White Board

20-Jul-21
DESIGN FEATURES OF DIESEL ENGINE &
BASIC OF TRACTION

20-Jul-21 Lecturer (D)/IRIMEE

 Introduction to Diesel engine
➢ As commonly known, there are two types of engines –
◼ External Combustion Engine and
◼ Internal Combustion Engine.
➢ The Internal Combustion engines are again divided
into –
◼ Spark Ignition engines and
◼ Compression Ignition engine,
➢ The basic purpose of an IC engine is to develop
power by burning fuel. Therefore, good performance
of an Engine is dependent on how quickly and
completely the fuel can be burnt.
➢ The process of combustion in the compression
ignition engine differs widely from that of spark ignition
engine.
➢ Compression Ratio 20-Jul-21
 FOUR STROKE/ TWO STROKE CYCLE

➢ While in four stroke cycle engines, suction,

compression, fuel injection, exhaust and
scavenging, are completed in four strokes of
the piston or two revolutions of the crank,
➢ In two stroke engines all these are completed
in two strokes of the piston or one revolution of
the crankshaft.

20-Jul-21
20-Jul-21
Four stroke Diesel Engine

20-Jul-21
20-Jul-21
Engine & Engine components
Crank case Assembly
 CYLINDER ARRANGEMENTS AND
ENGINE LAYOUT

➢ Both 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycle can be with

many arrangements of cylinders. For rail
traction use, in our country, only inline vertical
engines, V-engines, and inline horizontal
engines are used. Vertical inline engines are
used for low hp shunters. V-engines are used
for higher hp.

20-Jul-21
 Technical Terms ( Engine)
➢ Atomisation
➢ Injection of Fuel
➢ Delay Period of fuel injection
➢ Blow Bye
➢ Fuel dilution
➢ Knocking phenomenon in Engine
➢ Cetane number
➢ Compression Ratio
➢ Compression pressure
20-Jul-21
Type of BG Loco
 Type of Diesel locomotives in IR
as on 01/3/2021

Diesel loco
5343Nos

ALCO GM/HHP GE
2602Nos 2458 Nos 283Nos
Approx 48% Approx 46% Approx 6%

20-Jul-21
 Intro-Diesel Electric Locomotive

➢ In the early 1960, IR began conversion of its

mainline from steam to Diesel locomotives.
For this conversion,WDM2 (2600HP) diesel
loco was first introduced in 1962 in IR.it was of
ALCO design.
➢ In year 1999, WDP4(4000HP) &
WDG4(4000HP) loco of GM design were
introduced. Further, These locos are also
known as HHP locomotive.

20-Jul-21
Diesel Electric locomotive

20-Jul-21
Diesel Electric Locomotive
 LOCO Terminologies
➢ Nose compt ,Driver’s cabin,Control compt
,Radiator rm with Under truck is called as
Locomotive.
◼ Short hood end
◼ Long hood end
◼ Right side of locomotives
◼ Left side of the locomotive

➢ Gen.room,Engine room and Expressor room

is called as Diesel engine
◼ Right
side of the engine & Left side of the engine
◼ Power take off end & Free end
20-Jul-21
Function of Diesel electric locomotive(AC-AC)

20-Jul-21
 Power Transmission (AC-DC)
(WDG3A,WDM3A,WDM3C etc)

20-Jul-21
Major components of Diesel
locomotive

20-Jul-21
Engine Block

20-Jul-21
POWER PACK UNDER
ASSEMBLY
20-Jul-21
 ENGINE BLOCK(Cylinder
Block)
❑ Engine block houses 8 cylinders in each side in
V arrangement.
❑ In this way ,total 16 cylinders can be fitted in a
Engine block.
❑ In engine block,There is cavity for cooling water
circulation.
❑ Engine block is of steel plate,welded together and
mounted on Engine base (Crank case)with the
help of nuts and bolts.
❑ One V type gallery is provided as Air inlet
manifold.
20-Jul-21
 CRANK SHAFT
➢ 16 Cylinder Engine
Crankshaft
❑ No of Main
Bearings- 9
❑ Location of Centre
Journal- 5
❑ No. of Crankpins- 8
◼ For Lifting - 2 & 7
◼ For Support- 3 and 7

20-Jul-21
.
Traction Gen/Traction Alternator
➢ Traction Generator
❑ It produces DC
current for operation
of all Tr. Motors, its
field excitation.
➢ Traction Alternator
❑ In AC/DC locos, TA
is provided & it
produces AC
current.
20-Jul-21
 Aux. Generator
➢ This is a DC
generator.
➢ It supplies current
for batteries
charging on loco.
➢ It supplies current
for operation of CC
Ex.Motor, Fuel P/P
motor, ECC coil
assly, Relays and
lighting etc. 20-Jul-21
 FTMB
➢ It is gear driven from
the main generator
shaft.
➢ It supplies air to the
Tr.motors No-1,2,3
fitted with wheel
axle below the driver
cabin.

