School Teaching WEEK 1 and 2

DOLORES STAND ALONE Dates/

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Week

Teacher KARLA BERNADETTE L.

HONRADO/MARIA CORAZON L. Quarter 1
BACANI

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard:
The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and
contexts of 21st century Philippine literature from the regions.
B. Performance Standard:
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation
of 21st Century Philippine literature from the regions through:
1. a written close analysis and critical interpretation of a literary text in
terms of form and theme, with a description of its context derived from
research; and
2. an adaptation of a text into other creative forms using multimedia
C. Learning Competency/ Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
MELC No. 1 –
Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing
an adaptation of these require from the learner the ability to:
1. identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine
literary history from precolonial to the contemporary
MELC No. 2 representative texts and authors from each region (e.g. engage
in oral history research with focus on key personalities from the student’s
region/province/town)

 Specific Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;
1. identify the characteristics of precolonial literature of the Philippines.
2. name some literary works published during the Spanish Colonial
Period- precolonial to the contemporary
3. analyze some literary works.

II. CONTENT: Roles and Functions of Local Government Unit

Mapping our literary Past Present Future

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages: None
2. Learner’s Material pages: None
3. Other References: none :
4. Additional materials from Learning Resource (LR) DepEd Portal:
5. Link of other resources quipper .com

B. Other Learning/Instructional Materials:

MODULE 1 : Mapping our literary Past Present Future
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson
Let’s assess your prior knowledge about the topic by answering a few
questions below. (Pre-Test)
Identify the following literary genres. Write your answers on the space
provided.

_Folktale_________ 1 This is a characteristically anonymous, timeless, and

placeless tale circulated orally among a people.
__Epic________ 2. This narrative poem celebrates the adventures and
achievements of a hero.
__Myth________ 3. This is told to explain a belief, a practice, or a natural
phenomenon.
___Fable_______ 4. This features animal characters or inanimate objects that
behave like people.
___Legend_______ 5. This is presented as history but is unlikely to be true.

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson.

Activity 1: Give at least three words that you can associate to the
following pictures and explain.
Share, Giving, Divide
The monkey and the turtle split the banana tree.

Lover, Romantic, Tradition

The man is courting the girl.

Creature, scary, human-horse

It looks like a creature half human and half horse called
tikbalang.
 Adventure, a fighter, a soldier
It looks like it is fighter that he fights for what was right.

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Today we will study the characteristics of precolonial literature of the Philippines. As

presented in the preliminary activity, we tried to identify the different literary genre
before the precolonial period. In this part of this module, it will give us the different
literary genres and cite an example for each genre.

The Precolonial Literary Genres

The precolonial literature includes all literature produced before the Spanish
colonization like chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives. These were all passed
down from generation to generation by word of mouth.

Philippine folk narratives are varied and distinct. They depict the people’s livelihood,
customs, and traditions.

1. Folktale – This is a characteristically anonymous, timeless, and placeless tale

circulated orally among a people. Folktales about Juan are very popular. Some
emphasize certain virtues, and some serve as warning about behaviour. Also, some
are for the reader’s amusement.

Example 1:
Juan Gathers Guavas (A Tagalog Folktale)

One day several neighbors came to Juan’s home to visit. His father wanted to give
the guests something to eat, so he sent Juan to get some ripe guavas for them.

Full of mischief, Juan decided to play a joke on his father’s guests. He went to get
the guavas and ate all of them while thinking of a good joke. Then he saw a wasp’s
nest hung nearby. With some difficulty he managed to take it down and put it into a
tight basket. He hastened home and gave the basket to his father. Quickly he left the
room where the guests were and closed the door and fastened it.

As soon as Juan’s father opened the basket, the wasps flew over the room. With the
door locked, the people fought to get out of the windows. After a while Juan opened
the door. When he saw the swollen faces of the people, he cried.

“What fine, rich guavas you must have had! They have made you all so fat!”

Example 2:
Juan Pusong and His Father’s Cows (A Visayan Folktale)

One day Juan Pusong's father put his cows out to pasture. Juan slipped away
from home and took the cows into the forest and tied them there. When his father
found out that the cows were missing, he looked around for them. While looking, he
ran into his son.

