Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

National Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Strategy

February, 2017
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Table of Contents i
Acknowledgement ii
Acronyms and Abbreviations iii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 The State of Agriculture and Food in Ethiopia 2
1.2 The Nutrition Situation in Ethiopia 3
1.3 Agriculture-Nutrition Linkage Framework 4
1.4 Gaps in the Agriculture Sector in Food and Nutrition 6
1.5 Opportunities to Integrate Nutrition in to the Agriculture Sector 7
Chapter 2 Scope, Rationale and Principles 8
2.1 Scope 9
2.2 Rationale 9
2.3 Principles 9
Chapter 3 Goal and Strategic Objectives (SOs) 10
3.1 Goal 11
3.2 Strategic Objectives (SOs) 11
3.2.1 SO # 1: To leverage nutrition into agriculture sector policies, strategies, programs 11
and work plans at all level
3.2.2 SO # 2: To establish/strengthen institutional and organizational structures and 12
capacity responsible for planning & implementing nutrition sensitive agriculture
3.2.3 SO # 3: To increase year-round availability, access and consumption of diverse, 14
safe and nutritious foods of plant and animal source
3.2.4 SO # 4: To enhance resilience of vulnerable agrarian, agro-pastoral and pastoral 18
households & communities prone to climate change and moisture stress
3.2.5 SO # 5: To ensure women’s and youth empowerment and gender equality 19
3.2.6 SO # 6: To establish and/or strengthen multi-sectorial coordination within the 21
agriculture sectors and with signatories of the NNP II
Chapter 4 Monitoring and Evaluation 22
Five Year Strategic Plan 24
References 30
Chart # 1 Conceptual Pathway between Agriculture and Nutrition 5

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This final draft of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s national1 Nutrition Sensitive
Agriculture (NSA) Strategy is the result of more than two years effort of various stakeholders.
Following completion of the first draft in late 2015, it has been revised and updated a number of
times by technical working groups. Upon the request of the agricultural extension directorate
general, a consultative meeting for the technical working group was held between 28 September
2016 and 2 October 2016 in Bishoftu to finalize the document and produce the final version of this
NSA strategy.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MoANR) and The Ministry of Livestock and
Fisheries (MoLF) would like to recognize and express their appreciation to all technical experts
who contributed to the development of this NSA strategy with special gratitude to the following
senior level professionals who significantly contributed to the development of this document.
Amogne Diress - Health & Nutrition Program Manager, CUSO International
Desta Kebede - SBCC Associate Director, Alive and Thrive
Dr. Demese Chanyalew – Independent Consultant: AKLDP, Tufts University
Dr. Fetene Belachew - Livestock Development Program Advisor, MoLF
Dr. Habtamu Fekadu- Chief of Party, Save the Children (ENGINE/GTN)
Dr. Robert Fungo - International Nutrition Consultant, FAO Ethiopia
Dr. Tarik Kassaye - International Nutrition Consultant, FAO Ethiopia
Dr. Yewelsew Abebe- SBCC Director, Alive and Thrive
Husien Abegaz - Fishery Directorate, MoLF
Kebede Atsebi - Senior Value Chain Expert, MoANR
Kebede Tafesse - Livelihood and Nutrition Advisor, Save the Children (ENGINE/GTN)
Kefyalew Akassa - Nutrition Advisor, JHPEIGO
Mengistu Fessiha - Lecturer, Hawassa University
Nardos Birru - Nutrition Specialist, UNICEF
Omer Seid - Lecturer, Mekelle University
Seblewongel Deneke - Gender and Nutrition Directorate, ATA
Senait Zewdie – Nutrition Policy Officer, FAO Ethiopia
Susanne Neiro - NSA Program Manager, GIZ
Tamene Taye - Nutrition Advisor, GIZ - Seconded to MoANR
Temnet Amanuel-Junior Project officer, GIZ
Ursula Truebswasser - Nutrition Advisor, EU
Wasihun Eshetu - Nutrition Adivisor, FAO - Seconded to MoANR

We would also like to thank FAO Ethiopia for providing financial support to host the technical
working group consultative meeting in Bishoftu for five days where this document was finalized.

MoANR MoLF

1
National refers to federal and regional state governments and Non-Government actors and institutions.
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 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ADLI Agricultural Development Led Industrialization

AGP II Agricultural Growth Programme II
ATVET Agriculture Technical and Vocational Education Training
BCC Behaviour Change Communication
CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Plan
DA Development Agent
EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
ELMP Ethiopia Livestock Master Plan
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FTC Farmers Training Center
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GTP I Growth and Transformation Plan I
GTP II Growth and Transformation Plan II
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
MOA Ministry of Agriculture
MoANR Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest Development and Climate Change
MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
MoLF Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NNP I National Nutrition Programme I
NNP II National Nutrition Programme II
NNS National Nutrition Strategy
NSA Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture
OFSP Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato
PIF Policy Investment Framework
QPM Quality Protein Maize
SBCC Social and Behavioral Change Communication
SUN Scale Up of Nutrition Initiatives

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 Introduction

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 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 The State of Agriculture and Food in Ethiopia:

Ethiopia’s agriculture sector2 accounts for approximately 39 percent of the country’s Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) and around 75 percent of export earnings by the year 2014/5. Crop and
livestock subsectors accounted for 27.4 percent and 7.9 percent respectively, while 3.7 percent was
accounted for by forestry and fishery. The agriculture sector is the major employer of about 83
percent of the country’s labor force. The sector has registered an average real agricultural GDP
growth rate of 6.6 percent per annum during the GTP I implementation period. During the Growth
and Transformation Plan (GTP) I implementation period, the average productivity of major crops
by smallholder farmers for the main season increased from 15.7 quintals per hectare to 21.5 quintals
per hectare. Major crop production and productivity have reached 270.3 million quintal and 21.5
quintal per hectare respectively. The areas of land developed with modern small-scale irrigation
schemes have increased to 2.3 million hectares during growth and transformation plan I period.
The productivity of smallholder farmers has improved by introducing and disseminating of modern
agricultural technologies. The extension service reach increased from 5.1 million farmers to 13.95
million in 2014 - 2015, and the food reserve to enhance disaster prevention capacity has now
reached 405 000 tones (FDRE, 2015). Overall, the per capita food production has passed the 2.16
quintal grain equivalent line (PIF MTR, 2015) and the average adult energy intake is 2100 kcal/day
(Chanyalew et.al, 2009). The agriculture sector has also made a significant contribution to poverty
reduction in which the poverty headcount index has decreased from 29 percent to 23 percent
(FDRE, 2015).

Livestock plays a crucial economic role in Ethiopia. It contributes to about 25 percent of total
agricultural GDP. When the value of plough services is included, the sector contributes up to 45
percent of agricultural GDP (Asresie & Zemedu, 2015). Almost the entire rural population in the
highlands and lowlands are involved in some form of animal production, which provides food,
cash, traction, transportation and fuel. In lowland pastoral and agro-pastoral areas, livestock form
the main source of livelihood and contribute to social prestige. The livestock subsector is still at
the lowest state of development and still dependent on traditional production methods. Investment
in livestock agriculture in Ethiopia has the potential to halve poverty, improve the food security of
rural people and make livestock an increasing contributor to GDP growth (MoA & ILRI, 2013).

