Health Information System

(HIS-MLS) | BATCH 2024

College of allied medical professions – Lyceum of the Philippines university-batangas

CHAPTER II
HEALTH SYSTEM
HEALTH SYSTEM b. identifying an institutional framework
c. coordinating activities with other systems
related to external healthcare
 “The combination of resources, organization, financing, and d. analyzing health priorities and resource
management that culminate in the delivery of health generation trends and their implications
services to the population.” (Roemer, 1991) e. generating appropriate data for effective
decision-making and policy-making on health
 “All the organizations, institutions, resources, and people matters
whose primary purpose is to improve health.” (WHO, 2000)
4. Health Financing
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH SYSTEM • includes raising and pooling resources to pay for health
services
 Community
 Department/ministries of health a. Revenue Collection
 Health care providers - general taxation
 Health service organizations - direct household out-of-pocket expenditures
 Pharmaceutical companies - mandatory payroll contributions
 Health financing bodies, etc. - mandatory or voluntary risk-rated contributions
- donor financing
GOALS AND FUNCTIONS OF HEALTH SYSTEM - other forms of personal savings
• Public health systems rely on general taxation
• Social security organizations are funded through
GOALS OF HEALTH SYSTEM mandatory payroll contributions from workers or
1. Improving health of populations employers
• populations must be protected from existing and
emerging health risks b. Risk Pooling
• health systems should strive for equity and minimize • form of risk management which aims to spread
disparities caused by income,ethnicity, occupation, financial risks from an individual to all pool members
gender, geographic location, sexual orientation, etc. • core function of health insurance companies
• prevents outright payment for health services
2. Improving the responsiveness of the health system • prevents financial losses due to health shocks
• responsiveness refers to providing satisfactory health • MODELS OF FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
services and engaging people as active partners a. Bismarck Model
• embodies the values of respectfulness, dignity, o named after Otto von Bismarck
confidentiality, autonomy, quality, and timeliness in the o sickness fund finances both the employers
delivery of health services and employees through payroll deduction
o covers everybody, non-profit
3. Providing fair health financing b. Beveridge Model
• Ideal health system provides social and financial risk o named after William Beveridge
protection in health o health care is provided and funded by the
• According to WHO, a fairly financed health system government through tax payments
(1) money does not deter individuals from receiving healthcare o government owns many, but not all, hospitals
(2) individual pays approximately the same percentage of their and clinics in the country
income for needed services o doctors collect professional fees from the
government
FUNCTIONS OF HEALTH SYSTEM o low cost per capita since government controls
1. Health Service Provision the health services
• most visible product of a health system
• includes both clinical services and preventive medicine c. Strategic purchasing
• aims to improve the health of the population • risk pooling organizations use collected funds and
pooled financial resources to finance health care
2. Health Service Inputs services for the members
• generating the essential physical resources for the • purchaser defines the substantial part of the health
delivery of health services provider's external incentives
• includes medications, human resources, medical
equipment

3. Stewardship wHO HEALTH SYSTEM FRAMEWORK

• overall system oversight, main responsibility of the
government BUILDING BLOCKS
• sets the direction, context and policy framework of the  Service delivery – timely delivery of quality and cost
overall health system effective personal and non-personal services.
• CORE STEWARDSHIP FUNCTIONS:  Health workforce – individuals or groups working
a. identifying health priorities for allocation of towards achievements of best health outcomes and
public resources must be sufficient and fairly distributed.
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HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM | CHAPTER II-HEALTH SYSTEM
 Health Information System
(HIS-MLS) | BATCH 2024
College of allied medical professions – Lyceum of the Philippines university-batangas