“Where did you come from?” he asked.

“I just came from school, Father. How about you, where are you going?”

“I am looking for our cows.”

“You don’t say!" said Juan.

By that time, everybody knew about Juan’s power as a seer. So, he took a
little book from his pocket and looked into it. He said, “Our cows are tied together in
the forest.” So, his father went to the forest and found the cows.

Later on, people would discover that Juan could not read even his own name.
Consequently, his father beat him for the trick he had played on him.

2. Fable- It features animal characters or inanimate objects that behave like

people. The monkey is a common animal character in Philippine fables. It is often
depicted as a cunning animal.

Example:
The Monkey and the Crocodile (A Tagalog Fable)

One day, a monkey saw a tall macopa tree laden with ripe fruits, which stood
by a wide river. It was hungry, so it climbed the tree and ate all of the fruits. When it
climbed down, it could find no means by which to cross the river. Then it saw a
young crocodile who had just woken up from its siesta. It said to the crocodile in a
friendly way, “My dear crocodile, will you do me a favor?”

The crocodile was greatly surprised by the monkey’s amicable salutation. So,
it answered humbly, “Oh, yes! If there is anything I can do for you, I shall be glad to
do it.” The monkey then told the crocodile that it wanted to get to the other side of the
river. Then the crocodile said, “I’ll take you there with all my heart. Just sit on my
back, and we’ll go at once.”

The monkey sat firmly on the crocodile’s back, and they began to move. In a
short while they reached the middle of the stream. Then the crocodile began to laugh
aloud. “You foolish monkey!” it said, “I’ll eat your liver and kidneys, for I’m very
hungry.” The monkey became nervous. Trying to conceal its anxiety, it said, “I’m very
glad that you mentioned the matter. I thought myself that you might be hungry, so I
have prepared my liver and kidneys for your dinner. Unfortunately, in our haste to
depart, I left them hanging on the macopa tree. Let us return, and I’ll get them for
you.”

Convinced that the monkey was telling the truth, the crocodile turned around
and swam back to the direction of the macopa tree. When they got near the
riverbank, the monkey nimbly jumped up onto the land and scampered up the tree.
The crocodile came to realize what happened and said, “I am a fool.”

3. Legend- This is presented as history but is unlikely to be true.

There are different Filipino legends of the great flood. The story of Bukidnon,
for instance, tells that a huge crab caused the water to rise by going into the sea. On
the other hand, the Igorot story tells that the sons of Lumawig the Great Spirit
caused the flood.
Example 1
The Flood Story (A Legend of Bukidnon)

A long time ago there was a very big crab which crawled into the sea. When it went
in, it crowded the water out so that it ran all over the earth and covered all the land.

Now about one moon before the flood happened, a wise man had told the people
that they must build a large raft. They did as he commanded and cut many large
trees until they had enough to make three layers. These they bound tightly together;
when it was done, they fastened the raft with a long rattan cord to a big pole in the
earth

Soon after the raft was done, the flood came. White water poured out of the
hills, and the sea rose and covered even the highest mountains. The people and
animals on the raft were safe, but all the others drowned.

Soon the waters went down, and the raft was again on the ground. It was near
their old home, for the rattan cord had held.

The people on the raft together with the animals were the only ones left on the
whole earth.

Example 2:
The Flood Story (A Legend of the Igorot)

Once upon a time, the world was flat, and there were no mountains. There
lived two sons of Lumawig, the Great Spirit. The brothers were fond of hunting; since
no mountains had formed, there was no good place to catch wild pig and deer. The
older brother said, “Let us cause water to flow over all the world and cover it, and
then mountains will rise up.”

So, the brothers caused water to flow over all the earth. When it was covered,
they took the head-basket of the town and set it for a trap. They were very much
pleased when they went to look at their trap, for they had caught not only many wild
pigs and deer but also many people.

Lumawig looked down from his place in the sky and saw that his sons had
flooded the earth. However, there was just one spot which was not covered. All the
people in the world had been drowned except a brother and a sister who lived in
Pokis.

Then Lumawig descended, and he called to the boy and girl, saying, “Oh, you
are still alive.”

“Yes,” answered the boy, “we are still alive, but we are very cold.”

