285~29'59" 31.500 233.727 290.647
19 330~29'59" 4.950 203.373 299.065
18 200.935 303.373
Folder: lots String ID: Park

23 15~30'00" 15.209 248.352 474.353
24 105~30'04" 15.000 252.417 489.009
+ 25 0~00'00" 15.000 266.871 485.000
26 89~59'59" 15.209 266.871 500.000
22 180~00'00" 35.000 282.080 500.000
21 285~29'59" 35.000 282.080 465.000
23 248.352 474.353
CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02 Tutorial 1C Page - 1
Still More Introduction
In this third tutorial introducing you to the methodology and features of

CDS/TRPS you will learn how to.
♦ Select Points.
♦ Alter the Selected Points.
♦ Copy Points from One Job to another.
♦ Select Strings.
♦ Copy Strings from one job to another.
♦ Select Strings and their points together.
In order to maintain consistency with the "windows way" of doing things,

CDS/TRPS introduces the concept of "Selecting" items, and then changing
the selected items.
In our case the "items" we are interested in selecting are Points and Strings,
and they can either be are selected independently of one another, or you an
select some strings, and then select the points contained in those strings.
Before you commence this tutorial, it is important that you are familiar with
the Windows operations of Cut, Copy and Paste, and that you understand
the concept of the Windows Clipboard. We are not attempting to teach these
concepts here, merely how they can be applied to your surveying
calculations, so if you are not already familiar with them please take the
time now to go back to your Windows manual and read up on what they do.
We will start the introduction by showing you how to work with points.
Start CDS/TRPS, and make sure that Job IN2 is current, and is zoomed to
its extents and maximised in the display.
You have had a preliminary discussion with your local town planner who
has said that the park on the corner looks fine, but he would prefer to see an
alternative layout of blocks where the commercial area is moved further
down towards Lot 1.
What we propose to do here is to take all the points which make up the area
Page 2 Tutorial 1C CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02
of the Park, alter them to put them on a layer of their own, and copy them to
a new job where we can try a new arrangement to suit the aesthetic
enjoyment of the planner.
If you pull down the Points menu and highlight the option titled Select, you
will see a series of options presented as seen below.
You should note that

there are eight options
beginning with
Transform and
extending down to
Delete which are
'greyed out' indicating
they are not available.
This is because these

options only become
active once some
points have been
selected.
Select Points by Polygon

Here we wish to select the points by Polygon, so select that particular option
with your mouse.
Now the idea is to construct a polygon that encloses all the points in the
park.
There are many and varied ways you can draw the polygon, but for those of
you who are not adventurous, you should start by positioning your cursor to
the left of, and below Point 23, and pressing the left mouse button.
Now move your cursor up until it is above and to the left of Point 20, and
again press the left mouse button.
You will note that a line is drawn following your cursor as you move it, and
when you pick a point with your left mouse button it 'anchors' that particular
corner of the polygon you are creating.
Now move your cursor across until it is to the right of Point 22, and you will
see a 'triangle' drawn as the polygon you are creating follows your cursor.
Pick a point
somewhere in this
region, and then move
the cursor down until it
is below and to the
right of Point 21 and
your polygon
completely encloses
the area of the park.
Pick the point with the

left mouse button, and
then press the Enter key to end the creation of the Polygon.
You will see the points

will now change
colour, indicating that
they are "selected".
At this stage, we wish

to "alter" all the points
selected to put them on
a layer called "park".
Pull down the Points

menu, and this time
you should notice that since we have selected some points, all the options
except for Paste are now available.
(Paste only becomes available when there are some Points already on the
clipboard.)
Altering points.
Select the option titled Alter and a popup window will appear as seen on the
next page.
This gives you the option of adding a constant to the "coordinate type"
values of the points, and replacing the "text type" values with another value.
Here we wish to
assign all the
selected points to the
layer called "park" ,
so position the
cursor in the Layer
field and type in
'park' and then select
OK.
As well as the points

already selected, we
wish to take Points 1
and 2 with us so we know where the roads are to be.
Selecting Individual Points.

Pull down the points menu again, go to Select and pick Single Selection.
You will now notice that your cursor has changed from the pointing arrow to
a "crosshair".
Position this crosshair over Point 2 and press the left mouse button. You will
see Point 2 change colour to indicate that it is now selected.
In this regard, the operation of selecting items is slightly different in

CDS/TRPS to what you would have experienced in some other windows
programs.
For example in spreadsheets and the like, if you select Item 1, and then
select Item 2, Item 1 will be unselected, and you need to hold down either
the Shift or Ctrl key while selecting the second item is you wish them both
to remain selected.
In CDS/TRPS, we have decided to vary slightly from the 'standard' method

of selection so you don't need to remember about holding down various keys
while you do things, and the selection mode is cumulative in that anything
selected is added to the group of things already selected.
Put simply, in CDS/TRPS once something is selected it stays selected until

you clear that selection. And if you first select Item 1 (being either a single
point, or a group of points within a polygon) and then select Item 2, both
items will be selected.
We also wish to
select Point 1, but
you will need to
Zoom up on that area
to see it.
Press the Z key (or

use the Zoom Icon),
and put a window
around the bottom
left hand corner of
the Job where Point
1 lives.
Then select it with your crosshair and see it change colour.
Now Zoom Extents again, and you should see Points 1 and 2 as well as the
points in the park shown in a different colour to the remainder of the points
in the job.
Copying the Points.

Once the points you require are selected, you can Copy them to the
Clipboard.
You can either pull down the Points menu and select Copy, or you can use
the "Copy Icon" on the Toolbar, or you can even use the "Ctrl C" shortcut
by holding down the Ctrl key while pressing C.
The Points and their coordinates are then copied on to the clipboard.
Note that they are not deleted from the original job, rather as the name
implies, a copy of them is made.
Note : even though they are on the clipboard, they are in Foresight format,
so you can't go off and paste them into your word processor, but you can
paste them into another Job in CDS/TRPS which is what we wish to
achieve.
Pull down the File menu, and select New.
You wish to create a

new job called IN3 in
the Folder CDS/TRPS,
so your screen should be
similar to that shown at
right.
Once you select the

Open button you will be
presented with a new
blank screen which is
the new job with no data
as yet.
Paste Points.
To get the points into it you need to use the Paste function.
If you pull down the Points menu you will see that the paste option is
available because there is data on the clipboard.
If you select Paste, the

points will now be
placed into Job IN3,
and if you then Zoom
Extents, you should
see a screen like that at
right.
At the moment the Job

IN3 is maximised so
you can't see Job IN2
which is also still
open.
Select the Tile window button to bring the job back into a normal sized
window, and you will see Job IN3 overlaid on top of Job IN2.
Now pull down the Windows menu and select Tile Vertically and your
screen should appear as below.
For our next step we

need to copy across
the String "Park"
from Job IN2 to Job
IN3.
You will see at this

stage that Job IN3 is
current, and you
should Position your
cursor inside the
window of Job IN2
and press the left
mouse button to
bring it to be current.
You will notice that the Points we have copied are still selected, and since
we have no need for this any longer you should pull down the Points menu,
bring up the Select options, and choose Clear Selection.
Selecting Strings.
The methodology of selecting strings is the same as you have already learnt
for selecting points, with only some slight changes due to the difference
between points and strings.
If you pull down the Strings menu, and then highlight Select, you will see
similar options to those in Points.
In this instance, you could use the Single String option and put the crosshair
over one of the boundaries of the Park, but since the function of these
tutorials is to teach you how to use various options, we will use Select by
Range.
When you choose this option, a popup window will appear as seen in the
screen below.
This will provide a "tree diagram" showing all the string folders in the Job.
If you wish to see the strings within each folder, you need to ‘click on’ the
small box containing a

plus sign to the left of
the folder name.
If you click on the box

adjacent to the folder
named “lots” the
screen should appear
as seen at right, with
an expanded list of
strings.
In this instance, we
only need to pick one string so using range is overkill, but it does alert you
to the capabilities of the option, and that is the aim of the exercise.
If you wish to select a particular string, you simply select the "Check Box"
adjacent to its name, and a tick will appear indicating it is selected.
If, as a later stage you wished to select all the strings in a particular folder,
you could achieve this by checking the box adjacent to the folder name.
Here you should check the box adjacent to "Park" as seen in the screen
above, and then select OK to return to the screen.
You will see the string

"park" highlighted as
seen in the screen at
right.
Next you should Copy

the string to the
clipboard using either
the Copy Icon, or by
pulling down the
Strings menu and
select the Copy option.
Now position your cursor in the window of Job IN3 and press the left mouse
button to make the window current.
You should notice that all the points are still shown as "Selected" , and since
this is of no further use to us, you should pull down the Points menu,
highlight Select, and choose Clear Selection.
Then you should Paste the string with either the Paste Icon or by pulling
down the Strings menu and selecting the Paste option.
A window will appear suggesting that you Change String Folder and offer
the default folder of Lots which you should select in this case.
The string will now appear as seen below (in the left pane).
In this example, you have so far learnt some of the methods of selecting
points and strings independently of one another which you often need to do.
You also often wish to select some strings, and the points contained in them,
and CDS has a simplified method of achieving this.
Select Strings and Points together.

If you click in Job IN2 to make it the active job, you will see that the string
“Park” is still selected.
If you now go to the Points menu and highlight Select, you will see that the
option Select by Selected Strings is now available.
If you select that option, you will see the points which make up the park will
now be selected.
You can now copy and paste these points as shown above.
Now that you have finished these first 3 Tutorials, you should be
comfortable with the general “look & feel of CDS/TRPS.
You should be confident that you can
Open Exisitng Jobs

Zoom and Pan the Display
Use Modes & Layers to control what is displayed
Understand the Interaction between Modes & Layers
Create New Jobs
Add Points
Calculate Points
Define Strings
Select & Copy Points and Strings
If you are not completely confident of your ability to achieve any of the
things listed above, please save us both a lot of time and frustration by going
back and revising the things you are unsure of before you proceed to the
next tutorial.
CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02 Tutorial 1D Page - 1
Tutorial 1D
In this tutorial you will learn how to
assign strings to ‘classes’
use ‘classes’ to plot solid colours in closed strings
use classes to specify which attributes are plotted on strings
use classes to ‘hatch’ closed strings.
Open Job “db.cl1” in your Tutor directory and maximise the screen.
The screen should appear as

shown. If it does not, try
Zoom Extents to get the view
you need.
To show you the first glimpse

of what you can achieve, we
have already allocated some of
the parcels into particular
classes of strings.
Pull down the Strings menu and

select String Attributes.

seen at right.
You will see here that we have

three classes named 0, villas
and small respectively.
Don’t be too concerned about

where the names came from, as
the names themselves are
random and of little
importance.
Page 2 Tutorial 1D CDS/TRPS Ver. 1.02
Applying Solid Fills

As a first example of what you can do, select the “Fill Button” on the line which
deals with the “villas’ class, and you will see the box is then crossed to indicate that
you want these strings to be filled in with a solid colour . You can also hatch, but
that will be covered later.
At this stage we will settle for

a colour, so click on the solid
black bar to bring up the
palette of available colours.
Pick one of the green colours

which takes your fancy and
then click OK.
The screen will return and

you will see the Fill Colour of
your choice is now shown,
and the screen will appear as
seen at right.
If you now select OK, you

will return to the screen that
should now appear similar to
that at right. However, I hope
you can see the colour of your
choice rather than the grey or
black blobs printed in this
screen dump.
Obviously you could do the

same thing to apply different
colours to the other classes,
but we have other things in
store.
Specifying String Attributes to be Displayed
As well as allowing you to control what colour your parcels are filled with, the
class table also allows you to set the String parameters for each class.
Select the Strings menu and again select String Attributes.
This time with Class Name 0 highlighted, move your cursor down and turn ON
String ID’s by clicking in the box.
You can also set the colour of the pen and the size and font that the ID’s will be
drawn in by selecting the “Change button”
The Size of the font is particularly important if you wish to be able to see things on
the screen, and you need to realise that these attributes will be displayed on the
screen at the same relative size that they will be plotted at.
While we don’t actually scale the screen to the particular plot scale, the String ID’s,
bearings distances and the like are all drawn at a size which shows you how they
will appear relative to the plot at the scale selected on the Plot Parameters
Screen.
Perhaps it might be clearer

if I demonstrate rather than
describe.
Select the Change button,

and set Arial font in Black
at a size of 18 Points.

seen at right.
Now press OK to return to

the job which should appear
as seen on top of the next page.
If you look closely, you will

see some indication of
figures in the middle of
some of the parcels where
you would expect to see a
Lot Number (or indeed a
String ID as we call them).
Now pull down the File

menu, select Plot
parameters, and set the scale
to be 1:1000. Then press
OK.
The screen will now appear as below, and you should be able to make out some Lot
numbers and some other String ID’s. (at least on the screen, if not on the screen
dump)
Obviously since we have

doubled the scale of the
drawing, we have
effectively halved the size
of each parcel.
But the font size has

remained constant so it will
appear to be twice the size it
was previously
Clear isn’t it.?? Don’t

worry if it doesn’t lock in immediately, just give it time and think it through and the
light will come on.
And it is important that the light is on, because this relativity will apply to all the
attributes of either points or strings which you choose to plot onto your plans.
You can also play with turning on various combinations of the other available
attributes needed to produce the various plan types you encounter.
A Note about Font Sizes.

Traditionally surveyors and engineers have specified text heights in millimetres, but
with Windows you need to specify in Point sizes.
In order to be able to convert, I should tell you that 72 points is equal to one inch,
or 25.4 millimetres.
So, by a process of simple arithmetic we find that 10 points is near enough to 3.5
millimetres.
Or to put it another way, if you multiply the Point size by 0.35 you will arrive at the
size of the text in millimetres.
Different Classes with Different Attributes

Return to the String Attributes table and this time highlight the Class Name
“SMALL”.
Select the Fill box, and pull down and choose a Red colour.
Then move down and Select

the Distances box, and use
Change to set a Size of 14
(which should be about 4.9
millimetres).
When you select OK and

return to the screen it should
appear as below.
Here you will have the

following Classes and
attributes
Class 0 – not filled and display String ID’s
Class ‘villas’ – filled in green with no attribute displayed
Class “SMALL” – filled in red with distances displayed.
Using Class to Show Road Centreline
If you look now at the two Road Centrelines in the job, you will see that they still
belong to Class 0, which is the default class all strings have, unless you specify
otherwise.
It is common on engineering plans to show these centrelines with the chainages of

the points displayed at the half-angle, and you can achieve this as follows.
First you need to put the strings into a class of their own.
Pull down the Strings menu, highlight Select, and then choose Single String
Selection.
You will see your cursor now changes to the string selection crosshair.
Select each of the centrelines shown by ‘clicking on’ part of the line.
NB. for the moment please make sure you only try and select on a straight part of
the line – pointing to the arc is not yet functional.
Once the strings have been selected, pull down the Strings menu again, and pick
Alter.
A small window will pop up to allow you to alter the Pen, Linetype and Class of all
the Selected Strings.
In this case you are only interested in changing the Class, so position your cursor in
the Class field and type in Road., and then choose OK.
Now go back to your String Attributes, and this time you will see a ‘Road’ Class is
now in the table.
Highlight the name Road with your cursor
Now move down and select the box titled ‘Chain (HAO)’. (The HAO is shorthand
for half angle offset).
Change your Font to be black with a font size of 14.

When you select OK, the screen will appear as below.

chainages will most likely
overwrite the details on the
front boundaries of the lots,
but at this stage we are only
interested in showing you
how to use the different
features.
We make no attempt
whatsoever to suggest what
combinations of these
features you might wish to
use at any point in time.
Past experience has however shown that you would normally not try to draw an
engineering plan with centreline chainages at the same time as you had distances on
the boundaries, but we have given up trying to predict what people will and will not
do in drawing plans.
Using Hatching.
As well as filling in closed strings with a solid colour, you can also apply a
hatching pattern.
If you look at your job you will see a court bowl which has a line across its
entrance to close it off.
Select this string by clicking on the line across the neck of the bowl, and then Alter
its class to be ‘Road’
Next go back to String Attributes and highlight class name Road.
Click in the fill box, and type in a hatch name of “bricks” and press enter.
Now press OK and you will see the screen as below.

Note that at this stage you must

type in the name of the hatching
pattern that you require.
As the program develops, a pull

down list of hatch patterns will be
implemented, but as always we
prefer to get it working then get it
pretty rather than the other way
around.
The names of the standard

patterns supplied with CDS can be found in your OnLine manual, but you can use
any hatch pattern which you find which is compatible with the Autocad standard
method of hatching.
Before you complain that the hatching is not particularly dense, Zoom a window
areound the area of the court and you should see something like below.
Again, in this exercise I am more interested in identifying the features and showing
how to get to them rather than trying to produce a perfect result.
I leave it to you to experiment with other hatch patterns and different scaling to see
what you can achieve.
However, before you start to

complain that the hatching
facility doesn’t do what Autocad
does, let me tell you that I
already know, and it was never
designed to compete with a full
featured CAD package.
If you need more than is

available, export a DWG and use
a full CAD package to finish the drawing while we concentrate on the calculation
routines that CAD packages don’t have.
CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02 Tutorial 1E Page - 1
Tutorial 1E
In this Tutorial you will learn how to
♦ enter a traverse using observed bearings

♦ check the misclose and accuracy of the traverse
♦ adjust the traverse
♦ store the adjusted coordinates into a database
♦ enter a traverse using observed angles
♦ check and adjust angular misclose
♦ adjust the traverse and store the coordinates in the database.
From Windows, select the Start button, and then select Programs to see the list of
available programs. Select Foresight CDS/TRPS, and the Foresight screen will
appear.
Pull down the File menu and select New. Enter a Filename of db.trv, and a
Description of Traverse Tutorial, then select Open, and a blank screen will appear
Access the Traverse Entry Screen

Use your mouse to select Entry from the options on the menu, and then select
Traverse Network.
The screen will appear similar to that below left.
Since this is a new job, select the New option, and then maximise the screen so it
appears as above right
Page 2 Tutorial 1E CDS/TRPS Ver. 1.02
At this stage you need to be aware that traverses are broken into two main groups,
defined by how the horizontal angular measurement has been observed and
recorded, and these are.
horizontal bearings
horizontal angles
If you use bearings in the field, please follow through the next section.
If you read angles between the adjacent traverse legs then please skip over the
following section and move on to Page.
Entering the Traverse with Observed Bearings

If you are in the habit of observing bearings in the field, then all you need do to get
your traverse into the entry screen is to provide a STN record defining the
coordinates (either real or adopted) of the first point in the traverse, and then enter
the details of the individual legs.
In this exercise, the field party has carried out a closed traverse around a parcel of
land, starting from Point 1 which has local coordinates of East 2500 North 1555,
and R.L of 200.00.
From this point a know azimuth could be set to a nearby Trig Station, so true
bearings were recorded. In this case the field crew were using older style
equipment which required the vertical angle to be read and noted along with the
slope distance, rather than the new fangled gadgets which automatically reduce the
horizontal distance for you.
The following data has been tabulated from a field book

From Station 1 - Adopted Local Coordinates:

East 2500
North 1555
RL 200
From Pt To Pt Bearing Vert. Angle Distance

1 2 16° 35’ 15” 93° 15’ 20” 134.83
2 3 83° 45’ 05” 88° 27’ 30” 103.127
3 4 67° 04’ 55” 86° 12’ 25” 101.051
4 5 111° 47’ 30” 92° 14’ 55” 158.772
5 6 191° 56’ 20” 93° 04’ 15” 77.511
6 7 142° 33’ 15” 90° 30’ 30” 95.174
7 8 241° 28’ 20” 87° 12’ 40” 106.076
8 9 276° 22’ 45” 88° 13’ 50” 151.522
9 10 306° 07’ 20” 90° 30’ 00” 95.150
10 1 274° 41’ 40” 89° 45’ 00” 102.825
Defining the Known Coordinates

You will see that the default Type of data on the first line is STN, which is exactly
what we require, so press the Enter key to accept it.
Enter 1 for Stn number, and then the East coordinate of 2500, the North coordinate
of 1555 and a height of 200.
Now press the Enter key until you finish off the line and the cursor moves down to
the next line.
The next line will also come up with a “STN” type of entry, but we only need the
one station in this particular traverse, so we need another type of entry.
You can either allocate the individual entry types by selecting from the pull down
list on each line, or, in the case where you will have a number of entries of the same
type you can set a default entry type.
Entering the Traverse Legs

In this case, all the rest of our entries will be “Traverse” legs so you should set the
default.
To do this, pull down the Options

menu, and select the option “Default
Entry Type”. As seen in the screen at
right. From the list of the available
types shown, select Traverse and then
OK.
You will now see the Type change to

Traverse, so press Enter to accept it.
If you look at the columns to the right you will see At Station (here it is 1), then To
Point (here it is 2) . Next you have Angle/Bearing which is 16° 35’ 15” followed by
the Vertical Angles (93° 15’ 20”) and the Slope Distance (134.828).
For this example concrete pillars had been set up on each station at the same height,
so the height of instrument and height of target were identical in all set-ups, with
values of 1 being used for each.
Obviously in your real life work, you will need to enter in the values that you
measure for both height of instrument and height of target if you are to obtain
correct values for the heights of the stations.
Enter 1 for both height values, and press Enter to skip over the Point Code column,
and you will see the cursor appears on the next line offering a default type of
Traverse.
Press Enter to accept it, and then

continue to enter the data shown in
the table until you reach the end, by
which time you should have a
screen as seen at right.
Define the Traverse Loop