Various strategies were undertaken with regards to livestock development throughout the country
during the GTP I period. Between 2009/10 and 2014/15 the proportion of hybrid/improved cattle
increased from 10.37 percent to 14.53% percent, while the number of improved hybrid cattle
increased from 390,078 to 902,390 and the number of hybrid milking cows has increased from
140,428 to 297,788 (FDRE, 2016). Currently, the total meat and milk production of the country is
estimated at 1,321 thousand tones and 5,304 million liters respectively. The total eggs and honey

2The Agriculture sector is represented by three ministries - Ministry of Agriculture and Natural
Resources (MoANR), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MoLF) and State Minister of Environment,
Forest Development and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

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production also is estimated at 163 million and 60.7 thousand tons respectively. The total
production of fish is estimated at 31.5 thousand tonnes (MoFED, 2016).

The accomplishments with regards to natural resource conservation and development activities are
identified as one of the success stories of the agriculture and environment sectors. Community
based watershed developments have improved water, soil and biological resources. Through area
closure, degraded lands have been rehabilitated. Accordingly, between 2009 and 2014 the area of
land closed for rehabilitation increased from 3.2 to 10.9 million ha and community based watershed
infrastructure development expanded to 20.2 million ha (MoFED 2016).

The above achievements have been achieved as a result of government’s national policies,
strategies, programmes and investments. Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI)
has been the central strategy of the government since the early 1900s when it gave the highest
priority to the transformation of agriculture from subsistence livelihood to a market-oriented
economic sector. This strategy has been the driving force for accelerating the country’s economic
growth and development. This strategy has been further elaborated through sector specific policies
and strategies such as Rural Development Policy and Strategy (MoA, 2003), Strategies for Pastoral
Areas, Ethiopia Livestock Master Plan (ELMP), Policy Investment Framework (PIF), Agricultural
Growth Project (AGP) I and II, the Food Security Strategy (2002) and its major programmes such
as livelihood, safety net, resettlement and community investment. These policies and strategies
were also further refined by successive five year development plans such as the Sustainable
Development and Poverty Reduction Programme (2001), A Plan for Accelerated and Sustained
Development to End Poverty (PASDEP) (2005) and the Growth and Transformation Plans 1 and
2. In line with the policies, the agricultural objectives were set to increase productivity through
increasing the capacity and extensive use of labor, proper utilization of agricultural land, linking
specialization with diversification, integrating agricultural and rural development, and
strengthening the agricultural marketing system (Chanyalew et al, 2010). The AGP is another large
initiative, focused on high agriculture potential areas, designed to support agricultural productivity
and commercialization to further accelerate the economic growth and transformation of the country
by addressing key bottlenecks for agricultural growth.

1.2 The Nutrition Situation in Ethiopia:

Despite the tremendous achievements in the sector, the problem of food and nutrition security
remains a key main health and development issue for the country. The prevalence of stunting
among children 6 to 59 months old is 40 percent and the prevalence of wasting and underweight in
children is recorded to be 9 percent and 27 percent respectively. Micronutrient deficiency is also
pervasive and severe across the country. About 44 percent of children under the age of five, 30
percent of adolescents, 22 percent of pregnant women and 17 percent of women of reproductive
age are anemic. Studies have shown that dietary diversity and micronutrient status of individuals
were positively correlated. (Arimond et al, 2011). The household dietary diversity was also shown
to be affected by the diversity of agricultural production (Jonesa, Shrinivasb, & Bezner-Kerr,
2014). Though consumption of food from different food groups is good for optimum nutrition, the
consumption of diverse diet is low in Ethiopia. For instance consumption of minimum acceptable
diet by children in Ethiopia is only 4 percent, which is very low compared to other sub-Saharan
countries (EDHS 2014).

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Dependency on rain-fed agriculture and subsistent farming system, low genetic potential of
indigenous animals and poor animal husbandry practices, limited access to water and animal feed,
the widespread influence of disease and parasites, low coverage and quality of implementation of
the agricultural extension system, low educational status of most farming households and
pastoralists, land degradation, soil infertility, lack of gender sensitivity which is explained by low
participation and benefit of women from agricultural technologies and interventions are among
other factors contributing to the problem of under-nutrition. On average, female farm managers in
Ethiopia produce 23 percent less per hectare than their male counterparts (MoA, 2015). Ethiopia’s
female farmers face multiple challenges including access to land, extension services, inputs,
technologies and also competing household and childcare responsibilities that hinder their
productivity. Differences in both the levels of productive factors used, and the returns that these
factors generate, drive the country’s gender gap to a substantial degree.

Though diversification was part of the Ethiopian investment policy framework 2010-2019, the
agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector focused primarily on increasing productivity, market
oriented production of cash crops with minimum consideration of expansion of diverse food
availability and overall nutrition security. Agriculture and livestock contribution to nutrition so far
has been limited as the dietary diversity of the population is very low (Goshu et al, 2013). The FAO
STAT (statistical database of FAO) 2011 also states that the food availability per-capita is limited
especially for meat, fruit and vegetables. The agriculture and livestock sector has already put in
place programs and initiatives that directly and indirectly contribute to better nutrition. The
agriculture sector, represented by the three ministries, is one of the signatories of the NNP II, Seqota
Declaration and Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Plan (CAADP) implementation
and needs further attention and extra efforts to translate the planned activities into actions, with
more emphasis on dietary diversification and proper utilization of foods of both plant and animal
origin. The sector has also clearly incorporated nutrition objectives and indicators in its two
flagship programs named AGP II and PSNP IV.

Evidence have shown that mere nutrition specific interventions alone even with 90 percent
coverage would only result in reduction of stunting by only 20 percent which clearly depicts that
the need for implementing nutrition sensitive interventions through multi-sectoral approach to
address the gap which are believed to impact for 80 percent reduction in stunting (Ruel, Alderman
and MCNSG, 2013). Hence, the contribution of the agriculture and livestock sector, in this regard,
is vital. Considering that about 84 percent of Ethiopians live in rural areas and are primarily
engaged in farming and livestock rearing activities, initiating and strengthening Nutrition Sensitive
Agriculture (NSA) in the agriculture sector is critical. NSA aims to maximize the positive impact
of the food system on nutrition outcomes while minimizing any unintended, negative consequences
of agricultural policies and interventions for the population. It is a food and nutrition-based
approach to agricultural development that focuses on year-round availability, access and
consumption of diverse, safe and nutritious foods of plant and animal source and sustainable
agricultural systems at the heart of overcoming malnutrition and its consequences.