20-Jul-21
 Cam Shaft
➢ 3 Cams are
provided for each
Cylinder
➢ Opening and closing
Inlet and Exhaust
valves.
➢ Timely injection of
fuel in Cylinder.

20-Jul-21
Cylinder head

20-Jul-21
Piston & connecting rod

20-Jul-21
WATER CIRCULATING PUMP
➢ Centrifugal type
pump
➢ Located on the free
end
➢ Driven by the Crank
shaft
➢ Discharge pressure-
25 PSI. (Min.)

20-Jul-21
 Lube oil pump
➢ Gear type pump
➢ Mounted on the free
end
➢ Driven by the diesel
engine

20-Jul-21
 Turbo Super Charger
➢ Air charge of higher
density during
suction stroke of
piston.
➢ Fitted above After
cooler housing at
free end .
➢ Pressure upper limit
-1.80- 2.20 kg/cm2.

20-Jul-21
 AFTER COOLER
➢ Cool the inlet air.
➢ The cooler consists
of-
❑ a tube bundle
mounted
❑ in the air intake
passage

20-Jul-21
 FIP & FUEL PUMP SUPPORT
➢ FIP injects the fuel
oil in the cylinder
through HP tube &
Fuel injector.
➢ It is mounted on FI
Support.

20-Jul-21
 GOVERNOR
➢ Controls the speed
of the diesel engine
by regulating the
rate of fuel
injection.
◼ Electro-Hydraulic
Gov. (GE)
◼ Mech–Hydraulic
Governor (WW Gov.)
◼ Microprocessors
Controller Based
Governor(MCBG) 20-Jul-21
 Radiator compartment
◼ Horizontal Shaft.
◼ RTMB & Pulley.
◼ Lube oil CLR.
◼ Radiators core.
◼ ECC
◼ Right angle gear box.
◼ Universal Shaft.
◼ Radiator fan.
◼ Lube oil filter tank.
◼ Exp.tank (155 ltrs)

20-Jul-21
 RADIATORS & R/FAN
➢ Vertically mounted- Rear of the locomotive.
➢ Dissipate heat from water & exhausting the hot
air through roof opening.
➢ Radiator Fan- A single thermostatically
controlled engine cooling water fan.
➢ Driven by universal joint vertical drive shaft
,through the ECC & right angle gear box.

20-Jul-21
 Bogie /Under truck
❑3 axle, Independent
Driven Bogie
❑ CO-CO type,

❑ Three point loading

◼ Pivot Pin -60%
◼ Side L/Bearer-40%
❑ Single piece cast
steel
❑ Adhesion-27%.

❑ Suspended traction
motor arrangement. 20-Jul-21
 Type of Locos(Broad gauge)
➢ ALCO type locos.
◼ WDM3A- 3100HP
◼ WDG3A-3100HP
◼ WDP3A-3100HP
◼ WDG3D-3300HP

➢ GM/EMD type locos

◼ WDG4-4000HP
◼ WDG4D-4500HP
◼ WDP4D-4500HP
◼ WDG5- 5500HP

20-Jul-21
 ALCO locomotives
WDM3A WDM3D

20-Jul-21
 Feature of various model locos
MAIN WDM2 WDM2C WDP1 WDG2 WDP2
PARTICULARS
ENG. HORSE 2600/2400 3100/2900 2300/2150 HP 3100/2900 3100/2900
POWER HP HP HP HP
WHEEL Co-Co Co-Co Bo-Bo Co-Co Co-Co
ARRANGEMET
MAX SPEED (KM) 120kmph 120kmph 120kmph 100 kmph 140kmph
TRANSMISSION DC-DC AC-DC AC-DC AC-DC AC-DC
LENGTH OVER 15862 mm 15862mm 14810mm 17850mm 19182mm
BUFFER BEAMS
WT.IN WORKING 112.81t 112.81t 80t 123t 117t
ORDER
MAX.AXLEL 18.8t 18.8t 20t 21t 19.5t
LOAD
MAX.STARTING 30.4t(27%) 30.4t(27%) 20t(25%) 37.9t(30.8% 29.25t
EFFORT )
20-Jul-21
 Cont…
MAIN WDM2 WDM2C WDP1 WDG2 WDP2
PARTICULARS
Engine /make & 251-B 251-C, 16 251-C, 12 251- 251-C, 16
Type ALCO CYL. CYL. C,16CYL. CYL.
16 CYL. UPGRADED UPGRADED UPGRADE UPGRAD
D ED
RPM(MAX/IDLE 1000/400 1050/400 1000/400 1050/400 1050/400

