Ingles Unicamp - Questões
Ingles Unicamp - Questões
There’s a whi of madness in the ction of Clarice Lispector. The “Complete Stories” of the Brazilian writer, edited by
Benjamin Moser and sensitively translated by Katrina Dodson, is a dangerous book to read quickly or casually because it’s so
consistently delirious. Sentence by sentence, page by page, Lispector is exhilaratingly, arrestingly strange, but her
perceptions come so fast, veer so wildly between the mundane and the metaphysical, that after a while you don’t know
where you are, either in the book or in the world. So it’s best to approach her with some caution. For the ordinary reader —
that is to say, for most of us — immersion in the teeming mind of Clarice Lispector can be an exhausting, even a deranging,
experience, not to be undertaken lightly. (Pack food, water, a first aid kit and plenty of sunblock.)
Her stories are full of strange words, in strange combinations, and her “Complete Stories” is a remarkable book, proof that
she was — in the company of Jorge Luis Borges, Juan Rulfo and her 19th-century countryman Machado de Assis — one of
the true originals of Latin American literature.
By Clarice Lispector
A positiva, apesar das ressalvas quanto aos cuidados que a leitura da obra exige.
There will come soft rains and the smell of the ground,
And swallows circling with their shimmering sound;
And frogs in the pools singing at night,
And wild plum trees in tremulous white;
Robins will wear their feathery fire,
Whistling their whims on a low fence-wire;
And not one will know of the war, not one
Will care at last when it is done.
Not one would mind, neither bird nor tree,
If mankind perished utterly;
And Spring herself, when she woke at dawn
Would scarcely know that we were gone.
O poema destaca
O cartaz reproduzido a seguir faz parte de uma campanha da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.
(Disponível em https://www.paho.org/en/topics/violence-against-women. Acessado em 24/08/2020.)
Questão 4 Pronomes
English lacks a gender-neutral singular pronoun to correspond with singular pronouns like everyone or someone, and as a
consequence they has been used for this purpose for over 600 years. Recently though, they has also been used to refer to a
person whose gender identity is nonbinary, a sense that is increasingly common in published text, social media, and in daily
personal interactions between English speakers. There's no doubt that its use is established in the English language, which is
why it was added to the Merriam-Webster dictionary in September of 2019.
Nonbinary they was also prominent in the news in 2019. Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal (WA) revealed in April that her
child is gender-nonconforming and uses they. And the American Psychological Association’s blog o cially recommended
that singular they be preferred in professional writing over “he or she” when the reference is to a person whose gender is
unknown or to a person who prefers they.
(Adaptado de https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-of-the-year/ they. Acessado em 29/04/2020.)
De acordo com o texto, o fato de uma palavra simples, como o pronome “they”, ter sido escolhida como a palavra do ano
de 2019 se justifica pela necessidade de
A fazer justiça a uma palavra que já é usada há mais de 600 anos.
B legitimar os sentidos recentes dessa palavra que permeiam diversas instâncias da vida social.
C esclarecer dúvidas quanto ao emprego gramatical adequado dessa palavra em textos escritos.
D atender às recomendaço ̃e s de órgão s o ciais quanto ao uso dessa palavra em textos escritos.
The decision by a UK University to close history, modern languages and politics degrees in favour of more “career- focused”
courses has been widely criticised. The problem lies in reducing university education to what sells to employers. A society –
and a world – urgently needs people who have the education to think about big issues, which aren’t only scienti c or
technological: they’re also about the ways that people have made, and continue to make, decisions. The humanities matter.
And it matters that students from all backgrounds have the opportunity to join in these world-changing discussions.
Catherine Fletcher is completely correct to warn about the damage that current policies are doing to the humanities. But her
warning comes much too late. As I and other scholars have shown, the problem started with a government green paper
which declared that the fundamental purpose of higher education was to serve the economy. Until we recover the idea that
higher education is as much about the public good as anything else, we will never be able to sustain the humanities as an
essential component of a balanced curriculum. Unfortunately, there is very little sign that this has been grasped by any of our
current policymakers.
Os textos acima concordam quanto à identi cação de um problema nos cursos universitários no Reino Unido, mas divergem
quanto
A curious item was found among Beethoven’s e ects, locked away in a drawer, at the time of his death: three letters, written
but apparently never sent (they may have been sent but returned to him), to the “Immortal Beloved.” The content, which
varies from high- own poetic sentiments to banal complaints about his health and discomfort, makes it clear that this is no
literary exercise but was intended for a real person. The month and day of the week are given, but not the year. The periods
1801–02, 1806–07, and 1811–12 have been proposed, but the last is the most probable. The most cogent arguments regarding
the identity of the person addressed, those by Maynard Solomon, point to Antonie Brentano, a native Viennese, who was
the wife of a Frankfurt merchant and sister-in-law to Beethoven familiar Bettina Brentano.
D a hipótese mais sólida é a de que a destinatária das cartas seria uma vienense.
Os tweets abaixo remetem ao contexto do trabalho domiciliar durante o perío do de isolamento social.
C ilustra uma experiência que elas vivenciaram juntas em uma reunião online.
A situação abaixo ocorreu em uma entrevista com a atriz Scarlett Johansson e o ator Robert Downey Junior, que atuaram
juntos em um filme.
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Questão 9 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
Equity is about giving people what they need, in order to make things fair. This is not the same as equality, social justice, nor is
it the same as inequality. It is giving more to those who need it, which is proportionate to their own circumstances, in order
to ensure that everyone has the same opportunities; for example providing more support to a disadvantaged student so they
can reach their full potential.
(Adaptado de https://social-change.co.uk/blog/2019-03-29-equality-and-equity; https://cx.report/2020/06/02/equity/.