1.3 Agriculture-Nutrition Linkage Framework: Agriculture and nutrition are intrinsically

interlinked. The GTP II in May 2016 in subsection 6.2 states that the government of Ethiopia is
determined to build a nutritionally secure country. Nutrition security, according to this document,
is expected to be attained through efforts made in the areas of house hold food security, child and
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maternal care, and healthy environment creation. Agricultural production is one of the important
means of achieving food and nutrition security. Increasing agricultural productivity has the
potential to improve household food security and nutrition of the population. A healthier and well-
nourished agricultural labor force is more productive, earns more income, and contributes to further
economic growth and development. The contribution of nutrition to the increase of agricultural
labor force productivity is enormous. Therefore, Ethiopia’s NSA strategy focuses, among others,
on the UNICEF 1990 causal relationship between house hold (HH) food security and malnutrition
and death through inadequate dietary effect. This strategy, in addition to the dietary effect, also
focuses on the low productivity of labor due to undernourishment on HH food security (Benson,
2005). In order to develop appropriate nutrition sensitive agricultural strategies, it is important to
understand the linkage between agriculture and nutrition. Figure 1 below illustrates the linkages
between agriculture and nutrition. The agriculture sector’s approach to addressing nutrition
problems embraces three approaches that are similar to what is depicted in the Figure below.

Figure 1: Conceptual Pathways between Agriculture and Nutrition (Adapted from: Stuart Gillespie, Jody
Harris and Suneetha Kadiyala, 2012)

There are multiple links that connect agriculture production to nutritional status. As illustrated
above, improved production of diverse, safe and nutrient dense foods through a number of
technologies is vital to ensure availability and access to foods. Improving income through on and
off-farm agricultural activities is also one of the pathways to ensure food and nutrition security.
The NNP describes that gender is the cause and consequence of hunger and malnutrition and gender
inequality to be associated with higher levels of acute and chronic under-nutrition. The design and
delivery of key nutrition sensitive agriculture messages to households using evidence-based
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behaviour changes strategies can positively impact on nutrition. Therefore, the proposed nutrition
sensitive interventions in this strategic document attempt to consider these three pathways as a
means to improve production, income and food consumption at household level.

In light of the evidence by Herforth & Harris (2014) and others, the government will approach
Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture with a focus on agriculture and food through both dietary and labor
productivity enhancing interventions. This requires review in the areas of agricultural research and
extension programs which are mainly under the MoANR, MoLF and the BoA and other concerned
institutions within regions. NSA also requires integration of nutrition education both at higher
learning institutions as well as ATVETS levels. This requires review of the agricultural extension
system of Ethiopia. The other systems that should address NSA issues in the sector are marketing
and trade, multiplication and development, processing and consumption. Food market
development, demand creation for diverse safe and nutritious food of plant and animal sources, and
nutrition education focused on positive behavioural and dietary habit changes are catalysts which
can bring about positive changes in nutrition.

This strategy is developed to add value and create synergy between the agriculture sectors
initiatives, with that of the National Nutrition Programme, the Seqota Declaration (a declaration to
end hunger by 2030 in Ethiopia) and the CAADP, among others. The Strategy shall harness the
full potential of the agriculture sector to improve the nutritional status of Ethiopians, especially
mothers and children. The strategy serves as a tool to ensure policies, strategies; program,
interventions and actors supporting the sector apply nutrition-sensitive food and agriculture-based
approaches to agriculture sector to contribute in the improvement of nutritional status of the
population in concern.

1.4 Gaps in the Agriculture Sector in Food and Nutrition: Agriculture and livestock have a
large potential to impact on the underlying determinants of nutritional status of the population and
the nutritional status is one of the independent determinates of agricultural productivity of farmers
(Ruel et al, 2013). However, in the past, the Ethiopian agricultural system has not been explicitly
nutrition sensitive and this affected the agriculture sector’s ability to impact fully on the nutritional
situation of the country.

The main gaps identified in the agriculture sector are illustrated as follows:
(i) Most agriculture sector programs were focused on increased production, productivity
and on high value crops for market and income with little emphasis on the nutrition
issues.
(ii) Most agricultural strategies, programmes and investments lacked the integration of
nutrition objectives, indicators, targets into the strategies and work plans.
(iii) The HH Food Security programs interventions have not adequately addressed nutrition
issues
(iv) Lack of sufficient supportive livestock development policy and institutional
framework. Policy gaps exist in the areas of pastoralist livelihood resilience, dairy
development, animal feed, animal breeding and animal health.
(v) Low genetic potential of indigenous animals and poor livestock husbandry system for
milk, meat, egg and honey. Livestock investment is focused mainly on head counts
neglecting productivity and quality.
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 (vi) The contribution of fisheries to nutrition security is very low.
(vii) Low coverage and quality of implementation of the agricultural extension system for
both agriculture and livestock sector
(viii) There is a lack of sufficient and appropriate technology development and dissemination
for post-harvest handling
(ix) There is a lack of food safety standards and guidelines for the agriculture sector
(x) There is weak institutional set up and human resource capacity to fully integrate
nutrition into the agriculture sector
(xi) Nutrition is not integrated into the curriculum of agricultural colleges and universities
(xii) Though collaboration frameworks exist (such as NNP), there are critical challenges in
coordination for nutrition activities within the directorates of the agriculture sector, its
affiliates and among the signatories of the NNP.
(xiii) There is limited women and youth participation and acquisition of benefits from
agriculture programming, investments and technologies
(xiv) There is low levels of awareness in agrarian, agro-pastoral and pastoral communities
on optimal dietary practices, storage, food handling, processing, and consumption of
nutritious foods from animal and plant sources
(xv) The country is still dependent on rain-fed agriculture, with low access and uptake of
agricultural inputs and technologies

1.5 Opportunities to Integrate Nutrition in to the Agriculture and Livestock Sector: The
following opportunities are believed to support the integration of nutrition issues into the
agriculture sector.

1. The Government of Ethiopia’s commitment to improve nutrition has been reflected in:
 Renewed commitment to end hunger and under-nutrition by 2030 using the Seqota
Declaration as a movement campaign.
 The priority given to ensure food security at household level.
 Creating an enabling policy environment with GTP II, NNP II
 The PSNP IV and AGP II are now nutrition sensitive.

2. Existence of nutrition sensitive agriculture program at national and global level that can provide
evidence to document knowledge products for adoption and scale-up

3. Ethiopia is signatory to international commitments and declarations to end hunger and extreme
poverty and ensure nutrition security: The CAADP, New Partnership for Africa’s Development
(NEPAD), the New Alliance for Food and Nutrition Security in Ethiopia, Scale Up of Nutrition
initiatives (SUN) and COMPACT 2025 are among the international instruments committed to.

4. The strong interest of donors in nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions.

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Scope, Rationale and Principles

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 CHAPTER TWO: SCOPE, RATIONAL AND PRINCIPLES

2.1 Scope: This document is a national strategy designed for the agriculture sector (Ministry of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries and State Minister of
Environment, Forest Development and Climate Change) and their respective affiliates3 and can be
adapted by regional states and implementing partners. It is also expected to serve the urban and
rural areas of the country for five years (2017 – 2021) and will be updated based on the policy and
strategy changes when necessary.

