THE PASSIVE VOICE

7. Normal climbing boots slip in icy conditions,

PART I so climbers ---- iron plates with spikes,
1. The results of the research ---- that, known as crampons, to their boots.
presently, several East Asian countries ---- A) should be fixed
rapidly.
B) have to fix
A) have indicated / were developing C) have been fixed
B) indicate / are developing D) used to fix
C) are indicated / have been developing E) must be fixed
D) were indicated / had develo ped
8. “Fragile, handle with care” ---- on the
E) had indicated / developed package, but still the contents of the parcel --
-- when it arrived.
2. Understandably, her friends ---- when Julia A) had written / would be broken
married someone else after being B) is being written / will be broken
engaged to John for two years.
C) was written / were broken
A) are surprising D) would have written / had broken
B) were surprised E) has been written / could break
C) surprised
9. An apple tree ---- fruit until it is five to eight
D) will be surprised years old.
E) had surprised
A) did not bear
B) was not bearing
3. The fax ---- when the secretary returns from C) has not been borne
lunch.
D) does not bear
A) will be sent E) will not be borne
B) is going to be v3 send
10. The hill where Jane Austen set one of her
C) should have sent romances ---- Box Hill because of the box
D) was being sent trees which ---- there.
E) has been sent A) calls / are grown
B) has been calling / grew
4. Because James ---- to physical work, he ---- C) used to call / used to grow
after he had spent a week on the farm. D) are calling / were growing
A) isn’t accustomed / might be ex hausted E) is called / grow
B) hadn’t accustomed / had exhausted 11. Your chances of success in an examination -
C) won’t be accustomed / will be exhausted --- if you ---- the course work thoroughly.
D) hasn’t accustomed / has exhausted A) enhance / are revised
E) wasn’t accustomed / was exhausted B) were enhancing / revised
5. Animals ---- to survive in the wild, rather than C) had enhanced / were revising
kept in captivity. D) could be enhanced / would revise
A) are helping E) are enhanced / revise
B) have been helping 12. When he ---- an essay in on time for once, his
C) should be helped professor ---- him a look of surprise.
D) could be helped A) handed / gave
E) ought to have been helped B) was handed / was giving
C) is handed / will be given
6. Films of violence ---- on television until after D) has handed / would give
9.30 at night, the time when the majority of E) hands / is given
children ---- to bed.
A) cannot be shown / went
B) aren’t being shown / had gone
C) didn’t use to be shown / are going
D) shouldn’t be shown / go
E) needn’t be shown / have gone

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13. You ---- plenty of time in case the bus ----; 19. Judging from the speed of mechanization, it -
otherwise, you’ll risk mi ssing your ferry. --- that very few things in the world ---- by
hand in the twenty-first century.
A) must have allowed / delays
B) used to allow / delayed A) has been predicted / will be making
C) ought to be allowed / has delayed B) can be predicted / will be made
D) had better allow / is delayed C) will be predicted / were made
E) were allowed / was delayed D) is being predicted / have been made
E) is predicting / will have been made
14. It’s true that happiness ---- with money, but
some money ---- life easier. 20. Considering the meager resources we ----
with for the project, we ---- a wonderful job.
A) mustn’t be bought / made
B) shouldn’t buy / has made A) had been provided / did
C) can’t be bought / makes B) were provided / can do
D) doesn’t buy / is making C) have been provided / used to do
E) hasn’t been bought / is made D) will be provided / have done
E) provided / will be doing
15. Cells ---- for the first time by the English
scientist Robert Hooke, who, in 1665, ---- a 21. Solutions to the problem of unemployment --
book about his findings. -- , but none of the measures that ---- so far
has been very successful.
A) were described / published
B) had described / would have published A) have sought / will be tired
C) could be described / was published B) will be sought / have been trying
D) has described / had published C) had been seeking / were try ing
E) would be described / could be published D) are being sought / have been tried
E) have been seeking / are tried
16. Portland cement, when it ........... with water, --
-- a paste that binds sand, gravel and stone 22. Africa’s population growth rate is much
into a rock-like mass called concrete. higher than the world average and it ---- that,
by the year 2050 Africa ---- for twenty-one
A) will be combined / formed percent of the world’s population.
B) has combined / is formed
A) has estimated / accounts
C) was combined / was formed
B) was estimating / had been accounting
D) combines / has been formed
C) will be estimated / accounted
E) is combined / forms
D) will have estimated / is accounting
17. The twentieth century, now nearing its end, -- E) is estimated / will account
-- the century when mankind ---- to realise
that the Earth’s resources are limited. 23. Following stricter “drink driving” regulations,
the number of accidents which ---- drunk
A) was / was coming drivers ---- significantly.
B) will be / had come
A) have been involved / is reduced
C) has been / has come
B) involve / has been reduced
D) had been / came
C) were involved / was reducing
E) will have been coming / is coming
D) are involved / is reducing
18. Up to now, the equipment ---- regularly, but E) involved / has been reducing
from now on, we ---- it before every outing.
24. I managed to translate most of the letter for
A) wasn’t checked / are checking you, but I ----- stuck on one or two sentences.
B) hasn’t checked / will be checking
A) am getting
C) isn’t being checked / should be checked
B) get
D)hasn’t been checked / are going to check
C) got
E) hadn’t checked / have to be checked
D) was getting
E) will get