Acessado em 22/07/2020.)
Sabemos que esses conceitos são complexos. Diante disso, o designer Tony Ruth os representou gra camente, como
ilustram as figuras a seguir. Assinale a alternativa que mais se aproxima do conceito destacado no trecho anterior.
Reproduz-se abaixo uma carta do poeta inglês John Keats a sua amada Fanny Brawne.
Sweetest Fanny,
When you passed my window home yesterday, I was lled with as much admiration as if I had then seen you for the rst
time. You uttered a half complaint once that I only loved your Beauty. Have I nothing else then to love in you but that? Do
not I see your heart? Nothing has been able to turn your thoughts a moment from me. Even if you did not love me I could
not help an entire devotion to you: how much more deeply then must I feel for you knowing you love me. My Mind has been
the most discontented and restless one that ever was put into a body too small for it. I never felt my Mind repose upon
anything with complete and undistracted enjoyment – upon no person but you. When you are in the room my thoughts never
fly out of window: you always concentrate my whole senses.
O autor da carta
A lamenta o fato de que a mulher que ele adora não o ama da mesma forma.
B revela que o amor por essa mulher lhe trouxe intranquilidade e pensamentos negativos.
C mostra sua admiração por uma mulher que, para ele, encarna a beleza em sua essência.
D a rma que seus sentimentos pela mulher não mudariam mesmo se não fosse correspondido.
Questão 11 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
O cartaz anterior, divulgado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde no contexto da atual pandemia, destaca o papel dos
governos em
A oferecer medidas de proteção e prevenção a mulheres e crianças, mais vulneráveis aos sintomas da doença.
B dar apoio a mulheres e crianças vitimas de situaço ̃e s domésticas inseguras agravadas pela doença.
C incluir mulheres e crianças entre aqueles que merecem prioridade em tratamentos de emergência da doença.
D preparar serviço s de suporte para atender mulheres e crianças diretamente afetadas pela doença.
All aboard the flat earth cruise – just don’t tell them about nautical navigation
A group of people who believe the Earth is at have announced their “boldest adventure yet”: a Flat Earth cruise scheduled
for 2020. Flat earthers will enjoy swimming pools and perhaps even an arti cial surf wave. There’s just one problem for those
celebrating the atness of the Earth. The navigational systems cruise ships, and other vessels, use rely on the fact that the
Earth is not at. “Nautical charts are designed with that in mind: that the Earth is round. GPS relies on 24 main satellites which
orbit the Earth to provide positional and navigational information. The reason why 24 satellites were used is because of the
curvature of the Earth,” said Henk Keijer, a former cruise ship captain who sailed all over the globe during a 23-year career.
“At least three satellites are required to determine a position. But someone located on the other side of the Earth would also
like to know their position, so they also require a certain number of satellites. Had the Earth been at, a total of three
satellites would have been enough to provide this information to everyone on Earth. But it is not enough, because the Earth is
round.”
A uma contradição .
C um equívoco da ciência.
IS BURNOUT REAL?
Last week, the World Health Organization upgraded burnout from a “state” of exhaustion to “a syndrome” resulting from
“chronic workplace stress” in its International Disease Classi cation. That is such a broad de nition that it could well apply to
most people at some point in their working lives. When a disorder is reportedly so widespread, it makes me wonder whether
we are at risk of medicalizing everyday distress. If almost everyone su ers from burnout, then no one does, and the concept
loses all credibility.
By Richard A. Friedman
I'm sure the author's generation also experienced workplace stress. However, his generation also experienced real
economic stability and socioeconomic gains. There was a light at the end of the tunnel. Currently, we are working tirelessly
towards what ends? There doesn't seem to be a light at the end of the tunnel. The burnout is psychological and existential as
much as it is physical.
Questão 14 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
Em uma entrevista, a escritora nigeriana Ayobami Adebayo re etiu sobre os personagens principais (Yejide e Akin) e o
contexto sociopolítico de seu romance Stay With Me.
While writing, I also started thinking about the middle class in Nigeria. When Yejide visits her mother-in-law, there’s a very low
fence in front of their house. It’s barely a fence. When Yejide and Akin build their own house in the early nineties, they erect a
fence that’s higher than the house. You can’t see inside. That was something I observed about architecture in Nigeria—that at
some point, probably in the eighties and nineties, when things became quite turbulent and there was all of this insecurity, one
of the ways the people who could a ord to insulate themselves against what was going on did was to build higher fences, to
use money as a shield in a sense. I wanted that political turbulence to play in the background.
C a tentativa da classe média de exercer um impacto na realidade política nos anos 1980 e 1990.
D a violência e a corrupção dos anos 1980 e 1990 e seus impactos nos personagens do romance.
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Questão 15 Quantif iers Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
A página Greengo Dictionary apresenta, em inglês, interpretaço ̃e s bem-humoradas de expressõe s do português do Brasil.
A abrange os sentidos das palavras “mansplaining” e “manterrupting”, contextualizando o uso da expressão no Brasil.
B contrasta com os sentidos das palavras “mansplaining” e “manterrupting”, contemplando aspectos culturais
especí cos do Brasil.
C expande os sentidos das palavras “mansplaining” e “manterrupting”, indicando um uso em contextos mais formais.
D modi ca os sentidos das palavras “mansplaining” e “manterrupting”, destacando diferenças culturais entre o inglês
e o português.
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Questão 16 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
(Disponível em https://toonhole.com/comic/what-would-you-like-for-christmas. Acessado em 30/07/2020.)
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O texto abaixo descreve um importante monumento associado a um evento histórico ocorrido nos Estados Unidos. Leia-o
e responda às questões, em português.