2.2 Rationale: Agriculture is one of the key sectors that can and should play a vital role in
improving the nutritional status of the population and contribute to the reduction of malnutrition in
the country. Though the agriculture and livestock sector is committed to addressing malnutrition,
the notion of nutrition sensitive agriculture is relatively new to the country and to the sector. There
is no clear articulation of the approach and direction that the agriculture and livestock sector should
take to meet its commitment to addressing malnutrition. Agriculture is also broad in terms of issues
that the sector can and should address, and therefore the need to articulate nutrition into the
agriculture programming, strategies and investments of the three agricultural ministries, their
respective directorates and affiliate is crucial. Integration of nutrition into the three agriculture
ministries starts from maintaining the quality of land and soil (natural resource conservation),
provision of improved inputs (seed and fertilizers), agronomic practices (diversification, inter-
cropping) and animal husbandry (animal breeding, animal feed and nutrition, animal health care
and market), food storage and handling, post-harvest management, marketing, income and
consumption or proper utilization of food. The strategic directions that should be taken requires
clear structure, capacity and collaborations within and outside the agriculture sector and various
institutions.

In the absence of such a strategy, it would be difficult to coordinate and implement nutrition
sensitive agriculture in the sector. Therefore, this strategy provides guidance on how to integrate
nutrition objectives, and indicators into the existing agriculture policies, programming and
investments and puts in place monitoring and evaluations systems and tools including periodic
reporting and creating accountability at all levels.

2.3 Principles:
The following are the key principles of the nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy:
 Community participation and ownership
 Special consideration for women, youth and children
 Need and evidence based program planning and implementation
 Innovative and indigenous knowledge based
 Inclusive of relevant stakeholders and working at all levels
 Multi-sectoral collaboration and coordination
 Building competency based capacity of front-line service providers
 Environmental friendliness and sustainability

3Affiliates represent Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, ATVET, National Veterinary Institute, AGP II,
Cooperatives and Unions, Rural Finance Intermediation Program, PSNP IV etc.
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Goal and Strategic Objectives

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 CHAPTER THREE: GOAL & STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

3.1 Goal: The overall goal of the NSA strategy is to contribute to improving the nutritional status
of children and women by increasing the quantity and quality of food available, accessible and
affordable and promoting utilization of diverse, nutritious and safe foods for all Ethiopians at all
times.

3.2 Strategic Objectives (SOs): The nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy has the following six
strategic objectives:

SO 1 To leverage nutrition into agriculture and livestock policies, strategies,

programmes and work plans at all levels
SO 2 To establish/ strengthen institutional and organizational structures and capacity
responsible for planning and implementing nutrition sensitive agriculture
SO 3 To increase year-round availability, access and consumption of diverse, safe and
nutritious foods of both plant and animal origin
SO 4 To enhance resilience of vulnerable agrarian, agro-pastoral and pastoral
households and communities prone to climate change and moisture stress
SO 5 To ensure women and youth empowerment and gender equality
SO 6 To establish/strengthen multi-sectorial coordination within the agriculture sectors
and with signatories of NNP and other development partners

Strategic Objective # 1: To leverage nutrition into agriculture and livestock sector

policies, strategies, programmes and work plans at all level

The current agricultural policies and most of the agriculture and livestock sector strategies and
programs do not explicitly aim to improve the nutritional status of communities and households.
Therefore incorporation of nutrition objectives into the agricultural policies, strategies,
programmes and investments documents is the first step in mainstreaming nutrition into agriculture
sector and to ensure agricultural interventions are done with due consideration and with nutrition
lens.

Result 1.1 Integrated nutrition into agriculture and livestock sector policies, strategies,
programmes and work plans at all level

Initiatives 1.1.1 Mainstream nutrition interventions into agriculture policies, strategies

programmes and investments

Core Activities
 Review and revise existing agricultural policies/strategies and programmes documents to
incorporate nutrition
 Conduct advocacy and sensitization on revised policies and strategies at all levels

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  Build implementation capacity of decision makers in the agricultural sector
 Monitor the implementation of nutrition sensitive agricultural policies and strategies

Strategic Objective # 2: To establish/strengthen institutional and organizational

structure and capacity responsible for implementing nutrition sensitive agriculture

MoANR has established a Food and Nutrition Case Team at federal level while MoLF has yet to
establish one. The planning directorate under MoLF will take the responsibility of coordinating all
directorates and implementing nutrition interventions. Affiliates of the agriculture sector are also
expected to establish similar structures and staffing to integrate nutrition into their respective
programming and annual work plans. Considering the magnitude of the work within the agriculture
sector, appropriate and capacitated structures should be designed at all levels (Federal to kebele
level).

Furthermore, clear roles and responsibilities including an accountability system and capacity at all
levels is required. As evidence-based approaches are the best customized way of dealing with
issues in developing countries, planning, implementation and monitoring systems for nutrition
must be well organized and therefore the establishment of a well-structured nutrition system in the
agricultural sector is crucial. Consequently, there is a need to strengthen the existing nutrition case
team at federal level and to establish nutrition structures at decentralized levels in the agriculture
and livestock sectors. In addition, it is also vital to establish a nutrition information system and
integrate this into the existing agriculture information systems. This will assist in monitoring the
implementation of activities, evaluating the contribution of the agriculture sector to NNP, and to
building the human resource capacity. More importantly, financial and logistical inputs from
federal to kebele level should be leveraged to support established structures to implement nutrition
sensitive interventions.

While strengthening structures within the ministries, human resources from learning institutions,
should be built as a matter of priority. The agriculture training institutions should be well trained
and equipped to support the implementation of NSA. Therefore, a key task is to review and improve
existing systems to meet current demands of addressing nutrition issues. This strategic objective
therefore deals with addressing structure issues, developing the right human resource needed to
improve food and nutrition security at household level.

Result 2.1: Established/strengthened food and nutrition structure within MoANR and
MoLF and its affiliates at all levels

Initiatives 2.1.1 Establish and/or strengthen food and nutrition structure at national, regional,
zonal, woreda and kebele levels.

Core Activities
 Conduct assessment on organizational structure and human resources and capacity needs
 Establish/strengthen food and nutrition structure with in the agriculture sector at all levels

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  Establish/strengthen food and nutrition structure and supplies/equipment at Agricultural
Technical Vocational and Educational Training College (ATVETC) and Farmers Training
Centers (FTC)

Result 2.2: Build capacity of implementers on nutrition sensitive agriculture at all levels

Initiatives 2.2.1. Improve capacity of the agriculture sector to implement nutrition sensitive
agriculture
Core Activities
 Conduct capacity gap and needs assessment to determine the existing gaps
 Develop standard and harmonized training materials and tools in NSA for the agriculture
and livestock sector at all levels
 Conduct awareness creation and needs-based training for service providers at all levels
 Prepare nutrition sensitive agriculture implementation guidelines to facilitate smooth
implementation of the nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy
 Develop SBCC strategy for nutrition sensitive agriculture programming
 Develop standard operational manual for demonstrations at FTCs
 Revise and update these working documents on a regular basis
 Establish a system for monitoring and evaluation of capacity related interventions

Result 2.3: Revised curriculum of learning institutions and ATVETC with nutrition
sensitive agriculture competencies

Initiatives: 2.3.1. Incorporate nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies into curriculum of
ATVETC
Core Activities
 Develop/ review nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies
 Incorporate identified core competencies into the curriculum
 Review and update the course contents
 Provide the necessary teaching aids for the course
 Build capacity of lecturers of ATVETCs on nutrition sensitive agriculture
 Support institutions to conduct operational research on nutrition sensitive agriculture