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25. The world’s first dental school, Baltimore 31. If a person ---- in more food than required to
Collage of Dental Surgery, ---- by two meet the body’s needs, the excess calories --
Americans, Horace Hayden and Chapin -- to fat.
Harris, in 1839.
A) will take / have converted
A) would have founded B) takes / are converted
B) was founding C) is taken / convert
C) was founded D) has taken / were converted
D) had founded E) was taken / had converted
E) would be founding
32. Because I ….. up in a house next to a main
26. The works of Shakespeare ---- into every railway line, I rarely get distur bed by noises
major language in the world. during the night.
A) are going to translate A) was brought
B) have been translated B) had brought
C) had translated C) have been bringing
D) had been translating D) used to bring
E) will have translated E) am bringing
27. He ---- about this meeting for weeks, so I
don’t know why he ---- anything for it yet. 33. Women ---- dress design until the last half of
A) is known / isn’t preparing the 19th century.
B) was known / doesn’t prepare A) were dominated
C) knows / didn’t prepare B) have dominated
D) has known / hasn’t prepared C) dominated
E) knew / hadn’t prepared D) are dominating
28. There were such a lot of dif ferent things to E) would be dominated
do at the resort where we ---- our holiday that
none of us ---- .
34. Luckily, he realised that he had forgotten his
A) spent / was bored passport in time to return to the hotel and
B) were spending / bored collect it; otherwise, we ---- the hovercraft.
C) were spent / had bored A) must not have caught
D) have spent / could be bored B) ought not to be caught
E) spend / are bored C) hadn’t been caught
29. A place ---- for you, Madam, as soon as you -- D) couldn’t have caught
-- the deposit. E) needn’t have caught
A) has been reserved / will pay 35. Everybody was very concerned when one of
B) reserved / had paid the representatives ---- half way through the
main course.
C) is reserving / are paid
D) is reserved / were paid A) will collapse
E) will be reserved / have paid B) is collapsing
C) has collapsed
30. There is no way you ---- all of your project in
an hour, so you ---- the most important D) collapses
points and talk about those. E) collapsed
A) should be covered / ought to choose
B) used to cover / can choose
C) must cover / will be chosen
D) ought to cover / have chosen
E) can cover / had better choose

