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Shs Gen - Chem 1-q1 Mel-4 Week-1
Shs Gen - Chem 1-q1 Mel-4 Week-1
General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet
Quarter 1 – MELC 4
Week 1
Simple Separation Techniques
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General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet No. 4 - Simple Separation Techniques
First Edition, 2020
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Introductory Message
Welcome to General Chemistry 1!
The General Chemistry 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
teaching and learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you
and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the
references/links to ease the independent learning.
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Name of Learner:__________________________________________________________
Grade and Section:________________________ Date: __________________________
Chemical mixtures are part of your day to day life. From your usual
morning chocolate drink to your nightly skincare routine, mixtures of
chemical substances are present. Since you are dealing with mixtures most
of the time, it is important that as Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM) student, you understand what mixture is.
Differentiating one type from the others, and identifying the appropriate
technique in separating the components of a specific type of mixture are the
things you need to understand. You might not be aware of it, but some of
these techniques are already familiar to you like the way you decant water
when washing the rice before cooking it. Or have you ever tried to avoid eating
the raisins from your salad by carefully pushing them aside? Have you
observed your mother as she extracts the coconut milk from the coconut meat
using a cheese cloth?
While many of these techniques are already familiar to you, there are
more of these which you use in the laboratory. Separating mixtures is basic
yet crucial skill to master as a STEM learner. You use it almost all the time
while working in the laboratory.
Now, you will learn about these techniques by answering the series of
activities in this Learning Activity Sheet.
MIXTURES
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WAYS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES
Extraction
This technique uses a solvent to selectively dissolve one component of
a solid mixture. It can separate a soluble solid from an insoluble one.
Decantation
This process separates a liquid from insoluble and heavy solid sediment
by carefully pouring the liquid into another container without
disturbing the solids.
Sublimation
Sublimation is a process by which a solid change directly to gaseous
state without forming into a liquid. This process involves the separation
of a solid which sublimes from other solids that do not. The vapor of the
sublimed solid can be cooled and be deposited again as solid.
Distillation
The process works under the differences of boiling points. In a mixture
of liquids with different boiling points, the liquid with lower boiling point
changes to gaseous state first. This can be collected and converted back
to the liquid state.
Centrifugation
The process involves the setting of tiny suspended particles using a
centrifuge –a device spinning up to 30,000 rpm (rotations per minute).
Separation is achieved by spinning a vessel containing material at high
speed; the centrifugal force pushes heavier materials to the outside of
the vessel.
Crystallization
This process involves the lowering of temperature of solutions so that
the solids that are dissolved in liquid crystallizes out.
Chromatography
This involves separation of solution by using a solvent to breakdown its
components (mobile phase) and allowing it to flow along a stationary
material (stationary phase) at different rates. Each chemical substance
has a distinct rate of flow which separates it from other chemical
components in a mixture. There are several types of chromatography.
Below are the descriptions of each type:
• Liquid Chromatography. It is used to analyze metal ions and organic
compounds in solutions. Liquid chromatography uses liquids which
may incorporate hydrophilic, insoluble molecules.
• Gas Chromatography. It is an analytical technique used to separate
the chemical components of a sample mixture and then detect them
to determine their presence or absence and/or how much is present.
These chemical components are usually organic molecules or gases.
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• Thin-layer Chromatography uses an absorbent material on flat
glass or plastic plates. This is a simple and rapid method to check
the purity of an organic compound.
• Paper Chromatography is one of the most common types of
chromatography. It uses a strip of paper as the stationary phase.
Capillary action is used to pull the solvents up through the paper and
separate the solutes.
Filtration
This technique separates a fine and light solid through the use of
porous material as filter.
Evaporation
This is a method of heating a homogenous mixture in order to drive off,
in the form of vapor, a volatile liquid to make the dissolved solid dry.
1. Gina wants to know the different dyes which the manufacturer mixed
together to make the black ink of her water-based marker. She knew from
her General Chemistry class that she can separate these colors by using a
solvent to breakdown the component dyes and she can separate them by
allowing the mixture to flow along a stationary material like a filter paper.
A. What solvent will she use?
___________________________________________________________________
B. What technique will she use to separate the different dye colors?
__________________________________________________________________
2. You are asked by your mother to cook rice. You added rice and water
on the pot and wash the rice, then you allowed the rice grains to settle at
the bottom of the pot before slowly pouring the water out. What technique
are you using?
___________________________________________________________________
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3. You learned from your Chemistry class that the boiling point of ethyl
alcohol is at 78⁰C. As it reaches this temperature, ethanol will start to
evaporate. You are given a bottle of 70% ethyl alcohol.
A. What do you think composes the other 30% in that bottle? What is its
boiling point?
___________________________________________________________________
B. How are you going to separate the ethanol from the other component
in the mixture? Take note that you are just asked to separate the
components but not to contain them.
___________________________________________________________________
Activity 2:
Directions: The illustrations below show the different techniques in
separating mixture. Identify the technique shown in the illustration and
describe each. Do this in a separate sheet of paper.
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
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Activity 3:
Case No. 1
IV. Reflection
I don’t understand
___________________________________________________________________
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V. Answer Key
REFERENCES
Andarada, Hazel G. (2015) Laboratory Manual in Chemistry – 11 (General
Chemistry 1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_GHqyG9jsM
https://www.britannica.com/science/vacuum-physics
https://www.biocompare.com/Lab-Equipment/Laboratory-Centrifuges
https://www.soinc.org/sites/default/files/uploaded_files/forensics/For_Ch
romatography3.pdf
PHOTO CREDITS
https://images.app.goo.gl/DRnmPxB3bwrqQCFWA
https://images.app.goo.gl/brKeH5o3LBbJXKxk7
https://images.app.goo.gl/QvPzTaVxQES4oJMk8
https://images.app.goo.gl/YfyCFsgjyU6djao3A
https://images.app.goo.gl/UBc9RR7XhJm1srP69