Initiative 2.3.2 Support education sector to incorporate nutrition sensitive agriculture core
competencies into curriculum of higher learning institutions

Core Activities
 Advocate to incorporate nutrition education into curricula of higher learning institutions
 Develop nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies to be incorporated in to the
curricula of higher learning agriculture institutions
 Provide technical support to learning institutions in nutrition sensitive agriculture
 Provide technical support to higher learning institutions to conduct nutrition sensitive
agriculture research to support national nutrition program implementation
 Support higher learning agriculture institutions to include nutrition sensitive agriculture in
to their community service by creating linkage between FTC and higher learning
agricultural institutions so as to use FTCs demonstration site for students’ practical
exercises
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 Strategic Objective # 3 : Increase year-round availability, access and consumption of
diverse, safe and nutritious foods

Ethiopians, particularly rural households, use cereals as staple diets which are usually low in
micronutrients and also do not contribute to dietary diversity. Though animal foods are dense in
nutrient content, they are not widely used by society due to accessibility and affordability. There
is low production and consumption of fruits and vegetables among farming communities. The
production of diversified foods and consumption of nutritious foods among the farming community
is constrained by a lack of knowledge on safe food groups and dietary diversity strategies, very
limited access to farmland, inputs and relevant technologies, irrigation schemes, income, markets
and sociocultural factors.

Result 3.1. Increased production of diversified and nutrient dense foods

Initiative 3.1.1. Increase production of fruit and vegetables

Core Activities
 Promote the production of improved fruit and vegetable at household, community and in
schools using SBCC materials and tools
 Support the establishment of fruit and vegetable nursery and demonstration sites at FTCs
and model farmers

Initiative 3.1.2. Increase production of staple crops and pulses

Core Activities
 Promote production of improved varieties of nutrient dense pulses and cereals
 Promote intercropping and mixed farming technologies and practices
 Promote production of bio fortified crops (e.g. High Iron Beans, quality protein maize
[QPM], orange fleshed sweet potato [OFSP] etc) using Social and Behavioral Change
Communication (SBCC) materials and tools

Initiative 3.1.3. Increase production of milk and dairy products

Core Activities
 Promote rearing of improved breeds of dairy animals (cattle, camels, goats)
 Improving dairy husbandry technique through extension
 Support the establishment of milk collection, chilling and processing centers
 Promote value addition on milk and milk products
 Develop appropriate animal feed development and improved feeding practices
 Improve veterinary services both in coverage and quality
 Promote school milk feeding through awareness creation
 Promote and support input supply for dairy animals
 Develop market strategy and market linkages

14
Initiative 3.1.4. Increase production of meat and meat product foods

Core Activities
 Promote rearing of improved breeds of meat animals (cattle, camels, shoats)
 Improving the beef cattle husbandry techniques through extension
 Developing abattoir services to supply hygienic and safe meat to the communities
 Developing appropriate animal feed development and improved feeding practices
 Developing sufficient veterinary services
 Promote and support input supply for beef cattle
 Develop market strategy and market linkages

Initiative 3.1.5. Increase production of poultry and poultry product foods

Core Activities
 Promote the introduction of improved layers and broilers at household level and for
commercial purposes
 Promotion and introduction of school based poultry farms for students and rural women
 Introduction of small scale poultry meat and egg markets in urban areas
 Promotion on proper utilization of poultry meat and egg
 Promote value addition on poultry and poultry products
 Develop market strategy for poultry and poultry products
 Develop appropriate poultry feed development and improved feeding practices
 Create awareness on nutrient content and utilization of poultry meat and egg
 Construct market center for poultry and poultry products and create market linkages
 Establish sufficient veterinary services for poultry

Initiative 3.1.6. Increase production of fish and fish source foods

Core Activities
 Promote aquaculture (introduction and expansion of fish, algae etc.)
 Promote river fishery
 Support community initiated fishery in small and large dams
 Promote improved fishery management of lakes
 Promote value addition on fish and fish products
 Support improved fishery extension services
 Promote and support input supply for fish
 Develop market strategy and market linkages for fish

Initiative 3.1.7. Increase production of honey and honey product

Core Activities
 Promote the introduction of improved bee colonies and apiculture inputs
 Introduction of modern way of honey harvesting, extracting and packaging equipment
 Introduction and promotion of flowers, fruit and shrub trees suitable for apiculture
 Organize youth and women in groups to engage them in beekeeping
 Promote value addition on honey and honey by-products
 Support improved beekeeping extension services
15
  Promote and support input supply for apiculture
 Develop market strategy and market linkages for honey and by-products

Initiative 3.1.8. Reduced post-harvest loss and improved food safety

Core Activities
 Identify key behavior challenges on harvesting, handling and storage of foods of animal
and plant sources
 Identify key messages and disseminate to households and communities using SBCC
materials and tools on food safety and post-harvest technologies and practices
 Ensure the safety of foods from plant and animal sources by raising awareness and
training of households/communities and service providers
 Provide extension services on harvesting, threshing and storage of agricultural produce
 Provide extension services on processing, storage and packaging of animal source food
 Raise awareness and train communities and service providers on food handling, storage,
processing and consumption of safe and nutrition dense foods
 Promote preservation and cold chain facility for vegetables, fruits, animal and fish
products
 Develop quality assurance and food safety guidelines of plant and animal origin
 Establish shade for harvesting and packaging of perishable food items such as vegetables
and fish

Initiative 3.1.9 Increased capacity of farmer training centers

Core Activities
 Establish nutrition demonstration corner at FTCs
 Establish and strengthen FTCs to promote diversified food crop production (agronomic
practices) with due emphasis to female farmers
 Strengthen FTCs to promote livestock husbandry and fishery
 Strengthen DA’s capacity to train model farmers (male /female) on NSA including
organizing farmer field days
 Develop and disseminate training materials for FTC on NSA mainstreaming
 Organize cooking demonstration in FTCs, schools and public gatherings for both men and
women
 Strengthen FTC to promote and demonstrate technologies (irrigation, post-harvest, food
processing, female friendly etc) for year-round availability and access to nutritious foods

Initiatives 3.1.10. Support Agricultural research institutions to develop and disseminate nutrition
sensitive agricultural technologies

Core Activities
 Support research centers in training and provision of vital equipment to build their capacity
 Identify, test and disseminate improved variety of crops and animals including indigenous
foods
 Develop and disseminate agricultural technologies for moisture stress areas to increase
production and productivity of agriculture and livestock
16
  Identify and scale-up selected best practices on preservation, storage and processing of fruit
and vegetables and animal products at household and community levels
 Support agriculture research institutions to conduct operational research works on
improved and nutrition dense varieties e.g. bio-fortification
 Develop and disseminate women’s labor and time saving technologies eg. energy saving
stoves
 Document and disseminate nutrition sensitive agricultural research findings
 Establish Academic Center of Excellence in nutrition sensitive agriculture

Initiative 3.1.11. Improve natural resource base to improve food availability

Core Activities
 Increase access to small scale irrigation for production of vegetables, fruits and animal
feed for year round availability and supply
 Protect and promote natural resource through activities like terracing, mulching,
composting, establishment of tree and fruit nurseries and planting
 Identify and promote production of locally available underutilized nutrient dense foods,
including proper management of wild fruits
 Promote fodder production on soil and water conservations structures
 Promote zero grazing, cut and carry practices and protection of pasture land
 Promote afforestation, area closure and introduction of bee keeping, multi-purpose tree
species planting etc.

