This document contains examples of water collection and distribution problems. Example 1 calculates the brake horsepower needed to pump water to an overhead tank. Example 2 checks for cavitation in a pump given head and discharge values. Other examples include designing a river intake, sizing a service reservoir, and calculating velocities and pressures in a distribution system. Hard-Cross Method is used to determine flows in a pipe network.
This document contains examples of water collection and distribution problems. Example 1 calculates the brake horsepower needed to pump water to an overhead tank. Example 2 checks for cavitation in a pump given head and discharge values. Other examples include designing a river intake, sizing a service reservoir, and calculating velocities and pressures in a distribution system. Hard-Cross Method is used to determine flows in a pipe network.
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This document contains examples of water collection and distribution problems. Example 1 calculates the brake horsepower needed to pump water to an overhead tank. Example 2 checks for cavitation in a pump given head and discharge values. Other examples include designing a river intake, sizing a service reservoir, and calculating velocities and pressures in a distribution system. Hard-Cross Method is used to determine flows in a pipe network.
This document contains examples of water collection and distribution problems. Example 1 calculates the brake horsepower needed to pump water to an overhead tank. Example 2 checks for cavitation in a pump given head and discharge values. Other examples include designing a river intake, sizing a service reservoir, and calculating velocities and pressures in a distribution system. Hard-Cross Method is used to determine flows in a pipe network.
Rate of water supply per head per day is 200 liters. Calculate the Brake Horsepower(BHP) of motor to raise the water to an overhead tank 50 m high. Length and diameter of the rising main is 200m and 40cm, respectively. Assume motor efficiency 90 % and the of the pump 60 %. Take f = 0.01 and peak hourly demand as 1.5 times the average demand.
Eyosias B. 2 Solution Average demand = population * per capita per day = 120,000 x 200 = 24 x 106 L/day = 24000 m3/day or (0.28 m3/sec) • Peak hr demand = 1.5 x 0.28 m3/sec = 0.42 m3/sec • Specfic Weight of liquid delivered by the pump =1000 kg/m3 x 10 m/sec2 = 10 KN/m3 • Total static head = 50 m
• H = hs + hf = 50 + 2.85 = 52.85 m , η = 0.9 x 0.6 = 0.54
�∗�∗� 10��/�3 ∗0.42�3/� ∗52.85 ��� = = = ����� 75∗Ƞ 75∗0.54 Eyosias B. 3 Example 2 The pump shown in the figure below has a head characteristics that can be expressed by;
H = 100 – 6000Q1.85 Where; H = pump head in meters and Q = discharge in m3/s.
a. Calculate the head and discharge of the pump.
b. Check the potential for cavitation if the anticipated maximum vapor pressure and minimum absolute barometric pressure are 0.40m and 9.70m, respectively. NPSHrequired for the pump is 3.0 m. Neglect minor head losses.
Eyosias B. 4 Example 2: Solution üFirst calculate the TOTAL Dynamic HEAD (TDH) üTDH = Hs + hld+ hls üHs = 640 – 600 = 40 m
ü Since we have: 100 - 6000 Q1.85 = 40 +8067.66 Q1.85 Q = 0.0523m3/sec & Head = 40 +8067.66 *(0.0523)1.85 H = 74.45m Eyosias B. 5 Example 2: Solution • Since NPSHR = 3.0 m
NPSHA = Habs – (Hvap + hls + suction lift)
Habs = 9.70 m, Hvap = 0.40 m and
Suction lift = 603m - 600m =3 m
The net positive suction head (NPSH)available should be greater than NPSH required NPSHmin
NSPHA = 9.7 – (0.4 + 0.3824 + 3)
= 5.92 > 3 no cavitation
Eyosias B. 6 Example 1: River Intake design
Given the following information
proportion a suitable river intake. • Daily demand 5000 m3 • Pump capacity: 50 l/s (working 8 hr/day) design Pump Capacity, Number of pumps, and Effective height of sump to deliver Daily demand 5000 m3 ?
Eyosias B. 7 Example 1 Solution • Capacity of each pump daily = Q*t = 50 l/s* working 8 hr)
=8x3600x50/1000=1440 m3
• Number of pumps = 5000/1440 = 3.47 4
• Hourly flow of each pump = 5000/(4x8)=156.24 m3/h
1.5 = 8.1 • Free board = 0.5 • Total sump height = 8.6 m • If we use circular sump diameter = 2.86 m
Eyosias B. 9 Example 1 (Reservoir capacity)
• Design a service reservoir if Qdaymax is 2400 m3. Two pumps are working at constant rate of 150 m3/hr. Determine for how many hours pumping should be done. Solution • Step 1. ����� 2400 Pumping hour = = = = 8 hrs for each pump (� � ������� ��������) (2 � 150)
Step 2. • Balancing requirement • Pumping is done for a total of 16 hrs = 2400 m3 • But demand for 16 hrs is 2400 x 16/24 = 1600 m3 • Excess that needs to be stored = 2400-1600 = 800 m3 Eyosias B. 10 Example 1 (Reservoir capacity)
design considerations :
Equalizing storage (Excess that needs to be stored)+ Emergency reserve
Provide 2 reservoirs of each 500 m3 Capacity (m3) Depth, m
From table take depth of 3.0 m3
<500 2.5 – 3.5 X-sectional area = 500/3.0 = 166.67 m2 500 - 2000 3.0 – 5.0 �2 Area = 166.67 = � 4 2000 - 5000 4.5 – 6.0 Taking circular tank diameter = 14.57 m > 5000 5.0 – 8.0 Eyosias B. 12 Example 2 A water supply system is proposed to be designed for a small town which has a maximum daily demand of 515 m3/d. Estimate storage requirement if pumping is done for 12 hrs only (from 4 to 16). Use the following demand variation data.
Time (hr) 0-4 4-8 8 - 12 12 - 16 16 - 20 20 - 24
Demand as % of total daily 6.7 9.2 20.8 28.3 25 10 demand
Eyosias B. 13 Example 2
Eyosias B. 14 Example 2
Eyosias B. 15 Example 1 (Hydraulic Analysis of DS)
Determine velocity and residual Pressure at the demand
centers.
Eyosias B. 16 Solution: Velocity Calculation
Eyosias B. 17 Solution: Head loss calculation
Eyosias B. 18 Solution: Residual pressure calculation
Eyosias B. 19 Example (pipe networking)
• Determine the discharge in
each of the pipes using Hard-Cross Method use (c= 100) Solution Hazen- Williams’s formula,