This Memorial is a tribute of remembrance and honor to the 2,977 people killed in the terrorist attacks near the turn of the
21ˢᵗ century. The Memorial’s twin re ecting pools feature the largest manmade waterfalls in North America. The pools sit
within the footprints where the Twin Towers once stood. The names of every person who died in the attacks are inscribed
into bronze panels edging the Memorial pools, a powerful reminder of the largest loss of life resulting from a foreign attack
on American soil and the greatest single loss of rescue personnel in American history.
a) Por que o memorial foi construído? Cite, em português, uma passagem do texto que destaca a importância do evento
descrito para a história dos EUA.
b) Aponte um impacto geopolítico para os EUA do acontecimento descrito no texto e identi que um país do Oriente
Médio posteriormente envolvido no acontecimento.
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Questão 18 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
An international group proposed a framework of nine planetary boundaries that underpin the stability of the global
ecosystem. Since the mid-1950s, many elements that ensure the habitability of the planet are degrading at an accelerating
pace. The latest research indicates that, as a result of human activity, we have now exceeded the “safe” levels for four
planetary boundaries.
Considering these changes, some people believe that human beings can adapt with the help of technology, but that’s not
based on fact. “There is no convincing evidence that a large mammal, with a core body temperature of 37°C, will be able to
evolve that quickly,” said Prof. Will Steffen of the Australian National University and the Stockholm Resilience Centre.
(Fonte: K. L. Nash e outros, Planetary boundaries for a blue planet. Nature ecology & evolution, v. 1, p. 625-1634, out. 2017.
Adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/ jan/15/rate-of-environmentaldegradation-puts-life-on-earth-
at-risk-say-scientists. Acessado em 26/09/2019.)
a) Considerando as informações da gura, cite um dos limites planetários que apresenta alto risco. Explique como podemos
associá-lo à atividade humana no planeta.
b) A a rmação do Prof. Will Ste en se refere a um processo biológico para manter a homeostase corporal nos seres
humanos. Que processo é esse e qual a sua importância para os seres humanos?
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Antibiotic resistance is possible because bacteria are able to exchange genetic material through a process known as
bacterial conjugation. In one experiment, resistance to tetracycline (a commonly used antibiotic) was studied in Escherichia
coli by introducing a tetracycline-resistant bacterium to a tetracycline-sensitive strain. The resistant bacterium’s genome
contained a protein called an “e ux pump”, a polypeptide that localizes to the cell membrane and expels certain small
molecules from the cell.
Using uorescent marking, researchers observed the DNA encoding one speci c e ux pump in between a resistant
bacterium and a sensitive bacterium. With live-cell microscopy, they tracked the uorescence to see how the DNA migrated
from one cell to another and how it was incorporated and expressed in the recipient bacterium.
(Fonte: Sophie Nolivos e outros, Science, Washington, v. 364, n. 6442, p. 778-782, maio 2019.)
A A fusão transmembrana do genoma que confere resistência antibiótica é facilitada pela presença da tetraciclina.
B A proteína envolvida na resistência antibiótica à tetraciclina é transferida diretamente por conjugação bacteriana.
D O DNA codi cador da proteína que confere resistência antibiótica à tetraciclina é transferido por conjugação
bacteriana.
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Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which atomic nuclei merge to form the nucleus of a new atom. The mass of the new atom’s
nucleus is lower than the sum of the merging nuclei’s masses, a di erence that is released as energy. This is, for instance, the
reaction that occurs in the Sun. The energy released during fusion can be calculated by the equation E = Δmc², where Δm is
the di erence between the initial and nal masses in the reaction, and c is the speed of light. When calculating the
aforementioned energy, nucleus mass can be conveniently quanti ed using the atomic mass unit (u), which is roughly
equivalent to 900 MeV (1 u → 900 MeV). Consider the hypothetical nuclear fusion reaction ²²²X + ⁴Y → ²²¹Z. Note that the
masses of ²²²X, ⁴Y, and ²²¹Z are 222 u, 4 u, and 221 u, respectively. The amount of energy released in this reaction is
A 5 MeV.
B 450 MeV.
C 900 MeV.
D 4500 MeV.
Questão 21 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
A peça publicitária
A questiona se aquele seria o melhor momento para os pais estarem cientes das ameaças fascistas combatidas pelo
Macarthismo. Essa política alterou a vida em instituiço ̃e s de ensino norte-americanas, proibindo a divulgação de
temas ligados à Guerra Fria e às ameaças nucleares, de acordo com as diretrizes do Comitê de Atividades
Antiamericanas.
B defende a “injeção ” vermelha e comunista nas escolas durante o Macarthismo. Essa política, implementada nos
Estados Unidos de 1950 a 1957, e inserida no contexto da Guerra Fria, é caracterizada por uma acentuada
repressão ao comunismo, com a participação direta do FBI.
C denuncia a ameaça da “injeção ” vermelha e comunista nas escolas na Era McCarthy. Essa política foi marcada
pela instauração de investigaço ̃e s pelo governo e por indústrias privadas norte-americanas contra funcionários
públicos e da indústria do entretenimento acusados de serem liberais.
D defende que já passou da hora de os pais estarem cientes da ameaça comunista combatida pelo Macarthismo.
Essa política, instaurada no contexto da Guerra Fria, foi marcada por violaço ̃e s dos direitos individuais e
instauração de inquéritos por parte do Comitê de Atividades Antiamericanas.