Initiative 3.1.12. Engage cooperatives and private sector to promote nutrition sensitive
interventions
Core Activities
 Provide farmers access to livestock and crop inputs (seed, recommended fertilizer etc.)
 Support cooperatives and private sector to take up and multiply improved varieties plants
and animals from research centers
 Support /establish agro business centers
 Support the establishment of milk collection and marketing centers
 Facilitate market linkage for animal and plant source foods
 Create and enabling environment to facilitate cooperatives and private sectors’ capacity to
engage in storage, processing and transportation of foods
 Promote the production and marketing of fortified flours through farmers’ cooperatives
and private sectors

Result 3.2. Increased consumption of safe, diverse and nutrient dense foods at household
levels

Initiative 3.2.1. Increase consumption of safe, diverse and nutrient dense foods of animal and
plant sources at household levels with particular attention to women and children using evidence
based SBCC materials and tools and appropriate channels.
Core Activities
 Identify key consumption behavior barriers and bottlenecks
 Develop and disseminate SBCC materials to address key consumption gaps
 Promote consumption of nutrient dense foods from animal and plant sources
17
  Promote the consumption of bio and commercially fortified crops (High Iron Beans, QPM
and OFSP etc.
 Demonstrate safe food preparation programs for communities at FTCs in collaboration
with health extension workers
 Promote increased consumption of meat, milk, dairy products, eggs and fish
 Promote small scale technologies for preserving and processing of perishable foods
 Support preparation and consumption of complementary food for children under two
using locally available resources

Strategic Objective # 4: Enhance resilience of vulnerable agrarian, agro-pastoral

and pastoral communities and households prone to climate change and moisture
stress

The Ethiopian agricultural sector is mainly dependent on rain-fed agriculture with little attention
to the livestock sector which makes the country highly susceptible to climate change. This has
affected chronic and transitory food and has created nutrition insecurity in the moisture stress areas
of the country. Thus, concerted efforts need to be exerted to build the resilience of drought prone
communities and vulnerable groups to anticipate, cope with and recover from stress and shocks
through various food security and livelihood programs like PSNP. The government has a clear
Climate Resilient Green Economy policy, Climate Smart Agriculture strategy, and Disaster Risk
Management Policy to mitigate the impact of climate change on food and nutrition security at
national and household level. The agriculture sector will continue to implement the Disaster Risk
Management and Climate Smart Agriculture with quality and at scale, giving attention to
improving nutrition and food security for vulnerable rural and urban households.

Result 4.1 Strengthened resilience of food insecure and vulnerable households and
communities by incorporating nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions and practices
into the resource transfer programs/projects

Initiatives 4.1.1. Mainstream nutrition sensitive agricultural interventions and practices into
resource transfer programs
Core Activities
 Provide support on the use soft conditionality to households with children under two
years, pregnant and lactating mothers, people living with HIV and people with disabilities
 Provide extension services to off and on-farm activities
 Promote the use of dry land farming and animal husbandry practices through moisture
harvesting technologies, introduction of early maturing and drought tolerant crops and
animals varieties
 Promote the production and consumption of locally available nutrient dense foods
 Support in collection & dissemination of early warning data from and to households and
communities for early action and response of any potential hazard/disaster

Initiatives 4.1.2. Integrate nutrition issues in to the households and communities coping
mechanisms
Core Activities
 Conduct assessment and analysis on the existing coping strategies of the community
18
  Promote and support the use of sustainable and nutrition-sensitive copping strategies among
the households and communities.

Strategic Objective # 5: Ensure women and youth empowerment and gender

equality

Gender is the cause and consequence of hunger and malnutrition and also associated with higher
levels of acute and chronic under-nutrition. Women engage in a wide range of on and off-farm
activities and have been victims of various harmful traditional practices which influence household
food distribution specifically affecting women access to adequate food with in the household. In
the Ethiopian context, men decide on issues that would affect women’s decision making ability on
resources, expenditure of income and consumption.

Improvements in gender equality can significantly reduce child malnutrition rates (World Bank
2013). This has been evidenced by success in improved diet or nutritional status as a result of
women’s active involvement and critical role in projects (Herforth et al 2012). It is vital for women
to be at the center of nutrition related interventions both in the rural and urban settings. Women in
low-income households are typically fully occupied in a wide array of activities including feeding
and care giving to children, the sick, and the old, collecting water and fuel, preparing food and
performing household chores.

Result 5.1 Empowered women and youth and enhanced their role in nutrition sensitive
agriculture

Initiative 5.1.1 Increased access to resources and inputs for women and youth

Core Activities
 Advocate for revision of land use policy in favor of agriculture and livestock production
for both small scale or commercial purposes
 Provide agriculture extension services and inputs for youth and women (for both female
heads and married women)
 Organize the youth and women in groups and engage them in income generating activities
from agriculture, livestock and natural resources
 Increase female membership and leadership in cooperatives and farmers’ groups
 Strengthen awareness of youth and female farmers on nutrition sensitive production &
consumption

Initiative 5.1.2 Create job opportunities for youth and women to generate income through on and
off-farm activities to improve production and productivity of agriculture and livestock produce

Core Activities
 Conduct assessment to identify vulnerable target groups in a given community
 Organize landless and jobless youth and women in groups and/or saving groups
 Conduct assessment of potential income generating activities in a given community to
identify feasible business models on agriculture and livestock interventions
19
  Promote and support the youth and women groups in providing inputs (seed money/
revolving fund, piece of land, housing and equipment etc.) to start and engage in income
generating activities.
 Organizing youth and women farmers’ groups in dairy, poultry, shoat, fattening,
beekeeping, vegetable and fruit production and processing and marketing to generate
income and improve availability and access
 Provide training and technical support to youth and women groups on income generating
activities, business development services, accounting and financial management
 Facilitate credit and credit linkages with microfinance institutions
 Support in promotion of income generating activities (IGA) products and facilitate market
access and market linkages
 Promote value chain of IGA products to attract markets and increase income.

