The document contains 10 questions related to water treatment processes and calculations. Questions involve determining coagulant dosages, dimensions of rapid mixing and flocculation basins, power requirements, detention times, and chemical quantities. Calculations require knowledge of water treatment unit operations and chemical properties.
The document contains 10 questions related to water treatment processes and calculations. Questions involve determining coagulant dosages, dimensions of rapid mixing and flocculation basins, power requirements, detention times, and chemical quantities. Calculations require knowledge of water treatment unit operations and chemical properties.
The document contains 10 questions related to water treatment processes and calculations. Questions involve determining coagulant dosages, dimensions of rapid mixing and flocculation basins, power requirements, detention times, and chemical quantities. Calculations require knowledge of water treatment unit operations and chemical properties.
The document contains 10 questions related to water treatment processes and calculations. Questions involve determining coagulant dosages, dimensions of rapid mixing and flocculation basins, power requirements, detention times, and chemical quantities. Calculations require knowledge of water treatment unit operations and chemical properties.
DEPARTMENT OF HYDRAULIC AND WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
WATER TREATMENT ASSIGNMENT
TARGET GROUP: 4th YEAR CIVIL ENGINEERING SUMMER 1. How much alkalinity (as CaC03) is consumed by a dose of 40 mg/L of each of the following coagulants: Al2(S04)3 . 14H2O, Fe2(S04)3 , and FeCl3?
2. Design a square rapid mixing basin for a water treatment plant with a design flow of 8000m3/d. The basin depth is equal to 1.25 times the width. The design velocity gradient will be 1000 s-l at 15°C and the detention time is to be 30 s. Determine the basin dimensions, and the input power required.
Use:
T(oc) μ (*10-4 N.s/m2)
10 13 15 11.51 20 10.02
3. A water treatment plant is processing a flow of 42000 m3/d. The flocculation system consists of three identical parallel units. A side view of one of the units is shown in the sketch below. The dimensions of each flocculation unit are 4.5 m wide by 4.5 m deep by 18.8 m long. The inlet baffle is located 0.3 m from the front wall. Each unit has three sets of paddles mounted on a horizontal shaft. There are three sets of paddles attached to the shaft. The first set of paddles has four paddles on each arm (total of eight paddles) with centers located at 1.9, 1.7, 1.5, and 1.3 m from the shaft. The second set has three paddles on each arm with centers located at 1.9, 1.7, and 1.5 m from the shaft, and the third set has two paddles per arm with centers located at 1.9 and 1.5 m from the shaft. Each paddle is 0.1 m wide and 4.5 m long. The first paddle set is 0.8 m from the inlet baffle and the paddle set are separated by a distance of 0.8 m. At temperatures of 2 and 25°c what is the rotational speed of the shaft to achieve a mean velocity gradient of 20 s-l in a unit? What is the local velocity gradient for each paddle set? CD = 1.8, k = 0.25.
μ (*10-4 N. ρ o T( c) s / m2) (kg/m3) 0 17.53 999.8 2 16.624 999.78 10 13 999.7
4. A flocculation basin designed to treat 50,000 m3/d of water is 21 m long, 15 m wide and 3.60 m deep. The paddle-wheel units consist of four horizontal shafts that rotate at 4 rpm. The shafts are located perpendicular to the direction of flow at mid-depth of the basin. Each shaft is equipped with four paddle wheels 3 m in diameter and each wheel has four blades3.30 m long and 150 mm wide with two blades located on each side of the wheel.
The blades are 300 mm apart. Assume the water velocity to be 30% of the velocity of the paddles and that the water temperature is 10oc. Determine:
a. The power input to the water
b. The velocity gradient c. The retention time d. The Gt value 5. The population of a town is 100,000 and the average per capita demand is 135litres/day/capita. Design the coagulation and sedimentation tank for supplying water to the town. The maximum demand may be taken as 1.5 times the average demand. Detention period is 5 hours for settling tank and 30 minutes for flocculent chamber. Flow rate is 900 litres/hour/m2 of plain area. 6. The water works of a city treats 50 million litres/day of water in a coagulation sedimentation tank. The quantity of alum consumed is 15 mg/litres of water. If the alkalinity of raw water is equivalent to 1.0 mg/litre of CaCO3, determine the quantity of alum and quick lime (containing 80% CaO) required per month by water works.
7. A water treatment plan uses Ferrous sulphate and lime as a coagulant at the rate of 10mg/l of water .Find out the quantity of Ferrous sulphate and the required to treat 27 million liters of water. 8. A water treatment plant is to treat 25 MGD (94.6250 MLD) of raw water from a large stream. Water treatment consists of chemical feeding, rapid mixing, filtration, corrosion control, and disinfection. Assume: (a) 1 square rapid mixing basin with a detention time of 30 s and a depth of 10 ft (3.0480 m); (b) four rectangular flocculation basins with a detention of 30 min, length/width ratio of 2, and a depth of 15 ft (4.5720 m). Determine the dimensions of the rapid mixing basin and four flocculation basins.
9. Calculate the volume and dimension (L × W × H) of a square rapid mixing basin and design the mechanical mixer, assuming (a) maximum design flow = 100 MLD = 26.42 MGD; (b) number of mixing basins = 4; (c) number of mixing stages = 1; (d) mixing detention time = 30 seconds; (e) mixer velocity gradient (G) = 950/seconds; (f) depth-to- width ratio of the mixing basin = 1.5; (g) raw water temperature range = 5◦C to 29◦C; (h) efficiency of mechanical mixer’s gearbox = 90%; (i) power number of the impeller given by the manufacturer Np = 2.75; and (j) Reynolds number equation for rapid mixers R = d2 n𝜌/𝜇, where d = impeller diameter, m; n = impeller rotation speed, revolution per second, or rps; 𝜌 = mass density, kg/m3; and 𝜇 = dynamic viscosity = 1.518 × 10-3 N- s/m2 at 5◦C.
10. A plant treating 50 MGD (189.25 MLD) of water is using 50 mg/L of alum [Al2(SO4)3⋅14.3H2O] as a coagulant. The water contains a natural alkalinity of 30 mg/L as 3Ca(HCO3)2. Compute the number of pounds of lime as CaO required per day.