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 7. Animal lovers would like industrial testing on
animals ---- to medical experiments.
SET 2
A) being limited
1. I hope the new timetable ---- by Friday as I
B) to have limited
want to start a driving course next week, but
I need to know which afternoon I will be off C) having limited
before I can enroll on it. D) to be limited
A) has been announced E) to be limiting
B) is going to announce 8. The end of slavery in America ---- by the
C) will have been announced passage of the 13th Amendment to the US
Constitution on 18th December, 1865.
D) has been announcing
E) is being announced A) would have achieved
B) was achieving
2. Obviously, the management ---- that we ----
the new conditions without questioning the C) had achieved
consequences. D) has been achieved
A) have assumed / are accepted E) was achieved
B) assume / will accept 9. Medicines and chemical cleaning liquids ----
C) were assumed / have accepted out of children’s reach.
D) will be assumed / will be accepted A) should be kept
E) assumed / were accepted B) must have kept
3. Look! The other team must be about to play C) need to keep
their substitute because he ---- warmed up at D) have kept
the side of the pitch. E) used to keep
A) has got 10. The United Kingdom ---- a period of time until
B) gets 1995 to clean up its beaches by the European
C) had been getting Union, but Morecombe Bay in Lancashire
was so dirty that it ---- two more years to
D) is getting
bring the area up to the required standard.
E) will get
A) was given / was allowed
4. To the ancient Romans, a census ..... simply
B) is given / has allowed
counting the people and valuing their estates
for the purpose of the taxation, but today the C) gives / will have allowed
range of information collected by a census D) has been given / has allowed
taker is very wide, and the statistics gathered E) gave / had been allowed
---- to many uses.
11. Five armed men ---- a Zurich Post Office last
A) meant / are put night in a van which ---- as a Post Office
B) was meant / have put repair vehicle.
C) used to mean / have been putting A) were robbing / disguised
D) had been meaning / put B) robbed / was disguised
E) means / are being put C) were robbed / had disguised
5. I really dislike ---- to work on Sundays D) had been robbed / has disguised
because I feel torn between my family and E) would be robbing / is disguised
work.
A) to be asking
B) asking 12. Advertising is very old. Examples of
advertising ---- as far back as ancient Greece,
C) being asked where criers ---- out messages about their
D) having asked clients’ wares to the public.
E) to have asked A) have found / were shouting
6. The FBI ---- that he knew where the body ----. B) would be found / had been shouted
A) has suspected / was burying C) might be found / were shouted
B) suspects / had been burying D) used to find / had been shouting
C) was suspected / will be buried E) can be found / shouted
D) is suspected / had buried
E) suspected / was buried

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13. The coach driver couldn’t see through the 19. Local residents ---- to radio-activity for weeks
window because it......... properly. now because of the leak at the Nuclear
Power station.
A) doesn’t clean
B) didn’t use to clean A) are exposing
C) wasn’t supposed to clean B) have been exposed
D) hadn’t been cleaned C) will have been exposed
E) hasn’t cleaned D) were exposed
E) had been exposing
14. Portugal’s government ---- down by a military
coup in 1974 and the new administration ---- 20. I’m sure they ---- with your gift. They --- a
the rights of Portuguese African territories to toaster for a long time.
independence.
A) will thrill / wanted
A) was bringing / was recognised B) had thrilled / have wanted
B) has brought / recognises C) are going to thrill / had been wanting
C) was brought / recognised D) will be thrilled / have been wanting
D) has been brought / is recognised E) will have been thrilled / want
E) had brought / had recognised
21. Under UK equal opportunity laws, an
15. In order to keep his land fertile, a farmer ---- employee ---- against on the grounds of race,
animal, plant or chemical fertilizers. religion or gender.
A) had been used A) didn’t use to discriminate
B) has to use B) should not discriminate
C) must be used C) won’t have discriminated
D) used to use D) hasn’t been discriminating
E) can be used E) cannot be discriminated
16. During some of the war years, my father and 22. The company ---- the advertisement because
his brother were separated ---- their parents several viewers ---- that it was offensive.
because they were evacuated from London
to the countryside. A) was being withdrawn / will complain
B) withdraws / had complained
A) with
C) had been withdrawn / were complaining
B) for
D) could have withdrawn / complain
C) about
E) had to withdraw / complained
D) from
E) towards 23. Strict dieting to lose weight ---- only under a
physician’s care.
17. In our company the sales repre sentatives
and the managers are provided ---- a A) has attempted
company car. B) should be attempted
A) with C) is attempting
B) from D) must have attempted
C) by E) had been attempting
D) into 24. Are you sure my table ---- by this cleaning
E) for fluid?
A) won’t have damaged
B) hadn’t damaged
18. The film “Rainmaker” is based ---- the book
of the same name by John Grisham and tells C) won’t be damaged
the story of a newly qualified lawyer. D) isn’t damaging
A) for E) hasn’t been damaging
B) from
C) on
D) with
E) by