Before you can go any further, it is necessary to define the route which your
traverse took.
Now in this simple example, this step might seem a little redundant (and it probably
is), but since this table can be used to enter large looped networks it is essential that
you learn how to define the traverse loop.
To achieve this you need to enter a Fieldnote into the traverse table.
Bring your cursor up onto the line defining 1 to 2 and make sure it is in the “type
Column.
Next Press the Insert Key on your keyboard, and you will see a new lien is inserted
into the table.
Pull down the options on this new line and select the “Fnote” type.
Press Enter to lock in the Fieldnote and the cursor will move to the next column.
The Fieldnote required to define the traverse loop is the letters “TR” followed by a
space, and then a list of the points making up the traverse loop, separated by
commas.
In this case the, points are from 1 to 10 inclusive, and then back to 1 to close.
The fieldnote would then be TR 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,1.
Since this requires a far deal of typing, and, since it is common to have a traverse
made up of a sequence of points, we have implemented a method of defining a
sequence and minimizing the typing required.
Simply type the first point of the sequence, and full stop or decimal point, and the
end point of the sequence, as seen in the alternative Fnote TR 1.10,1.
So, regardless of how you decide to enter it, you need to enter it, and once you have
done so you can now check on the misclose and accuracy of the traverse.
Calculate Misclose & Traverse Accuracy

You can either pull down the Option menu, and select Calculate Misclose, or,
alternatively, select the button labelled “Re” (short for ReCalc) shown at the left of
the second line.
Either way the misclose, and accuracy and perimeter should now appear in the
relevant fields at the top of the screen as seen below.
Now, in this case you should achieve an accuracy of closure of 1:24 that is well
within acceptable limits.
Since you are within

allowable limits, you
may wish to adjust the
traverse to form a
perfect close, and if you
so do, you can choose
from the currently
available adjustment
methods of Bowditch,
Compass, or Transit.
You may either pull

down the Options menu,
select Traverse adjustments, and then select your required method, or you can
select the icons B,C, or T respectively.
Either way you choose to do it, it is important to remember that the adjustments are
made to the coordinate values of each of the points, and NOT to the raw
information which you have observed in the field and entered into the traverse
table.
Once the adjustment has been made the program will advise you and inform you to
use the Print to see the resulting adjusted values.
Calculate & Display Coordinates
The aim of the traverse exercise is to eventually produce coordinate values for the
traverse points (and any side shots taken from them) and to store these points into
the job database.
The first step in this process is to calculate the coordinates within the traverse sheet.
Pull down the Options Menu and select Calculate Coordinates.
Next, Pull down the Options menu again and select Show Coordinates (Or select
the Icon with E+N on the toolbar.
Once the coordinates have been displayed you can use the scroll bar on the bottom
of the screen to shift the screen view to the right and display the coordinate values
as seen below.
In this case you will see

that the coordinates at
the end of the traverse
match those given for
the start indicating that
we have achieved a
closed traverse.

there is a small misclose
of some 35 millimetres
in the end height, and it
is possible to adjust this
out proportionally
through the traverse
stations if you wish.
Store Points To Database
Now that you have arrived at adjusted values for all the points, it is time to store
them in the database.
Pull down the Options menu, and select Sore Points in Database. Then select all
points and the point will be quickly stored.
You should now use File Exit to close down the taverse entry sheet, and save any
changes.
You will see now

that the points have
appeared on the job
screen as seen at
right.
CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02 Tutorial 2 Page - 1
Tutorial 2
In this Example you will learn how to

♦ Enter a stadia survey.
♦ Reduce the stadia shots to coordinates.
♦ Print out the Stadia Sheets to create a file copy.
♦ Store the coordinates of the points in the database.
♦ Contour the area.
♦ Setup plot parameters.
♦ Plot the contour plan.
From Windows, select the Start button, and then select Programs to see the
list of available programs. Select Foresight CDS/TRPS, and the Foresight
screen will appear.
Pull down the File menu and select New. Enter a Filename of db.ex2, and a
Description of Tutorial 2, then select Open, and a blank screen will appear
Entering Stadia
Use your mouse to select Entry from the options on the menu, and then
select Electronic Stadia.
The screen will appear similar to that below left.
Since this is a new job, select the New option, and the screen will now
appear as above right
Page 2 Tutorial 2 CDS/TRPS Ver. 1.02
Defining a Setup Station

Now you need to change the “Type” of entry to be a Station, and enter in the
coordinates of the point occupied or set up over in the field.
Use your mouse to select the “down arrow” on the right of the “type”
column, and you will be given a selection of the entry types available.
Select STN to indicate a station.
Enter 1 for Stn number, and then the East coordinate of 500, the North
coordinate of 1000 and a height of 100. Now press the Enter key until you
finish off the line and the cursor moves down to the next line.
Here you will need to define a Setup or AT/BS type of data to indicate
where you set your theodolite AT, and the point, or bearing you used as a
Backsight (BS).
Again position the cursor in the “type” column, and use the pull down arrow
to show the data types available. Select the AT/BS and press the Enter key.
Enter an At Stn of 1, and a bearing of 0.00.
In the BS column, you should enter 0 to indicate that you are satisfied that
the bearing you set is correct (even if assumed) and you don’t wish the
program to check for you.
You should then enter the height of instrument.
Note: If you have sighted to a known point for your

backsight, you should enter the coordinates of that
point as an STN type of data before this point.
Then you should enter the point number of the Stn in
the BS column.
The program will then calculate the correct bearing

from the point you have occupied to the point you
sighted to, and compare it with the bearing you have
entered as a backsight bearing.
If there is a difference between the calculated bearing

and the observed bearing, the program will
automatically add the difference to all shots taken from
the station to ensure that they are on the correct
coordinate system.
It will use the corrected bearing in calculating the

coordinates, but will leave your field readings as you
took them, so you won’t see any changes unless you do
an expanded printout.
Now that you have specified the Station coordinates to be used, and the
details of your Setup, it is time to commence entering the detail shots. From
the field notes supplied you can see that these have all come from an
electronic instrument which can reduce the raw readings and record a
horizontal distance and a reduced level.
Setting Default Data Type

Since this Horizontal Distance and Reduced Level is the type of data we
wish to enter from now on, you should set this data type to be the default.
From the Options Menu, select the Entry Type option and click on the
button beside HD/RL to set this as the default type of data.
Next enter a point number of 100, a bearing of 40.23, a distance of 99.8 and
an RL of 102.52.
In this data we have generally not recorded codes or descriptions with the
points, so press the Enter, or Tab keys to move past these columns and onto
the next line.
You will see that the point number will increment for you automatically, and
you should continue entering the data from the field notes until you have
completed point 115.
After the first few entries the screen should appear as below.
When you have completed entering Point 115, you will need to change your
data type to an AT/BS to indicate that you have moved the instrument.
Position the cursor in

the left hand column
and use the pull
down arrow to select
a type of AT/BS
The AT Stn is point

112, the bearing (or
azimuth) is 234.23 to
a BS Stn of Point 1.
Height of instrument
is 1.65.
Press Enter or Tab to

finish off the line, and you will notice that when the cursor reaches the next
line the default entry type of HD/RL will again appear.
The screen adjacent shows

progress to this point.
Note that the numbering is a

little astray at this point as the
program wants to continue
numbering from point 113,
but you had already gone past
that point, so enter a correct
point number of 116 and
continue entering the data
until it is finished.
Now before we proceed any further, we need to know if we have entered the
data correctly, and one quick guide to this is to inspect the coordinates
calculated for the stadia shots to see if they “make sense”.
Note you are not trying to check if they are exactly correct, merely checking
if they are in the right “ball park”. So if you set up on a point with
coordinates with a value of around 500, and you took a shot with a distance
of no more than 100 metres, it is reasonable to expect that the resulting
coordinate will be somewhere between 400 and 600.
If you are wondering why this is reasonable, perhaps this is an appropriate

time to consider if another career might be better suited for you, because
with this and any other technical software, you MUST have a basic
understanding of what answer you need . Never trust the computer - check
always.
So, to check what you have achieved pull down the Options menu item and
select Calculate Coords. Next pull down the Options menu again, and now
select Show Coords.
Now use the scroll bar at the bottom of the stadia screen to move the display
to expose the right hand side as seen below
While the East values

appear to be in the “ball
park”, the North values
look a little “odd”, but
that is because the
column is not wide
enough to accommodate
the number.
Place your cursor on the

column marker between
North and Height, and
drag the marker to the
right to make a bigger column.
You should now see that the values are all between 900 and 1100 which
seems appropriate in this case.
NOTE: You should also scroll down until you reach

the end of the data, and you should pay particular
attention to see that the coordinates remain
“reasonable” after you have entered a change of
occupied station, because experience has shown that
this is where a mistake is most likely to occur.
If a problem has occurred you should go back and check on the values you
have entered compared to those on the field sheets supplied, and make the
relevant corrections.
Once everything is in order, it is time to store the data away into the
database.
You need to be aware that the raw data is stored in its own file, and that only
the calculated coordinates are actually transferred to the database. It is
therefore important that in your own jobs, if you come back and make
modifications to some of the raw data, you need to again store the
coordinates into the database before you will see any of the changes.
To achieve this pull down the Options menu from the Stadia menu bar and
select the option Store Coords to database.
A window will pop up to allow you to control what part of the data is stored.
In some instances you may have shots to control stations which are remote
from the job itself, or some other points which you don’t wish to store with
the job, and in those cases you can store only the range of points you
require.
In this case, we wish to store all the points in the Survey into the database,
and since this is the default of the screen you need only select the OK
button.
Now that the raw data is stored in a stadia file, and the reduced coordinates
are safely stored in the
database, the next thing you
need to do is to print out the
contents of the raw stadia
to store away in the job file.
First you should pull down

the File menu in the Stadia
sheet window as seen in the
screen adjacent
Then you should check

Print Setup to ensure that the correct printer is assigned, and that the paper
size and orientation is as you require.
Once you are satisfied with the settings, use the Print Preview option to
have a look at the prospective output, and when you are satisfied you can
simply print the data.
Since the exact format of the output will depend on the printer you are using
we will leave it to you to tweak the settings where necessary to get the best
formatted output for your particular configuration of equipment.
Once you have successfully printed out the stadia, close the stadia window,
using either the File Close menu command, or the Close “X” in the top right
hand corner of the window.
The program will ask if you wish to save the changes you have made to the
Survey information, and you should select Yes.
When the job appears, the

active window will be smaller
than the full area available, so
use the Maximise button on the
top right corner of the job
window to make it fill the
screen, as seen at left.
If your screen resembles that at

left, you are now ready to
proceed to form and contour the
model. If your screen does not
appear as shown, please go back to the start of the tutorial and work your
way through again to rectify the problem.
Forming the Model & Contours
Now pull down the Contour menu and select the Surface Parameters option,
and the screen will appear as seen below.
This parameters on this screen will default to settings which will normally
achieve a reasonable contour model of natural surface data, but in this case
we do not have a large height variation in the data, so it may be
advantageous to change the contour intervals to values which will give us
more contours to view.
So in this case, change the

major contour interval to
2.00 and the minor
contour interval to 0.20
and then select the OK
button.
Next pull down the

Contour menu again, and
this time select the
Surface Area option.
The screen should appear as below left, and select the Extents button to
indicate you wish to model the full extents of the job.
Next pull down the Contour Menu again, and this time select the Form
Model option, and the screen should appear as in the screen below right,
displaying the triangle mesh.
Providing all has progressed satisfactorily to this point, can now pull down
the Contour menu one more time, and this time the option you need to select
is Calculate Contours.
The contours will appear on the screen as they are calculated, and you will
be asked if you wish to store them.
Unless some unexpected disaster has intervened, your contours should

appear vaguely regular, and you should indicate that you do want them to be
stored.
The program will report that it is sorting various contour values before
leaving you with a screen seen below
Setting up the Printer/Plotter

Now that you have managed to display the contours, it is time to get ready to
plot them out, but before you can proceed you need to make sure that the
plotter you intend to use is configured as the current Windows printing
device.
Normally most windows systems have a small laser or inkjet printer

configured as the default print device, and this is fine for most of the time,
but now we wish to plot on a A1 sheet, not a small A4 sheet.
Pull down the File menu, and choose Print Setup.
Now you need to pull down the list of installed printers and select your
plotter.
Since we have no idea what equipment you are likely to have installed, we
cannot give specific guidance, but the computer this tutorial was written on
has a Canon LBP4i set as its default printer, and a plotter driver for the
HP350C is also installed, so we will use those devices for illustration
purposes.
You will need to substitute whatever equipment you have connected to your
particular computer.
In the screen at left we are in

the process of choosing the
HP350C to be selected as the
current printer in place of the
existing Cannon laser printer.
Note that using this process

does NOT replace the default
printer.
It simply sets the printer

selected to be the current printer until the program is finished, and this is
normally what we want.
If you wish to change the default printer each time, or indulge in some other
form of techno wizardry feel free, so long as you get a device with an A1
sheet of paper as your current printing device at this point in time.
Once you have selected the relevant plotter, you then need to select the
Properties tab to allow you to set the plotter up.
In the screen at left we have

used the plotter driver to select
an A1 sheet of paper with a
Landscape orientation, and we
suggest that you do the same.
Please note that there are a

variety of other settings
concerned with roll feeds or
communications ports or paper
types which you also need to
have correctly set if you are to achieve a sensible plot.
However it is beyond the scope of this tutorial to deal with all of these items
and you will need to rely on your own training or local expert to guide you
in these areas.
Once you have set the plotter to use some A1 paper in landscape mode you
should close the Print Setup option.
Since we are going to be trying to position a sheet of paper around the job, it
is a good idea to Zoom Out so you can see more of the job, and how it will
fit on a sheet, so select the icon
The screen should now appear as below.
Plot Parameters
Pull down the File Menu, and select Plot Parameters, and the plot
parameters screen will appear as below.
The Name Field will allow

you to type in the Number,
or name of the plot file
you wish to save, but on
this case we are looking to
get a plot straight out onto
the plotter, so there is no
need to use it. If you wish
to export a DWG,DXF, or
FPF you will need to
provide a name.
Set the scale to 1:200, and

don’t worry about the origin as we will fix that by positioning the plot
window.
In jobs where you know the origin you require the plot sheet to be set at, you
can type those values directly into the fields here.
Point Parameters
Next select the Tab marked Point Param, and the screen will appear as
below
If you wish to plot points

you need to check the box
marked Points so that a
tick appears.
You can then decide on

what marker you require
on the points by using the
Pull down selection box
with a cross in it.
In this instance, a cross

will be fine, and the default size of 2.5 will be adequate.
You can plot out one or a number of the attributes by ticking the relevant
boxes in the left hand column. Here we only want point numbers, so make
its box is ticked, and the remainder are clear.
If you wish to change the Font, colour or size of the text you are plotting,
you can select the Change button, and choose from the many options
presented.
Next you will see two columns which will allow you to individually position
the text about the point marker.
If you are only plotting 1 piece of text then the default will be fine, but if
you wish to plot two pieces of information e.g. point number and height, you
need to fill in the ” Yoff” column to indicate where you want the second
piece positioned.
For example, if you wish to plot Point number and height, and you require
the height below the point number, leave point at a Y offset of 0 and set
height to a Y offset of -4.
You can reverse the positions by reversing the Y offsets of the points, and
you can customise the plot to appear exactly as you wish.
You can also fool around (sorry that should be experiment) with the X
positions if you wish, and we leave it to you to examine the flexibility this
feature provides you.
The column titled Angle allows you to rotate the text about the marker. Zero
is horizontal to the right, and you can use a negative value to indicate that
you want the text to slope down, and a positive value to slope it up.
If the text you are plotting contains decimal places, you can use the Acc
(uracy) column to specify how many decimal places should be used.
Once you have set up the parameters to your liking you should proceed .
The Point Selection tab is not necessary in this situation since we wish to
plot all the points in the job, but when you do wish to select particular points
to be plotted this form will allow you to do so.
There are no strings in this job, so you can skip the two tabs with “String” in
them and move on to the Tab marked Contours.
Contour Parameters
When you select the
Contour tab, the following
screen will appear.
Select the Contour check

box to indicate that you
want contours.
Select Smooth, and accept

the default factor of 0.4.
(The adventurous among
you can try experimenting
with this number later to
see that values closer to 1.0 will give you a ‘smoother’ contour, but can also
cause the contours to ‘loop back’ on themselves if the value is too high for
the particular data.
You can choose the colour you require for both major and minor contours
by selecting the Pen button and choosing a colour from the palette
presented.
If you wish, and we don’t suggest you should at this stage of your education,
you can use different linetypes by selecting the button and choosing from
the table of available linetypes
displayed.
At this stage we have not indicated

that we want any labels on the
contours, so we will proceed and
position the plot without them.
OK returns to the graphic screen,

which will now appear as at right,
and the dashed rectangle around
the job represents the plot sheet
you have chosen (A1 in this case) at the scale you have assigned (1:200).
Positioning the Plot

Pull down the File menu and select Position Plot Window.
You will now see a solid rectangle appear attached to your cursor, and you
should move this rectangle until it frames the job in the manner you require.
When you have it located to your

satisfaction, simply press the left
mouse button and the border of the
plot sheet will be re-located to suit.
In this case I suggest that you

“centre” the job in the sheet by
fixing in a position similar to that
in the screen at right.
Print Preview.
Now you should pull down the File menu and select the Print Preview
option.
The screen should appear as seen below, and you zoom in for a closer look
at particular areas if you choose.
You might like to zoom in

around one of the points being
plotted to see if the size and
location of the text is
appropriate.
If you wished, you could now

press the Print key and
windows would take over and
plot out your creation for you.
At this point however, you do

not have any labels on your contours, so I suggest you do the next step
before wasting a sheet of paper.
Positioning Contour Labels

If you wish to have labels plotted on your major contours you need to locate
them, and I will show you how.
Pull down the Contours menu, and highlight the Option titled Position
Labels.
You will see two options, but only one currently available, and that is
Manual, so please choose it.
We do intend to implement the Automatic version at some stage, but since

we have always received complaints about where the DOS version chooses
to put the labels, we have given it a low priority, and made sure you can get
them where they are suited to your particular needs.
To manually position the labels, all you need to do is to draw lines across
the contours to indicate where you would like a label to be positioned.
All you need to do is pick a point, move the cursor across the contours so
the line you are drawing intersects the contour lines and the pick the end
point.
You may enter as many lines as you think you might need.
When you have finished drawing the lines, simply press the Enter key.
At each point where one of your lines intersects a major contour, the contour
will be broken and its height will be inserted.
The screen below left shows some of the lines in the process of being drawn,
and the one below right shows the result once the labels have appeared.
Now that you have labels, pull down the File menu, select Plot Parameters,
followed by the Contour Tab.
Now select the check box adjacent to Major label, and set the colour of your
choice.
If you now return to the File menu and do a Print Preview, you should see
labels on the contours, and now you can commit your creation to paper with
the Print key if you wish.
The screen below shows a zoomed in view of the Print Preview screen
where I have been a little creative with positioning of the point attributes,
and it also has contour labels clearly visible, although a little small.
If you go back to the Contour parameters screen and increase the Font Size
for the contour labels you should be ready to commit your handiwork to
paper by using the Print button instead of the Print Preview option.
Except for
these
words
this page
is meant
to be
blank
CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02 Tutorial 2A Page - 1
Tutorial 2A
In this Tutorial you will learn
♦ the definition of a Symbol
♦ the concept of Symbol size
♦ the concepts or Representative and Pictorial Symbols
♦ using the Symbol Library
♦ Inserting Symbols manually - in space and over points
♦ Deleting a Symbol
♦ Inserting Symbols using Feature Codes
♦ Inserting a “Pictorial Symbol”
♦ How to insert Descriptive Text into a Job.
What Are Symbols?

Symbols are standard “drawings’ which can be inserted into any CDS/TRPS
job.
Any drawing that is stored in Windows Metafile Format (WMF) can be used
as a symbol within CDS/TRPS. Note that images stored in Adobe Placeable
Metafiles (*.apm) and Enhanced Metafiles (*.emf) can also be used, but you
need to rename them to (*.wmf).
The WMF Format is one commonly used by Windows programs to store

vector based images i.e. images which are composed mainly of lines, circles
and the like.
Most Windows based CAD packages (e.g. Autocad, AutocadLT, QuickCad,

TurboCAD) can store or export drawings to a WMF file, as can other
graphics or drawing packages such as Windows Draw, Corel. Draw, Adobe
Illustrator, PaintShop Pro.
In addition to the CAD or Draw type packages, there are a variety of other
commercial packages available either on the WEB, or at your local
computer store for very little money which will create Metafiles for you.
For example, there is a program called Metafile Companion published by

Companion Software which is available from their Web site at
www.CompanionSoftware.com which you can try 30 times before you
register for around $US30.
Page 2 Tutorial 2A CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02
How do you Create a Symbol?

How you create any particular symbol is determined by the package which
you choose to use, and you should refer to the instruction or help files which
came with that package.
Before you ask, we have no intention of creating routines to create symbols,

because to do so would be a prime example of re-inventing the wheel. Even
if we wanted to, we couldn’t hope to match the features available in
programs like Metafile Companion even at ten times the price.
We can however supply you with a program that will convert any symbols
you created with previous versions of Foresight into metafiles if you request
it.
Some Basic Concepts

Before you go any further, it is important that you comprehend a couple of
simple facts about these symbols you are going to use.
The Size of a Symbol.