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A few years ago, at a seminar meant to help college presidents think about the issues they face as campus leaders, I read
John Milton's Areopagitica: A speech for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the parliament of England. Originally published in
1644, Areopagitica makes a powerful argument for freedom of speech and against censorship in publishing. After twenty
years as a college president, having experienced and observed many calls to censor, I've come to believe that there is not
much to know on the topic beyond what Milton wrote over 350 years ago. Areopagitica was published in response “to
Parliament's ordinance for licensing the press of June 14, 1643.” The e ect of the ordinance against which Milton wrote “was
to give Archbishop Laud, who was also Chancellor of the University of Oxford, control over every press in England, with
power to stop publication of any book contrary to the Doctrine of the Church of England.” This was disturbing to Milton,
who wrote, “as good almost kill a man as kill a good book: [he] who kills a man kills a reasonable creature; but he who
destroys a good book, kills reason itself.”
A divergência, pois o autor julga que as ideias de Milton sobre liberdade de expressão parecem ultrapassadas em
relação ao que ocorre hoje nas universidades.
B divergência, pois diferentemente de Milton, o autor critica o fato de haver, nas universidades inglesas, apelos para
que a censura seja exercida no campus.
C concordância, pois o autor apoia a mesma linha de pensamento de Milton quanto às críticas ao controle da
liberdade de imprensa.
D concordância, pois o autor alinha-se a Milton quanto à ideia de que destruir um bom livro é o mesmo que destruir
uma criatura racional.
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Questão 23 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
To me, science is one way of connecting with the mystery of existence. And if you think of it that way, the mystery of
existence is something that we have wondered about ever since people began asking questions about who we are and
where we come from. So while those questions are now part of scienti c research, they are much, much older than science.
I’m talking about science as part of a much grander and older sort of questioning about who we are in the big picture of the
universe. To me, as a theoretical physicist and also someone who spends time out in the mountains, this sort of questioning
o ers a deeply spiritual connection with the world, through my mind and through my body. Einstein would have said the
same thing, I think, with his cosmic religious feeling.
A “O bom da ciência é que ela é verdadeira, quer se acredite nela ou não .” (Neil deGrasse Tyson)
D “Ciência não é apenas compatível com espiritualidade; é uma profunda fonte de espiritualidade.” (Carl Sagan)
Questão 24 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
Cognatos e f alsos cognatos
A Associação Canadense de Saúde Mental é uma organização sem ns lucrativos que combate o estigma sobre a saúde
mental, promovendo aço ̃e s em favor de pessoas que sofrem com doenças dessa natureza. O cartaz abaixo, direcionado à
população em geral, foi publicado no site dessa associação .
B encorajar empresários a oferecer melhores condiço ̃e s de emprego a pessoas com doenças mentais.
C estimular o combate aos estereótipos que atingem pessoas com doenças mentais.
Questão 25 Vocabulário Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
When 24-year-old fashion blogger Scarlett Dixon posted a picture of herself having breakfast, the internet turned nasty. “The
best of days start with a smile and positive thoughts. And pancakes. And strawberries”, Dixon wrote on her Instagram feed.
The post was reposted on Twitter. “Instagram is a ridiculous lie factory made to make us all feel inadequate”, wrote Nathan
from Cardi . His post, which has garnered more than 111,000 likes (22 times as many as Dixon’s original) and almost 25,000
retweets, prompted a wave of criticism, with comments going like “Fakelife!”.
Instagram looks like the friendliest social network imaginable. But, for a growing number of users – and mental health experts
– the very positivity of Instagram is precisely the problem. The site encourages its users to present an upbeat, attractive
image that others may nd at best misleading and at worse harmful. Instagram makes you worry that everyone is perfect –
except you.
B ao Instagram, por propiciar postagens que veiculam uma autoimagem irreal das pessoas.
C ao post de Scarlett Dixon, por gerar uma onda de comentários negativos em outras mídias sociais.
D à exposição excessiva da vida íntima das pessoas no Instagram e em outras mídias sociais.
Questão 26 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
O site “Urban Dictionary” apresenta de niço ̃e s de palavras e expressõe s que, apesar de serem usadas popularmente, ainda
não foram o cialmente dicionarizadas. O exemplo abaixo faz alusão ao Brexit, isto é, à saída do Reino Unido da União
Europeia.
Com relação ao exemplo apresentado, entende-se que Taylor estava “fazendo o Brexit” porque
A se despediu, mas demorou a ir embora da festa.
D saiu “à francesa” da festa, isto é, saiu depois de muito tempo.
Questão 27 Vocabulário Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
A tirinha apresentada
Questão 28 Vocabulário Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa
Números cardinais e ordinais
There are approximately 70 million pet dogs and 74 million pet cats in the U.S., a country where 20 men and women are
assaulted per minute. In one survey, 71 percent of domestic violence victims reported that their abuser also targeted pets. In
one study of families under investigation for suspected child abuse, researchers found that pet abuse had occurred in
88 percent of these families.
Questão 29 Vocabulário
The modern F=ma form of Newton's second law occurs nowhere in any edition of the Principia even though he had seen his
second law formulated in this way in print during the interval between the second and third editions in Jacob Hermann's
Phoronomia of 1716. Instead, it has the following formulation in all three editions: A change in (1) ________ is proportional to
the motive (2) ________ impressed and takes place along the (3) _________ line in which that force is (4)________. In the
body of the Principia this law is applied both to (5) _______ cases, in which an instantaneous impulse such as from impact is
e ecting the change in motion, and to cases of (6) _______ action, such as the change in motion in the continuous
deceleration of a body moving in a resisting medium. Newton thus appears to have intended his second law to be neutral
between discrete forces (that is, what we now call impulses) and continuous forces.
(Adaptado de George Smith, "Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica", em Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2008 Edition). Disponível em
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2008/entries/newton-principia/. Acessado em 24/10/2017.)
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência adequada de palavras que preenchem as lacunas do texto acima, para que
os conceitos utilizados estejam corretos.