Initiative 5.1.3 Promote labor and energy saving technologies to reduce women’s workload

Core Activities
 Identify, test and demonstrate labor and time saving technologies
 Promote labor and time saving technologies at FTCs

Initiative 5.1.4 Promote gender sensitivity in nutrition sensitive agriculture at all levels

Core Activities
 Develop and disseminate tools to assess women’s involvement and benefits from nutrition
sensitive agriculture interventions
 Monitor and analyze youth and women’s empowerment and benefits from NSA
interventions

Initiative 5.1.5 Address socio-cultural issues

Core Activities
 Promote active male involvement in feeding and caring practices
 Develop and disseminate SBCC materials and tools to address socio-cultural barriers to
women’s nutrition

20
 Strategic Objective # 6: To establish and strengthen strong multi-sectorial
coordination within the agriculture sectors and with signatories of NNP and other
development partners

Building strong relationships and linkages with different directorates and sections within the
agriculture sector, among the three agriculture sector ministries and with other key actors would
contribute to achieving the desired results (objectives and goals) reflected in the NNP. It improves
exchange of information, quality of plans, interventions and evaluation of outcomes. The nutrition
sensitive agriculture strategic plan will be implemented with strong commitment and involvement
of relevant stakeholders from the agriculture and livestock sectors. The three agriculture sector
ministries will exert efforts to closely work together at directorate, sector and office levels and also
establish appropriate linkages with NNP implementing partners working both in nutrition specific
and nutrition sensitive interventions.
Result 6.1 Strengthened intra and inter-sectorial nutrition coordination at all levels

Initiative 6.1.1. Ensure coordination for NSA within the agriculture sectors
Core Activities
 Set up a strong nutrition body in MoANR, MoLF and MoEFDCC and their respective
affiliated institutions
 Organize regular planning and review meetings with appropriate directorates and sectors of
the agriculture ministries
 Conduct regular monitoring and supportive supervision on nutrition sensitive agriculture
interventions
 Host bi-annual/annual learning events to exchange information, promising practices and
knowledge products on NSA
 Establish and strengthen nutrition linkages in various agriculture programs/projects (PSNP
IV, AGP II, drought resilience sustainable livelihood program etc.).
 Establish and strengthen the linkage between ATVETC and FTCs to use FTCs for practical
demonstration sites for students learning and in-service trainings

Initiative 6.1.2 Strengthen linkages with NNP actors and other relevant development partners

Core Activities
 Establish nutrition sensitive agriculture forum/taskforce to establish and strengthen strong
linkages with donors, UN agencies, NGOs, academia, researchers and private sectors to
jointly plan, implement and monitor NSA interventions
 Improve capacity of the agriculture sector to actively engaged in co-chairing the nutrition
coordination body of the NNP to improve implementation and adequately address NSA
issues
 Actively engage in strengthening the national and regional nutrition coordination bodies
and technical committees
 Strengthen the institutional linkages at grassroots level, e.g. between health extension
workers and development agents for improved nutrition practices at household level

21
Monitoring and Evaluation

22
CHAPTER FOUR: MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and evaluation of nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions will be part of the
agriculture sector’s framework and will be integrated in to the performance evaluation
accountability and reporting framework of the agriculture sector. A reporting structure will be
established which includes key nutrition sensitive agriculture indicators to monitor progress against
target.

The monitoring and evaluation aspect of the nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy include:
 Provision of the necessary support to establishing comprehensive monitoring and
implementation systems, tools and capacities in the Planning and Program Directorates
(PPDs) of various ministries and bureaus of agriculture for nutrition within the agriculture
sector.
 Review the implementation of NNP II on regular basis (e.g. bi-annually and annually).
 Ensure the incorporation of appropriate nutrition sensitive agriculture indicators and targets
in the agriculture sectors’ work plans at federal, regional, zonal, woreda and kebele level
 Develop key nutrition sensitive agriculture indicators and integrate them into the agriculture
sector’s joint supportive supervision checklists to monitor progress
 Integrate the recording, analysis and reporting of nutrition data, if possible, disaggregated
by sex and age within the existing agriculture sector information systems
 Build the capacity of staff for the agriculture sector in data management at all levels to
collect and analyze data to see progress, trends and changes over time and use the
information for planning and decision making.
 Conduct surveys and assessments, undertake research and evaluations to measure progress
and document knowledge products for designing and implementation of nutrition sensitive
agriculture

23
Five Year Strategic Plan

24
 Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Five Year Strategic Plan
Result Initiatives Indicator Base Target Means of Responsible
line 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Verification Unit

Strategic Objective 1: To leverage nutrition into agriculture and livestock sector policy/strategies and program documents at all level
Result 1.1 Integrate Initiative 1.1.1 Mainstream # of policy, strategy, and programs Food and
nutrition into agriculture nutrition interventions into the documents with incorporated nutrition NA - 3 5 - - Review of nutrition case
sector policy, strategies and agriculture policies, strategies, objectives, indicators and targets documents team (MoANR),
program documents at all programs & investment and MoLF & MoFEP
levels action plans
Strategic Objective 2: To establish/strengthen institutional and organizational structure and capacity responsible for implementation of nutrition
sensitive agriculture
Result 2.1: Established / Progress report Food and
Initiative 2.1.1 Establish and
strengthened food & # of agriculture sector ministries and Assessment nutrition case
strengthen food and nutrition
nutrition structure within institutions establish/strengthen 1 - 3 8 - - report team (MoANR),
structure at national, regional,
MoANR and MoLF and its nutrition structures MoLF &
zonal, woreda & kebele level
affiliates at all levels MoEFCC
Result 2.2: Build capacity # of capacity needs assessment Progress report Food and
1 - - 1 - 1
of implementers on conducted Assessment nutrition case
nutrition sensitive # of standard training materials on report team (MoANR),
NA - 1 1 - -
agriculture at all levels Initiative 2.2.1 Build capacity NSA developed and disseminated MoLF &
of the agriculture sector to # ToT facilitated based on standard MoEFCC
NA - 4 4 8 8
implement nutrition sensitive training packages
agriculture # of NSA implementation manuals
NA - - 1 1 -
developed and disseminated
# of SBCC strategies for NSA
NA - 1 - - -
developed and disseminated
Result 2.3: Revised # number of core competencies - Review of Food and
NA - 1 - -
curriculum of higher developed/reviewed documents nutrition case
Initiative 2.3.1 Incorporate
education institutions and # number of curricula incorporated - - Progress report team (MoANR),
nutrition sensitive agriculture NA - 1 -
ATVETC with nutrition with nutrition core competencies Assessment MoLF &
core competencies into
sensitive agriculture - - report MoEFCC
curriculum of agriculture # of teaching aids developed NA 1 - -
competencies.
ATVETC
# of trainings conducted for ATVETC - -
NA 1 1 -
instructors

25
 Initiative 2.3.2 Support # number of core competencies NA - 1 - - - Review of Food and nutrition
education sector to develop developed/reviewed documents case team (MoANR),
and incorporate nutrition # number of curricula incorporated NA - 1 - - - Assessment MoLF & MoEFCC
sensitive agriculture core nutrition core competencies report
competencies into curriculum # of teaching aids developed & NA - 1 - - -
of learning institutions disseminate
# of trainings conducted for learning NA - 1 - 1 -
institutions
Strategic Objective 3. Increase year-round availability, access, and consumption of diverse, safe, and nutritious foods of animal and plant sources
Result 3.1. Increased Thousands of tons of fruits and 3866.3 - 5000 5438 5915.3 5915.3 Report from Food and nutrition
production of diversified vegetables produced the ministry case team (MoANR)
and nutrient dense foods # of fruits and vegetable nursery sites - 11 14 17 20 Report from
Initiative 3.1.1 Increase NA
established zonal capital
production of fruit and
Proportion of households with - 25 30 35 40
vegetables NA
backyard gardening
Proportion of urban households in - 10 15 20 25
NA
zonal capitals with urban gardening
Nutrient dense staple crops and pulses Report from Food and nutrition
Initiative 3.1.2 Increase produced (in million quintals) - extension case team (MoANR)
270.0 345.7 374.7 406.3 406.3
production of staple crops and (15% of the total producse) directorate
pulses -
# of bio-fortified crops promoted 2 5 5 8 10