So, Lumawig commanded his dog and deer to get fire for the boy and girl. The
dog and the deer swam quickly away. Lumawig waited a long time, but the dog and
the deer did not return. All the time the boy and girl were growing colder.

Finally, Lumawig himself went after the dog and the deer. When he reached
them, he said, “Why are you so long in bringing the fire to Pokis? Get ready and
come quickly while I watch you, for the boy and girl are very cold.”

Then the dog and the deer took the fire and started to swim through the flood.
When they had gone only a little way, the fire was put out.
 Lumawig commanded the dog and the deer to get more fire, and they did so.
However, they swam only a little way again when that of the deer went out. That of
the dog would have been extinguished also had not Lumawig gone quickly to him
and taken it.

As soon as Lumawig reached Pokis, he built a big fire which warmed the
brother and sister. The water evaporated so that the world was as it was before,
except that now there were mountains. The brother and sister married and had
children, and thus there came to be many people on the earth.
Myth

This is told to explain a belief, a practice, or a natural phenomenon.

There are Philippine versions of the creation myth. The Igorot’s story tells that Lumawig the
Great Spirit created people. On the other hand, the Tagalog story tells that the first man and
woman came from a bamboo.

Example 1:

The Creation (An Igorot Myth)

In the beginning, there were no people on the earth. Lumawig, the Great Spirit, came down
from the sky and cut many reeds. He divided the reeds into pairs which he placed in
different parts of the world, and then he said to them, “You must speak.” Immediately the
reeds became people, and in each place was a man and a woman who could talk. However,
the language of each couple differed from that of the others.

Then Lumawig commanded each man and woman to marry, which they did. By and by there
were many children, all speaking the same language as their parents. The children married
and had many children of their own. In this way, there came to be many people on the
earth.

Now Lumawig saw that there were several things which the people on the earth needed to
use, so he set to work to supply them. He created salt and told the inhabitants of one place
to boil it down and sell it to their neighbors. However, the people could not understand the
directions. The next time he visited them, they had not touched the salt. So, he took the salt
away from them and gave it to the people of a place called Mayinit.

The people of Mayinit did as Lumawig directed. Because of their obedience, he told them
that they should always be owners of the salt and that the other peoples must buy of them.

Then Lumawig went to the people of Bontoc and told them to get clay and make pots. They
got the clay, but they did not understand the molding; the jars were not well shaped.
Because of their failure, Lumawig told them that they would always have to buy their jars,
and he removed the pottery to Samoki.

Lumawig told the people of Samoki what to do, and they did just as he said. Their jars were
well shaped and beautiful. Then Lumawig saw that they were fit owners of the pottery, and
he told them that they should always make many jars to sell.

In this way, Lumawig taught the people and brought to them all the things which they now
have.
Example 2:

The Creation (A Tagalog Myth)

Now at this time the land breeze and the sea breeze were married, and they had a
bamboo as their child. One day when the bamboo was floating about on the water, it struck
the feet of the kite which was on the beach. The bird, angry that anything should strike it,
pecked at the bamboo. Out of one section came a man and from the other a woman.

The earthquake called on all the birds and fish to see what should be done with the
man and the woman, and it was decided that they should marry. Many children were born
to the couple, and from them came all the different races of people.

After a while the parents grew very tired of having so many idle and useless children
around. They wished to be rid of them, but they knew of no place to send them to. Time
went on, and the children became so numerous that the parents enjoyed no peace. One
day, in desperation, the father seized a stick and began beating them on all sides.

The beating frightened the children so much that they fled in different directions.
Some seek hidden rooms in the house. Some concealed themselves in the walls. Some ran
outside, while others hid in the fireplace. Several fled to the sea.

Now it happened that those who went into the hidden rooms of the house later
became the chiefs of the islands; and those who concealed themselves in the walls became
slaves. Those who ran outside were free men; and those who hid in the fireplace became
negroes; while those who fled to the sea were gone many years, and when their children
came back they were the white people.