CHAPTER II
HEALTH SYSTEM
 Information (HIS) – analyzes, disseminates, and uses  DOH coordinates its national health programs
reliable and relevant information on health status, through the Local Government Units (LGUs)
determinants.  As of 2010, there are:
 Health products, vaccines and technologies –  78 provincial governors
made accessible through uninterrupted supply, well-  138 city mayors
managed pharmaceutical services and education on  1,496 municipal mayors
the proper use of medication.  42,025 barangay chairpersons
 Financing - takes care of the funding of health
services to guarantee that people can use health Department of Health is duty-bound to:
services when needed.  Develop policies and programs for the health sector
 Leadership and governance - ensured effective
 Provide technical assistance to its partners
stewardship of the entire health system. Monitors and
 Encourage performance of the partners in the priority
accountability of private and public health agencies,
health programs
proper system design, and appropriate regulation of
health systems.  Develop and enforce policies and standards
 Design programs for large segments of the population
 Provide specialized and tertiary level care
THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH SYSTEM
Directions of the Philippine health sector
 Health Service Delivery
 Health Regulation  The Philippine Health Agenda 2016-2022 (DOH
 Health Financing Administrative Order 2016-0038)
 reforms are made to address issues such as poor - “All for Health Towards Health For All”
accessibility, inequity, and inefficiency of the Philippine - Expanded the scope of Universal Health Care
Health System  The Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022
- first of the four key medium-term plans to translate the
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT vision of a “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay”
 1979: Adoption of the Primary Health Care for the Filipinos and the country.
Strategy (LOI 949) - promoted participatory  NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040
management of the local health care system - envision a better life for all Filipinos and the country
 1982: Reorganization of the DOH (EO 851) - in the next 25 years by formulating policies and
integrated the components of health care delivery implementing programs and projects to attain this
into its field operations AmBisyon
 1988: The Generics Act (RA 6675) - ushered the - focuses on four areas: building a prosperous,
writing of prescriptions using the generic names of predominantly middle-class society where no one is
drugs poor; promoting a long and healthy life; becoming
 1991: Local Government Code (RA 7160) - smarter and more innovative; and building a high-trust
transferred the responsibility of providing health society
service to the local government units  Sustainable Development Goals 2030
 1995: National Health Insurance Act (RA 7875) - - also known as 2030 Agenda
instituted a national health insurance mechanism - compilation of 17 global development goals that cover
for financial protection with priority given to the poor social and economic development issues including
 1999: Health Sector Reform Agenda - ordered poverty, hunger, health, education, global warming,
the major organizational restructuring of the DOH gender equality, water, sanitation, energy,
to improve the way health care is delivered, urbanization, environment, and social justice.
regulated, and financed.
 2005: FOURmula One (F1) for Health - adopted
an operational framework to undertake reforms Case in point: rwanda
with speed, precision and effective coordination
and to improve the Philippine health system  The quality of healthcare in Rwanda has historically been
 2008: Universally Accessible Cheaper and very low, both before and immediately after the 1994
Quality Medicines Act (RA 9502) - promoted and genocide.
ensured access to affordable quality drugs and  In 1998, more than one in five children died before their fifth
medicines for all birthday, often from malaria.
 2010: Kalusugang Pangkalahatan or Universal  In 2000, Paul Kagame was elected as the new president of
Health Care (AO 2010-0036) - provided universal Rwanda.
health coverage and access to quality health care  Kagame made healthcare one of the priorities for the Vision
for all Filipinos. 2020 development programme, boosting spending on
health care to 6.5% of the country's gross domestic product
LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE in 2013, compared with 1.9% in 1996.
 DOH is mandated to provide the appropriate  The government has devolved the financing and
direction for the nation's health care industry management of healthcare to local communities, through a

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HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM | CHAPTER II-HEALTH SYSTEM
 Health Information System
(HIS-MLS) | BATCH 2024
College of allied medical professions – Lyceum of the Philippines university-batangas

CHAPTER II
HEALTH SYSTEM
system of health insurance providers called mutuelles de
santé.
 As of 2014, more than 90% of the population was covered
by the scheme.
 In 2005, President Kagame also launched a program
known as The Presidents' Malaria Initiative. This initiative
aimed to help get the most necessary materials for
prevention of malaria to the most rural areas of Rwanda,
such as mosquito nets and medication.
 In recent years Rwanda has seen improvement on several
key health indicators.
 Between 2005 and 2013:
o life expectancy increased from 55.2 to 64.0
o under-5 mortality decreased from 106.4 to 52.0 per
1,000 live births and
o incidence of tuberculosis has dropped from 101 to 69
per 100,000 people.

The drastic improvement of the country’s health profile has

been lauded and cited internationally:
 The Atlantic devoted an article to "Rwanda's Historic
Health Recovery".
 Partners In Health described the health gains "among the
most dramatic the world has seen in the last 50 years.”

Prepared by:
Arquiza, Ramon Joseph
Cueto, Kyla Mae
Manalo, Aiza

https://tinyurl.com/TransMLS1B
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HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM | CHAPTER II-HEALTH SYSTEM