86
25. It’s our principle that the petrol tank ---- 31. I ---- scuba diving lessons since last year, but
before the rental car ---- to the customer. I still ---- accustomed to breathing with all
that equipment.
A) is filled / is delivered
B) must be filled / has delivered A) took / hadn’t got
C) has filled / has been delivered B) am taking / didn’t get
D) was filled / had delivered C) have been taking / haven’t got
E) will have filled / delivers D) am taken / wasn’t getting
E) will be taken / won’t be getting
26. This morning, the attendant ---- a baby who --
-- in an old blanket on the steps of the 32. You ---- the dogs in; otherwise, they ----
country hospital. frightened when the fireworks go off.
A) finds / wrapped A) must have brought / got
B) was being found / has been wrapped B) should have brought / have got
C) is finding / was wrapping C) are brought / are getting
D) found / was wrapped D) had better bring / will get
E) was found / had been wrapped E) have been brought / get
27. The sailing ship ---- about like a toy by the 33. As far as I know, the body ---- by a child who
strong November wind. ---- his bike through the park.
A) threw A) has discovered / is riding
B) had thrown B) had discovered / was ridden
C) throws C) was being discovered / rides
D) was being thrown D) is discovered / is being ridden
E) has been throwing E) was discovered / was riding
28. All of the trees that ---- by the disease ---- ; 34. The secretary ---- ---- in the conspiracy, but
otherwise, the problem will spread through we don’t know whether she actually shot the
the whole orchard. senator or not.
A) affect / must have been destroyed A) has been known / to be involving
B) are affected / should be destroyed B) is known / to have been involved
C) have been affected / destroy C) will have known / to involve
D) have been affecting / might be destroyed D) knew / to have involved
E) are affecting / will have been destroyed E) had been known / having involved
29. In some states in the U SA, prisoners who 35. Robert is so clumsy with words that whenever
have received the death sentence ---- by he ---- his mouth, he ---- somebody.
lethal injection, while other states ----
prisoners in an “electric chair”. A) opens / insults
B) opened / is insulted
A) have been killing / are executed
C) will open / has insulted
B) had been killed / will execute
D) will have opened / is insulting
C) are killed / execute
E) had opened / was insulted
D) will kill / are going to execute
E) are killing / are executing
30. Most of the animals which now ---- wild on
the island ---- there during the 19th century.
A) live / were brought
B) are living / had brought
C) were living / are brought
D) have been living / brought
E) lived / have been brought

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 7. As we ---- towards the Brandenb urg Gate in
Berlin, thousands of people ---- in the
SET 3 opposite direction to protest about the
increase in telephone rates.
1. Oh, gosh! You ---- with a shark coming A) were being walked / have marched
straight towards you.
B) were walked / are marching
A) must have been terrified C) were walking / have been marching
B) could have terrified D) walked / were marching
C) must have been terrifying E) are walking / had marched
D) should have terrified
8. After my father ---- me his old bicycle, I ---- to
E) used to be terrifying university, which was better for my health.
2. The forest fire ---- an area of the Amazonian A) was given / had cycled
rain forest the size of Fra nce.
B) has been given / have been cycling
A) was destroyed C) was giving / will be cycling
B) destroys D) has given / will cycle
C) will be destroyed E) had given / cycled
D) has destroyed
9. When the meadow behind the farm ----, my
E) had been destroyed brother’s hayfever ----.
3. Spiders ---- by many people, but most of A) was mowed / deteriorated
them ---- to be harmless.
B) mows / has deteriorated
A) had feared / were known C) had been mowed / deteriorates
B) have been feared / knew D) mowed / had been deteriorating
C) are feared / are known E) will have mowed / is deteriorating
D) have feared / have known
10. The Irish people ---- to Christianity by Saint
E) will be feared / know Patrick in the 5th century and Ireland had
4. Although specifically directed against been a great centre of peace, culture and
slavery, the 13th Amendment to the US learning until it ---- by Vikings in the 9th
Constitution ---- since ---- by the federal century.
courts as applicable to all forms of enforced A) have converted / invades
labour.
B) were converted / was invaded
A) is / being viewed C) were converting / has invaded
B) has / been viewed D) have been converting / was invading
C) will / have been viewed E) had converted / was being invaded
D) has / been viewing
11. I ---- to see that the thing which ---- out of the
E) is / viewing bushes in front of me in the dark alley was
5. My mother is quite old now and sometimes only a cat.
she ---- up and down steps. A) had relieved / was jumped
A) was to be helped B) would relive / was jumping
B) has helped C) have been relieved / is jumping
C) used to help D) was relieved / jumped
D) must have helped E) am relieved / is jumped
E) has to be helped 12. I wonder whether the hotel ---- us with towels
6. As none of us have been there before, we ---- or not.
how much time we ---- for the journey. A) is provided
A) won’t decide / allowed B) was provided
B) can’t decide / should allow C) had provided
C) might not decide / had allowed D) will provide
D) aren’t decided / allow E) is being provided
E) haven’t been decided / will allow

