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Electronics I
EEE231
Lab Report 2
Name KHURRAM MEHFOOZ KHAN KHATTAK
RegistrationNumber FA19-BEE-091-ISB
Class 3B
Instructor’sName RIFFAT SHAISTA
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in Lab task :
Section 1:
Input Voltage Diode Voltage Voltage Across 1K ohm resistor Diode Forward Current
VD
2 0.608 1.464 1.42
2.6V 0.62 2.01 2.01
3V 0.631 2.368 2.26
3.5V 0.638 2.919 2.94
4V 0.647 3.41 3.41
5V 0.667 4.38 4.4
6V 0.674 5.38 5.2
7V 0.682 6.4 6.3
8V 0.687 7.43 7.3
9V 0.695 8.47 8.3
10V 0.69 9.44 9.2
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Voltage across y-axis is VR(1 box =1V) and voltage across x is Vin(1 box=1V).
Voltage across x-axis is Vin(1 box equals to 1V) and current is across y-axis (1 box
equals to 1mA)
Section 2:
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Part A:
To construct and test the two-input DL OR gate on your breadboard, you will need to do the
following;
Set the circuit as shown in the Figure1.1, using
Turn ON the power to your experimental circuit and then observe LED state (OUT
= 1 when LED is ON and vice versa). Set S0 and S1 to all four possible
combinations of two switches (if switch is closed Input is at logic 1 and vice versa).
Fill out the Table. 2.1, for input and output logic values.
Now remove the LED. Repeat the experiment and note down the voltages
(instead of logic values tabulated in step 2) at input and output nodes i.e. (A, B
and OUT) in Table 2.1
OR gate(figure 3.5):
State of DA=upper State of LED ON/OFF
S0 S1 diode DB =lower diode
(ON/OFF)
(ON/OFF)
Closed Closed Off off Of
Open closed Off on On
Closed open On off On
Open Open On on On
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A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Part B
To construct and test the two-input DL AND gate on your breadboard, you will need the following
procedure.Set the circuit as shown in the Figure1.2, using
Figure 3.6
Turn ON the power to your experimental circuit and then observe LED state (OUT = 1 when LED is
ON and vice versa). Set S0 and S1, to all four possible combinations of two switches (if switch is closed
Input is at logic 1 and vice versa). Fill out the Table. 3.1, for input and output logic values.
Now remove the LED and replace R3 with 10K note down the voltages (instead of logic values
output nodes i.e. (A, B and OUT) in Table 2.2 .
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AND gate(figure 3.6):
State of State of LED ON/OFF
S0 S1 DA =upper diode DB =lower diode
(ON/OFF) (ON/OFF)
open open Off off Of
closed Open off on Of
open Closed on off Of
closed closed on on On
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Section 3 design problem
Design a series diode configuration having two Voltage sources 10V and 5V and
two resistors 4.7k and 2.2k. Simulate it on LTspice.
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Post-Lab Discussion
Comment on the output of the Figure 3.5.
When switch is closed s1 and s0 is closed the current from the source flow to ground so both
diode is of.so LED is of.
when s1 is open and s0 is of ,the current from s0 flows to ground .the current flows form 5v
through Diode A and it becomes ON as its forward biased .so LED is on.
when s0 is open and s1 is of, the current from s1 flows to ground .the current flows from 5v
through Diode B and it becomes ON as its forward biased .so LED is on.
When s0 and s1 both are opened so current flows across both diode as both are forward biased
so LED is on.
Comment on the output of the Figure 3.6.
When s0 and s1 are opened there is no potential diference between the voltage sources so no
current flows through the circuit so both diodes become of and LED is of.
When s0 is closed and s1 remains open, so s0 is connected to ground terminal so potential
diference is created, so current flow through diode B as its forward biased and LED is on.
When s0 is opened and s1 is closed, so s1 is connected to ground terminal so potential
diference is created, so current flow through diode A as its forward biased and LED is on.
When both switches are opened the potential diference is created so both diodes become
forward biased and current flows through it and LED is on.
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Critical analysis:
In this lab, we analysis a simple diode resistor circuit and by changing dc source voltage it has
efect on voltage across diode and resistors in the circuit. We understand how diodes are used
in creation of And gate and OR gate. By opening and closing of switch, we understand how
output is generated and which output can be obtained from both type of gates circuits.
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