Activity 2: Concept Mapping

A. Describe the folktale of Tagalog and Visayan

Tagalog Visayan

Traditional Replete with tales

Knowledgeable Heroism

Have mythic creatures Triumph of good over evil

Moral-conflict
Lesson in life

Creation
Oral

B. Do characters in each stories mirror the traits of people in each region?

Explain
_Yes because it relates to the way of life of the people who produce it: their
ceremonies, their institutions, their crafts and so on. It also expresses their
beliefs, customs, attitudes and their way of thinking.
 ._______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

C. Can you get morals in each story?

_Yes____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

Identify the precolonial literature of the Philippines.

Myth Legend Folktale Fable Epic

__Folktale______1.This is a characteristically anonymous, timeless, and placeless tale

circulated orally among a people.
__Fable______2.This features animal characters or inanimate objects that behave like
people.
___Legend_____3.This is presented as history but is unlikely to be true.
___Myth_____4.This is told to explain a belief, a practice, or a natural phenomenon.
___Epic_____5.This narrative poem celebrates the adventures and achievements of a
hero.

Philippine Literature during the Spanish Occupation

The Spanish missionaries taught the gospel through the native language, so they
hired natives to translate Spanish religious instructional materials. Eventually, the
natives became fluent in Spanish and became known as ladinos.

Ladinos mainly wrote devotional poetry. Two of them were Fernando

Bagongbanta and Gaspar Aquino de Belen. Bagongbanta wrote “Salamat nang
walang hanga/gracias de sin sempiternas,” which appeared in Memorial de la
vida cristiana en lengua tagala (1605), a book containing basic Catholic
doctrines. On the other hand, de Belen wrote “Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu
Christong Panginoon natin na tola” (1704), the earliest version of pasyon.

Also, the native drama called the komedya or moro-moro was popular. It depicted
the war between Christians and Muslims, wherein the former always wins. The
poet Jose de la Cruz (1746–1829) was a master of such art form.

Native literature continued. Though the Spaniards destroyed the written literature
in their effort to replace it with their own, the oral tradition survived and flourished
in areas beyond the reach of the Spaniards.
Francisco Baltazar (1788-1862), the master of traditional Tagalog poetry, became
well-known for his work Florante at Laura (1838–1861), the most famous metrical
romance of the country.

Pedro Paterno (1857–1911) wrote Sampaguitas y poesias varias (1880), the first
poetry collection in Spanish by a Filipino; and the novel in Spanish Ninay (1885),
considered to be the first Filipino novel.

Jose Rizal (1861–1896), a prominent ilustrado and the country’s national hero, is
famous for the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These novels
portray the corruption and abuse of the Spanish officials and the clergy.

Andres Bonifacio (1863–1897), the founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem
“Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa.” This poem appeared in the Kalayaan, the official
newspaper of the Katipunan, in March 1896.

Leona Florentino (1849–1884), known as the “mother of Philippine women’s

literature,” was a poet in both Ilocano and Spanish. Twenty of her poems were
preserved and exhibited in Europe. The poems were included in the
Encyclopedia International des Oeuvres des Femme in 1889.

ACTIVITY 3

What are the significant contributions of the Spaniards in Philippine literature?

The Spaniards introduced Christianity and succeeded in converting the overwhelming majority of
Filipinos.

_____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

What is the impact of writing literature during Spanish periods?

_ The existing literature of the Philippine ethnic groups at the time of conquest and conversion
into Christianity was mainly oral, consisting of epics, legends, songs, riddles, and
proverbs.____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Philippine Literature during the American Occupation of the Philippines (1898–1940)

With English as the medium of instruction in public schools, Filipino literary works in English
were produced. In the first decade, poetry and prose in English appeared in student publications
 like the UP-College Folio and The Coconut of Manila High School. By the 1930s and 1940s,
Filipino writers in English came into their own.

Philippine Literature in the 21st Century (2001 up to the present)

This body of literature includes digital writings, graphic novels, textula, hypertext, and other
emerging literary genres at present.

At 20, the poet Amador T. Daguio wrote “Man of Earth” in 1932. According to Dr. Gemino Abad,
a well-known Filipino poet and critic, “Man of Earth” marks a turning point in Filipino poetry.
Daguio’s poem words in English are reinvented to establish a native idiom.

