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Earth and Life Science Learning Activity Sheets Quarter 1 - Week 3A: The Earth's Internal Heat First Edition, 2021
Earth and Life Science Learning Activity Sheets Quarter 1 - Week 3A: The Earth's Internal Heat First Edition, 2021
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Specific Objectives:
After going through this learning activity sheets, you are expected to:
Key Concepts
If we think of a volcano, we know Earth must be hot inside. The heat inside
the Earth moves continents builds mountains and causes earthquakes(Salandanan
et al., 2016).Where does all this heat inside Earth come from? You probably asked
this question before.
Like all terrestrial planets, the Earth’s interior is differentiated. This means
that its internal structure consists of layers arranged like the skin of the onion,
“peel back one, and you find another” which is distinguished by its chemical and
geological properties, as well as vast differences in temperature and pressure. The
Earth is composed of three distinct layers, crust, mantle and core. The hottest layer
is the core that produces heat.
In addition, the bowels of the Earth closely resemble a giant thermal power
station, powered by convection currents that heat the surface. At the very center of
this giant factory we have the solid inner core and the molten outer core. The solid
inner core differs from molten outer core is mainly due to the relative melting
points of the different layers and the increase in temperature and pressure as
depth increases.
1. The heat from when the planet formed (Primordial Heat) which came from
the following sources:
a. Accretion energy
Accretion of material during the formation of planets is likely one of the
largest sources of heat. The accretion heat is the energy accumulated
during the burial of heat by impacts as the planet grows through the
accretion of planetisimals (a combination of the word “plant” and
“infinitesimal”) and they are considered as fundamental building blocks of
terrestrial planets and the core of giant planets). In other words, it is the
heat generated by the conversion of kinetic energy of impacting bodies to
thermal energy.
b. Adiabatic compression
As more particles accreted in planet those at the center squashed by
growing gravitational load
c. Core formation energy
Core formation is the biggest differentiation event in the life of any
terrestrial planet. Settling of Fe to center of Earth converts potential
energy of iron into heat energy.
d. Decay of short-lived radioisotopes
Short-lived radioisotopes are those with half-lives measured in millions of
years (Ma) or fewer. Typically, we don’t expect to encounter these in the
modern solar system because only undetectable traces of them will
remain from the time of their formation in supernova or previous star
prior to the formation of the solar system. 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 53Mn, 60Fe,
107Pd, and 129I are examples of short-lived radioisotopes. These are thought
Geothermal Gradient
- is the rate of temperature change with respect to increasing depth in earth’s
interior
Conduction governs the thermal conditions in almost entire solid portions of the
earth. It is defined as the process by which heat energy is transmitted through
collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules. It is responsible for the heat
transfer from earth’s core and radiation from the sun to the surface.
Convection governs the heat transport in the fluid outer core and the mantle. It
involves transfer of heat by the movement of mass, which is more efficient means of
heat transport in the Earth compared to pure conduction. Convection dominates
the thermal conditions in the zone where large quantities of fluids (molten rocks)
exist. Convection occurs at the mantle but not between the core and mantle or even
between the asthenosphere and lithosphere (except at sea-floor spreadingzones).The
only heat transfer mechanism in these transition zones is through conduction.
Source: https://www.sceincefacts.net/layers-of-the-earth-worksheet
Guide Question: What happens to the temperature as depth increases in earth’s
interior?
Scenario 1: Chocolate candy in your hand will eventually melt as the heat from
your body is released and makes it melted.
Explanation:
______________________________________________________ Illustration
______________________________________________________
Scenario 2: A heater in the hot air balloon heats the air. The air inside is trapped
causing the balloon to rise.
Explanation:
_______________________________________________________ Illustration
_______________________________________________________
Reflection
What to do: Read the passage carefully.
Earthquake jolt and shake us. Volcanoes erupt, shooting ash and hot gases
into the atmosphere and pouring molten rock over the land. Great mountain ranges
gradually inch upward, over the course of millennia. Earth’s geosphere is
constantly moving and changing, and the energy for all that movement comes from
Earth’s internal heat (Understanding Global Change, 2021).
We all knew that Taal Volcano latest eruption happened last January 12,
2020 and it displaced more than 376,000 people from surrounding towns. Based
on the report from NASA, the damage brought by the eruption extended beyond
plant life. Large numbers of livestock and pets were also left behind when tens of
thousands of people evacuated. Ash even affected the fish-mainly the tilapia and
milkfish-being raised in thousands of aquaculture pens in Taal Lake. According to
the Taal Lake Aquaculture Alliance, Inc., about 30% of the fish cages in the lake
were destroyed during the eruption and to keep the remaining fish alive farmers
appealed the authorities to allow them to feed and harvest the fish to support their
living during lockdowns. Consider yourself as one of the authorities, would you
allow the people to get near in still-active-volcano? Why? You may present your
answer in creative way, e.g. using infographic, slogan, poster, 4-line poem, essay, 4-
line song or any presentation at your preference.
Rubric
5- Ideas expressed scientifically consistent with the concepts and has no
misconception.
4- Ideas expressed scientifically consistent with the concepts but with minimal
misconception
3- Ideas expressed scientifically but contains several misconception
2- Ideas are poorly expressed scientifically
1- Ideas are vague and not precise
0-No discussion
(Note: Score has to be multiplied by two)
Alfonso, V,, Dizon, EA,Jr., Zoraida S.,Listanco, E., Abon, C,.Earth Science Teaching
Guide for senior High School, Commision on Higher
Education,2016,Quezon City,Philippines
Breuer,D., Moore W.B., in Treatise on Geophysics, 2007
Carlson, D. H. et al, Physical Geology Earth Revealed, 2011, p 47 and
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/ lectures/10.htm
Lawson, D. et.al (2001). “Chapter 2:Plate tectonics”. Mantle convection in the earth
and planets.Cambridge University Press. pp.16
Web Sources
“Adiabatic Compression”. Accessed on June 18,2021. Rertrieved from
http’//www.mindat.org/glossary/adiabatic_compression
Figure 3.Production of Heat within the Earth over time by radioactive decay of
Uranium, Thorium and Potassium.Accessed June 20, 2021.Retrieved
from Source: Steven Earle (2015) CC BY 4.0 view source modified after
Arevaloa et.al. (2009)