88
13. Fog over a city is usually more intense than 19. Sugar-free chewing gums ---- in the 1950s,
over the surrounding countryside because and by the 1980s several brands ---- on the
the city ---- a greater amount of moisture into market.
the atmosphere.
A) were introducing / were appearing
A) is discharged B) were introduced / had appeared
B) has discharged C) had been introduced / will appear
C) discharges D) would have introduced / appeared
D) was discharged E) have been introduced / would be appearing
E) will be discharged
20. I really hate ---- waiting at the dentist.
14. While she ---- the documents, she ---- several
new French words. A) being kept
B) keeping
A) was translating / learnt
C) to have kept
B) translated / is learning
D) having kept
C) is translated / has learned
E) to keep
D) has been translating / will learn
E) translates / was learning 21. Are you going to hold a party when you ----?

15. It’s has been a wonderful party! I ---- myself A) were promoting
so much in a long tim e. B) will promote
A) don’t enjoy C) are promoted
B) won’t enjoy D) have promoted
C) wasn’t enjoying E) will be promoting
D) haven’t enjoyed 22. The twins ---- after by a German nanny for the
E)am not enjoying last three years, so they can both speak
German quite fluently.
16. Usually I ---- cash for things because I ----
using credit cards. A) are looking
B) were being looked
A) pay / don’t like
C) have been looked
B) have paid / didn’t like
D) will have looked
C) am paid / am not liked
E) have been looking
D) am paying / haven’t liked
E) have been paid / won’t like 23. A: What have you done to your ankle?

17. I know that you ---- here in the bathroom, B: I ---- over while I ---- on Sunday.
son, because I ---- the smoke at this very A) was tripped / had hiked
moment.
B) would be tripping / have hiked
A) smoke / am smelling C) had tripped / hiked
B) smoked / could smell D) had been tripped / would be hiking
C) have been smoking / can smell E) tripped / was hiking
D) were smoked / used to smell
24. Jeff ---- himself how to play the guitar during
E) are smoking / might smell his years at university, and now he ---- the
18. This is the fifth time they ---- this record instrument like a professional.
this morning. I wonder when they ---- tired of A) has taught / is played
it?
B) taught / plays
A) play / are getting C) was teaching / will play
B) were played / got D) will be taught / has played
C) had played / were getting E) had been taught / was played
D) are played / have got
E) have played / will get

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25. I ---- able to understand a lot more Tur kish 31. The results ---- by now, so let’s phone dad
since the principles of vowel harmony ---- to and see if he knows the score.
me.
A) should have broadcast
A) will be / explained B) might broadcast
B) was / had explained C) ought to be broadcasting
C) should be / were explaining D) must have been broadcast
D) am / are explaining E) will have been broadcasting
E) have been / were explained
32. We ---- some sleep when we get home
26. By the end of the month, you ---- to lessons because we ---- on a coach for sixteen hours.
for two months, so you ---- to take your
proficiency test. A) will need / will have been travelling
B) needed / have been travelling
A) are coming / have been allowed
C) are needed / are going to travel
B) are going to be coming / have allowed
D) were needed / had been travelling
C) will have been coming / will be allowed
E) need / are travelling
D) have been coming / are allowed
E) had been coming / will have allowed 33. The head chef ---- that only fresh vegetables -
--- in the production of their soups.
27. You ---- your machine on the 13th March, so,
allowing seven days for delivery, it ---- on or A) has claimed / will have used
before the 20th. B) was claimed / used
A) ordered / will be delivered C) is claimed / have been used
B) have been ordering / has delivered D) claims / are used
C) are ordered / will be delivering E) claimed / were using
D) are being ordered / is going to deliver 34. A monastery ---- on this site in the 11th
E) will have ordered / delivers century, but these remains are of a late r
structure, which ---- in the 13th century.
28. They ---- the brochures but they haven’t
bound them yet, so they ---- them until A) was founding / had built
Monday. B) founded / was building
A) have been printed / shouldn’t deliver C) was founded / was built
B) have printed / can’t deliver D) had been founded / has been built
C) are printing / haven’t delivered E) have founded / would be built
D) are printed / couldn’t deliver 35. Unfortunately, the student had confused the
E) will print / wouldn’t deliver “present perfect” ---- the “past perfect” and
therefore, he scored rather badly on his last
29. The teacher was certain that some of the examination.
students ---- by the new grammar, but they ---
- any questions. A) for
B) with
A) had confused / weren’t asked
C) about
B) were confusing / hadn’t asked
D) by
C) had been confused / aren’t asked
E) from
D) were confused / didn’ t ask
E) will be confused / haven’t asked 36. As long as I ---- at least three times a week,
I’m sure I ---- any stage fright before the
30. Saturated fats ---- ---- the level of performance.
cholesterol in the blood.
A) rehearse / won’t experience
A) have known / to be raising B) am rehearsing / haven’t experienced
B) know / having raised C) was rehearsing / hadn’t experienced
C) were known / to be raised D) will rehearse / am not experiencing
D) knew / to have been raised E) rehearsed / don’t experience
E) are known / to raise