First you need to be aware that symbols can be of various sizes, depending
on which package was used to create them, and since “computing” and
“standards” are mutually exclusive, there is no such thing as a standard
WMF, even though the standard itself is reasonably well defined.
For example, if you create a simple circle in package A it might have a

diameter of 1 metre, or 1 foot, but if you create the same thing with package
B it might have a diameter of 1 yard or 1 mile, but when each of them
creates a WMF, you end up with a circle with a diameter of 1.
To attempt to bring order to some of the chaos that can ensue from differing
sizes, CDS/TRPS takes any symbol you provide and scales it to fit into a
square with sides of 1 metre in real world coordinates.
So, any symbol which we provide, or which you get from a library
somewhere, or which you create yourself will end up sized to fit into a
rectangular box. By default, this box is a square with 1 metre sides, but you
can use the Width and Height parameters to make it the rectangle of the size
you need.
Sizing Symbols
From the basic 1 metre square, you can then apply size factors for Width
and /or Height as you insert the symbol into the job so that it appears the
correct size on the screen and on the plans you create.
For example, if you take the circle we mentioned above and inserted it
directly into a job it would end up with a diameter of 1 metre.
However, if you needed it to represent a drain hole with a measured

diameter of 600mm, you would need to assign a size factor of 0.6 for both
Width and Height as you inserted it into the job.
Similarly, if you wished the circle to represent a pit with a diameter of 1.5
metres you would need to use a size factors of 1.5 for both width and height
when you inserted the symbol into the job.
This initial sizing as you insert the symbol will result in the symbol being
drawn at the correct size in relation to other features in the job.
If the symbol you were using was a rectangular pit which measured 0.7 by
0.4 on the ground, then you would take the symbol you wished to use and
apply a Width of 0.7 and a Height of 0.4 to achieve the correct result.
Scaling Symbols
As well as determining the size of the symbol in real world dimensions, you
also need to determine if a particular symbol will be scaled to match the
drawing scale when the job is plotted out.
Symbols can either be considered as representative or pictorial.
For example, the drainage pits mentioned above, would normally be

representative i.e you would like them to be drawn at the correct scale on the
plan to represent their true relative size on the ground.
Alternatively, there are things such as light poles, or traffic lights or survey
permanent marks which you may wish to represent with a symbol which is
purely pictorial i.e. it represents the location and identity of the feature, but
does not necessarily represent its true size in relation to other features on the
plan.
For example, the survey mark that we mentioned might be a nail in a kerb.
If this nail was 10millimetres across the top, and you tried to represent it at
the correct size on a 1:1000 drawing you would not see it, so it would be far
more sensible to make its symbol non-scaleable so that it holds the same
size regardless of the scale of the drawing.
So, armed with these basic concepts it is time for you to try and apply them
in a vaguely real situation, and to show you the procedure we will use some
of the sample symbols supplied with CDS/TRPS.
Using the Symbols Supplied.

We have provided a number of simple symbols with CDS/TRPS to get you
started, and we will concentrate on using just a few of these to show you the
process of getting symbols into your CDS/TRPS jobs and onto your plans,
which is the ultimate aim of the exercise.
Start CDS/TRPS and use

File Open to open up a job
called db.sy1 in your
Tutor folder. Once the Job
opens, maximise the
screen.
In this job you will see

there are 12 points on the
screen arranged in a
rectangular fashion as
seen in the screen at right.
Pull down the Entry menu,

select Symbols, followed
by Symbol Library, and
the screen will appear as
at right.
Here you will see all the

symbols that are currently
stored in the Variable
folder displayed for you,
and you may scroll down
using the scroll bar on the right hand side to see all of them.
If you look at the columns for a moment, you will see a graphic picture, the
name of the symbol, a check box under the heading scaled, the Width and
Height to be used and columns for Insert X and Insert Y.
If the symbol is to be representational, and change scale with the scale of the
drawing it is to be plotted on, then the “Scaled” box must remain checked.
Logically then, if you want to represent a particular symbol as pictorial only
you would uncheck the Scaled Box.
The Width and Height columns default to 1 as mentioned above for all of
the default symbols supplied, and you can size each symbol individually as
it is inserted into the job.
Alternatively, you can create symbols that are already sized if this suits your
type of work. For example, say you did detail surveys which involved
picking up a large number of standard drainage pits, and you knew that they
only came in diameters of 300, 600 and 1200 millimetres.
If you have a base symbol called Pit that was a circle with a base diameter of
1 metre, you might like to create three copies of the symbol Pit called Pit3,
Pit6 and Pit12 respectively.
You could then enter width and heights of 0.3 for Pit 3, 0.6 for Pit 6, 0.9 for
Pit9 and 1.2 for Pit12, and then instruct the field party to code the points
accordingly.
The shift columns allow you to offset a symbol from the point over which
you insert it, and we will cover this facility in a later tutorial, once we have
mastered the basics.
If you scrolled down through the symbols, you would have seen that there
were a number of TREE symbols, and we will first use a couple of these to
demonstrate how the symbol can be inserted both manually, and
automatically by means of the Code Library.
Inserting a Symbol Manually

First off we wish to insert a symbol called TREE1.
Pull down the Entry menu, highlight Symbols, and select Insert a Symbol
and the screen will appear as seen below.
You can use the pull

down option and scroll
down through he symbol
names, or you can type
in TREE1 in the field.
Once you have TREE1

in the field select the
OK button and you will
see the pop up screen
disappear, and a square
will appear attached to
your cursor.
Move your cursor and you will see the square will follow you, and you
should position the tip of the cursor over point 9 as seen in the screen below.
Once you have

positioned it correctly,
simply press the left
button on your mouse,
and the square will be
placed centrally over
Point 9.
Now, at this stage you

are probably thinking
that you have been
robbed, since the square
is hardly a tree symbol.
Don’t be concerned. For reasons of speed, only the surrounding rectangle is

shown when you are placing the symbol.
If you redraw the screen by pressing the “D’” key, the symbol should
appear. If it does not, you need to make sure symbols are turned On using
the Modes screen.
So, either press the F9 button,

or use the Modes Icon to
bring up the Modes screen as
seen at right.
Make sure that you check the

On button on Symbols which
is on the bottom right of the
screen, and then select OK.
When the screen reappears,

you will see the rough outline of a tree appears in place of the square, and
you may zoom in to get a closer look if you wish.
OK, you have a symbol in place, but because you didn’t do anything about
the scaling when you inserted it, your tree will appear with a canopy of 1
metre across, which means it is probably closer to a shrub rather than a tree.
Lets now insert the same symbol over Point 10, but this time our field party
has told us that the canopy of the tree has a spread of 5 metres.
Pull down Entry again,

highlight Symbols and
Select Insert a Symbol.
Enter TREE1 as the symbol

to insert, and this time enter
a scale of 5.
You will see a bigger box (5

times bigger in fact) than
you saw last time, and you
should insert it on Point 10.
Again the square will be

shown, but when you next
redraw the screen you will
find the screen at right,
with a tree with spread of
1 metre over point 9 and a
tree with spread of 5
metres over point 10.
Now, if you look closely

at Point 10 (maybe even
zoom a window around it
if you like), you will see
that the dot representing the point, and the dot marking the centre of the tree
do not coincide.
This is because we simply positioned the cursor “roughly” near the point,
and in some cases this is more than good enough.
However, in other cases you require the symbol to be locked onto the point
precisely, and you can achieve this as follows.
Locking the symbol over a point

Pull down the Entry Menu, select Symbols and then select Symbol Display
to see a screen like that below
If you look down the column headed “Point” you will find that both symbols
show –1. This indicates that the symbol has been placed “in space” rather
than exactly over a point in the database.
If you look to the columns to the left you will see the coordinates that have
been used to located the point when you positioned it on the screen.
You can use this capability to position all manner of descriptive information
that is not related to any particular point on your job.
For example a North Point can be located wherever you like, as can your
Company Logo if you have it in WMF format.
When you wish to position a symbol exactly over a point, you simply type
the point number required into the Point Column, as seen below.
(You will see later in this Tutorial that you can also use Feature Codes to
position symbols over points)
NOTE: you may, if you wish, come directly to this table and simply type in
the name of the symbol, the size and the point to locate it over if you wish to
manually position symbols over existing database points.
You can also use this table to alter the sizing of a symbol you have already
placed.
Delete a Symbol
In the event that you wish to delete a symbol that you have placed, you also
come directly to this option.
Use your cursor to select the Line Number of the symbol you wish to delete.
I.e. click on the line number on the left-hand side.
You will see the entire line is highlighted or selected, and you can then
simply press the Delete key to remove the particular symbol.
Be careful, since there is no undo facility available.
Next it is time to learn how to use feature codes to insert symbols

automatically.
Insert a Symbol using the Code Library.

As well as inserting individual symbols as we have already done, you can
‘automate’ the process by using codes and the code library if you wish..
To do this, it is necessary for the points to be coded with ‘feature codes’ and
for you to set up a code library defining what you wish to do with those
codes.
In Job SYM, we have already supplied codes for points 3 and 5, and you
can check on these codes by either using Modes - Display to turn them on,
or by using the “?” key to query the points. (You should find that Point 3 has
a code of PP to indicate a power pole, and Point 5 has a code of STN to
indicate a Station.)
So, we have complied with the first of the requirements in that we have
some points with codes.
Now we need to set up a code library.
Pull down the Entry Menu, and select Feature Codes.
The screen should appear as below.
We wish to create a new

library, and we will give it
a name of SYMBOLS, so
type that into the field
titled ‘Library Name’, and
then press the TAB key to
move on to the next field
which is titled Tag
Character.
This is the character that

you will use to indicate
that you wish to ‘Tag” codes together, and though it is not applicable in this
example, you should enter in the “+” key, and then press the Tab key to
move to the field titled ‘Attribute Character’.
Here enter the ‘-‘ character, since later in this example we will wish to apply
attributes to the symbols we are using.
The cursor will now be in the Column titled Code on the first line, waiting
for you to type in the feature code you have used, and then to indicate what
you want done with it.
Our first code is PP, so type it in and press the Tab key to move into the
‘Type’ column. Here you will see a drop down list showing you the various
types of codes available.
For this exercise, we are only interested in codes which apply to particular
points, so you should select the ‘Point’ type either with the mouse, or by
typing ‘P’ followed by Enter.
The cursor will now be in the ‘Action’ column.
The action we require is to place a symbol over the point, and you know that
you have a symbol called ‘powpol’ in your symbol library which you wish
to use to indicate power poles.
Type in ‘S=POWPOL’ to indicate that wherever the program finds a point

with a code of PP it is to insert the symbol ‘powpol’. Then press enter or
Tab to move the cursor into the layer column.
Type in ‘Power’ to indicate that all points with this particular code are to be
assigned to a layer called power.
The cursor will move to the Folder column, but since we are not interested
in strings in this example we have no need for a string folder, so simply
press Tab to move past it and leave it blank.
The cursor should now be in the Code column again, so type in “STN”, set
it as a Point code, define the action of ‘S=STN’ and assign a layer of
‘MARKS’.
Again Tab past the Folder column to finish off the line.
Your screen should now appear as below.

At this point you are ready

to now apply the codes to
the points in the database,
so select the ‘Apply to
DB’ button.
A prompt will appear to

inform you that the library
has been applied, so click
on OK to confirm the
message and proceed.
Then select the OK option to save the code library details and close down
the window.
You screen will appear unchanged at this time, but if you reDraw by
pressing the ‘D’ key and then Zoom a window around points 3 and 5 you
should see a screen similar to that below.
Here you will see that

symbols have been
inserted over points 3 and
5. But, before you get
carried away with the
excitement of this
discovery, you need to
consider the size of these
symbols.
You will see that they are

both approximately the
same size as the tree which is over point 9, which we have already
determined is 1 metre across.
Since most power poles are only about 300 to 400 millimetres in diameter,
we obviously need to make an alteration here.
Also, most Survey Stations are marked with a peg or monument which is
considerably smaller than 1 metre square, so we need to take remedial action
here as well.
Sizing Symbols with the Code Library

You already know from your tree exploits that you can change the size of a
symbol within the symbol library itself, and now you will see another
method for achieving the same result.
In this instance, power poles can be of differing sizes, so we don’t wish to

use the symbol library to reduce our symbol to a uniform size.
Instead, you need to size the symbols as they are inserted and you can
achieve this as follows.
Pull down the Entry menu and Select Feature Codes.
Use the pull down arrow and select a Library name of SYMBOLS, and you
should see your code library again.
Move the cursor into the Action column on the first line, and position the
cursor at the end of the entry.
What you wish to achieve here is to have a power pole drawn with a
diameter of 300 mm. To achieve this, you need to Magnify or Multiply the
base scale of 1 metre by a factor of 0.3.
So, after the word ‘powpol’ you place the ‘-‘ sign to indicate to the program
that attributes are following.
The attribute in thus case is ‘M0.3’.
Your entry should now read ‘S=POWPOL-M0.3’
Next select the “Apply to DB” option.
When you redraw your screen with any of the zoom or pan functions, you
will see that the symbol representing the power Pole has now been reduced
in size so that it appears correct in relationship to the tree over Point 9 that
you compared it to before.
Representing Pictorial Symbols

If you recall the basic concepts at the start of this tutorial, you will
remember that we said that a pictorial symbol is one which is inserted at a
particular size which is generally not representative of its size on the ground,
and that it is generally not scaled up and down with the scale of the final
plot.
The symbol signifying the Station which is inserted over Point 5 is a case in
point.
Here the Station is in fact a Peg which is 50 millimetres square, but if we
tried to draw the symbol to that particular size we would have difficulty
finding it.
The size you choose will depend largely on the scale of the drawings you are
going to produce, and to your particular aesthetic values, so please treat the
number used below as a guide only, and use your own values as you see fit.
For example, if you normally produced drawings at a scales of 1:500 and

1:1000, you would probably need to have your station symbol plotted at
about 4 millimetres on the plan, (rather than the 0.5 millimetres at 1:1000 if
you left it as representative.)
You also wish to indicate that this symbol is NOT to be scaled with the plan
scale, but will be drawn at 4 millimetres regardless of the scale of the plan.
To achieve this, pull down the Entry Menu, select the Symbols option and
then select the Symbol Library option.
Scroll down until you find the “STN” symbol.
First, ‘uncheck’ the scale box to indicate that it is to stay the same size
regardless.
Then enter a “Size” of 4. Why 4 I hear you ask?
Because, you set the symbol up as if it were going to be plotted on a 1:1000

plan.
If that were the case, and you left it at 1, the square with 1 metre sides
holding your symbol would be plotted on the paper with sides of 1
millimetre, whereas you want them to be 4 millimetres.
Inserting Text.
If you need to insert Descriptive text into the job for things such as Road
Names or construction notes or Tree descriptions, you can do so in the
following manner.
Pull down the Entry menu, select Text, and then select Insert Text.
The screen will appear as

at right.
You will see a window

pop up, and you can
“Drag” it around the
screen so it is clear of
where you want the text to
be.
You can type in whatever

text you wish to add in the
‘window’ at the top of the pop-up.
Here we wish to type in a description of “Snow Gum 12 m high” to the right

of the tree over point 10. So first type the string of text into the text window.
You can now choose where to locate this text, and you may either Point with
your cursor to indicate where it is to start, or, if you wish you can type in the
coordinates of the start point you require.
In most cases pointing will be simpler, so move your cursor to a location at

the right of the tree. Pick the point with your left mouse button, and you will
see the coordinates appear in the Text entry box.
Next you need to enter in the bearing for the text. You may either type in a
bearing in the usual format, or you can use the “P” option to get the bearing
between two points, or you can use the ‘D’ option to draw the bearing you
require on the screen
In this case, we will use a bearing of 45, so type that in.

You now can enter in the layer name to store the text on, and in this case
‘text’ will be adequate
Next you need to set the font and size for the characters, so pick the ‘button’
labelled ‘Font’.
You will see the familiar windows font selection panel appear to allow you
to choose what you require.
As an example, pick Arial,

10 Point Regular and then
select OK.
You will see these values

now appear in your pop-
up text window similar to
what you can see in the
screen at right.
Once you are happy, press

the OK button and the pop
up screen will disappear.
Now, before you panic

because you can’t see the
words let me assure you
that the text will appear
the next time you redraw
the screen.
If you don’t wish to take

my word for it, press the
‘D’ key to reDraw, and
you should now see the
words, as seen at right.
Armed with this knowledge, you can now insert all manner of text onto your
drawings, but I do advise that if you wish to get into serious schedules and
the like you are much better advised to do it in your CAD package.
CDS Version 1.02 Tutorial 2 Data Page 1
Occupied Station : 1 Desc:______________
Stn Coords East: 500 North: 1000 R.L. 100.00
Backsight Station : 2 Azimuth: 0º 00' Inst. Height 1.5
Pt No Hz Ang Dist R.L. Code

100 40º 23' 99.8 102.52
101 25º 52' 98.84 100.23
102 357º 42' 88.65 101.26
103 358º 07' 65.97 99.85
104 357º 02' 41.99 97.68
105 356º 42 18.583 100.31
106 221º 48' 4.09 100.97
107 52º 21' 41.21 100.26
108 93º 07' 43.19 102.50
109 90º 13' 69.64 103.60
110 74º 41' 74.21 101.80
111 51º 11' 75.19 100.60
112 54º 23' 101.28 101.60 STN-Peg
113 44º 32' 125.30 100.99
114 23º 17' 79.75 100.23
115 37º 16' 56.28 98.30
Page 2 Tutorial 2 Data CDS Version 1.02
Occupied Station : 112 Desc:______________
Coords East: ____ North: ____ R.L. ____
Backsight Station : 1 Azimuth: 234º 23' Inst. Height 1.65
Pt No Hz Ang Dist R.L

116 40º 48' 38.47 101.15
117 84º 29' 23.47 101.85
118 156º 27' 40.70 102.35
119 166º 48' 58.25 103.85
120 156º 26' 60.65 105.80
121 143º 54' 46.17 104.40
122 86º 45' 33.18 103.70
123 50º 33’ 45.68 103.20
124 138º 42’ 50.64 104.35
125 150º 34’ 64.29 105.60
126 87º 46’ 38.78 103.55
127 54º 29’ 50.14 103.08
128 60º 18’ 57.31 101.65
129 89º 32’ 49.85 100.85
130 129º 11 62.30 101.86
131 140º 11 73.57 103.45
Tutorial 3
In this tutorial you will;
♦ Contour a natural surface from a job supplied.

♦ Identify where the model fails to accurately represent a creek through the
surface.
♦ Define discontinuity or breakline strings along the creek.
♦ Re-contour the surface to incorporate the discontinuities.
Start CDS/TRPS in your usual fashion, either from the Start Programs list,
or from a shortcut if you have one set up on your desktop.
Selecting the Job

Use the File, Open command to open job EX3 in your \Foresite\Tutor
folder. The screen should appear as below left, and you should maximise
the window to fill the screen so you have a display as seen below right.
Now pull down the Contour Menu and select Surface Parameters to see the
screen on top of the next page.
For our purposes the majority of the default values will be sufficient,
however you should change the Contour interval so you have a Major
Interval of 2.0 and a Minor Interval of 0.5.
This will give you a clearer picture of the surface.
Once the changes are made, select OK .