Initiative 3.1.3 Increase Proportion of woredas with at least one - Report from Report from MoANR
NA 2 3 4 5
production of animal source milk collection center extension & MoLF
foods directorate
Liters of milk (in million liters) 5,304 - 5,938 6,610 7,051 9,418
Initiative 3.1.4. Increase
production of meat and meat Thousands of tons of meat produced 1,321 - 2,103
1,652 1,805 1,966
product foods
# of eggs (in millions) 163 - 1581 2382 3148 3938
Initiative 3.1.5. Increase # of poultry reproduction centers
NA - 8 12 16 20
production of poultry and established
poultry product foods Proportion of urban and rural
households with caged poultry NA - 2 3 4 5
production
Initiative 3.1.6. Increase Proportion of potential lakes with fish
production of fish and fish NA - 10 20 30 50
producing groups supported
source foods

26
 # of community ponds established 1500 - 1700 1800 1900 2000
Report from
honey and
Initiative 3.1.7. Increase Metric tons of honey produced 60.7 - 86 98.6 111.2 123.9 wool
production of honey
development
directorate
Type and number of SBCC materials Report from Food and nutrition
on safety and post-harvest technology NA - 2 - - - cooperatives case team (MoANR)
Initiative 3.1.8: Reduced developed Report from MoLF
postharvest loss and # of awareness creation events on food extension
NA - 2 1 2 1 directorate
improved food safety safety conducted
Types of postharvest handling and
2 2 2 2
processing technologies introduced NA -
Proportion of FTCs with food and Report from Food and nutrition
NA - 20 30 40 50
nutrition demonstration corner extension case team (MoANR)
Initiative 3.1.9 Increased # of standardized training materials directorate MoLF
NA - - 2 - -
capacity of farmer training and job aids developed
centers Proportion of FTC supported with
appropriate technologies for NA - 15 20 25 30
demonstration
Proportion of research institutions Progress Food and nutrition
supported to establish/strengthen to NA - 20 30 40 50 report case team (MoANR),
Initiatives 3.1.10 Support promote NSA MoLF & MoEFCC
agricultural research # of nutrient dense improved varieties -
2 5 5 8 10
institutions to promote developed and disseminated
nutrition sensitive agriculture # of appropriate post-harvest handling
& processing technologies identified NA - 3 4 5
2
and disseminated
Proportion of farmers using small scale - Report from Food and nutrition
2 5 10 15 20
Initiative 3.1.11 Improve irrigation extension case team (MoANR)
natural resource base to Hectare of land covered with directorate
improve food availability multipurpose trees (fruits) through NA - 15 20 25 30
watershed management.
Initiative 3.1.12 Engage Report from Food and nutrition
Proportion of cooperatives and private
cooperatives and private - extension case team (MoANR)
sectors engaged in supply of nutrition NA 10 15 20 25
sector to promote nutrition directorate MoLF
sensitive inputs and food products
sensitive interventions

27
Result 3.2 Increased Initiative 3.2.1 Increase Percentage of women consuming - 25 27 29 31 Survey Food and nutrition
20.3
consumption of safe, consumption of safe, diverse diversified meal (> 4 food groups) Report case team (MoANR)
diverse and nutrient dense and nutrient dense foods at Minimum dietary diversity score of - 21.8 27.8 33.8 40 MoLF
foods at household level 9.8
household children under two years
Strategic Objective 4: Enhance resilience of vulnerable agrarian, agro-pastoralist and pastoralist communities and households prone to climate
change and moisture stress
Result 4.1 Strengthened Initiatives 4.1.1 Mainstream Type and number of NSA key Progress Food and nutrition
resilience of food insecure nutrition sensitive agricultural messages and practices integrated in to NA - 5 5 - - report case team (MoANR),
and vulnerable households interventions and practices resource transfer programs Assessment MoLF & MoEFCC
and communities by into resource transfer # of NSA indicators integrated into the - 2 - - - report
NA
incorporating key NSA programs early warning information system
messages and practices into # of assessments conducted on existing - - 1 - - Assessment Food and nutrition
Initiatives 4.1.2 Integrate NA
the resource transfer coping strategies report case team (MoANR),
nutrition issues into the
programs/projects Review of MoLF & MoEFDCC
households and communities’ # of sustainable coping strategies - - 1 - 1
NA documented
coping mechanisms documented and disseminated
strategies
Strategic Objective 5: Increased women’s and youth’s empowerment and gender equality
Result 5.1 Empowered Initiative 5.1.1 Increase Report from Food and nutrition
Proportion of women engaged in
women and enhanced their access to resources and inputs NA - 10 15 20 25 extension case team (MoANR),
income generating activities
role in nutrition sensitive for women directorate MoLF & MoEFCC
agriculture Number of job opportunities for youth Report from Food and nutrition
Initiative 5.1.2: Create job extension case team(MoANR),
and women created and income
opportunities for youth and 1033 1615 2247 2979 3761 4705 directorate MoLF & MoEFCC
generated through agriculture and
women
livestock interventions in thousands
Initiative 5.1.3 Promote labor Types of energy and time saving Report from Food and nutrition
NA - 4 6 8 10 extension case team(MoANR)
and energy saving technologies promoted
technologies to reduce Proportion of women with access to directorate
women’s workload NA - 15 20 30 40
labor and time saving technologies
Initiative 5.1.4 Promote Report from Food and nutrition
Number of assessments conducted to
gender sensitivity in nutrition extension case team(MoANR),
ensure gender sensitivity of NSA NA - 1 - 1 -
sensitive agriculture at all directorate MoLF & MoEFCC
interventions
levels
Report from Food and nutrition
Number of awareness creation
Initiative 5.1.5 Address extension case team (MoANR),
campaigns conducted on socio-cultural NA - 1 1 1 1
socio-cultural issues directorate MoLF & MoEFCC
issues

28
Strategic Objective 6: To establish/strengthen strong multi-sectorial coordination within the agriculture sector and with signatories of NNP II &
other development partners
Result 6.1 Strengthen intra Initiative 6.1.1 Ensure Report from Food and nutrition
and inter sectoral nutrition coordination for nutrition # of knowledge sharing events extension case team (MoANR),
NA - 2 2 4 4
coordination at all level sensitive agriculture within organized directorate MoLF & MoEFCC
the agriculture sector
# of NBC meetings attended NA - 2 2 2 2 Report from Food and nutrition
Initiative 6.1.2 Strengthen
# NTC meetings attended NA - 4 4 4 4 extension case team (MoANR)
linkages with NNP actors and
directorate
other relevant national # of NSA working groups established 2 - 2 - - -
development partners # of NSA task forces established NA - 1 - - -

29
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