Man of Earth
By Amador T.
I Daguio III
Pliant is the bamboo; If the wind passes by,
I am man of earth. Must I stoop, and try
They say that from the bamboo To measure fully
We had our first birth. My flexibility?
II IV
Am I of the body, I might have been the bamboo,
Or of the green leaf? But I will be a man.
Do I have to whisper Bend me then, O Lord,
My every sin and grief? Bend me if you can.

Explanation:

1. The lyric poem has a varied rhythm. It is composed of four stanzas, each one with five to
seven syllables.
2. The poem contains end rhymes.
3. The poem contains an allusion to a Philippine creation myth that tells that the first man
and woman came from a bamboo. The speaker is aware of his own pagan heritage.
4. The poem uses apostrophe. The speaker addresses a spiritual being he calls “Lord” in the
last two lines of the fourth stanza.

Textula is poetry written and read on a mobile phone. It is popularized by the playwright
Frank Rivera, who came to be known as the “makata sa cell phone.” His works of textula and
other poems are performed in different occasions, such as rallies, school programs, and
contests; published in newspapers; heard on radio; and shared on social media or through
text messaging.

A Textula
By Frank Rivera

I
Merong himala, hindi totoong wala
Ituro ma’y mali, alam nati’y tama
Kahit walang sagot itong panalangin
Hindi tumitigil ang ating paghiling.
II
Walang nagturo na tayo’y makibaka
Ngunit sulirani’y ating binabata
Kahit may pangakong laging napapako
Sa anumang init, handa ring mapaso.
 III
Sa ating puso’y may awit ng pag-asa
Kahit titik nito’y hindi makabisa
Ang katotohana’y lalaging totoo
Basta maniwalang mayroong milagro.
Explanation:

1. The poem is a piece of lyric poetry. It is composed of three stanzas, and each stanza has
four lines. It has a regular meter; each line consists of twelve syllables.
2. The poem uses what is called in Tagalog poetry as “tugmang karaniwan,” wherein the
last word of each line has the same sound. Except the last two lines of the first stanza,
the rest of the poem uses “tugmang patinig,” wherein the last words of the lines have
the same vowel sound.

Activity 4
Let’s check
1. What period of Philippine history did Amador T. Daguio write the poem “Man of Earth”?

It is in 1932.

2. What poetry is written and read on a mobile phone? The poetry written and read on a

mobile phone is Textula

3. What title has been given to Frank Rivera for popularizing textula? It is popularized by the

playwright Frank Rivera, who came to be known as the “makata sa cell phone.”

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

Let’s Review
• Literary elements – These devices are inherent in a literary text. Some examples are the
characters, setting, conflict, plot, and theme of a short story.
• Literary techniques – These devices are used deliberately by a writer in his or her work to
convey a particular meaning. Dialogue is an example.
• The literary meaning of a work is conveyed through its elements and the literary techniques
that the writer used. In a short story, for instance, the writer weaves a story, putting
elements and techniques together in a specific arrangement to convey its meaning.
• Consider Francisco Arcellana’s short story "The Mats." Arcellana focused on the character’s
actions and dialogues to reveal their innermost feelings, which can be clues to the literary
meaning of the work.

The Mats" (A Summary)

By Francisco Arcellana
"The short story "The Mats" is about the Angeles family. As the title suggests, their
story unfolds like the unfolding of a sleeping mat. It begins with Emilia and her children
waiting excitedly for Mr. Jaime Angeles’s return from a business trip. In a letter, Mr. Angeles
told his wife that he had asked a mat weaver to make decorative sleeping mats for each one
in the family. To some degree, the children knew what those mats would look like because
their mother kept one herself. This mat was a gift from Emilia’s mother.
 It had been a witness to the couple’s wedding night as well as to the illnesses and
even deaths in the family. Then the day came when Mr. Angeles arrived home at last. The
family had a long dinner. The table was cleared right after, and Mr. Angeles had a cigar.
When it was time to untie the mats, Mr. Angeles cut the cord that held the bundle with
scissors. He began unfolding the mats one by one. He handed the first one to Emilia; the
second one to himself; the third one to his eldest, Marcelina; the fourth one to his son, Jose;
and three more to his children Antonia, Juan, and Jesus.