Page 2 Tutorial 3 CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02
Next you should pull down the Contour Menu and select the Form model
option.
The triangles will be quickly formed and the screen should appear as below
left.
Now pull down the Contour menu again, and select Calculate Contours, and
when asked you should save the contours that have been formed, and appear
as in the screen below right.
Now, if you inspect these contours, you will find it difficult to see any creek
running across the model, however we can tell you that there should in fact
be one.
In fact, we have been told by the field party that the creek is defined by the
following points.
Left Bank - points 11,24,39,59,76

Centreline points 45,25,40,60,77
Right Bank points 46,26,41,61,78
To get a clearer picture of how the model has been formed, Zoom up a
window of the approximate size you see in the screen shown below.
Once the screen is redrawn, you should see a set of contours similar to those
in the screen below, and it is obvious that these contours are not
representing a creek, so we need to re-educate the model, and this can be
easily achieved by inserting discontinuities or breaklines.
(The two names are

interchangeable and it
depends which school
you went to as to
which one you are
more familiar with)
Since you are satisfied

that the existing
contours are a little
“odd” you should
Zoom Extents so you
can see the full job while you add in some strings to represent the creek.
In order for the program to take notice of the discontinuities, they need to be
placed in a string folder called “NDIS” where the “N” signifies that these
discontinuities (that’s the ‘DIS’ part) are to apply to the Natural surface.
Pull down the Strings menu, and select the Add option.
Adding Discontinuity Strings
When you select Add, a screen will appear as seen below.
Pull down the

‘Folder” name and
select ‘ndis’
Now you need to

identify the string
you are about to
enter. Select the
field titled “String
ID” and type in LB
(to signify Left
Bank) and press
Enter or the Tab
key.
The cursor will move into the field at the bottom of the “Strings” window,
and here you need to define the points that will be connected in this string.
From the information above, you should type in 11 followed by a comma (,)
and then 24 followed by a comma - you will see a line appear on your
screen connecting these two points.
Then continue entering the points until your field has the following string in
it
11,24,39,59,76
Note, that you may either type in the point numbers, or select them with the
cursor if you can see them clearly.
Once you have entered in point 76 you should select the Apply button to
save the string away.
Now set the String ID to CL.
The list of Points is 45,25,40,60,77 and then select Apply
You should now see two lines across the display indicating the left bank and
the centreline of the creek.
You should now repeat the process with a String ID of RB and points of
46,26,41,61,78. Select Apply to end this string entry.
Then select Finish to close down the Add Strings window.
You should be able to see the strings drawn over the contours, but if you
wish to get a clearer picture you can turn the contours OFF by either using
the Modes screen, or by using the F7 Function Key.
Re-Form The Model

Now that the discontinuities have been inserted, it is time to reform the
model to incorporate them.
Note: for those of you who have used earlier versions

of Foresight Programs, the process has now changed so
that you need to re-form the triangles, not merely the
contours as was previously the case.
Pull down the Contour menu and select Form Model.
The triangles will form quickly on the screen, and if you pay close attention,
once the triangles are completed you will see a small window appear
informing you that it is re-organising the triangles to take the discontinuities
into effect.
Since this process is fairly speedy, and this is a rather small job, if you have
the latest souped up Pentium, you may only see a flash as this happens.
This process needs no intervention from you and once it is completed the
screen will show you the triangle model.
Pull down the Contour Menu once more, and this time select Calculate
Contours, and save them when the process is finished.
The screen should now appear as seen below.
It should already
be apparent that
there is now a
creek running
through the
model.
If you wish to
Zoom into the
window that you
used earlier in
this tutorial you
should now see
the creek clearly
defined as seen
below.
Tutorial 4
In this exercise you will learn how to;
♦ Use the maximum triangle side to limit where contours are formed.
♦ Select and delete individual triangles
♦ Select and delete triangles within a polygon
♦ Enter boundary strings into a Contour model..
♦ Use boundaries to remove unwanted contours.
♦ Use boundaries to remove unwanted triangles.
.
You have been provided with a Job named “db.bdy” in the \Tutor folder and
you should Start CDS/TRPS, and use File Open to open db.bdy
The screen should similar to that below
Now select
Contour, then
Surface
Parameters and
reset to use all
the points in the
job. Set the
Major Contour
interval to 2
and the Minor
Interval to 0.5
Next Form the

Model. (Note
since we wish to use the extents of the job as the Surface Area, there is no
need to access this option as Extents is the default.)
Now calculate the contours and allow them to be saved. Your job should
now look like that below.
Now while this may at first appear to be a reasonable result, particularly if

you have never seen the site, I regret to inform you that it is not quite
correct, and there are a number of areas where triangles and contours are
formed when they have no valid reason to be there.
For example on
the southern area
of the job, there
is a run of points
around a ‘curve’
from point 230,
through 130 and
up to 137, and
these points are
in fact around the
boundary of the
particular parcel
of land.
Likewise, on the
eastern boundary there is another ‘curved” run of points from 239 in to 204
and up to 214, and these points also follow the boundary of the land.
Now, your client will complain enough about your fee for providing a
contour plan of her land without having contours drawn on the neighbours
block as well, so we need to examine ways of removing the excess contours.
In broad terms, you can either prevent the triangles forming over the areas in
the first place, or remove them after they have formed, and there are
essentially three ways in which you can go about this exercise.
1. Limit the maximum triangle side to prevent ‘large’ triangles forming.

2. Select triangles, either individually, or within a polygon and delete them
3. Insert strings around the excess areas and remove contours inside the
strings
4. Insert strings and remove the triangles inside the strings.
1 Limit the Triangle Side
The first method is rather crude in its application, and it is best suited where
there are large concave excess areas, with a good coverage of points in the
remainder of the job.
If you look closely at your points you will see that you really don’t wish to
form any triangles that have a side larger than the distance between points
210 and 204.
So, press ‘J’ to get a join between these points and you will find out that the
distance is a little over 85 metres.
Now pull down your

Contour Menu, select
Surface parameters and set
the Maximum triangle side
to 85 as seen in the screen
at right.
Once this is accomplished,

you should again pull
down the contour menu,
and now select Form
Model.
The triangles should now

appear as seen at right.
As you can see, we have

removed the triangles in
the concave areas, but we
have been a little over
enthusiastic in other areas
and have left holes in the
parcel.
While the tool of

Maximum Triangle Side is not the correct one for this particular set of data,
it is important that you are aware of its capabilities so you can use it where
the data is more closely defined in the body of the job.
Go back to your surface parameters, set the maximum Triangle side to “No
Check” and then re-form the model, and we will go on to show you a better
method of controlling where contours are drawn.
Once the triangles have been formed, you can either select them manually,
as described next, or enter in closed strings to contain and delete the
unwanted ones, and it is up to you to learn the various methods, and then
decide which method is most applicable to the job in question.
2. Select Triangles and Delete Them
Now that you have the triangles reformed to their default state, we will look
at how you can manually select triangles and have them deleted.
Pull down the Contour

Menu, and select the Edit
Model option.
You will see the various

options as shown in the
screen at right.
Select Independent
Triangles
You can select individual

triangles by simply pointing to them.
First you need to select this option, and you will see your cursor changes to
a crosshair with a triangle in the centre of it.
You then position this cursor within the triangle you wish to select and press
your left mouse button.
You will see the triangle changes colour to indicate that it is selected.
You may then continue to select other triangles as needed.
Please note that if you select adjacent triangles, the ‘common’ side will
revert to its original colour, and only the perimeter of the selected triangles
will be shown in a different colour.
For example, in this job if you first pick the triangle made up of Points
230,133 and 136 you will see it change colour.
If you then select the triangle next to it made up of points 230, 127 and 133
you will see that the common line from 230 to 133 reverts to its original
colour and the outside of the two triangles remains blue, or whatever colour
you have set up on your machine.
Once you have selected all the triangles required, pull down the Contour
menu again, highlight the Edit Model option, and pick Delete selected
triangles and you will have achieved the end result.
Remember then to again pick the Select Independent triangles option to turn
it off and return your cursor to the normal pointer.
Select Triangles by Polygon
This option allows you to construct a polygon around the area where you
wish to remove triangles.
Only triangles that are completely within the polygon will be selected.
To use this option, pull down the Contour Menu, followed by Edit Model,
and then pick Select Triangles by Polygon.
Then drag you cursor around to build the polygon you require, and press the
Enter key once finished.
The screen at right shows

the Polygon, and the
perimeter of the selected
triangles within it.
You will now see the

perimeter of the triangles
you have selected change
colour, and, providing
you have got the polygon
in the correct place, you can then use the Delete Selected triangles Option.
3. Insert Strings and remove Contours in areas enclosed by

the strings.
Before we start on this process there are a number of fundamental rules that
you must keep in mind if you intend to use strings to remove contours or
triangles
a. All strings MUST be defined in a String Folder named “BOUND”.

b. All strings MUST be closed i.e. they must start and end on the same point
c . You can elect to delete the contours/triangles either Inside or Outside of
the closed string.
d. If you intend to use a string to delete contours/triangles Inside the string,
you should commence the String ID with the letter I e.g. In1, In2 etc..
e. If you intend to use a string to delete contours/triangles Outside the string,
you should commence the String ID with the letter ‘O” e.g. Out1, Out2 etc.
Now you need to add in the strings, so pull down the Strings Menu, and
Select the Add option.
Type ‘bound’ in the folder name and press Tab or Enter to move to the
String Id field.
Enter a String ID of IN1 to indicate you wish to delete Inside the string.
The points you need are; 203,236,230,231,127,128,130,133,136,137,203
Once you have entered the first string, Select OK.
Now repeat the process to add another string with an ID of IN2 which is
made up of points; 239,237,204,208,210,212,213,214,239
At this point the screen should appear as seen on top of the next page, with
the boundaries displayed.
If you now turn your contours on, the screen will appear as below left.
Now pull down the Contour Menu, Select the Boundaries Option, and select
Contours.
A pop up window will scroll through the contours being processed, and the
screen will be redrawn as seen above right.
At this stage, you have removed the contours outside the area of interest, so
you can get a plot out showing what you need.
However, you MUST be aware that this method, while quick and effective
in terms of presentation plotting is not the ultimate method of removing the
unwanted parts of the model.
In fact, this method does not touch the underlying model at all, and if you
press the F8 key to display the triangles, you will see that the original
triangles still cover the areas where there is not supposed to be any data.
If you were to select the Option to Calculate Contours again, you would
again have contours where contours are not meant to be.
And, if you used this model for the calculation of Volumes, it is quite
possible that you might get a completely wrong answer as the model is
covering an area not intended to be part of the volume calculations.
So, why you ask do we have this method it doesn’t do everything needed?
The answer is because it is the fastest way for you to get the plot you are
looking for.
While in this example there is effectively no difference between the time

taken to remove contours and the time taken to remove triangles, on large
jobs the time taken for the triangle removal can be considerably longer.
So, if it is for purely cosmetic reasons that you wish to remove contours
from some areas of the job, this method is perfectly adequate, but if you
wish to use the job to calculate volumes, it is strongly recommended that
you use the Triangle method described below.
3. Remove Triangles in Areas Enclosed by Strings
For this method, the procedure is identical to that you already been through
to remove contours, except that when you pull down the Contour Menu and
select Boundaries, this time you pick Triangles instead of the contours
option you picked previously.
I leave it for you to use the Triangle method by yourself.

Tutorial 5
In this Tutorial you will learn how to;
♦ Enter Cross Sections from Level Sheets containing Chainage, Offset and
Reduced Level.
♦ Review the Cross Sections and Profile on screen
♦ Plot out Cross Sections and a Profile of the Centreline.
Use Start, Programs, or a shortcut if you have one to start CDS/TRPS.
Pull down the File menu, select New, and enter a JobID of ‘db.ex5’, and a
description indicating it is data for Tutorial 5.
Entering the Data
Pull down the Entry menu and select the Reduced Levels option. A screen
similar to that below will appear
Pick the New button to indicate that you need a new level sheet.
You will be asked to specify the road number for the level sheet, and can
simply press the Enter key to accept the default value of Road 1 which is
offered.
A screen similar to that below will appear, and once you press Enter to lock
away the ‘rd1’ entry on the first line, you can start entering your data into
the relevant columns, as shown in the sample screen.
When you get

down to
chainage 1000,
you will notice
that the column
for chainage is
not quite wide
enough to fit all
the numbers, so
you should
widen it a little
to cater for
your data.
To do this,
position your cursor on the column bar between Chainage and Offset as seen
in the screen below, and you will see a double headed arrow appear.
Simply move
the cursor to
the right to
widen the
column
sufficiently,
and then click
the left mouse
button to fix it
in place.
Now continue
entering your
data until you
reach the end.
Note that if you make a mistake you can use the mouse or the Tab and
Shifted Tab keys to move back to the relevant field and make the necessary
alteration.
Remember that in this entry table, as in all other entry tables offered in
CDS/TRPS, you use either the Tab key, the Enter key or your mouse to
move between fields, and you use your arrow keys to move within a field, in
combination with the Backspace or Delete keys to make the changes you
require.
Once you have finished entering the data, you can use the File menu to
access the Print Preview and Print option if you require a hard copy of the
entered data.
The next step is to store the entered data into the database, so pull down the
Options menu in the entry screen and select Store data to database.
A screen will appear to allow you to control the extent of the data which you
store, but in this case you wish to store all the points which is the default.
Simply pick the OK button, and the points will be stored for you.
We now wish to close down the entry screen, so use either File, Close, or
the close “X” at the top of the window, and answer Yes when asked if you
wish to save changes to the level sheet.
Now before you panic about the lack of points displayed on the screen, you
need to think about what type of data you have entered.
All you entered for this example were chainages, offsets and levels, however
this “Plan View” screen is designed to display east and north coordinates.
Since there are no east or north coordinates on any of the points yet it is
perfectly reasonable for them all the be clustered off in one corner out of
sight, and later in these tutorials you will learn how to assign these points to
an alignment and so calculate relevant coordinates for them.
Until then, all we are really interested in is profiles and sections of the
points, and these can be easily achieved with the values we have.
Pull down the Road menu, and you will find that the Road routine loads its
own Window .
Since we wish to work in the road routines to produce sections and profiles,
you should maximise this window by clicking the maximise icon on the top
bar where you see Foresight Roadworks db.ex5.
If you don’t know how to do this, please refer back to your windows training
to refresh your memory. (Try selecting the icon second from the right on
the top line of the window)
We repeat that it is
important that you are
familiar with the general use
of the Windows functions
before you attempt these
tutorials.
Once you have maximised

the Road window, Pull
down the Road option, and
select Display & Plotting as
seen at right.
Then Select Display Profile and the screen should appear as seen below.
Note, that this “shortcut”

straight to the profile will
only work if you wish to
display a centreline on Road
1.
If you wish to view a Road

other than Road 1, or a
profile other than a
Centreline (ie. a line joining
points of increasing
chainage with an offset of zero), you will need to set up parameters before
you can display the profile.
Next pull down the Road

Menu again, and again
select Display & Plotting,
and this time select the
Display Section option, and
your screen should appear
as that seen at right.
You can use the Next button

to move sequentially through the cross sections, or if you wish to view a

particular chainage you can
enter the required chainage
in the “Chainage” field. For
example, if you wish to
view the section at chainage
1160, simply select the
Chainage box with you
cursor, and then type in
1160 followed by the Enter
key. The screen should
At the moment you can see that you have three windows displayed on your
screen, and these are titled Ex5:1 (the Plan View), EX5:2 (Profile) and
EX5:3 (Section).
In this case, since we do not yet have coordinates, in effect we do not have
nor need the plan view, so we need to close the window titled EX5:1.
Make this window active by clicking inside it, and then close it.
You are now left with a Profile window and a Section window which
overlay one another.
Pull down the Window menu, and select the option Tile, and you will find
that your screen should appear as seen below
Note that at the bottom of the display, the second bottom line contains two
fields that will change as you move your cursor around in the active
window.
If your cursor is in the Section window, the field on the left will display the
Offset of the cursor, and the field on the right will contain the RL of the
cursor.
If you have the cursor in the Profile window, the field on the left will display
the Chainage of the cursor, and the field on the right will contain the RL of
the cursor.
Setting up the Printer/Plotter

Now that you have managed to get the data to display section and a profile,
it is time to get ready to plot out both of these items, but before you can
proceed you need to make sure that the plotter you intend to use is
configured as the current Windows printing device.
Normally most windows systems have a small laser or inkjet printer

configured as the default print device, and this is fine for most of the time,
but now we wish to plot on a A1 sheet, not a small A4 sheet.
Pull down the File menu, and choose Print Setup.
Now you need to pull down the list of installed printers and select your
plotter.
Since we have no idea what equipment you are likely to have installed, but
the computer this tutorial was written on has a Canon LBP4i set as its
default printer, and a plotter driver for the HP350C is also installed, so we
will use those devices for
illustration purposes.
You will need to substitute

whatever equipment you have
connected to your particular
computer.
In the screen at right we are in

the process of selecting the
HP350C to be selected as the
current printer in place of the
existing Cannon laser printer.
Note that using this process does NOT replace the default printer.
It simply sets the printer selected to be the current printer until the program
is finished, and this is normally what we want.
If you wish to change the default printer each time, or indulge in some other
form of techno wizardry feel free, so long as you get a device with an A1
sheet of paper as your current printing device at this point in time.
Once you have selected the

relevant plotter, you then
need to select the Properties
tab to allow you top set the
plotter up.
In the screen at left we have

used the plotter driver to
select an A1 sheet of paper
with a Landscape
orientation, and we suggest
that you need to do the
same.
Please note that there are a variety of other settings concerned with roll
feeds or communications ports or paper types which you also need to have
correctly set if you are to achieve a sensible plot.
However it is beyond the scope of this tutorial to deal with all of these items
and you will need to rely on your own training or local expert to guide you
in these areas.
Once you have set the plotter to use some A1 paper in landscape mode you
should close the Print Setup option, and ensure that the Profile window is
Active.
Set Profile Parameters & Plot

Next you need to call up the Profile parameters, which can be done by
selecting the Icon which shows an “L” for “Long Section” with a pencil
growing out of it. Alternatively, you can pull down the Road menu and
select Display & Plotting, followed by the Profile parameters option.
Either way, the screen

shown at right should
appear.
Click the box titles

“Min” and you will see
that the minimum
chainage of 840 replaces
the default of 0.
Click the Max box and

the maximum chainage
(1440) of the current
road will be inserted.
The remainder of the

defaults look fine for the
moment, so select OK to
save the parameters
away.
Now pull down the File

menu and select Print
Preview.
If everything has gone

according to plan, the
screen should appear
similar to the one you
can see below right.
If your screen does not resemble the one shown at right then you should
back track through the tutorial to discover what you have set differently to
what is written here.
Now if you are impatient, you might be inclined to hit the Print button to get
the plotter moving, but before you do that, we have a little bit of tinkering to
do to get the plot a little more finished.
If you look closely in the bottom left of the plot, you will see two boxes
which do not have a label to indicate what the figure represent, so we best
rectify this before we waste a sheet of paper.
Close the Print Preview window, and again select your Profile or Long
Section Parameters.
This time when the screen

appears select the
“Format” button at the
bottom of the screen, and
a screen similar to that
shown right will appear.
Your aim is to insert the

labels “Chainage” and
“Natural Surface” to make
it appear identical to the
screen at left.
If you are in an adventurous frame of mind, you may wish to play with the
font settings, and choose a different font, colour and size, and we will leave
it to you to discover the hours of fun which can be had trying different
combinations.
If you select the “Font” box between Chainage and the black square, the
Font screen will appear and provide a gateway to your artistic leanings.
For this exercise, we are happy with the default font, so close down your
parameter screens and
then pull down the File
menu, and again select
Print Preview.
This time the profile

will again appear, and
if you use the
magnifying tool in the
boxes at the left of the
profile you should see
something very similar
to the screen at right.
Once you are ready, you may now commit this profile to the plotter, either
directly from the Print Preview window, or by pulling down the File menu
and selecting Print.
You should note that the File menu also contains options to Export the
profile either to and Autocad compatible DWG file, or alternatively to a
DXF file to transfer to other CAD packages.
If you wish you can also save the profile in Foresight Plot File (FPF) format
for use in the CAD facilities of earlier versions of TRPS.
Cross Section Parameters & Plotting

Now that it is time to deal with the cross sections, the first thing to do is to
make the Section window active.
Next you need to access

the Cross Section
parameters, either from
the Road, Display &
Plotting Menu, or by
selecting the Icon which is
an “X” with a pencil
attached.
The screen at right should

appear.
Select the “Min” and “max” in turn to insert the minimum and maximum
chainage values into the relevant fields.
Next, we know that the client requires the sections to be plotted at a scale of
1:200 natural (ie. same horizontal and vertical scales), so set 200 on both
scale fields.
Next close the parameter screen and pull down the File menu to select Print
Preview.
Your screen should appear similar to the one displayed below, and if you
take more than a fleeting glance you will see that there is some overlapping
of sections which is less than ideal.
Close the preview

screen and go back to
your section parameter
screen.
If you are required to

produce the sections at
a scale of 1:200, and
you wish to use an A1
sheet, it is reasonably
obvious that you will
need to reduce the
number of sections on
the sheet to avoid the overlapping, so if you reduce the columns from 3 to 2.
Now when you check the Print Preview you will see something like the
screen below left.
If you are not limited to A1

paper, you might look at the
possibility of using an A0
sheet and trying 4 rows and
3 columns to get more value
for your money.
As another possibility, you
could leave everything as it
is, export the sections into
an Autocad Drawing and
spend some time “shuffling”
the sections to see if they
will fit.
Since there are as many different solutions as there are Surveyors and
Engineers, we leave it to you to decide on a set of parameters which meets
with your approval to produce a plot.
Except for
these words
this page
is meant
to be
blank
CDS Version 1.02 Tutorial 5 Data Page - 1
Chainage Offset R.L. Chainage Offset R.L.
840.000 0.000 83.011 1000.000 0.000 92.584
840.000 -9.000 84.407 1000.000 -9.000 93.060
840.000 -19.000 86.172 1000.000 -21.000 92.431
840.000 10.000 81.035 1000.000 -25.000 90.094
840.000 12.000 79.177 1000.000 10.000 91.545
840.000 16.000 79.447 1000.000 23.800 88.061
880.000 0.000 88.738 1000.000 30.300 85.809
880.000 -9.000 90.197 1040.000 0.000 88.121
880.000 -20.000 89.838 1040.000 -9.000 87.390
880.000 -26.000 86.898 1040.000 -21.700 86.149
880.000 10.000 87.353 1040.000 10.000 88.671
880.000 21.000 85.220 1040.000 33.200 88.062
920.000 0.000 92.697 1080.000 0.000 83.879
920.000 -9.000 93.481 1080.000 -9.000 83.167
920.000 -12.000 91.595 1080.000 -16.700 82.012
920.000 -17.000 87.181 1080.000 -18.900 82.961
920.000 -26.000 83.418 1080.000 10.000 84.231
920.000 10.000 89.979 1080.000 28.000 84.650
920.000 20.000 86.689 1120.000 0.000 84.515
960.000 0.000 93.678 1120.000 -9.000 83.989
960.000 -6.000 94.616 1120.000 -30.600 83.198
960.000 -9.000 91.968 1120.000 10.000 85.020
960.000 -14.000 88.275 1120.000 25.500 85.343
960.000 10.000 91.142
960.000 34.500 84.941
Page 2 Tutorial 5 Data CDS Version 1.02
Chainage Offset R.L Chainage Offset R.L
1160.000 0.000 86.858 1320.000 0.000 93.869
1160.000 -4.000 85.873 1320.000 -9.000 90.969
1160.000 -9.000 85.026 1320.000 -29.000 89.869
1160.000 -31.700 84.066 1320.000 10.000 102.013
1160.000 10.000 90.318 1320.000 32.000 105.425
1160.000 24.300 92.276 1360.000 0.000 99.193
1200.000 0.000 89.196 1360.000 -9.000 95.331
1200.000 -3.800 87.337 1360.000 -34.000 96.574
1200.000 -9.000 86.803 1360.000 10.000 102.241
1200.000 -25.100 86.220 1360.000 27.000 103.478
1200.000 10.000 96.224 1400.000 0.000 107.939
1200.000 25.900 100.902 1400.000 -9.000 108.436
1240.000 0.000 104.628 1400.000 -39.000 108.900
1240.000 -9.000 101.103 1400.000 10.000 105.775
1240.000 -21.800 99.029 1400.000 22.500 101.910
1240.000 3.400 105.963 1440.000 0.000 98.745
1240.000 10.000 105.995 1440.000 -9.000 106.425
1240.000 16.700 108.634 1440.000 -32.000 111.329
1240.000 27.600 111.427 1440.000 10.000 90.816
1280.000 0.000 105.011
1280.000 -6.200 104.545
1280.000 -9.000 101.041
1280.000 -25.900 97.892
1280.000 10.000 108.578
1280.000 21.000 110.902
1280.000 32.000 112.425
Tutorial 6
♦ Obtain profiles of features other than the centreline.