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Coral reefs are colorful underwater forests which teem with life and act as a natural protective barrier for coastal regions.
The shes and plants which call them home belong to some of the most diverse ― and fragile ― ecosystems on the planet.
Higher sea temperatures from global warming have already caused major coral bleaching events. Bleaching occurs when
corals respond to the stress of warmer temperatures by expelling the colorful algae that live within them. Increased levels of
atmospheric carbon dioxide result in higher levels of CO₂ in the water, leading to ocean acidi cation, which is also a threat to
coral. As the oceans become more acidic, the corals' ability to form skeletons through calci cation is inhibited, causing their
growth to slow. Increasing sea levels caused by melting sea ice could also cause problems for some reefs by making them
too deep to receive adequate sunlight, another factor important for survival.
Os recifes de corais estão seriamente ameaçados pela combinação dos seguintes fatores:
A branqueamento das esponjas calcáreas pela exalação de suas algas simbiontes; acidificação marinha em virtude
da elevação do nível do mar; e menor taxa fotossintética pelo aumento do CO₂ nos oceanos.
B bloqueio das conchas dos cnidários pela expulsão de suas algas parasíticas; acidificação marinha em virtude dos
maiores níveis de CO₂ no ar; e maior incidência de luz solar por causa do degelo das calotas polares.
C branqueamento dos pólipos de cnidários pela expulsão de suas algas simbiontes; acidificação marinha em virtude
dos maiores níveis de CO₂ no ar; e menor taxa fotossintética em razão dos níveis oceânicos elevados.
D bloqueio das esponjas calcáreas pela aquisição de algas comensalistas; acidificação marinha em virtude dos
maiores níveis de CO₂ no ar; e maior incidência de luz solar por causa do degelo das calotas polares
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Questão 31 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
T écnicas de leitura em Inglês
Comedian Janey Godley's tweets of a couple's train-bound row raise questions of how to protect our privacy in public
places.
If the troubles of the two travellers had made it on to a newspaper rst rather than a comedian's Twitter feed, would we be
so relaxed about loss of privacy? I think perhaps not.
Social media has done so much for freedom of expression, it would be cruel if it actually leads to less social freedom for fear
of having our every misstep, angry word or misbehaviour broadcast there for all to see.
(Adaptado de David Banks, Should Twitter entertain millions with public rows? The Guardian, 13/07/2012. Disponível em
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/13/twittermillions-public-rows. Acessado em 10/07/2017.)
A critica a perda da liberdade de expressão provocada pelo abuso nas mídias sociais por certos usuários.
B aponta um dilema ético suscitado pelo uso das mídias sociais, envolvendo dois tipos de liberdade.
C diz que a invasão de privacidade por parte de jornais é mais aceita do que aquela praticada pelo Twitter.
D argumenta que a liberdade dos cidadãos é um valor mais importante do que o direito à privacidade.
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Questão 32 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
T écnicas de leitura em Inglês
Olaudah Equiano (1745 –1797) foi um escritor abolicionista africano do século XVIII que viveu na pele os horrores da
escravidão nas Américas. Leia o trecho abaixo, retirado da sua autobiografia.
Hitherto I had thought only slavery dreadful; but the state of a free negro appeared to me now equally so at least, and in
some respects even worse, for they live in constant alarm for their liberty; and even this is but nominal, for they are universally
insulted and plundered without the possibility of redress; for such is the equity of the West Indian laws, that no free negro's
evidence will be admitted in their courts of justice. In this situation is it surprising that slaves, when fairly treated, should prefer
even the misery of slavery to such a mockery of freedom?
(Adaptado de Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African.
Peterborough, Canada: Broadview Press, 2001, p. 250.)
B os ex-escravos eram, em princípio, protegidos pelas leis das Índias Ocidentais Britânicas, que previam tratamento
igualitário aos cidadãos livres.
C os escravos libertos dispunham de uma falsa liberdade, pois não gozavam dos mesmos direitos nos tribunais que
os cidadãos nascidos livres.
D muitos ex-escravos preferiam voltar à antiga condição, mesmo sob patrões severos, levando em conta a maneira
como viviam depois de libertos.
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Questão 33 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
The colour of the dots represents the relative intensity of therapeutic area research within a speci c country across each
row. The size of the dots represents the relative proportions of research across di erent countries within a speci c
therapeutic area in each column.
(Adaptado de Ajay Gautam, Lily Li e Kumar Srinivasan, Market watch: Therapeutic area ‘heat map’ for emerging markets.
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 14, p. 518, jul. 2015.)
B a China é o país com o menor mercado potencial para tratamentos médicos, apesar de ser populosa.
C Índia e África do Sul dão importância semelhante às pesquisas sobre doenças infecciosas.
ZOMBIE NEUROSCIENCE
I don’t know if cockroaches dream, but I imagine if they do, jewel wasps feature prominently in their nightmares. These small,
solitary tropical wasps are of little concern to us humans; after all, they don’t manipulate our minds so that they can serve us
up as willing, living meals to their newborns, as they do to unsuspecting cockroaches. The story is simple, if grotesque: the
female wasp controls the minds of the cockroaches she feeds to her o spring, taking away their sense of fear or will to
escape their fate. What turns a once healthy cockroach into a mindless zombie it’s venom. Not just any venom, either: a
specific venom that acts like a drug, targeting the cockroach's brain.
(Adaptado de Christie Wilcox, Zombie Neuroscience. Scientific American, New York, v. 315, n. 2, p. 70–73, 2016.)
C vespas fêmeas de uma certa espécie podem controlar a mente das baratas.
D uma barata pode inocular um veneno que transforma uma outra barata em um zumbi.