TURBO SUPER ALCO 720 ABB/NAP NAP NA295 NAP NA NAP NA

CHARGER NA 295IR 295IR/ABB/ 295IR
GE/HS
GOVERNOR GE/WW GE/WW WOODWARD WW/ MCBG WW/MC
BG

RPM 1000 1050 1000 1050 1050

Capacities
FUEL OIL 5000LT 5000 LT 3000LT 6000 LT 5000 LT
WATER 1210 1210 1210 1210 1210
20-Jul-21
LUB OIL 910 1150 760 1150 1150
 GM/HHP locomotives
WDG4-4000HP WDP4D-4500HP

20-Jul-21
 GM/HHP locomotives
➢ Model : GT46MAC,EMD,2 stroke
,16 cylinders.
➢ Total wt of loco on rail:
126.010T
➢ Comp. atio: 16:1
➢ Displacement per Cylinder:
710 Cubic Inch (11 635
cm3)
➢ Engine speed : 200/904 RPM,
➢ Gear Ratio: 90:17,
➢ Wheel arrangement: Co-Co
➢ Fuel Capacity: 6000 Litres
➢ Max. Speed :100 Km/h
➢ Maximum Stall Tractive Effort:
540KN

20-Jul-21
 WDP4B-Technical features
➢ Engine speed-954RPM
➢ Gross Horse Power-
4500HP
➢ Wheel Axle Configuration-
Co-Co(with 6 MAC TM)
➢ Maximum operating
speed-130KMPH
➢ Locomotive weight-123 T
➢ Nominal Axle Load -20.5 T
➢ Fuel Tank Capacity-
5000Lts
➢ Starting TE-460KN
➢ Dynamic Brake Effort-
230KN
20-Jul-21
 WDP4D-Technical feature
➢ 4500 HP Locomotive for
Passenger operation
➢ Locomotive weight-123±2% T
➢ Nominal Axle Load -20.5 T
➢ 5000 liter Fuel Tank Capacity
➢ Co-Co Axle Configuration
➢ 460 KN Starting TE
➢ 230 KN Dynamic Brake Effort
➢ 130 KMPH maximum
operating speed
➢ 22.5 KMPH minimum
continuous speed

20-Jul-21
WDG5-General Characteristics
➢ Under frame (Chassis) & Carbody
❑ High Strength Lighter Weight Underframe
❑ Anti-Climber feature
❑ Light weight – carbody access doors – for ease of maintenance
❑ Electronic Fuel Gauge near fuel fill
➢ Cab feature
❑ Improved Visibility Cab
❑ Heated Windshields For Defogging
❑ Air Operated Windshield Wipers
❑ Roof Mounted Air-Conditioning & Heating unit
❑ Thermo-acoustic insulation in cab wall
➢ Toilet Compartment
❑ Provision for retention toilet / urinal water tank, sink, retention
tank
20-Jul-21
 WDG5-Technical Feature
➢ 20 Cyl - 710 Engine
Delivering
➢ Horse power- 5500 HP
➢ Electronic Fuel Injection
With EMDEC
➢ Nominal Axle Load-22.3 T
➢ locomotive weight – 133.8
T
➢ Fuel tank capacity-8000 L
➢ 20.98 m (L) x 4.31 m (H) x
3.11 m (W)
➢ Automatic Engine
Start/Stop (AESS) System

20-Jul-21
 WDG3A,WDG4,WDP4-
Comparison
S.No1 Description WDG3A WDG4 WDP4
457
1 HP 3100 4000 4000
2 SPEED 100KMPH 100KMPH 160KMPH
3 Length 19.15m 21.24m 21.24m
4 Weight 123.0T 126.1T 115.6T
4 Engine RPM 400/1050 269/904 269/904
5 Gear ratio 18:74 17:90 17:77
6 Transmission AC-DC AC-AC AC-AC
7 Cranking Excitor & Two DC starting Two DC
Aux.Gen. motor starting motor
8 Bogie Fabricated HTSC cast HTSC cast
9 L.O capacity 1150/1270 ltrs 1457Lts 1457Lts
10 Max Stall T.E 378.5KN 540KN 20-Jul-21 270KN
Thanking you

20-Jul-21