♦ Use a range of Offset values to define the profile.
♦ Use a Point Code to define the profile.
You should start CDS/TRPS, either pick db.ex5 from the Recent Job List, or
use File, Open to open “db.ex5” in the folder named “\Foresite\tutor”
When the job opens you will be given the plan view, but since we do not yet
have coordinates of the points, the plan view will be largely empty. (All the
points have zero values for East and North coordinates, so are clustered in
one corner)
When you entered the data for job EX5, you may or may not have noticed
that there was a level taken 9 metres to the left of the centreline ( an offset of
-9) and at 10 metres to the right of the centreline (an offset of 10) at most, if
not all cross sections.
The reason for this is that it is proposed to erect a fence down each side of
the road at these particular offsets, and the fencing contractor had asked for
a profile showing both fence lines profiled against one another.
You should pull down

the Road menu, and
then select the Natural
Criteria option which
will present a further
list of options
available as seen in the
screen at right.
Select the Profile

Parameters option.
Note, as an alternative, you could have selected the Icon marked with an
“R” on the icon bar. This “R” refers to the “Reference” lines, and a
reference line is simply defined as a line joining points with the same
attribute on the natural surface.
Either way you select it,

the screen shown at right
will appear.
This screen shows the

default parameters
which the program uses
unless instructed
otherwise, and it
defaults to a Road
Number of 1, with the
reference profile being
defined by an Offset, with a default offset of zero indicating a centreline.
Now it is time to set up the details of what we wish to plot for the fencing
contractor.
First concentrate on Line 1 on the table.

Leave the check box ticked to indicate that we want it to be ON.
Since all the values are on Road 1 you need to leave the Rd No set to 1.
The “Layer” column is not yet fully operative, so skip over it for the
moment and look instead to the column titled “Defined By”.
Here you will see the word Offset is displayed, and since we wish to define
the left fence line by an offset value of -9 that is appropriate to our current
needs.
Move the cursor now into the column marked Max, and type in -9 followed
by the Tab key to move out of the field.
Now it is time to specify the right hand fence line, so move the cursor down
to Line 2 and check the box to turn it ON.
Next enter a Road Number of 1, and then skip over the layer column.
This time, use the pull down option in the “Defined By” column and you
will see a list of the different parameters that can be used to define a profile,
as appears in the screen below.
While this current example only uses the standard offset value to define the
profile, sometimes the data you receive is not as well ordered as that
supplied for this example, and you need alternative means of defining the
profile.
The attributes that may be used are as follows;

• Offset - the points you wish to profile are all at a single offset
from the centreline
• Offset Range - the points you wish to profile do not all have the same
offset, but they all have an offset which falls into a definable range AND
there are no other points which lie within that range. Here you need to
enter both a Minimum and a Maximum value to define the range.
• Point Code - the points all have a unique Point Code
• Description - the points all have a unique description.
• String Name - (go up on the slider bar) the points are all on a particular
string.
Note that the items at the bottom of the list all prefaced
with “DH” are used for profiling design heights, and
since TRPS97 does not have a design facility they are
irrelevant if you have TRPS.
In this case we have a
single Offset value, so
select “Offset” and enter a
Value of 10.
The screen should now

At this stage you should

pull down the Road menu
and select the Display &
Plotting option followed
by Display Profile, and you should get a screen which appears similar to that
below.
Providing your display

appears similar to that
shown, you can now
proceed to prepare for
plotting.
If for some reason

your display does not
appear as shown, go
back and carefully
check the Profile
Parameter screens to
ensure that values you have used are the same as shown.
When you are ready to

proceed, again call up the
Profile parameter screen,
and this time select the box
in the “Plot” column on
Line 1.
A window will pop up as

seen at left allowing you to
specify a pen colour and a
linetype to be used.
If you select the “Pen” box,

another window like the one
below left will pop up to
offer you a palette of pen
colours to choose from , so
choose a colour to suit.
If you select the “Line” box,

a window displaying
available linetypes will
appear as seen in the screen
below.
In this case there is not

a great deal of point in
using fancy linetypes to
plot a simple profile,
but you can be creative
if you wish, and select
something other than a
solid or a dashed line.
Normally however,
when plotting relatively
simple profiles such as
these it is usual to use a
solid line and use a different colour to differentiate between the distinct
profiles.
Once you have finished playing with the colours and linetypes you should
take notice of the field entitled “Box Number”.
If you look at the skeleton drawing of a profile below, you will see that each
value to be drawn needs to be assigned a “box number” to write the values
in.
Box 3
Box 2
Box 1 at the
bottom.
Numbers
increase up
While there are many different formats in use within the

Surveying/Engineering Profession, it is quite common to put the value for
chainage at the bottom of the profile ie in Box 1, and then organise the other
values above it, and that is what we will attempt to do here.
We will place chainage in Box 1, the values of the Left Fence in Box 2 and
those for the Right Fence in Box 3.
Since we are currently defining the left fence and it is already shown in Box
2 no intervention is required.
Select OK to return to your parameter screen.
Next you should select the “Plot” box on Line 2, and again select a colour
and linetype as you see fit.
You should enter a Box Number of 3 for this line as it is the right fence, and
then select OK until the parameter screen is closed down.
Now either select the Profile Plot Parameter Icon (that’s the L with pencil
attached) or pull down the Road menu and select Display and Plotting
followed by Profile parameters to get the following screen.
You will see that the parameters are the same as those we used when we
plotted a profile of the centreline in the previous example, and since they
worked there, they should be more than adequate here as well.
You will however need to alter some of the labels to be placed in the boxes,
so select the Format box and the following screen will appear.
You should fill in the

screen to the values that
appear above, and then
select OK to close the
parameter screens.
Now you are ready for a

plot, but you may need
to use Print Setup to
make sure that you have
your plotter selected
with A1 paper.
Once that is done, you can obtain a Print Preview, which should appear as
shown on the next page, and if it does, you may care to plot it out on the
plotter.
Tutorial 7
In this tutorial you will;
♦ Enter the levels of cross sections at the start or construction.
♦ Enter levels taken after construction has been in progress for one month.
♦ Inspect the sections and profiles at the end of the month.
♦ Calculate and produce a table of Volumes of Cut/Fill.
Entering the Data

You have been supplied with two sheets of levels. The first one at January
30 are the sections after preliminary stripping, but before construction
proper starts.
The second set of levels was taken at the end of February, and the contractor
has asked you to calculate the volumes of dirt moved so he can present a
claim for progress payment.
You should use the techniques which you have already learnt in Tutorial 3
to use Entry of Reduced Levels to enter the January levels as Road 1, and
save them as Level Sheet 1.
Next you should again start the entry routines and enter the February levels
as Road 2, and save them as Level Sheet 2. Note that you should start point
numbering from point 100 to ensure unique point numbers for each section.
If you are at all unsure as to how to go about this process please take some
time to re-do, or at least re-read Tutorial 5 which will tell you everything
you need to know to complete this task.
Once both level sheets have been entered you should store them in a job
called EX7 in the folder called \Foresite\tutor.
Next you should use File Open to open the job db.ex7 and then select the
Road option.
When the Road window

opens you should Maximise
it as we have no further need
of the plan view window in
this example

seen at left.
You will again note that no

points appear in the plan
view as we do not have (or
need) any coordinates for the points we have entered.
Define & Display Profiles

Next you need to define what you wish to view, and this is achieved by
using the Reference parameters which may be accessed from the menu by
pulling down the Road menu, then selecting Natural Criteria, followed by
Profile Parameters. Alternatively, you may select the icon which contains a
large green “R”.
A screen similar to that below will appear.
Line 1 will normally default to the values you need which are on with a
Road Number of 1, defined By an Offset of Zero, so check and make sure
these are in place..
Next move down to Line 2, check the box to turn it on, enter a Road
Number of 2, and an Offset of zero.
You may also wish to select the “plot box” and assign different pen numbers
to road 1 and 2 respectively to make it easier to differentiate on the screen.
(e.g. use green for Road 1 and red for Road 2)
To check if everything is in order, you should now display the profile by

pulling down the Road menu, selecting the option Display & Plotting,
followed by the Display Profile option.
A screen will appear as seen below.
Providing the screen does resemble the one shown you may proceed. If it
does not, you need to retrace your steps and see where you have done
something different to what is written in this example.
Define & Display Sections

The next step is to define which cross section we wish to consider, so you
can pull down the Road menu, select Natural Criteria, and then select
Section Parameters. Alternatively, use the “R” icon, and then select the CS
Reference tab to achieve the same result, which is a screen similar to that
seen below.
Turn Line 1 on, and assign

Road number 1 to it.
Ignore layer for the time
being. If you wish you can
use the Pen box to select a
colour other than black.
Enter a label for line 1 of
“January” .
Next turn Line 2 on with

the check box, assign it to
Road 2, change the pen to
a colour to suit your taste, and enter a label of “February”.
Once completed the screen should appear similar to the one above, and you
then select OK.
Now pull down the Road menu, select Display & Plotting and then Display
Section, and your screen should appear as seen below.
At this stage you have

three windows shown, but
the plan view window
(that’s window number 1)
is of no use to us, so select
it, and then close it to only
leave windows 2 and 3.
Next pull down the

Window menu and select
Tile.
The screen should now appear as below, showing you the profiles and the
two cross sections at chainage zero.
You should use the

“Next” button in the
cross section window to
move sequentially
through the sections to
ensure that no glaring
errors can be seen.
If you see any major

irregularities in the
sections, it means that
your data entry has gone
astray, and you should
go back to the level sheets and carefully check the values you have entered.
Once the sections look vaguely sensible, it is time to determine the quantity
of material that has been moved.
Calculating the Volume

Pull down the Road menu, select Volumes and then select Natural Volume
Parameters. (or select the “V” icon)
The screen will appear similar to that shown below.
You may select the

“Min” and “Max”
boxes to assign the
values of 0 and 300
respectively.
Next you will see the

Format box, and I
suggest that you
experiment with the
formats offered to see
which is closest to
what you want.
The next step is to assign the Base and Overlay roads.
In this case, Road 1 represents what was there in the first instance, and you
should enter it as your base.
We will overlay Road 2 on it to determine the volumes between them, so

enter 2 as the Overlay Road Number.
It matters not at this stage what you do with Mass and Haulage diagrams as
they are not yet functional.
Once the screen has been filled in satisfactorily, select the OK button.
You are now ready to calculate the volumes
Pull down the Road menu, select Volumes, and this time select the Natural
Volumes option.
The program will now load WordPad and insert the report into it as seen
below.
You may now use the facilities in WordPad to add in Project names and any
other text which you might consider appropriate.
You can also scroll around, or Maximise the window to see the ultimate
value of the volume, and when you are ready you can print it out if you
wish.
Note that at this stage of its career the volume program dumps its result into
a file called “fred.wri” which is a format which can be read by either
WordPad, or Write from earlier windows versions.
You may then use the File, Save As options in WordPad to save the report
with a suitable name, and in another format such as Word if that is
appropriate.
If you attempt to Save with Worpad, it will tell you it can’t save in the
current format, so just agree with it and save the document with the name
you decide in the format it suggests.
Note also that since this report is columnar in nature, you need to use
Courier, Courier New, or some other equally spaced font.
If you try and use one of the other fonts, which is not equally spaced, you
will end up with ‘wavy’ columns.
Except for these words,
this page is
intentionally
Blank.
CDS Version 1.02 Data For Tutorial 7 Page - 1
Levels at January 30
Chainage Offset R.L
Chainage Offset R.L
0.000 0.000 175.700 200.000 -19.400 184.504
0.000 20.000 178.524 200.000 -20.000 184.444
0.000 -20.000 173.755 240.000 0.000 185.917
50.000 0.000 180.828 240.000 16.200 189.547
50.000 2.400 181.277 240.000 20.000 190.046
50.000 3.400 181.477 240.000 -4.500 184.901
50.000 7.300 181.500 240.000 -20.000 182.723
50.000 20.000 181.834 260.000 0.000 183.571
50.000 -20.000 177.028 260.000 5.600 184.756
100.000 0.000 187.102 260.000 20.000 186.332
100.000 7.400 188.911 260.000 -12.000 181.995
100.000 10.000 189.630 260.000 -20.000 180.986
100.000 11.500 189.838 280.000 0.000 181.318
100.000 20.000 190.801 280.000 20.000 183.006
100.000 -20.000 182.209 280.000 -4.200 180.961
140.000 0.000 191.766 280.000 -11.200 180.151
140.000 22.000 194.560 280.000 -20.000 179.166
140.000 -9.200 189.421 300.000 0.000 182.117
140.000 -20.000 186.337 300.000 20.000 184.462
160.000 0.000 192.120 300.000 -7.000 181.298
160.000 1.100 192.349 300.000 -20.000 179.855
160.000 3.500 192.823
160.000 23.500 196.000
160.000 -20.000 187.810
200.000 0.000 188.594
200.000 14.300 192.413
200.000 20.000 193.517
200.000 -4.100 187.504
200.000 -4.300 187.462
Page 2 Data for Tutorial 7 CDS Version 1.02
Levels at February 28
Chainage Offset R.L
Chainage Offset R.L
0.000 0.000 179.500 200.000 -8.300 186.687
0.000 5.000 179.350 240.000 0.000 184.686
0.000 10.400 177.174 240.000 5.000 184.536
0.000 -5.000 179.350 240.000 10.700 188.313
0.000 -18.700 173.885 240.000 -5.000 184.536
50.000 0.000 181.194 240.000 -5.400 184.782
50.000 5.000 181.044 260.000 0.000 184.581
50.000 5.700 181.500 260.000 5.000 184.431
50.000 -5.000 181.044 260.000 5.500 184.731
50.000 -10.600 178.928 260.000 -5.000 184.431
100.000 0.000 182.843 260.000 -10.700 182.167
100.000 5.000 182.963 280.000 0.000 184.384
100.000 16.600 190.416 280.000 5.000 184.234
100.000 -5.000 181.044 280.000 10.100 182.175
100.000 -8.500 185.023 280.000 -5.000 184.234
140.000 0.000 183.830 280.000 -16.800 179.531
140.000 5.000 183.680 300.000 0.000 184.141
140.000 21.100 194.446 300.000 5.000 183.991
140.000 -5.000 183.680 300.000 7.500 182.996
140.000 -12.300 188.539 300.000 -5.000 182.991
160.000 0.000 184.185 300.000 -13.600 180.570
160.000 5.000 184.035
160.000 22.800 195.934
160.000 -5.000 184.035
160.000 -12.900 189.321
200.000 0.000 184.620
200.000 5.000 184.470
200.000 18.000 193.126
200.000 -5.000 184.470
Tutorial 8
In this tutorial you will learn how to:

calculate the volume between two surfaces.
examine the model where discrepancies arise
select triangles, and swap triangle sides
Your client has come to you and informed you that he will soon be having
road construction materials delivered to his storage compound, and that he
will need you to calculate the volume of material available from time to
time.
You have sent the field party out immediately, and they have picked up the
area where the gravel will be stored, and this data is in job BSE supplied in
the Foresite\tutor folder.
Once the gravel has been dumped, the field party returned to the compound
and carried out a detail survey of the gravel heap. This information has been
supplied in job TOP in the ‘Foresite\tutor’ folder.
Start CDS/TRPS and use File Open ( or the Open Icon) to open Job db.bse
in the Foresite\tutor folder.
Next, use the Open command again to open db.top, also in the
‘Foresite\tutor’ folder.
The screen should appear as below left.
Now pull down the Window Menu, and select the Tile Vertical option.
Your screen should now appear as seen below right.
Job ‘top’ will be active, so pull down the Contour menu and select the
Surface Parameters option.
Change the major interval to 2.0 and the Minor interval to 0.5, then click
OK to close the parameter screen.
Now pull down the Contour menu again, and select Form Model.
The triangle will quickly form over the surface.
Once the triangles have been formed, pull down the Contour menu again,
and select Calculate Contours.
When the contours have been drawn you should elect to save them.
The screen should now appear as seen below.
Now you need to make

job ‘bse’ active.
Position the cursor
inside the window
containing job ‘bse’ and
press the left-hand
button on your mouse.
You will see the bar at

the top of the window
becomes coloured while
the corresponding bar in
the left-hand window is
greyed out.
Pull down the Contour menu and select the Surface Parameters option.
This job represents a reasonably flat base area, so if you are to see any
contours at all you should change the major interval to 1.0 and the Minor
interval to 0.2, then click OK to close the parameter screen.
Now pull down the Contour menu again, and select Form Model.
The triangles will quickly form over the surface.Once the triangles have
been formed, pull down the Contour menu again, and select Calculate
Contours.
When the contours have been drawn you should elect to save them.
The screen will now appear as seen below.
At this stage, both surfaces appear to have been successfully modelled, so it

is time to calculate the volumes.
Pull down the Contour Men u and select the Volume option.
As you can see in the

screen at right, you are
now offered three
options of how to
calculate the volumes,
and you should select
the Surface to Surface
option.
Once you select the Surface to Surface option, a screen similar to that below
will now appear.
Here you need to specify the Job, and the Surface within that job to be used
both as the base, and as the overlaid surface.
Note that with regard to the “Surface” while it is

possible to have a variety of different surfaces within
the one job, at this stage of your learning curve we
intend to concentrate on teaching you the processes
required, and so we will restrict the examples to using
a single surface in each job, so you need not be
concerned with this field.
In a later tutorial, once we have made you familiar with

the different process required, we will introduce you to
the concept of specifying different surfaces within a
job.
If you look at the screen in front of you, you will see that the base job is
already specified as ‘db.bse’ so no change is required.
However the overlay job is also shown as ‘bse’ and you will need to change
that to be job ’top’ to obtain a meaningful answer.
Select the Change button, and then select db.top from the Foresite\tutor
folder and select the Open button (or double click db.top).
At this stage we are not interested in Isopachs, and we want the volume
results displayed on the screen and saved to a file called “Pile1.txt”.
Check the “File” check box, and position your cursor in the File field and
enter “c:\foresite\tutor\pile1.txt” as the name of the file.
Once this has been

completed, select the
OK option and the
results will soon
appear as seen at right,
where the results
appear in Wordpad
showing an amount of
some 11,940 cubic
metres of material.
You might think you

can just print this out,
hand it to the client and collect your fee, however, before you do that it is
important that you look carefully at the results presented, and think about
what is being presented.
You will notice that the answer suggests that there is an amount of Cut of
almost 25 cubic meters in addition to the Fill volume presented.
Some people might be inclined to subtract that Cut amount from the Fill
amount to achieve a nett result.
This debit and credit scenario may be adequate accounting practice, but it is
appalling surveying practice, and it would be totally wrong in this case.
We know for a fact that the gravel was simply dumped on top of the base
surface, and that the base surface had not been disturbed before the dumping
took place.
In that case, quite simply there should not be any “cut” involved in the job,
so we need to look back at the surfaces , or more particularly the “Top”
surface, to see what has happened during our modelling process.
You should make sure you are logged on to job Top, and then set your
surface parameters to give a minor contour interval of 0.1 with a major
interval of 1.00.
Calculate Contours with

these values, and then
zoom in on the bottom
section of the job, as
seen in the screen at
right.
You should notice a

“slightly funny” contour
occurring on the bottom
right of the stockpile
(and also on the bottom
left if you look closely).
There is sufficient deviation from a well formed stockpile here to warrant a

closer look, so use the F8 key to turn the triangles on, and you will see that
the triangle sides in this area do not run from the crown of the heap down to
the base as you would expect.
If you now use F7 key to

turn the contours off,
you will see from the
screen at right that there
are at least three
triangles in the bottom
right corner which do
not represent material
falling from the crown
of the stockpile down to
the edge.
Likewise, in the bottom

left hand corner you have a similar situation. (and the same thing occurs in
the Top Left hand corner of the surface as well.)
Now, before you become excited and accuse the program of getting things
wrong, remember that it has never seen the job, so the answer it has
presented you with is mathematically perfect, even though practically

inappropriate.
It is up to you to reform these triangles to ensure that they are correct, and to
that end we have given you the tools under the Edit Model option on the
Contour menu.
You could go about correcting the triangles either by selecting all the
erroneous triangles. Deleting them and then using the Add Triangle option
to add the triangles in the configuration required.
Alternatively, you could select the two adjacent triangles formed by points
1048,1007, 1045 and 1045, 1007,1006 and then use the Swap Triangle
Sides option to make sure a triangle side runs from point 1048 to 1006.
Then you could do the next two adjacent triangles to get a triangle side from
1048 to 1005 and so on.
Likewise on the left-hand side you need to get a triangle side between point
1048 and 1040 before you have any chance of getting a valid answer.
Once you have fixed up these triangles, you model should appear as seen
below.
Next you should

concentrate on the top left
hand corner of the job to
perform a similar
correction exercise and
end up with a triangle side
from point 1054 down to
point 1026.
Once you have finished

with these major
corrections, you can run
the volume calc again, and you should get a result of 12,274 cubic metres of
fill, with still 6 metres of cut.
Now at this point, you need to consider whether you treat quantity surveys
as a precise science (which I do not), or whether you are prepared to live
with an “error” of around 0.05%.
And, before you panic about having work with an “error” in it, I strongly
suggest that you reflect for a moment on the nature of the process and ask
yourself whether it is ever practical in a field situation, to obtain an
“absolute volume”.
If you wish to strive for perfection, (and on this set of data it is probably
valid to do a little more fiddling around the edges) then I suggest you have a
close look along the edges of the stockpile. Look particularly around point
1007, 1008 and 1009, and swap triangle sides around where necessary, and
delete some extraneous triangle if you think it is warranted.
The point of this exercise is that the computer is merely a tool - it is NOT an
intelligent being, and it cannot analyse the answers for you.
You MUST NOT accept any answers which the computer gives you,
particularly in the area of volumes, without THINKING about the answers,
and their application to the real world you work in. It is your responsibility
to interpret the answers provided, and apply them to the data used.
Neither Foresight, nor its agents can or will accept any

responsibility for the answers YOU produce with the
software, or the manner in which you use those answers!!
CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02 Tutorial 9 Page -1
Tutorial 9
In this tutorial you will learn how to ;
♦ Use Volumes, To A Plane to calculate a stockpile volume.

