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Distinction Between Langue ( Language System) and Parole ( Speech)

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Aleksandra Stasiak

This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about linguistics topics such as structuralism, generative grammar, language acquisition theories, and phonology. Each question is followed by feedback indicating whether the selected answer is correct and what the correct answer is. The questions cover a range of concepts including De Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, Buhler's three functions of language, exaptation in language evolution, and Chomsky's view of an innate Language Acquisition Device.

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Distinction Between Langue ( Language System) and Parole ( Speech)

Uploaded by

Aleksandra Stasiak
62 views9 pages
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about linguistics topics such as structuralism, generative grammar, language acquisition theories, and phonology. Each question is followed by feedback indicating whether the selected answer is correct and what the correct answer is. The questions cover a range of concepts including De Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, Buhler's three functions of language, exaptation in language evolution, and Chomsky's view of an innate Language Acquisition Device.

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This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about linguistics topics such as structuralism, generative grammar, language acquisition theories, and phonology. Each question is followed by feedback indicating whether the selected answer is correct and what the correct answer is. The questions cover a range of concepts including De Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, Buhler's three functions of language, exaptation in language evolution, and Chomsky's view of an innate Language Acquisition Device.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
62 views9 pages

Distinction Between Langue ( Language System) and Parole ( Speech)

Uploaded by

Aleksandra Stasiak
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about linguistics topics such as structuralism, generative grammar, language acquisition theories, and phonology. Each question is followed by feedback indicating whether the selected answer is correct and what the correct answer is. The questions cover a range of concepts including De Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, Buhler's three functions of language, exaptation in language evolution, and Chomsky's view of an innate Language Acquisition Device.

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© All Rights Reserved
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Question 

1
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De Saussure’s structuralism (Geneva school) focussed on:


Select one:

a. distinction between langue (=language system) and parole (=speech) 


b. tri-partite sign (idea-referent-symbol) as the model for a language unit
c. historical-comparative method of language investigation

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The correct answer is: distinction between langue (=language system) and parole
(=speech)
Question 2
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According to Bühler, a linguistic sign has three functions: cognitive (symbolic)


function, expressive function and appeal (impressive, conative) function. In the
utterance: “This is a Eurasian collared dove and not a hill pigeon” which function
comes to the fore:
Select one:

a. cognitive 
b. expressive
c. impressive

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The correct answer is: cognitive
Question 3
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Exaptation is an evolutionary phenomenon, when a biological trait, which evolved for


one function becomes co-opted for another. In language evolution, which of the
following can be viewed as a case of exaptation?
Select one:
a. developing a theory of mind
b. being able to use words to tell the truth and to lie

c. using larynx for sound production and for protecting trachea against choking on food. 

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The correct answer is: using larynx for sound production and for protecting trachea against
choking on food.
Question 4
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Perceiving, categorizing and interpreting speech sounds is a part of


Select one:
a. faculty of language in the narrow sense

b. faculty of language in the broad sense 


c. recursion

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The correct answer is: faculty of language in the broad sense
Question 5
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Which of the following sequences illustrates the increase in the intersubjective


validity of linguistic examples:
Select one:
a. examples fro literature – observed examples – introspective examples

b. introspective examples – observed examples – examples from corpora 


c. examples from corpora – introspective examples – observed examples

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The correct answer is: introspective examples – observed examples – examples from
corpora
Question 6
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In Contrastive Studies conducted from a transformational (Generative Grammar)


perspective, the aim of the investigation was:
Select one:
a. to develop teaching materials for FL learners
b. to identify areas of difference between languages

c. to identify elements of universal grammar 

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The correct answer is: to identify elements of universal grammar
Question 7
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In Chomsky’s view we need an innate Language Acqusition Device to acquire


language, because:
Select one:
a. cultural variation of language forms is too confusing for children to make
generalizations

b. poverty of the stimulus, i.e. errors in input, would result in imperfect learning 
c. parents correct children’s grammar too much