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37. Hopefully, I ---- refreshed and invigorated by 44. The parcel ---- back to the Post Office,
the time I ---- from holiday. because I was at work when they ---- to
deliver it.
A) am feeling / have returned
B) was feeling / was returned A) took / were tired
C) will be feeling / return B) has been taking / are trying
D) am going to feel / am returned C) is taken / are tired
E) will have felt / had returned D) had been taken / have tried
E) was taken / tried
38. Why is it always regarded as so funny when
someone ---- on a banana skin? 45. The nations of Central America ---- many
cultural characteristics, and except in Belize,
A) is slipped Spanish ---- in all of them as the official
B) slipped language.
C) was slipped A) share / is spoken
D) had slipped B) are sharing / has spoken
E) slips C) are shared / has bee n speaking
39. I ---- her only when she ---- that she was D) were sharing / had spoken
wrong. E) shared / is speaking
A) forgave / was admitted
B) forgive / is admitted
C) will forgive / admits
D) am going to forgive / admitted
E) have forgiven / will admit
40. Are you sure you ---- an umbrella? It looks as
if it ----?
A) didn’t need / has rained
B) haven’t needed / has been raining
C) don’t need / had been raining
D) won’t need / is going to rain
E) hadn’t needed / was raining
41. The party ---- only to employees. The
employees’ families ---- as well.
A) doesn’t limit / have invited
B) isn’t limited / are invited
C) wasn’t limited / invited
D) hasn’t limited / had been invited
E) won’t limit / were invited
42. The letters ----- in a drawer, in which Emily ---
- all her personal keepsakes.
A) are hidden / was kept
B) were hidden / kept
C) are hiding / is kept
D) hid / was keeping
E) had hidden / keeps
43. We ---- the evening until Frank ---- to an
emergency.
A) enjoyed / has been called
B) enjoyed / was calling
C) were enjoying / was called
D) had enjoyed / has called
E) will be enjoying / had been called

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 PASSIVE VOICE - PART I PASSIVE VOICE - PART I
SET 1 SET 2
1 B 21 D 1 C 21 E
2 B 22 E 2 B 22 E
3 A 23 B 3 D 23 B
4 E 24 C 4 A 24 C
5 C 25 C 5 C 25 A
6 D 26 B 6 E 26 D
7 B 27 D 7 D 27 D
8 C 28 A 8 E 28 B
9 D 29 E 9 A 29 C
10 E 30 E 10 A 30 A
11 E 31 B 11 B 31 C
12 A 32 A 12 E 32 D
13 D 33 C 13 D 33 E
14 C 34 D 14 C 34 B
15 A 35 E 15 B 35 A
16 E 16 D
17 C 17 A
18 D 18 C
19 B 19 B
20 A 20 D

PASSIVE VOICE - PART I

SET 3
1 A 21 C 41 B
2 D 22 C 42 B
3 C 23 E 43 C
4 B 24 B 44 E
5 E 25 E 45 A
6 B 26 C
7 D 27 A
8 E 28 B
9 A 29 D
10 B 30 E
11 D 31 D
12 D 32 A
13 C 33 D
14 A 34 C
15 D 35 B
16 A 36 A
17 C 37 C
18 E 38 E
19 B 39 C
20 A 40 D

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