♦ Use different surfaces within the one job.
♦ Calculate volumes between different surfaces in the one job.
You will find a job named “db.sse” has been supplied in the Foresite\tutor
folder.
Start CDS/TRPS, and use the File, Open command to open Job ‘db.sse’
The screen should appear as seen below.
As you can see from the screen there are four, or maybe five different
stockpiles within the one holding area, and in this tutorial you will learn how
to calculate the volume of material in each pile.
To start with, we will concentrate on the largest stockpile that is in the top
left of the screen.
To see the data more clearly, you should use Zoom, by either pressing Z, or
by selecting the Zoom Icon, and you should select a window similar to that
seen in the screen below left to get a screen similar to that below right.
There is not a lot which you can determine from the point numbers, however
the field party has coded all of the points, so you should turn the codes on to
see if they provide any guide to what we have.
Select the Layers icon, and set it to display the code, and the following
screen will appear.
You can now see that the field party has coded all the shots on the edge of
the first pile with a code of ‘ES1’, and the actual material in the pile is
coded ‘RD’ to indicate it is general road material.
Before we can calculate how much material is in the pile, we must first
determine the base on which it is sitting.
In Tutorial 7, you had the luxury of being able to actually do a survey of the
base before the material was dumped, but this has not occurred in this
situation. So, the only thing we can do here is to assume that there is a base
surface that is made up of all the points that are on the edge of the stockpile
i.e. the points coded ‘ES1’
Pull down the Contour menu and select Surface Parameters.
If you now select the tab which is titled Surface Point Selection the screen
will appear as seen below.
You will see that there

are three distinct areas
which will allow you to
determine the points to
be used by the Point
Number, their Code, or
their Layer.
In this case layers were

not used, and the point
numbers are scattered,
but the codes will allow
us to select efficiently.
Select the existing code range with your cursor, and then select the Edit
button.
A box will pop up to with fields for the Minimum and Maximum codes you
wish to use.
In this case you should enter ‘ES1’ in both fields and then select OK.
Now select OK to close down the Surface Point Selection window and
return to the main screen.
Now pull down the Contour menu and select Form Model.
The screen should appear as below, and you will see that the triangles have
been formed across the base of the stockpile, which is what we intended.
We now wish to
determine the volume
between this surface and
an arbitrary datum plane
below it, so pull down
the Contour menu, select
the Volume option, and
select the option “To a
Plane’.
The screen shown below

left will appear, and you
should fill in a value of
the plane of 350, then
click OK, and the results will be displayed in Wordpad, as seen in the screen
below right.
You should make a note of the area of 4625.812 square metres, and the
volume of 40436.019 cubic metres, or you may print it out if you wish.
Now you need to model the whole of the pile, and determine the volume
above the same plane, so pull down the Contour menu, and select Surface
Parameters, then select the Surface Point Selection Tab as before.
Now select the code range, and then click on the Add button.
When the pop up box appears, enter the Code ‘RD’ in both fields and press
OK.
Your screen should appear as seen below, indicating the surface you want is
the one that has points with Code ‘ES1’ and points with Code ‘RD’.
Close the Surface Point Selection screen by selecting OK.
Now pull down the Contour menu and select Form Model.
The screen should appear as below, and this time you can see that the model
includes all of the points in the first stockpile.
NOTE : when you use this, or any other method of

calculating volumes with your own data, it is
important that you understand that the contours
formed must accurately represent the surfaces you
are using, otherwise the volumes you produce will
NOT be accurate.
So, here you should

now Calculate
Contours and allow
them to be saved, and
the screen should
appear as at right.
Since you did not do

the job. it is difficult to
know whether these
contours are correct or
not, but if your screen
appears the same as
the one at right you have got it right.
There is a small disturbance to the wall of the pile at about the 5 o’clock
mark, and that is quite correct as a loader had been taking material from that
area before the survey was done.
Now that you have the surface accurately modelled, you should calculate the
volume to the plane, so pull down Contour, select Volume, and To a Plane,
and enter the value of 350 for the plane.
The screen should appear as below.

The first thing you should do is check the figure presented for Total Area. If
it is not the same as the value you calculated when you did the base surface,
something has gone wrong, and you are not projecting the same areas onto
the plane.
In this case, the areas agree, so the volume of 52171.391 can be used.
If you now subtract the volume of the base, of 40436.019 from this figure
you will get the amount of material that is in the pile.
Be careful when presenting these figures to a client, and don’t get carried
away and specify a volume such as this to three decimal places, because it is
simply not physically possible to locate the pile to that sort of accuracy in
the field.
So, in this instance a value of 11,735 cubic metres is more than accurate
enough, and it is probably arguable that it is gilding the lily a little to specify
down to the last 5 cubic meters over an area of this size.
And yes I know that your client will argue that you
need to report every cubic spoonful to minimise the
amount payable if the principal briefs you, or to
maximise it if you work for the contractor. You need to
carefully consider your own professional integrity, and
be wary of being drawn into wasteful arguments over
trivial differences in volumes which are simply not
measurable under normal field conditions.
When an argument arises over quantities, it is

recommended that first you take a simple “reality
check” to see how accurately they were, or could have
been measured in the first place. If the amount being
argued over falls within the normal ‘error ellipse’ for
work of this kind you might consider whether you
should advise the warring parties to split the difference
and get on with something constructive.
If you now examine your data, you will see the pile at the bottom of the area
has the edge points coded as ‘ES2’ and the material itself coded as ‘20mm’
indicating 20 millimetre screened blue metal, and if you wish you can
substitute these values in the procedure above and obtain a volume, but we
will do it by an alternative means.
Using Different Surfaces
With CDS/TRPS you now have the capability of assigning different sets of
points to different surface within the same job, and we will use this facility
now to set up the base of stockpile 2 as Surface 2, and the whole of
stockpile 3 as Surface 3.
At this stage, there is no facility to add names or descriptions to the surfaces

but that will appear in later versions of the software.
Pull down the Contour menu and select Surface Parameters.
If you look to the right at the top of the screen you will see a button titled
Add, and you should select it.
The following screen will appear.
Select the Natural

button, since all the
points you are dealing
with are natural surface
points, and then click
OK.
This will now create a

second natural surface
called Surface 2, and
what appears on it will
be determined by what
you specify in the
Surface Point Selection screen.
Click on the Surface Point Selection tab, and then pull down the Surface
options and select Surface 2.
Now Select the code range presented, and then select Edit, and enter a code
of ‘ES2’ in both fields.
Press OK, and this will save away Surface 2 as the base of the second
stockpile.
Check that Surface 2 is selected on the Surface Parameters screen, and when
it is, close the screen.
Now zoom extents so you can see the whole job, and Zoom a window
around the stockpile at the bottom of the screen.
Now pull down the Contour menu and select Form Model, and your screen
should appear similar to
that below.
Now it is time to set up

the whole of the
stockpile as Surface 3,
so pull down the
Contour Menu and
select Surface
parameters.
Choose the Add button ,

select Natural and click
OK to save away
Surface 3.
Now select Surface Point Selection, and select Surface 3 on that screen.
Click on the existing code range, and use Add to add another range of codes
with a value of ‘20MM’.
Your codes for Surface 3 should now have one line specifying a code of
‘ES2’ and a second line specifying a code of ‘20MM’.
Close the screen, and ensure that Surface 3 is current on the Surface
parameters screen. Close that screen, and then use Form Model, followed by
Calculate Contours, and save the contours away.
The screen should

appear as at right
Now that you have

separate surfaces
defining the base and the
entirety of the stockpile,
you can determine the
volume in this pile by
using the Surface to
Surface method.

menu and select Volumes, followed by Surface to Surface.
When the screen

appears, you need to
change the Base Surface
to be Surface 2 and the
Overlay Surface to be
Surface 3, so your
screen will be similar to
that at right.
Now you should select

the OK button, and the
volumes will be calculated and the answers displayed as seen below.
From these results you

would report that there
is 2530 cubic metres of
20 millimetre blue metal
available in the yard.
If you now Zoom extents,

and then Zoom a window
around the small pile
immediately to the right of
the first pile we
calculated, you will see a
screen similar to that at
right.
You will see that all the

points have been given the
same code, so it is
impossible to differentiate the base from the pile using the codes.
Select your Layers screen, and set it to display Point Numbers.
You will now see that points 234 to 243 inclusive make up the edge of the
pile, and points 234 to 246 inclusive represent the pile itself.
Now you need to select the Surface Parameters option, and Add another
Natural Surface ( Surface 4).
While you are there, Add Surface 5 as well.
Now select the Surface Point Selection screen, and set it to Surface 4.
You need to specify a Point range from 234 to 243 for this surface.
Save the parameters and form the model for Surface 4.
Now select the Surface Point Selection screen again, and set it to Surface 5.
Specify a range of points from 234 to 246 and save it away.
Make sure Surface 5 is selected in the Surface Parameters screen, and then
form the model, and calculate and save the contours.
You should get a result similar to that shown below.
If you do, and you then calculate the volumes between Surface 4 and
Surface 5, you should come up with an answer of around 126 cubic metres.
Note that once you have modelled and contoured the various surfaces, you
can get them back on the screen simply by selecting the surface you wish to
see on the Surface Parameters screen.
There is no need to re-model or re-contour.

CDS/TRPS Version 1.02 Tutorial 10 Page - 1
Tutorial 10
♦ Interpolate a simple profile between two points.

♦ Interpolate a profile through a number of points.
♦ Interpolate a profile along a string.
♦ Interpolate profiles and sections along a string.
In this tutorial we are going to do some more work on the data we used in
Tutorial 4, so after you start up CDS/TRPS you should Open Job "BDY" in
the Foresite\tutor folder, and then Maximise the window showing Job BDY.
At this stage you should see a screen like the one below.
Your client is a city

solicitor who has
bought this property
with a view to building
a country retreat, and
she wishes to establish
a site for a home in the
general area of Point
139 .
You need to determine

a suitable access road
to this area from the
Main Road which runs
from Point 203 up to Point 239.
For your first task, you need to get some idea of the profile along the
frontage to the main road so you can determine a likely driveway.
Since you only need a general picture to start with, you can achieve this
easily by interpolating a simple profile
Simple Profile.
You should pull down the Contour menu and highlight Interpolate, and you
will be presented with a list of options as seen in the screen below.
If you select the option

titled Simple Profile,
you will see that the
Status bar prompts you
to "Use mouse to click
in two points for the
profile"
All that is required for

a simple profile is the
two end points, so you
should position your
cursor near Point 203
and press the left
mouse button. Now move your cursor up and place it over Point 239, and
again press the left mouse button.
You will have noticed that a line was drawn showing where the profile
would be taken as you moved the cursor, and once you selected the second
end point, the profile is calculated instantly and displayed as seen in the
screen at right.
You can see the general

lie of the land from the
profile shown in the
graphic window, and
you can also look at the
values shown in the
window below.
Here you see that if you

wish to provide the
client with an access
with the best possible
view of traffic on the
main road you should start the access at the high point which is around point
241.
(And yes I know you might have worked that out from looking at the heights
of the points, but you wouldn't have learnt what a simple profile does if you
just did that).
If you wish, in your own jobs, you may store away these interpolated points
by assigning a Road Number, and a layer and code if applicable, and then
pressing the OK+Save button.
Here we have no need of saving the information, so press cancel and move
on.
Multi Profile.
Now your client has told you that the local fire authority require her to
provide a firebreak along the boundaries of her block, and she thinks that
she may be able to use her access road as a firebreak.
To achieve this she would like to see the feasibility of a road parallel to the
southern boundary.
As a first look at the possibility of this scenario, you should look at a profile
starting near Point 241, running across to the boundary near Point 229, and
then following around roughly parallel to the boundary until you get around
near the proposed house site near Point 139.
You should pull down the Contour Menu, highlight the Interpolate option
and select Multi Profile.
You will see the status bar tells you to "Use mouse to click in points for
profile, Press Enter to finish".
What this means in more common English is that you should “sketch” where
you want the profile taken by moving your cursor around the screen and
“clicking in” a point wherever you want the profile to change direction.
Then, when you have completed your “sketch”, you press the Enter key on
the keyboard to indicate to the program that no more points will be supplied.
Note that a Multi Profile is made up of straight lines only, and if you need
curves to define your profile you should calculate the required alignment
points, add them to a string and use the String Profile option.
So, following this cryptic instruction, put your cursor over Point 241 and
press the left mouse button.
Now move the cursor

across to near Point
229 and again press
the left button. You
will see the line drawn
to show where the
profile will be taken.
Now, you can simply

"click in points" to
keep the profile line
roughly parallel to the
boundary as seen in
the screen at right.
Remember, the principle application of this option is for a quick preliminary

profile, so we are not interested in millimetre accuracy at this stage.
Once you have 'sketched' the position of the profile and positioned the
cursor over Point 139 you should press the Enter key to terminate the multi
profile.
The program will now

calculate the
interpolated points for
you, and display them
as seen in the screen at
right.
If you examine the

graphic representation
of the profile, you will
see that apart from a
creek crossing near the main road, there doesn't appear to be any major
impediment to taking an access road around this route.
While no grades are shown at this stage, you can if you wish scroll down
through the values shown in the table, and do quick mental 'sums' from the
chainages and heights shown and you will find that there are no particularly
large grades to be found.
If you wished, you could store away this profile by assigning it a Road
Number and a Start Point ( and possibly a layer and point code ) and then
plot it out, however, since it is only a first look we will not save it in this
exercise.
Now that we have established that there is no major impediment to a road

along this southern boundary, we should try and establish a proposed route
for the road a little more precisely than simply sketching as we have done.
Your client has advised that she would like to have the road "about 20
metres off the fence", so we have determined some bearings and distances
for you to use to calculate the position of the centre of the road. We hope
that in this location the road will also satisfy the firebreak requirements.
Use the Cogo option Bearing and Distance which you learnt how to use in
Tutorial 1B to calculate the following points
From Point To Point Bearing Distance
230 300 325 20
231 301 305 20
128 302 335 20
130 303 350 20
133 304 10 20
136 305 10 20
Once your points have all been calculated, you need to create a string to
define the preliminary centreline of the road.
Pull down the Strings Menu and select the option titled Add. When the Add
Strings Dialogue box appears, type in a folder name of 'road' and a string
ID of 'cl'
You can either point to the points with the cursor, or type in a string
definition which will be 241, 300.305,139.
Note here that we

have used the
expression 300.305
to indicate a
sequence of points
starting at 300 and
counting by one to
get to 305.
If you are clicking
points in with the
cursor, you would
need to select
300,301,302,303,304
,305.
Once you press OK, the string will appear as seen above.
String Profile
Pull down the Contour menu and highlight the Interpolate option, and this
time select the option tilted String Profile.
The screen will

appear as seen at
right.
You should pull

down the Folder
button and select the
Road folder.
Then Pull down the

ID field, and select
the string called “cl”.
Now set a Road number of 1
At this point in time, select the button at the bottom of the screen titled
‘Refresh Table’, and you will see the table now appears as seen below.
This indicates that

you will interpolate a
level at even 20
metre intervals, as
well as at the points
you have included in
the string.
This is more than

adequate for this
stage of the
investigation, so
select the Show
button, and the screen will appear as below.
If you wished to save

only the profile away,
you could do so at this
point, however we
won't bother at this
stage. Since we are
vaguely satisfied with
this location, we will
go on and take some
sections to go with the
profile, and store them
all at the one time.
Profiles and
Sections.
If you pull down the Contour menu, highlight Interpolate, and select Profiles
and sections, you will find a screen appears which is remarkably similar to
the one you saw when you selected String Profile.
In fact, it is exactly the same screen, with the principal difference being that
the program automatically fills in a default value of 25 for the fields titled
Go Left and Go Right when you indicate you need sections. (this will give
you sections which are 50 metres wide)
You should again pull down the Folder field and select the Road folder and
then pull down the ID field and select “cl”, or you can point to the string if
you wish. Remember too to set your Road Number to 1
You can fill in a layer name to suit your purposes, and here we have used a
layer name of “interp” to distinguish these interpolated points from the
others in the database.
Once you select the “Refresh Table” button, you will see that the screen
appears as seen below.
Note that if you wish

to have different width
sections interpolated,
you can simply change
the values for Go Left
and Go Right.
The sections do not

need to be
symmetrical, so you
might wish to have
sections which extend
15 metres on the left
and 10 metres on the right.
You may also specify

a different interval to
interpolate sections at
if you wish by
changing the value in
the Fields titled ‘Xs on
St’ & ‘Xs on Crv’
When you select

Show, the sections will
be calculated, and the
screen will appear as
at right.
This time you will see that a cross section is displayed, as well as the profile,
and you can use the Next & Previous buttons to move backwards and
forwards through the cross sections to inspect what has been interpolated.
Once you are satisfied that the sections are all vaguely satisfactory, you
should press the OK+Save key, and the Points will be stored in the database.
If you then Cancel the table screen to return to the job, you will see the
points have been stored in the database as seen in the screen below.
Note that all these

interpolated points will
be stored on a layer by
themselves (called
‘interp’ or whatever
name you chose to
use) and you can use
the Layer control to
determine how of if
they are displayed.

now pull down the
Road menu and proceed to plot out details of Road 1 using the techniques
that you learnt in Tutorial 5.
Just to show you what

will appear, if you
look at the screen at
right, you will see
what appears when the
Road routine
commences.
Here it is showing you

the plan view of all the
points that you have on
road 1.
Refer to Tutorial 5 to reinforce how you apply the techniques you learnt
there to display the profile and section tiled together, and how to achieve a
plot of both profile and sections.
Except for
these words
this page
is meant
to be
blank
Tutorial 11
The purpose of this tutorial is to teach you how to
• Calculate chainage and offset from coordinates.
• Filter chainages to produce regular sections.
• Alter points not on regular chainages.
Why Do You need to Learn this?.
Traditionally, a large amount of data for road, rail, channel canal etc. design
has been collected in cross section format, and these sections have been
used as the basis for design.
Often the field work was done using a level, staff and a tape, and the
readings were booked down as being at a particular Chainage along the
alignment, and at a particular offset square to it.
In fact, only in the most fanatical of field parties would the readings actually
be taken square off the alignment, but nevertheless, countless thousands of
structures world wide have been successfully designed from the data
provided.
With the advent of electronic measuring equipment and total stations, it is

now common to take these cross sections with a prism pole instead of a
staff, and the end result is that the data is reduced to a set of X,Y,Z
coordinates rather than the customary Chainage, Offset and RL.
However many methods of design are still based on the traditional cross
sections, and this tutorial will show you how to provide the cross sections
required.
Start CDS/TRPS, and use File, Open to bring up Job SNP which has been
provided in the Foresite\tutor Folder..
Close whatever Job you had up before, and Maximise the window so you
can see a screen similar to that below.
As you can see we

have a series of points
which are
approximately
perpendicular to the
string down the centre,
and it is clear that they
are meant to be cross
sections.
In this case the field

surveyor actually
marked the centreline
every 20 metres, and
then took cross sections at those marks, so the sections are quite regular.
The Centreline points have been joined together by a String with an ID of

CL which is in the Folder LOTS.
Now that you are familiar with the layout of the job, we can start on the
process of getting the points shown in plan view to appear in profile and
section.
For this to happen, each point must have a chainage and offset, and if a
cross section is to be presented, there must be at least two points with
exactly the same chainage.
If you press the “?” key

to do a Query on the
points in the job, you
will find that the first
point presented is Point
2, and inspection will
show that there are zero
values for Chainage and
Offset as seen at right.
If you use the Next

button to scroll through
some of the points you
will see that none of the points have chainage or offset values, so our first
step is to calculate some.
You will also note that a line is drawn from the bottom left hand corner of
the screen to the point to help you identify its location.
Calculate Chainage & Offset from Coordinates.