Each mat had the name of the family member on it as well as something special like
the cadena de amor on Emilia’s mat, a lyre on Marcelina’s, and the symbol of Aesculapius on
Jose’s. Then Emilia noticed the other three mats that were not yet unfolded. In a different
voice, Mr. Angeles told her that they were for those who were not there. Emilia was
speechless, and the children fell silent. Mr. Angeles unfolded the first of three remaining
mats; it revealed a name that the children knew, but it seemed strange to them.

Nana Emilia told her husband, "You know, Jaime, you didn’t have to. You didn’t have
to." To this Mr. Angeles only said, "Do you think I’d forgotten? Do you think I had forgotten
them? Do you think I could forget them?" Then he called out the names of his dead children,
namely, Josefina, Victoria, and Concepcion, as if they were there to get the mats themselves.
Emilia pleaded with him to stop. To this he only said, "Is it fair to forget them? Would it be
just to disregard them?" The children wanted to turn away from their father, but they did
not. Emilia held back her frustration. Mr. Angeles unfolded the remaining mats in silence.

Literary Meaning of "The Mats"

It is shown through the characters Emilia and her husband that coping with the
death of loved ones is a struggle. Emilia seemed to lead a normal life from the beginning of
the story until the moment her husband told her that he had the mat weaver made three
mats for their three dead children. Forced to remember their dead children, she could only
hold back from feeling frustration perhaps with her husband. On the other hand, Mr.
Angeles dealt with the death of his children in a way that he knew how, that is,
remembering them on special occasions even if that made his wife and children
uncomfortable.

Let’s check
1. What literary devices are used on purpose by a writer in his work to convey its meaning? The

literary devices are used on purpose by a writer in his work to convey its meaning are

symbolism and hyperbole.

2. Which word completes the following analogy? Investigate

3. Emilia : cadena de amor : : Marcelina : _lyre_____

4. What kind of narrative is "The Mats" by Francisco Arcellana? Fiction is the kind of narrative

in "The Mats" by Francisco Arcellana

Drama
 Drama is a literary work that tells a story through actions and dialogues. It is usually
performed on stage.
Elements
1. Characters – These actors set the scene and flow of the story.
2. Dialogues – These are conversations between the characters.
3. Plot – This is the series of events that take place.
4. Stage directions – These statements tell the actors how they should look, move, and speak.
They also give the director a picture of how the setting looks like, and what music and other
sounds would set the mood of the play.

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (1910–1995) was a prolific playwright. He wrote over a hundred plays; most
of them were staged. His plays portray the educated middle class. Among his popular works
are Wanted: A Chaperone (1940), The Three Rats (1948), and Condemned(1943).

Alberto S. Florentino (1931–) became known for his drama The World Is An Apple. It won first prize
in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature in 1954 and was published in the Sunday Times
Magazine that same year. The play as well as the others like Cavort with Angels (1959) and Oli Impan
(1959) is set in Tondo slums.

During the period, the theatre was moribund in the cities, however. One reason is
that the language used, which was English, made the plays only accessible to the educated
Filipinos.

"The World Is an Apple" by Alberto S. Florentino is a one-act play. As the term suggests, a
one-act play is composed of only one act or part. Its story has a few characters; it is condensed and
has a single effect.

Florentino’s play only has three characters, namely, Gloria, Mario, and Pablo. The story takes
place one evening in an improvised home in Intramuros. Gloria and Mario are a poor couple. Their
poverty forces Mario’s hand both literally and figuratively. So, he returns to his old life of stealing
and joins his old friend Pablo for a heist.

The World Is An Apple: A Synopsis

It is payday, and Mario comes home without any money to give his wife Gloria for their sick
daughter named Tita. At first, he tells his wife that he spent all of his money on a few drinks with his
friends. However, Gloria does not believe him because he does not look intoxicated. Then Mario
attempts to lie the second time by telling her that he spent it all on a woman.

Once again, Gloria does not believe him because she knows Mario loves their daughter very
much that he could not have done it. Finally, Mario tells her that he lost his job a week ago and that
he has been looking for a new one ever since. Gloria is shocked to hear the news and worried that
Mario would not be able to find a job soon. Mario, however, assures her that it will not take long for
him to get a new job.