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Questão 35 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
Os pan etos acima foram distribuídos na entrada de uma assembleia de estudantes universitários, reunidos para discutir um
pedido de reforma nos banheiros do campus. Assinale a opção correta.
A O panfleto (A) defende, de maneira irônica, a criação de mais banheiros públicos unissex.
B O panfleto (B) recomenda bater na porta ou avisar verbalmente antes de entrar em um banheiro unissex.
C O panfleto (A) critica pessoas que se preocupam excessivamente com questões de assédio sexual.
D O panfleto (B) argumenta a favor de banheiros unissex ao expor um dilema de pessoas transgênero.
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Elderly flight passenger throws coins into engine for ‘luck’, delays take-off for hours
China Southern Airlines Flight 380 was held up at the Shanghai Pudong International Airport after an elderly woman
passenger caused a disruption, according to the airline’s o cial WeChat account. An investigation into the incident is under
way.
Passengers boarding the ight reportedly saw an elderly woman throwing coins at the engine for “blessings” from the middle
of the boarding staircase and alerted the crew. Ground sta said the woman, who appeared to be about 80 and had limited
mobility, was accompanied by her husband, daughter and son-in-law.
The captain was quoted as saying the metal, if sucked up by the engine, could have caused serious damage, including failure.
The ight was later given a green light and took o at 5.52pm, more than ve hours late. It is scheduled to arrive in
Guangzhou at 8.14pm.
(Adaptado de Sarah Zheng, Elderly ight passenger throws coins into engine for ‘luck’, delays take-o for hours. South China
Morning Post, 27/06/2017. Disponível em http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2100242/elderly ight-
passenger-throws-coins-engine-luck-delays-take. Acessado em 10/07/2017.)
A Por causa do incidente, o avião chegou a seu destino com cinco horas de atraso, às 17h52.
B Segundo o piloto, moedas atiradas na turbina do avião causaram sérios danos à aeronave.
C Uma idosa chinesa, seu marido, sua filha e seu genro quase provocaram um acidente aéreo.
(Adaptado de 16 Traduções hilárias de placas e avisos em inglês feitos para a copa. Mega Curioso, 07/06/2014. Disponível
em http://www.megacurioso.com.br/copa-do-mundo-2014/44531-16- traducoes-hilarias-de-placas-e-avisos-em-ingles-
feitos-para-acopa.htm. Acessado em 10/07/2017.)
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We often think that the best information from the Roman world comes from Egypt, where the dryness preserves papyri.
However, in Britain the reverse conditions occur. At Vindolanda – a Roman fort located two miles behind Hadrian’s Wall –
the humidity preserved wooden writing tablets that were thrown into a bonfire when the fort was evacuated in CE 105.
These wooden tablets were one of the most important discoveries made in Roman Britain in the 20th century. They were
used not for grand writings but for memoranda and accounts, so they provide the best insight into life in the Roman army
found anywhere in the world. One of the tablets says:
Octavius to Candidus: “I need money. I have bought 5,000 bushels of grain, and unless you send me some money, I shall
lose my deposit and be embarrassed”.
A são papiros preservados pelo clima seco da região em que foram encontrados.
D são registros em madeira, com informações preciosas sobre a vida no exército romano.
Questão 39 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
Relative clauses
(Disponível em http://neahealthyfutures.org/the-importance-of-teen-pregnancyprevention/. Acessado em 04/09/2016.)
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September 9, 2014
Harry Potter is the best selling book series of all time. But it’s had its reproaches. Various Christian groups claimed the books
promoted paganism and witchcraft to children. Washington Post book critic Ron Charles called the fact that adults were also
hooked on Potter a "bad case of cultural infantilism.” Charles and others also cited a certain artistic banality in massively
commercial story-telling, while others criticized Hogwarts, the wizardry academy attended by Potter, for only rewarding
innate talents.
The Anglo-American writer Christopher Hitchens, on the other hand, praised J. K. Rowling for freeing English children’s
literature from dreams of riches and class and snobbery and giving us a world of youthful democracy and diversity. A growing
body of evidence suggests that reading Rowling’s work, at least as a youth, might be a good thing.
C A abordagem educacional de Hogwarts recompensa as habilidades desenvolvidas por meio do esforço pessoal.
D Para os personagens da série Harry Potter, o sonho de ascendência social e poder financeiro é pouco relevante.
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Universities these days are working hard to improve their sustainability credentials, with e orts that include wind power,
organic food and competitions to save energy. They are also adding courses related to sustainability and energy. But which
university is the greenest?
Several ranking systems have emerged to o er their take. The Princeton Review recently came out with its second annual
green ratings. Fifteen colleges earned the highest possible score — including Harvard, Yale and the University of California,
Berkeley.
Another group, the Sustainable Endowment Institute’s GreenReportCard.org, rates colleges on several di erent areas of
green compliance, such as recycling, student involvement and green building. Its top grade for overall excellence, an A-, was
earned by 15 schools.
D participar de uma competição que define os campi com maior área verde.
Questão 42 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos Adjetivos
(Disponível em http://www.collegehumor.com/post/6833315/the-small-talkthermometer. Acessado em 21/08/2016.)
Considerando o nome da gura - “The Small Talk Thermometer” -, pode-se depreender que a expressão “small talk” se
refere a
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By Haruki Murakami
Most people – most of us who are part of Japanese society – graduate from school, then nd work, then, after some time
has passed, get married. Even I originally intended to follow that pattern. Yet in reality I married, then started working, then
finally managed to graduate. In other words, the order I chose was the exact opposite to what was considered normal.