This routine is a Road Utility, so select the Road option on the menu bar to
bring up the Road Window.
You will notice that the screen within the Roadworks window is blank at
this point.
This is because this screen is designed to show the plan view of the points
which are on the current road, i.e. points with chainage and offset, and as yet
we have no points which satisfy this criteria.
Now pull down the

Road menu from within
the Roadworks window,
and highlight Utilities as
seen in the screen
shown at Left.
If you now select the

option to Calculate
Chainage and Offset
from Coords, a screen
will appear as seen on
top of the next page.
If you work down from the top, the first entry field is for Folder, and here
you need to type in the folder name of “LOTS” which is where the
centreline string was stored..
Next, Pull down the String ID, and you will see there is only the ID of CL
shown so select it.
Next you need to decide

which points to calculate
chainages and offsets
for, and if this case we
need All points, so
select the Radio Button
adjacent to All.
The offset of the String

is zero since the string
we are using is the
centreline, so no action
is needed in this case.
Likewise, our start chainage is zero, so we can move past that field.
You will see the Offset Limits have large numbers both left and right and in
this case they are appropriate.
The offset limit is used in determining which points in a database belong to

which road, or in the case of a road which twists and turns and doubles back
on itself, it can determine which is the correct chainage.
Basically, if you know that the field party did not collect a point any more
than 30 metres from the centreline, you can set a negative and positive value
of 30, and only points which fall within that longitudinal envelope will be
allocated to the road.
You will now see the Check Box for Allocate Road Number, and you should
select it so a tick appears, and enter a value of 1 into the field to put all these
points on Road 1.
The purpose of road numbers is to allow you to have different sets of

profiles and sections in the one job, such as when you have two roads
intersecting.
All the points can appear on the plan, but you need to differentiate which
points belong to which road when you come to plot profiles and sections.
Once all these fields have been completed as described, you should select
the OK button, and you will see the “Please Wait” bar flash as the
calculations take place, and you will now be returned to the Road Window.
If you Press Z for zoom,

followed by E for
Extents, you will now
see points appear within
the roadworks window
as seen at left.
This means we have the

makings of a road as all
the points now have
some chainages and
offsets.
At this stage of proceedings you should Maximise the roadworks window

since we will be dealing exclusively with profiles and sections for the
remainder of the tutorial.
You now wish to see a profile, so pull down the Road Menu, highlight
Display and Plotting and Select Display Profile.
Note that since the profile parameters default to the centreline on Road 1
until you tell them otherwise, you can skip the parameters option and go
direct displaying profile if you wish to see the centreline.
The screen should

In this case, everything

looks fine, so we can
proceed on to look at
the cross sections.
If you pull down the

Road menu again, and
attempt to display
Sections, you will find
a window for the
sections will appear, but that it is blank, and trying the Next button will not
produce any results either.
Close down the cross section window since it is no use at the moment, and
we will find out where the sections are.
If you use the “?” key to Query the points in the database, and then use the
Next button to move through some of the points while concentrating on the
Chainage field, you will see that no two chainages are the same.
While you will see values of 0.000, and 0.006 and -0.032 and 0.057 and the
like, you will see that these values do not, as they stand, make of a cross
section of chainage 0.000, because computers live in an artificial world
where things are meant to be perfect.
However, we carry out surveys in the real world, where we intended all
those values to appear on the cross section at 0.000, and the fact that the
pole was a few centimetres off perfect square is well within the acceptable
tolerances of this type of work.
Since it is not possible, nor required, to locate the points on the cross section
to millimetre accuracy, we now need to run another routine which tells the
program what allowance we are prepared to make for the natural wanderings
of the chainman as she walks across the section
We do this by applying a Chainage Filter (Snap in previous versions).

If you pull down the Road menu, highlight Natural Criteria, and Select
Chainage Filter, as screen will appear as seen below.
Chainage Filter
In this case we have a
road which starts at
chainage 0, and runs for
over 300 metres.
The surveyor has picked

up sections every 20
metres.
So, fill in the table with

start chainage of 0, and
end chainage of 400,
and an interval of 20
You should now have your cursor in the column headed Bandwidth.
The bandwidth is simply the distance from the exact chainage which you are
prepared to allow as an acceptable amount, taking into consideration the
field conditions.
In this case, we feel that the chainman should have been able to keep himself
within 1 metre of square off, so enter 1.00 for a bandwidth.
Now select the Snap button, and the calculation will take place and return
you to the road window.
Now pull down the Road menu again, highlight Display and Plotting and
select Display Sections.
This time the section screen will appear with a display of the cross section at
Chainage 0.00 as seen below.
As you can see, the

section is now at
Chainage 0.00 and it
appears as a full
section which is what
we required.
Press the Next button

to display Ch 20, and
again for 40, then
again for 60, and once
more for 80.
Except, instead of 80, you will get a strange little display at Chainage
71.002.
What we have here is a situation where the surveyor has picked up detail
information between cross sections. In this case, he has found the outlet of a
pipe at this location, and collected a ground level, then top and invert of
pipe
Once there are two or more points with the same chainage, the program is
happy to consider that they might be a valid section and display them for
you. What is displayed will also be plotted when you come to plot out the
sections, and this is not what we want.
If you take the trouble to continue reviewing the data, you will find there are
more of these types of thing at 108.46 and 328.43 to name a couple.
What we need to do is to arrange for these items which are needed for detail
information, and on the plan view, do not appear on our cross sections of
Road 1.
To achieve this we will use the Editing facilities contained in the main
CDS/TRPS window.
If you look on your Task Bar that is the bottom bar on the screen you will
see adjacent to the start button there are entries for FW, and for Foresight
Road.
Select the FW bar, and you will be returned to the main CDS/TRPS graphic
screen.
Pull down the Points menu, highlight Select, and choose Select by Range.
A screen will appear

as seen at right
You need to select the

Check Box for
chainage, and in the
field type in
71~72,108~109,328~3
29 to indicate you
wish to select all
points in the range of
chainages which we no
longer wish to appear
on Road 1.
Press OK and you will see some points change colour to indicate they are
selected.
Now pull down Points again, and Select Alter.

A screen will appear as below, and all you need to do is to add an amount to
Road number so that the selected points are no longer on Road 1.
While you could choose any number, it is good practice to get into the habit
of using one particular Road Number for the storage of points that you do
not wish to appear on the profiles and sections.
You may wish to choose a road number of 99, in which case you would Add
a constant of 98, or if you feel that a road number of 88 might bring good
fortune, add a constant of 87.
Once you select OK, the road number of the offending points will be altered
so that they will no longer interfere with your plotting of sections.
You should now select the Task Bar entry for Foresight Roadworks to return
to the Road Window.
You can now use the techniques from Tutorial 5 to set up plot parameters,
and plot out a profile and sections if you wish.
Except for
these words
this page
is meant
to be
blank
Tutorial 12
In this exercise you will learn how to
• Enter and calculate the ‘frame’ points to define a road alignment.
• Define the string through those points.
• Calculate coordinates of points entered from a level sheet.
• Contour the co-ordinated points.
Why Do You Need to Learn This?

When points are picked up with a Level and tape, you bring back Chainage,
Offset and Height which is all the values you need to draw Profiles and
Sections.
However, since you do not have east or north coordinates, you cannot draw
a plan, or contour the points.
Here we will show you how to calculate coordinates for this type of data, so
that when all your electronic equipment is off on a major project, and you
best client phones up with an urgent need to get out contour plan of a small
length of road, you will be able to dust off the automatic level and help him.
Before you can carry out these calculations, you must know the Alignment
which these sections are meant to follow.
This is usually defined by a centreline, but can also be a control line offset
from the centreline, as long as the offset is constant.
The drawing on top of the next page shows you the alignment of the data
collected and used in Tutorial 5.
You should Start CDS/TRPS and Open Job EX5 in the Foresite\tutor folder.
Close the Job that was previously open, and Maximise the screen.
Do not be alarmed if the screen is blank, because if you remember from

Tutorial 5, we had no coordinates, and without coordinates, the program has
nothing to display on this screen.
Now the first thing to do is to enter the given coordinates of Point 1, which
is the centreline point on our first section.
Add a Known
Coordinate
Use the “?” key to bring
up the Add/Edit/Query
window, and Point 1 will
be displayed as seen in the
screen at right.
If you look at its Chainage

and Offset you should
confirm that it has a
chainage of 840 and an
offset of 0, so it is the suspect we are looking for, so we need to give it the

coordinates as seen on the plan.
Simply position the cursor in the East field and type in 17639.42.
Now Tab to the North field and type in 2746.079.
Now select OK.
You will be asked if you wish to save the changes, and you should select
Yes.
Having established a coordinate for the starting point of the alignment we

will now use the calculation routines to calculate the remaining points.
Calculate with Bearing and Distance
Pull down the Cogo menu and select Bearing and Distance
The from Point is 1 and

the Bearing is 53.1736.
Enter the distance of 200,

and then position the
cursor in the field which
says New Point.
From the alignment

diagram, you see that the
point on the centreline of
the cross section at
Chainage 1040 is point 33, so enter 33 for the new point.
Select Apply, and a window will appear informing you that Point 33 is
already in the database.
We are aware of that, and the function of this exercise is to give it some
coordinates, which will in fact recalculate its position in terms of the plan
view.
Select the radio button

titled Recalculate, and
then press OK.

bearing and distance calc
is ready to move on from
point 33 which is fine.
Position the cursor in the

Bearing field where
53.1736 is still showing.
The bearing from the TP to the centre of a curve is at right angles to the
straight, so press ‘R’ and you will see that the bearing has 90 added to it.
Set the distance to 300, the new point number to 501 and select apply, and
point 501 will be stored.
Now Cancel the Bearing and distance routine.
Arc & Chord Calcs
Pull down Cogo and highlight Curves, and then select Arc/Chord
calculations.
The centre Point is 501, and the start point on the radius is 33
Leave “Absolute” and “Arc” selected and the clockwise box checked.
The Arc length is 120, and

the new point is number 49.
When you apply this you

will again be told that the
point exists, so again select
the Recalculate option.
Now Zoom Extents to get a

view of the whole job.
Next you need to pull down Cogo, and select Bearing and Distance again.
From point is 49.
Position the cursor in the bearing field.
You are not shown expressly what the bearing you need is, but you have
sufficient information to arrive at it as follows.
The bearing you need is at right angles to the line between Points 501 and
49.
Press the “P” key, click on point 501, followed by 49, and you will see the
bearing between those two points appear. Press the “R” key and you will see
the bearing alter by 90° to 76° 12’ 42”.
Note, if you are not pointing to the points, you can type in 501,49 and then
press the Tab or Enter key to get the original bearing. Then move the cursor
back up into the Bearing field and press R.
The Distance is 80 and the new Point number is 61, and when you apply,
you can again recalculate.
Next position your cursor in the bearing field, and this time press the “L”
key to take 90 from the bearing shown.
Enter a Distance of 250 and a Point Number of 502 and apply.
Next close bearing and

distance, pull down
Cogo and highlight
Curves and select
Arc/Chord.
The centre point is 502,

the start point is 61, and
you must make sure that
the Counter Clockwise
button is selected. The
Arc length is 160 and
the new point is 85
which you will need to recalculate.
Next do another Bearing and Distance calculation from 85.
Use ‘P’ in the bearing field to specify the bearing between Points 85 and
502, and press ’R’’ to add 90 to this value.
Enter a distance of 40 to a new point number of 90 which you will need to

recalculate.
Now you have finished the calculation of all the alignment points it is time
to define the alignment string.
Adding the Alignment String
Pull down the Strings Menu and select Add.
Pull down the folder field and select “lots” which is the only folder offered.
Enter an ID of “cl”, and then define the string s 1,33,+501,49,61,-502,85,90.
The screen will now be

similar to that seen at
right.
Select OK and you have

saved away the alignment.
Now select the Road

option to open the Road
window.
Pull down the Road menu

within the road Window, highlight Utilities and Select calculate Coordinates
from Chainage and Offset.
Calculate Coordinates from Chainage & Offset
The screen will now appear as below.
Pull down the Folder

field and select
‘Lots”
Now pull down the

ID field, and select
CL
Select All points to

be calculated Then
select OK
Once the calculation is complete, you should see a screen similar to that
shown on the left below.
You are now finished with the Road window, so close it down, and the
screen will appear as shown on the right above. (If as sometimes happens, it
doesn’t appear exactly like it is supposed to, don’t panic - simply do a Zoom
Extents and all should be well.
Form the Contours

Now, since we set out to prove that we could get a contour plan of points
which you picked up with a dumpy level in cross section format, you should
pull down the Contour menu and select Surface Parameters.
Since you have a

couple of concave
areas, it is wise to limit
the maximum triangle
side to prevent the
formation of unwanted
contours, so set a
value of 90 metres.
Next form the model,

and then calculate
contours to achieve the
screen below.
CDS Version 1.02 Tutorial 13 Page 1
Tutorial 13
NOTE: This Tutorial covers Design Functions that are not included in the
TRPS package. It is designed only for those of you who are using the CDS
package.
In this Tutorial you will learn

♦ To locate a Design Platform horizontally within a model.
♦ To set the platform at a desired design height.
♦ To apply batter slopes from the edge of the platform to the model.
♦ To calculate the volume on material to be moved to construct the
platform.
♦ To adjust the design height of the platform to balance the earthworks.
Base data has been supplied in a Job with an ID of "PAD"

Start CDS and use File Open to open db.pad located in the Foresite\tutor
folder
seen below.

menu, and use Surface
Parameters to make sure the
Natural Surface is current.
Next form the model and

contour the surface which
should appear
as below.
The client requires us to

position a level pad with
dimensions 180 metres by
100 metres to use for
standing a dragline, and the
earthworks should be close
to balanced with a small
excess of cut being
preferable.
Page 2 Tutorial 13 CDS Version 1.02
In this instance we have examined an existing contour plan of the site, and in
the time honoured method of design we have pencilled in a rough area
where we would like to place a pad, and scaled off one of the corners.
The bottom left hand corner of the pad should have coordinates of East
8690 and North 7540 and the long side of the pad is on a bearing of 330
degrees.
As a preliminary estimate, we think that a finished level of the pad of 225

might be somewhere near the mark.
How you arrive at the horizontal location of your pad is largely irrelevant,
and beyond the scope of these tutorials to deal with ... all that is important is
that you locate it somewhere.
Our first task is to calculate the points on the corners of our proposed pad,
and give them our trial RL of 225.
Use the Modes Icon (or F9) to pull down the Modes Screen.
Now select the Tab titled

Modes-Input, and the
screen at right should
appear.
Move the cursor down to

the line "Prompt for
Design Height", and select
the radio button titled
Constant. Now enter a
constant value of 225.
Now press OK to return to
the CDS screen,
Pull down the Points menu and select Add Points - you will notice that your
cursor changes to a cross.
Position it somewhere on the model and select a point.
When the Add/Edit/Query box appears, enter a Point Number of 500, and
Easting of 8690, Northing of 7540 and a Design Height of 225.
Select OK, and Point 500 will appear on the screen.
Now pull down the Points menu and turn Add Points Off and the cursor will
revert to the normal pointing arrow.
Next pull down the Cogo menu and select Calculate by Bearing and
Distance to see the screen below right
Enter 500 as the point to start from followed by 330 for the bearing and 180
for the distance. Select Apply and you will see point 501 appear.
To get the next point,

position the cursor in the
“bearing” field and press
the ‘R’ key to add 90
degrees to the current
bearing.
Tab to the Distance filed

and enter 100, then
select Apply to create
Point 502.
Again move to the bearing field, press ‘R’ and then enter the distance of 180
and Apply to create point 503, which is the final corner of our pad.
It is a requirement that the pads are defined in a String Folder with a name
of "PAD".
Pull down the Strings Menu and select Add.
Drag the Strings box down to the bottom right hand corner so it is clear of
the area where the pad is located
Type in ‘pad’ for the folder name.
Note that it doesn’t matter whether you try and use upper case or lower case,
the program will convert everything to lower case as you enter the Folder
name. This is necessary to avoid some slight confusion between file or
folder naming conventions in different version of Windows.
Use an ID of P1 and accept the default pen and linetype

Move the cursor into the string entry field, and either type in the string
500,501,502,503,500, or use your mouse to select the points.
At the end of the process

your screen should be
similar to the one shown
adjacent.
Once you have finished

adding in the string to
define the pad, pull down
the Contour Menu, Select
the option titled Design
Surfaces, and then the
option titled Create
Design Platforms.
The screen will appear as below.
The first field is Next

Point, and here I suggest
you use point number 600.
It is always a good idea to

put different ‘groups’ of
points in readily
identifiable number ranges
for future reference, it
makes it easy to select
these pad points if you
know that all the design
points are numbered
between 600 and 700 for example.
The next field is Distance between Points, and I suggest a value of 10 is

suitable.
If you leave this distance at 0, the program will only calculate points
opposite each of the corners, and you will learn to vary this distance
depending on the shape of the pad and the nature of the underlying surface.
Next fill in both Cut and Fill batters with “1:2” to indicate that you want a 1
in 2 or 2 to 1 or 50% batter slope to be applied.
Once you select OK, the calculation will take place and the screen will be
redrawn showing the newly calculated points, and the string or strings
defining the toes or tops of the batters.
Now pull down the

Contour menu, and
select Surface
parameters.
Select the button

on the right hand
side titled Add, and
the screen will
appear as below.
Select the radio

button titled
Design to indicate
that it is a design surface which we wish to add and then select OK.
Now select the Reset

button towards the
bottom right of the
Surface parameters
screen to tell the
program to scan the
database and find all
the Design points in
the current job.

the Minimum RL
displays 216 and the
Maximum RL displays 232.
Unfortunately it seems that the minimum and maximum contour values

don’t always pay attention to the Reset button at this stage of their career, so
make sure these value are set to below 216 and above 233 to ensure you get
a full complement of contours.
Note that one you use the reset button, particularly with a design surface,
there is no need to use the Surface Point Selection screen since all the design
points are selected automatically.
Select OK on the parameters screen to save the changes.
Now pull down the Contour Menu and Form the Model.
Next Calculate the

Contours and if you let
them save, you should end
up with a display as
shown at right.
If you do not have

contours resembling those
in the screen then you
need to go back and re-
trace your steps until you
do.
Once the Design contours are satisfactory, you need to determine a

volume of earth to be moved to construct this pad.
Pull down the Contour Menu, select Volumes, and the select Surface to
Surface.
The Base Surface is

Surface 1 which is the
natural Surface, and you
will need to change the
Overlay surface to be
Surface 2 which is your
design surface at the
moment.
The screen should appear

as seen at right.
Once you have the surfaces correctly assigned, press the OK button, and you
will soon see the answer appear in Wordpad which reveals some 50,000
metres of fill and 13,000 metres of cut.
It is obvious that we have far too much fill in this instance, so we need
to drop the proposed level of the pad.
The first thing you need to do is to delete the points that were calculated for
the first attempt at the pad since they are no longer useful.
So, pull down the Points menu and pick the Select option. Then choose
Select by Range.
The following screen will

appear, and the easiest
way to achieve the range
you need is to select the
All button on the Point
Number line, then alter the
start of the range to be
600.
Whichever way you elect

to so it, you need to have
the screen exactly as seen
at right before you select OK.
You will see all the selected points appear in dark numbers.
Pull down the Points menu again, and this time select the Delete option.
All the selected points will now be deleted from the screen.
Note that there is no longer a question asking if you are sure, because we
have built in an OOPS function which will allow you to recover deleted
points but only if you do it before you exit from the job.
You should also note that even though the design points are gone from the
job, the design contours will still be displayed until you form them again.
Now, in an attempt to balance the cut and fills for this job we have already
established that we need to drop the pad, and using the time honoured
method of educated guesswork, I suggest that you drop it by 1.5 metres and
see what eventuates.
To achieve this, again pull down the Points menu, and Select by Range.
This time the range you require is 500~503.
Once these points are selected, again pull down Points menu, and choose
Alter.
When the screen appears, enter a value of -1.5 in the Design Height Field
and select OK.
Now, before you go back to create the design platform, you should know
that it will only work if you are currently logged onto the natural surface you
wish to work with.
So, pull down Contour, choose Surface Parameters, and make sure that
Surface 1 is current by pulling down the arrow and selecting it.
And, before you ask, no, the computer can’t do it automatically, because we
have now given you the ability to have multiple surfaces in a given job, and
there is no way of the program knowing which one you wish to work with.
Once you have set the surface correctly, pull down the Contour menu,
choose Design Surfaces, and pick Create Design Platforms again.
Again use a Next Point of 600, Distance of 10 and batters of 1:2.
Once the points are calculated and stored, pull down Contour, select Surface
Parameters and make Surface 2 current.
Now Form the Model and calculate and save the contours..
Once that is done, it is time to again calculate a volume and see how close to
balance we have come.
Pull down Contour, choose Volumes and Surface to Surface, and make sure
that the Overlay Surface is set to Surface 2.
The answer you get should be as seen in the screen below, which for the
purposes of the exercise is close enough.
You should now be

aware of the
procedure which is
more important than
the numbers we use
in any of these
examples.
Before we proceed,
you need to be aware
that the program has
stored the string
around the outside of
the design surface in a String Folder named “padb”, and you can use this for
plotting etc.
The next thing we wish to do is to form up a Combined Surface which will

show us the contours after the pad has been built ( An “As-Built” , or “As-
Constructed” if you like).
To do this, we need to tell the natural surface points which live under the
proposed platform that they are not to appear when we do a combined
surface.
Pull down Contour, choose Surface Parameters and choose Add to create
Surface 3, and make it a Combined Surface. Make sure Surface 3 is current
and press OK.
Now pull down the Contour Menu, choose Design Surface, and select the
option titled “Design Platform Combined Surface”.
You will see that the program goes off and automatically forms the
combined model for you.
If you now Calculate the Contours you should achieve a result as seen
below.
Note we have only used one platform in this example, but you can define
more than one in the “pad” folder if you wish.
Tutorial 14
NOTE: This Tutorial covers Design Functions that are not included in the
TRPS package. It is designed only for those of you who are using the CDS
package.
In this exercise you will
♦ Position a proposed dam wall on a natural surface contour plan