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The correct answer is: poverty of the stimulus, i.e. errors in input, would result in
imperfect learning
Question 8
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The following sentence: “I can’t find the right words to express my admiration” can
be viewed as an instance of which of the following models of language:
Select one:
a. correct sentence generator
b. toolmakers' paradigm

c. conduit metaphor 

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The correct answer is: conduit metaphor
Question 9
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In cognitive linguistic approach to contrastive studies the equivalence of the analysed


linguistic units is ensured by:
Select one:
a. similar distribution patterns

b. shared image schemata and construal operations 


c. similar perlocutionary effect of a speech act on the Hearer

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The correct answer is: shared image schemata and construal operations
Question 10
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According to the exemplar theory:


Select one:
a. Abstract underlying phonological form undergoes transformation following phonological rules
to produce the phonetic realization of the surface structure.
b. Language users store vast inventories of words, phrases and other linguistic chunks, on the

basis of which create statistical models of language. 


c. Place and manner of articulation are more easily perceivable than voicing and nasalization.

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The correct answer is: Language users store vast inventories of words, phrases and other linguistic
chunks, on the basis of which create statistical models of language.
Question 11
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What is the role of minimal pairs in structural approach to phonetics and phonology?
Select one:
a. Minimal pairs are used for contrasting sounds of different languages.
b. Minimal pairs help us learn the sounds of a foreign language more effectively.
c. Minimal pairs allow us to identify distinctive features and a position of the

phoneme in the phonemic system.


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The correct answer is: Minimal pairs allow us to identify distinctive features and a
position of the phoneme in the phonemic system.
Question 12
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The key generative grammar claim of the autonomy of syntax means that:
Select one:
a. context of use is important for the analysis of language

b. grammar and lexicon create separate modules 


c. a linguistic sign consists of the semantic pole and the phonological pole

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The correct answer is: grammar and lexicon create separate modules
Question 13
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From the perspective of Popper’s philosophy of science, which puts falsifiability as


the necessary condition for the status of science, most of linguistics belongs to:
Select one:
a. human science

b. pre-science 
c. social science

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The correct answer is: pre-science
Question 14
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Jakobson added three more functions to the list proposed by Bühler: phatic, poetic,
metalinguistic. In the following utterance “This is a well-structured argument” which
function comes to the fore:
Select one:

a. metalinguistic 
b. poetic
c. phatic

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The correct answer is: metalinguistic
Question 15
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Language acquisition is viewed as a form of operant conditioning (Stimulus –


Reaction – Reinforcement) by:
Select one:
a. the American linguist Chomsky
b. the Russian psychologist Pavlov

c. the American psychologist Skinner 

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The correct answer is: the American psychologist Skinner
Question 16
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Tertium comparationis is a notion related to contrastive studies. It is a manner or a


plane of comparison of two or more languages with respect to some specific language
structure or function. Marton (1968) claims that congruence is a key for constructing
tertium comparationis. What is congruence?
Select one:
a. phonological equivalence and statistic equivalence

b. translational equivalence and formal correspondence 


c. system equivalence and pragmatic equivalence

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The correct answer is: translational equivalence and formal correspondence
Question 17
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Vocal folds are placed in the larynx and are used to produce the sounds when
speaking or singing. Which of the following characteristics is true:
Select one:

a. Vocal cords are open when we breathe. 


b. Vocal folds are positioned vertically in the larynx.
c. Vocal folds are connected at the back of the neck.

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The correct answer is: Vocal cords are open when we breathe.
Question 18
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According to Baudouin de Courtenay, a representative of the Kazan school of structural


linguistics, the most important part of the scientific investigation of language is:

Select one:

a. creating a model of language on the basis of the empirical data 


b. gathering empirical data on language acquisition and language variation
c. collecting butterflies, which can serve as a model for language community

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The correct answer is: creating a model of language on the basis of the empirical data
Question 19
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Iterated language learning is a specific human ability…


Select one:
a. to use both vocal and gestural channel of communication

b. to learn from other people’s output 


c. to learn the relationship between sign and meaning

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The correct answer is: to learn from other people’s output
Question 20
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Theory of mind (the ability to imagine that your interlocutor has a mind like you, and
can have beliefs, desires, intentions different from yours) is a part of

Select one:
a. recursion
b. faculty of language in the narrow sense

c. faculty of language in the broad sense 

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The correct answer is: faculty of language in the broad sense

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