Since I hated the idea of working for a company, I decided to open my own establishment, a place where people could go
to listen to jazz records, have a co ee, eat snacks and drink. It was a simple, rather happy-go-lucky kind of idea: running a
business like that would let me relax listening to my favorite music from morning till night.
(Adaptado de H. Murakami, Wind and Pimbal – Two Novels. Tradução do japonês para o inglês de Ted Goossen. London:
Penguin Random House, 2015, p.5.)
O autor do texto
A fez o que era normal para os jovens japoneses na época, abrindo uma loja de discos.
B fez o que era normal para os jovens japoneses, mas em uma ordem totalmente diferente.
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Questão 44 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
Future T enses
(Disponível em http://www.hagardunor.net/.)
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Texting – or checking social media or reading/responding to mail or reading the news or checking the weather or watching
a video – while walking is a pretty common phenomenon. It’s so common that most people who own a mobile device have
become texting walkers.
Research suggests that these texters adopt protective measures to minimize the risk of accidents when walking. They’re less
likely to trip because they shorten their step length, reduce step frequency, lengthen the time during which both feet are in
contact with the ground, and increase obstacle clearance height. Taken together this creates an exaggerated image of
walking, but it apparently slows the walker enough so that he registers some of what is happening around him and can
compensate for it.
(Adaptado de http://blogs.scienti camerican.com/anthropology-inpractice/we-ve-modi ed-our-behavior-so-we-can-text-
and-walk/.)
Que mudanças no comportamento dessas pessoas são decorrentes da adaptação à tecnologia apresentada no texto?
A Elas diminuem a extensão e a frequência dos passos, aumentando o tempo em que os dois pés ficam em contato
com o chão; calculam melhor a altura dos obstáculos no percurso.
B Elas aumentam a extensão dos passos e diminuem sua frequência, para que os dois pés fiquem mais tempo em
contato com o chão.
C Antes de iniciar a caminhada, elas registram, no celular, a extensão do trajeto, a frequência dos passos e o tempo
em que os dois pés ficam em contato com o chão.
D Antes de iniciar a caminhada, elas registram, no celular, a extensão e a altura dos obstáculos do percurso, a
frequência dos passos e o tempo em que os dois pés ficam em contato com o chão.
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Texting – or checking social media or reading/responding to mail or reading the news or checking the weather or watching
a video – while walking is a pretty common phenomenon. It’s so common that most people who own a mobile device have
become texting walkers.
Research suggests that these texters adopt protective measures to minimize the risk of accidents when walking. They’re less
likely to trip because they shorten their step length, reduce step frequency, lengthen the time during which both feet are in
contact with the ground, and increase obstacle clearance height. Taken together this creates an exaggerated image of
walking, but it apparently slows the walker enough so that he registers some of what is happening around him and can
compensate for it.
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Bonobos eat a lot of fruit, and fruit contains seeds. Those seeds travel through a bonobo’s digestive system while bonobo
itself travels around the forest. A few hours later, the seeds end up being deposited far from where the fruits were plucked.
And that is where the new trees come from.
According to a paper recently published, if the bonobos disappeared, the plants would also likely go extinct, for many trees
and plants species in Congo rely almost exclusively on bonobos for seed dispersal. The bonobo has two major functions
here. First of all, many seeds will not germinate well unless they have been “handled” by another species. Stomach acids and
intestinal processes make the seed more able to absorb water and later sprout.
Secondly, many seeds will not succeed if they remain too close to their parental trees. The seeds that fell to the ground near
their parents did not survive because they were choked o by the nearby plants. The bonobos eat about 3,5 hours every day
and travel a mean of 1.2 kilometers from meal sites before defecating.
(Adaptado de http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/if-apes-go-extinct-so-could-entire-forests/.)
A Os bonobos se alimentam de plantas e suas fezes ajudam a adubar florestas. Como andam grandes distâncias,
espalham esse adubo pela floresta.
B Os bonobos vivem em árvores e suas fezes, que contêm fungicidas naturais, protegem as árvores dos fungos.
Como andam grandes distâncias, podem proteger florestas inteiras.
C Os bonobos se alimentam de frutas com sementes. Seu sistema digestivo prepara as sementes para a
germinação. Como andam grandes distâncias, suas fezes ajudam a espalhar as sementes pela floresta.
D Os bonobos vivem em árvores e se alimentam de folhas, que se transformam em fungicidas naturais aos serem
digeridas. Quando liberados pelas fezes, esses fungicidas protegem as florestas.
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Advice for new students from those who know (old students)
The rst day of college I was a ball of nerves. I remember walking into my rst class and running to the rst seat I found,
thinking everyone would be staring at me. But nobody seemed to notice and then it hit me: The fact that nobody knew me
meant nobody would judge, which, upon re ection, was what I was scared of the most. I told myself to let go. All along the
year, I forced myself into situations that were uncomfortable for me – for example, auditioning for a dance piece. Believe it
or not, that performance was a highlight of my freshman year. My advice: challenge yourself to try something new,
something you couldn’t have done in high school. – Ria Jagasia, Vanderbilt University, ’18.
D abandonar o curso.
The rst day of college I was a ball of nerves. I remember walking into my rst class and running to the rst seat I found,
thinking everyone would be staring at me. But nobody seemed to notice and then it hit me: The fact that nobody knew me
meant nobody would judge, which, upon re ection, was what I was scared of the most. I told myself to let go. All along the
year, I forced myself into situations that were uncomfortable for me – for example, auditioning for a dance piece. Believe it
or not, that performance was a highlight of my freshman year. My advice: challenge yourself to try something new,
something you couldn’t have done in high school. – Ria Jagasia, Vanderbilt University, ’18.