♦ Extract a Profile and cross sections along the proposed centreline
♦ Enter the design level of the dam wall
♦ Calculate the volume of material in the wall
♦ Store design coordinates of the dam wall, and form a combined surface
♦ Calculate the storage capacity of the dam
Start CDS, and use File, Open, to access Job “DAM” which will be in the
folder Foresite\tutor, and Maximise it.
Now Pull down Contour, and Form the Model and then Calculate Contours
and Save them to see a screen as shown at right.
Some preliminary
investigation has been
done.
The design coordinates

of the end points of the
proposed wall have
been decided on, and
are listed below.
West End: E- 739 N-

862
East End: E- 983 N- 792
Our first task will be to add these points to the job.
Pull down the Points Menu and select Add Points to change the cursor to a
cross.
Now position your cursor somewhere within the surface and press the left
mouse button.
The Add/Edit/Query screen will appear and you need to decide what Point
Number to add in.
It is a good practice to
start new ranges of
points on even
hundred or thousand
values, and in this case
we will assign points
for the wall from Point
600.
Enter in Point 600 and

then the relevant
coordinates for the
west end point.
Now repeat the process to add Point 601 on the East end of the wall.
Now pull down the Points Menu again, and turn Off the add points option
by again selecting it.
Once both points are in, we need to create a String showing the centreline of
the proposed wall.
Pull down the Strings

Menu and select Add.
Now drag your dialogue

box over to the right hand
side of the screen so it is
clear of the data.
The default Folder of

‘lots’ will be adequate, so
enter an ID of ‘dam1’.
Don’t worry about Pen or Linetype at this stage, and simply add in the string
600,601 for the proposed centreline, as seen above.
Extracting Natural Profiles and Sections

The next step in the process is to extract a profile along this proposed
centreline, and some cross sections along it.
Pull down the Contour Menu, select Interpolate, followed by the Profiles
and Sections option to see the following screen.
Pull down the Folder

button and select
‘lots’.
Next pull down the

String ID button and
select ‘dam1’.
Now, as you move

down through the
fields you need a Road
Number of 1.
Bearing in mind what we said earlier about different ranges of Point

Numbers, start the points from 700.
You may assign a layer name if you wish, and leave the Start Chainage at
zero.
Cross Sections at 20 metre intervals are sufficient for this exercise, but you
should be aware that the Xs on St and Xs on Crv fields allow you to specify
whatever section intervals you like, and you can have different intervals in
straight and curved sections of the alignment.
The fields Go Left and Go Right allow you to determine how far on each
side of the centreline ( or more correctly the alignment) the sections will
extend. In this case put 50 in each field.
Once you have filled in all the fields, select the Refresh Table button, and
the screen will be updated to include all your chosen values, as displayed on
the previous page.
Providing the screen does appear as seen on the previous page, you should
select the Show button, and the screen will now appear as seen below.
In the upper window

you will see the profile
along your centreline.
In the smaller middle

window, you can see the
first cross section, and if
you wish, you can use
the Next and Previous
buttons to move
backwards and forwards
through the cross
sections.
Providing you screen is vaguely similar to the one shown above, select the
OK+Save button.
You will see the bar in the bottom right corner scan back and forward to
alert you to the fact that things are progressing, and once the points are
stored, you will be returned to the previous screen.
Since we have no further need of it at this time, select the Cancel button.
If you look closely at the

screen, you will see that
some new points have been
stored alongside the
centreline of the wall, and
we now wish to deal with
the profile and sections that
they represent.
Select the Road Menu, and

the screen will appear as
seen at right.
Maximise the Road window, as we are only interested in its options for the
next little while.
Now, pull down the Road menu, select the Display and Plotting option, and
then choose Display Profile to see the screen below left
Again pull down the Road menu, select Display and Plotting, and this time
choose Display Section to see the screen below right.
At this stage you have the Plan view of the points on Road 1 in window 1,
the Profile in window 2 and the section in window 3.
The plan view is of no interest to us at the moment, so close it.
Now pull down the Window menu and select Tile to see the following
screen.
If you wish to see the

sections, you can use the
Next and Previous
buttons, or the scroll bar
to move through them.
The first thing we need

to do however is to enter
the Vertical Design of
where we would like the
dam wall to be.
We wish to construct a dam wall with a height of 181 and allow 1.5 metres
freeboard.
Enter the Design Grading

To achieve this it has been decided to construct a small spillway at RL 179.5
at the western end of the wall.
Since we are going to work on the profile design, Maximise your profile
window, and then click your Right mouse button to see the design options
available.
The first thing we need to

do is to Add a point to
start from, so select the
Add option.
Then move your cursor

around on the profile
screen, and you will see
the Chainage and RL
being tracked in the
windows on the status bar.
We need to put in a point

which is somewhere near the left hand edge of the window, so move the
cursor over there and press the left mouse button.
You will see a window pop up showing you the Chainage and RL of the
point you just selected.
In this case the Chainage is not critical as long as it is around zero, but we
need to type in the exact RL of 179.5 and then select the Accept key.
You will see a small box signifying a Vertical IP appear on the profile.
At the moment the profile window is still in “Add” mode to allow you to
continue to position vertical IP’s .
We wish to use some of the other options to get to our next IP, so press the
Escape key to end the Add mode, and again press the Right mouse button to
bring up the available options.
What we are attempting to do is to locate where RL 179.5 is on the existing

profile, and we will use the “dummy” IP we have already entered to
establish that point.
Choose the option Add Grade to Natural, and when the program prompts for
the IP, select the IP you previously added.
A window will pop up requesting the grade to use, and since we wish to be
level from the first IP use a Grade of 0 and press OK.
You will now see another IP appear on the profile, and this will be at RL
179.5.
Next we wish to define the spillway which is 3 metres wide and level, so use
the Right mouse button to bring up the options, and select Add by Grade.
Use a Grade of 0 for a Distance of 3 metres and select OK.
Again use the Right mouse button and choose the Add by Grade option, and
selectg the IP to grade from.
This time we wish to batter up from the spillway to the top of the Dam Wall
at a batter of 1:4, or 25%. Since we need to go up 1.5 metres at 1:4, basic
arithmetic tells us we need to go horizontally for 6 metres.
So, enter your Grade of 25 and a distance of 6 and select OK to see another
IP appear at what will be the top of our wall.
Back to the Right Button and choose Add Grade to Natural.
Select the Ip to grade from and use a grade of 0 and select OK, and you will
see another IP appear on
the profile at the right
hand end.
All that remains is to

dispense with the “dummy
IP” we used to get started,
so bring up the options
with the Right Button,
choose Delete, and point
to the first IP.
Now that the Profile Grading or design is completed, select the Tile icon to
again tile the profile and section windows, and we will set about designing a
template to use to construct the wall.
Create a Design ‘Template’

In Foresight CDS terminology, a “template” is simply the right hand side of
what you would like the design cross section to be. If you are building a
symmetrical structure, you can then mirror that template on the left hand
side, or you can use a completely different one if you wish.
Pull down the Road Menu, select Design Criteria, and choose Standard
Templates to see the following screen.
This table allows you

to construct the
template using a wide
variety of options, and
you access the options
on each line by pulling
down the list in the
“Type” column.
The first thing we need

to do is to tell the
program where to start
building this wall, so
on line 1 select the Start option.
You now can fill in the X and Y columns with coordinate values based on a
local origin. The origin of these coordinates is where the Vertical Grading
intersects with the chainage.
In this case we have designed the grading, and there is no subgrade material
to be considered, so we will start the template at 0,0. Ignore the column
titled “Tab#” and put in pen and line values of 1.
Now, on Line 2 pull down the options list and choose “Hdist & Grade” to
indicate we will specify a horizontal distance and a grade.
The dam wall is to be 3 metres wide on the top, and remembering that our
template is the right hand half, you will enter a distance of 1.5.
While it may or may not be good practice, a flat top is adequate, so use a
grade of 0. Again skip Tab# and press enter or tab to accept pen and line 1.
We now need to check whether this point is above or below the natural
surface, and have the program react accordingly.
Since it is a dam wall, this point will almost always be above the natural
surface, however we need to consider the case at the start and end of the
wall where we may need to excavate a small amount of material.
Pull down the options and choose a Cut condition. Enter values of 0 and 99
to signify any amount of cut, and use condition number 1.
As the program checks through the template, it will consider if the point is
in cut, and if it is it will go off looking to find where you have specified
Condition Number 1. If the point is not in cut, the program will look at the
next line in the template to see what to do.
Logically, if the point is not in cut, it is in fill, and if it is, we wish to batter
back to the natural surface with a slope of 1:3
Pull down the options list and select Fill batter at Grade.
Enter a distance of 100 and 1:3 for the grade - it will be converted to
33.333%, and again accept the default pen and line.
Now it is time to start on condition number 1, and you should be on line 5.
Pull down the options and select Start Condition. Enter a number of 1.
If condition 1 is
satisfied, it means
that the point 1.5
metres from the
centreline is actually
below the natural
surface, and if this is
the case what we
need to do is to
immediately batter
back to the surface.
Pull down the options and select Cut Batter at Grade. Enter a distance of
100 and a grade of 1:2.
At this stage you should have the screen shown at the bottom of the previous
page
Once your template has finished, select the Save Option and it will be saved
away as template number 1.
Next you need to tell the program where to use the template.
Pull down the Road Menu, select Design Criteria, and choose Template
Positioning.
You will see a screen with two columns titled 1L and 1R. These stand for
Left and Right of Design Line 1. Type 1 in both columns on the first line.
Then, highlight the 1 in the left column with the mouse, and press the Right
Mouse button to copy template 1 to all other sections. Repeat the process in
the 1R column, and save.
Now when you return to

the screen there will be no
immediate change, but, if
you make the section
window active, and use
the right arrow, or the
Next button to move to
Chainage 40 your screen
should appear as at right
Having successfully
designed the dam wall, we
now need to know how
much material it will take to build it.
Calculate Volume Of Dam Wall

Pull down the Road menu, and select Volume.
Ordinarily, with other jobs you might need to use the Design Volume
parameters Options to set up ranges of chainages to calculate between and
what road number to use etc.
However here we are using Road 1 and our chainages are greater then 0 and
less than 1000, so everything falls within the defaults and there is no need to
make any changes.
If you wish to look, you may do so, but there is no need to.
Instead, choose Design Volumes, and you will shortly see Wordpad appear
on your screen with a jumble of figures.
At this stage we have been unable to crack the secret of how to convince
Wordpad to go into landscape mode, and the information we have is too
wide to fit onto an A4 page in portrait mode.
Please pull down the File menu in the Wordpad, select Page Setup and
choose Landscape mode for the page.
Now your screen should

appear as at right, and if
you use the scroll bars to
move to the end of the
right hand column you
will find that you should
need some 28,500 cubic
metres of material to build
the wall.
If you wish to print this

out you may do so with
the File print option in the Wordpad window, and if you wish to save it, just
agree with WordPad as regards saving in a different format.
Store Design Points To Database
Now that we have a wall designed, we need to store those design points into
the database.
Pull down the Road Menu, select Design Surface and choose the option
Store Design Points in
Database.
The screen will appear as

at right.
Set the Start Point # to

900, and enter a String
Folder of Wall.
Once you select OK, the

points will be stored into
the database.
You are now finished with the ‘Road’ side of things, so use File , Exit to
close down the road window, and select Yes to save changes.
The next step is to check the design contours to see if they look reasonable,
and if they do, you then need to create a Combined Surface to use to
calculate the storage capacity of the dam you have just built.
Viewing the Design Contours

Pull down the Contour Menu, select Surface Parameters, and select the
Add button.
Make it a Design surface, and Surface 2 will be added.
Now select OK to close the parameter screen.
Pull down the Contour menu and form the model.
Then Calculate the Contours and Save them.

If you Zoom up around the Dam Wall you should see a set of contours like
those below.
If your contours match

those shown, all is
well, but if they do
not, you should
backtrack through this
tutorial to find out
what went wrong.
We now need to
construct a ‘combined
surface’ and this
consists of identifying
those points which lie
on the original natural surface and are underneath the wall to be
constructed. These chaps need to be informed that they are to keep
themselves out of sight when we request a combined surface.
There are a number of ways of achieving this, and we will demonstrate a

general-purpose method.
(The more perceptive of you might have noticed that in the Road Design
Surface options the option titled Create Combined Surface was greyed out
meaning it has not yet been implemented. This gives you the opportunity to
learn another way of doing things which takes two steps instead of one, and
can be used for design surfaces not created by the roadworks)
Forming Combined Surface

Pull down the Contour Menu, select Design Surfaces and choose the option
String Edge of Triangles.
The program will pop up a window, and you should use the Pull Down
arrow and select Surface 2 (Design).
When you select OK, the program will create a string around the edge of the
design surface triangles, and store it in a String Folder called ‘edge2’.
Armed with this knowledge, you can now pull down the Contour menu,
select Design Surfaces, and choose the option expansively titled ‘Tag
Natural Points for Combined Surface”
Use the pull down to select the folder ‘edge2’ and then select OK.
At this point you are ready to form up the Combined Surface.
Pull down Contour,

select Surface
Parameters and select
the Add button to add
Surface 3.
Mark it as a Combined
surface.
Now Form the Model

and calculate and Save
the Contours to
achieve contours as
seen at right.
Calculate Storage Capacity Of The Dam

Once the Combined Surface is satisfactorily saved, you can use it to
calculate the amount of storage capacity in the reservoir or dam you have
constructed.
Pull down Contour, select Volume, and choose the Storage Capacity option.
Ignore the Start Point for the moment as it only comes into play when you
have more than one closed contour where a capacity could be calculated.
Move down to the Water Level field, and enter a value of 179.5.
In the Interval field enter 0.5

The following screen will soon appear, with the results presented in the now
familiar Wordpad, and if you scroll down to the end of the file you will see
the screen shown below.
Except for
these Words,
this page
is meant
to be
blank
CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02 Contents Page 1
Introduction & Installation

A - Getting Started
Before You Install
Installation
B - Using Your On-Line Manual
The Interface & Basic Calculations

Tutorial 1A Open Existing Jobs, Controlling the Display and
Multiple Windows
Open jobs
Zoom and Pan the display
Use modes and layers (and their function keys) to
control what is displayed on the active screen
Query to find or alter the attributes of a point
Use the “join” hot key to find the bearing, distance and
grade between any two points.
Open multiple windows - different “views” of a job
Display different jobs at the one time.
Tutorial 1B - New Jobs, Calculating Points and Entering
Strings
Create a New Job and Add Points into it
Calculate points using Bearing and Distance, Bearing
and Multiple Distance, Radiate, Intersection of 2
Bearings and Parallel Offset
Calculate Curves
Add Strings, Curved Strings, and Change Strings
List out String definitions and Areas.
Page 2 Contents CDS/TRPS Ver 1.02
Tutorial 1C - Selecting and Altering Points & Strings

Select Points
Alter the Selected Points
Copy Points from One Job to another
Select Strings
Copy Strings from one job to another
Tutorial 1D Using String Classes
Assign strings to ‘classes’
Use ‘classes’ to plot solid colours in closed strings
Use classes to specify which attributes are plotted on
strings
Use classes to ‘hatch’ closed strings
Tutorial 1E Entering and Adjusting Traverse
Enter a traverse using observed bearings
Check misclose and accuracy of the traverse
Adjust the traverse
Store adjusted traverse points in the database
Detail Data Symbols &Contours

Tutorial 2. Entering Stadia Data and Contouring
Enter a stadia survey & calculate coordinates
Print out the Stadia Sheets to create a file copy
Store the coordinates of the points in the database
Contour the area.
Define plot parameters & Plot the contour plan.
Tutorial 2A Entering and Placing Symbols

Definition and Concept of a Symbol
Representative & Pictorial Symbols
Using the Symbol Library
Inserting Symbols manually
Deleting Symbols
Inserting Symbols using Feature Codes
Using a ‘Pictorial “Symbol.
Inserting Text into the Job
Tutorial 3 Modifying the Contour Model with
Breaklines/Discontinuities.
Contour a natural surface from a job supplied
Identify where the model fails to accurately represent a
creek through the surface
Define breakline strings along the creek
Re-model the surface to incorporate the discontinuities.
Tutorial 4 Boundaries & Contours
Limit contours with the maximum triangle side
Select Triangles –individually or by polygon
Delete the Selected triangles
Enter boundaries into a Contour model
Use boundaries to remove unwanted contours
Use boundaries to remove unwanted triangles
Cross Section Data - Profiles & Sections

Tutorial 5 Using Level Sheets to Form Profiles and Sections
Enter Cross Sections from Level Sheets containing
Chainage, Offset and Reduced Level.
Review the Cross Sections and Profile on screen
Plot out Cross Sections and a Profile of the Centreline.
Tutorial 6 Profiles other than on the Centreline
Obtain profiles of features other than the centreline
Use a range of Offset values to define the profile
Use a Point Code to define the profile
Volume Calculations
Tutorial 7 Volumes from Sections
Enter the levels of cross sections at the start or
construction
Enter levels taken after construction has been in
progress for one month
Inspect the sections and profiles at the end of the month
Calculate and produce a table of Volumes of Cut/Fill
Tutorial 8 Calculate Volume Between Different Models
Load Job & Model area before work
Load 2nd Job & Model after material moved
Calculate Volumes between two jobs
Tutorial 9 Stockpile Volumes
Use Volumes, To A Plane to calculate a stockpile
volume
Specify different surfaces within the one job
Calculate volumes between different surfaces
Interpolating and Manipulating Profiles & Sections

Tutorial 10 Interpolate Profiles & Sections from a Model.
Interpolate a simple profile between two points
Interpolate a profile through a number of points.
Interpolate profiles and sections along a string.
Tutorial 11 Form Sections from Coordinate Data

Calculate chainage and offset from coordinates
Filter chainages to produce regular sections
Alter points not on regular chainages.
Tutorial 12 Form Coordinates from Section Data
Calculate the ‘frame’ points to define a road alignment
Define the string through those points
Calculate coordinates of points entered by a level sheet
Contour the co-ordinated points.
Basic Design Concepts - CDS ONLY

Tutorial 13 Forming a Platform for Bulk Earthworks
Specify the location of a design platform
Specify required batter slopes
Calculate batter points & adjust design height to
balance earthworks
Store Design Points & Form ‘As-Built’ Model
Tutorial 14 Use Road Design to Create a Dam
Position a proposed dam wall on model
Interpolate Profile & Sections along the Wall
Enter Vertical Design of Wall and Spillway
Calculate the volume of material in the wall
Store design coordinates of the dam wall,
Form a combined surface or As-Built Model
Calculate the Storage Capacity of the dam.

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Civil Design & Survey

You will learn how to

Note: It is not the intention of these tutorials to provide

Now select File from the

The tutorial data has been

As you select these “db”

Please note that the program takes the dimension of

Pan the Display.

conveniently arranged in layers, so it is important that you know how to take

The screen will now

If you wish, you can

The Function Keys and their attributes are as follows.

F1 Help F2 Point Numbers

If you wish to display Description, Layer Names, Road Number, Chainage

When you select

Here you will see

Note you can also select a number of layers at the one

As well as allowing selection of which attributes are to be displayed, the

Hint: One way to

Once you press J, you will

You may type in the Point

If you select Points 1 and 9,

displayed in it, and when it appears it is “cascaded” over the existing

You should be aware at this

The active window can be

For example, in the screen

To extend this concept a

To achieve this, you use the

Multiple Jobs on Display

The screen adjacent shows

Please Note that just

The purpose of this example is to continue your introduction to the use of

♦ Create a New Job and Add Points into it.

Creating a New Job

Once you save the new job your

Now Maximise Job IN2 so it fills

At this stage the screen is still blank

You now wish to add

Calculate using Bearing & Distance

A dialogue box will appear as seen at left below.

Enter a distance of 20 metres

It is designed to be used where you wish to calculate multiple points along

You will see points up to

Now we wish to calculate a

The depth of these blocks is to be 35 metres, so type 35 into the Distance

Now, we do not want the Multiple calculations to continue at the moment,

Next set the Distance to be 20.

Now select Apply,

Now close down the

This is where you add

Some Basic Concepts.

As an example, consider you were working on a project such as a

As an example of some uses of this facility, consider a subdivision that

3. Why have both Folders and Classes?

Back into Action

In this case, the string with an ID of Lot 1 is made up of numbers

The screen should appear

If, as it should, your

The cursor will then