Gloria then asks Mario why he lost his job. Mario relates that he was accused of pilfering
(stealing a small amount of something) at work. He took an apple that rolled out of a broken crate
and thought of giving it to their child. The people at his work kept the apple, though, for evidence.

Gloria wants Mario to ask those people for a second chance, but Mario is convinced that
they want to throw him out so that they could bring their own men into the job.

When Gloria suggests, Mario complain, he does not want to do so for fear of those people
finding out about his police record. Then he tells Gloria that he has found a good job. He is to be a
night watchman for a company. Gloria is thankful to God, though she feels uncertain because she
will be alone at night without Mario by her side.

Then comes Pablo, Mario’s friend. Mario becomes nervous, and Gloria is not very happy to
see him. Pablo asks about their child’s condition and offers money to Gloria so that she can take her
to a doctor, but Gloria refuses it. She is convinced that Pablo has come to lead Mario back to his old
ways.

Soon enough, she discovers that Mario has indeed decided to go back to stealing for their
sake. She tries to stop him from going, but Mario leaves with Pablo anyway. Before he leaves, he
tells Gloria to take care of their daughter and herself, and he will take care of himself. The story ends
with Gloria shouting Mario’s name as she watches him walk away with Pablo.

The three notable Filipino dramatists in English of the Postwar Years are Severino Montano,
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero, and Alberto Florentino. They produced relevant dramas during the period.
However, because their works were written in English, they could only reach out to the educated
class.

h. Evaluating learning
Let’s check

1. Which of these works was written by Severino Montano?

A.
a. The Ladies and the Senator (1953) c. Cavort with Angels (1959)
b. The Three Rats d. Oli Impan (1959)
2.What do you call the statements that tell the actors how they should look, move, and speak in a
drama?
D.
a. Dialogues c. Script
b. Plot d. Stage directions
3. which was written by Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero?
B.
a. The Ladies and the Senator (1953) c. Cavort with Angels (1959)
b. The Three Rats d. Oli Impan (1959)

5. This drama by Alberto Florentino won first prize in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for
Literature in 1954. What is the title of the drama? The World Is An Apple.

g. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

5. What is theme of Alberto Florentino’s "The World Is an Apple"? what is the moral of the story?
The world is an apple tells us how an apple changes everything. Temptations are the reasons why
many people especially the poor get into a crime. It also shows how a parents love their children.
The story shows how Mario loves his daughter tita that he will give everything just to see his
daughter happy. The moral lesson of the story is persevere in your life.

i. Making-generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

1
What are the significant contributions of each era in Philippine literature?
_ Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from generation to generation,
originally through an oral tradition.
___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

How can you relate the story of “the world is an apple in the life of Filipinos?

It shows how a parents love their children. The story shows how Mario loves his daughter tita that
he will give everything just to see his daughter happy. On the other hand Mario gives a bad example
because he commits a
crime.____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

j. Evaluating learning

Answer the following questions

1. What period of Philippine history did Amador T. Daguio write the poem “Man of Earth”? In
1932.
2. What poetry is written and read on a mobile phone? Textula
3. What title has been given to Frank Rivera for popularizing textula? It is popularized by the
playwright Frank Rivera, who came to be known as the “makata sa cell phone.”
4. What literary devices are used on purpose by a writer in his work to convey its meaning?
Symbolism and Hyperbole
5. Which word completes the following analogy? Investigate
6. Emilia: cadena de amor: Marcelina: _lyre_____
7. What kind of narrative is "The Mats" by Francisco Arcellana? Fiction is the kind of narrative
in "The Mats" by Francisco Arcellana
8. Which of these works was written by Severino Montano?
A.
a. The Ladies and the Senator (1953) c. Cavort with Angels (1959)
b. The Three Rats d. Oli Impan (1959)
9. Which was written by Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero?
B.
a. The Ladies and the Senator (1953) c. Cavort with Angels (1959)
b. The Three Rats d. Oli Impan (1959
10. What do you call the statements that tell the actors how they should look, move, and speak
in a drama?
D.
a. Dialogues c. Script
b. Plot d. Stage directions
11. What figure of speech is used? Metonymy
I might have been the bamboo,
But I will be a man.
Bend me then, O Lord,
Bend me if you can.