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Questão 50 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
O texto anuncia um
A curso on-line e presencial que oferece uma metodologia para ajudar a definir quais alimentos deverão ser
consumidos no futuro.
B curso on-line que oferece uma metodologia para minimizar riscos no consumo de alimentos no futuro.
C curso on-line e presencial que oferece uma metodologia para construção de cenários futuros sobre consumo de
alimentos.
D curso presencial que oferece uma metodologia para ajudar as pessoas a comerem melhor no futuro.
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Questão 51 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
(Fonte: http://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes/2015/08/08.)
"If you believe in freedom of speech, you believe in freedom of speech for views you don’t like. Goebbels was in favor of
freedom of speech for views he liked. So was Stalin. If you’re in favor of freedom of speech, that means you’re in favor of
freedom of speech precisely for views you despise."
(Noam Chomsky)
(Fonte: http://noam-chomsky.tumblr.com/post/7223808896/if-youbelieve-in-freedom-of-speech-you-believe.)
O autor do texto
Questão 53 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
A tira tematiza a contribuição da atividade humana para a deterioração do meio ambiente. Do diálogo apresentado, pode-se
depreender que os ursos já sabiam
(Fonte: http://www.caglecartoons.com/viewimage.asp?ID={15E52E8D3CE2-4DF6-B331-D109F2DD2BBC}.)
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Questão 54 Vocabulário Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
Qual das técnicas descritas no infográfico acima foi utilizada por Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) em seus experimentos?
A (1).
B (2).
C (3).
D (4).
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Earthquakes
Some 80 percent of all the planet's earthquakes occur along the rim of the Paci c Ocean, called the "Ring of Fire" because
of the preponderance of volcanic activity there. Most earthquakes occur at fault zones, where tectonic plates – giant rock
slabs that make up the Earth's upper layer – collide or slide against each other. These impacts are usually gradual and
unnoticeable on the surface; however, immense stress can build up between plates. When this stress is released quickly, it
sends massive vibrations, called seismic waves, often hundreds of miles through the rock and up to the surface.
A maremotos ocorrem quando a energia acumulada entre placas tectônicas é liberada de modo abrupto, vindo,
então, rapidamente à superfície.
B terremotos podem ser imperceptíveis na superfície, ainda que tenha havido, de fato, colisão ou deslizamento de
placas tectônicas.
C maremotos, também denominados ondas sísmicas, ocorrem quando placas tectônicas colidem ou deslizam.
D terremotos são mais frequentes na zona costeira do Oceano Pacífico devido à baixa incidência de atividades
vulcânicas na região.
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Questão 56 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos Pronomes
C o gasto de dinheiro público para financiar projetos que poluem o meio ambiente.
Feline Intelligence
Dog and cat lovers seem to relish unending debates over which animal is "smarter." Dog owners often cap their arguments
with the fact that dogs have the ability to perform tricks, while cat people counter with the claim that their pets are too
intelligent to perform on command. In truth, such methods of pet comparison are useless animal-world versions of mixing
apples and oranges. Dogs are motivated by a strong need to follow and please their masters in order to receive praise. The
solitary cat answers to no one; nevertheless, if trainability may not be the feline's forte, cleverness and adaptability certainly
are.
Segundo o texto,
A comparar a inteligência de animais tão diferentes como cães e gatos não faz nenhum sentido.
B os cachorros são mais inteligentes que os gatos porque conseguem cumprir ordens de seus donos.
C donos de gatos reclamam que seus animais de estimação não obedecem às suas ordens.
Tyrannosaurus rex
Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest meateating dinosaurs that ever lived. Fossil evidence shows that T. rex was about
12 meters long and about 4.6 to 6 meters tall. Its robust thighs and long, powerful tail helped it move quickly.
T. rex's serrated, conical teeth were used to pierce and grip esh, which it then ripped away with its strong neck muscles. Its
two-fingered forearms could probably seize prey, but they were too short to reach its mouth.
Segundo o texto,
A fósseis comprovam que um Tyrannosaurus rex podia alcançar doze metros de altura.
B apesar de seus braços curtos, um Tyrannosaurus rex era capaz de levar uma presa a sua boca.
Questão 59 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos
Future T enses
A imagem abaixo reproduz uma troca de mensagens eletrônicas entre uma mãe e seu filho.
A a mãe ficou satisfeita com a resposta dada pelo filho à pergunta que ela lhe fez.
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Questão 60 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos Adjetivos
O texto reproduzido no poster acima corresponde a um verso de uma canção escrita por John Lennon e gravada pela
banda The Beatles em 1967. Da leitura desse verso se depreende que viver só é fácil para pessoas
A alienadas.
B inteligentes.
C lúcidas.
D insanas.
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Questão 61 Imagens gráf icos e outras tipologias textuais de língua inglesa Interpretação de textos Verbos
C ainda não consigam gerenciar suas relações sociais nas redes virtuais de relacionamento.
INCOME TAXES
A considera tão difícil o processo de criação da fórmula E=mc² quanto calcular o imposto de renda.
C prefere realizar tarefas que lhe cabem como cidadão às atividades que realiza como físico.
D qualifica como mais fácil calcular o imposto de renda do que o processo de criação da fórmula E=mc².
Respostas:
1 A 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 D 7 D 8 C 9 C 10 D 11 B
12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 B 17 D 18 D 19 D 20 C 21 D 22 C
23 B 24 A 25 D 26 D 27 A 28 C 29 B 30 C 31 C 32 C 33 D
34 D 35 B 36 D 37 C 38 D 39 B 40 A 41 B 42 C 43 A 44 B
45 C 46 A 47 B 48 C 49 B 50 D 51 C 52 A 53 B 54 D 55 A
56 C 57 C 58 A 59 D 60 B