Multiple Integration
NAMAN GOYAL
Zakir Husain Delhi College
August 5, 2021
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 1 / 18
HELLO EVERYONE! GREETING TO YOU ALL!
THIS IS A PRESENTATION BASED ON DOUBLE INTEGRAL
IN WHICH WE WILL STUDY ABOUT HOW TO OPERATE
DOUBLE INTEGRAL OVER RECTANGULAR AND
NON-RECTANGULAR REGIONS AND SOLVE THEM TO FIND
OUT VOLUME,etc.
HOPE U ALL WILL LEARN SOMETHING NEW FROM IT AND
WILL ENJOY ALSO.
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 2 / 18
Contents
1 Double Integration over Rectangular Regions
Definition of the double integral
Properties of double integrals
Volume interpretation
Iterarted Integration
Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
2 Double Integration over Nonrectangular Regions
Double Integrals over Type I and Type II Regions
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 3 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions
SO LET US START WITH DOUBLE INTEGRAL OVER
RECTANGULAR REGIONS. WE WILL FIRST DEFINE DOUBLE
INTEGRAL AND ITS PROPERTIES THEN ITS USES WITH THE
HELP OF EXAMPLES.
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 4 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Definition of the double integral
Definition
Definition
If f is defined on a closed, bounded rectangular region R in the
xy-plane, then the double integral of f over R is defined by
ZZ N
X
f (x, y) dA = lim f (x∗k , yk∗ ) 4Ak
||P ||→0
R k=1
provided this limit exists, in which case, f is said to be integrable over R
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 5 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Properties of double integrals
Properties of double integrals
Property 1 : Linearity rule
For constants a and b,
ZZ ZZ ZZ
[af (x, y) + bg(x, y)]dA = a f (x, y)dA + b g(x, y)dA
R R R
Property 2 : Dominance rule
If f(x,y) ≥ g(x, y) throughout a rectangular region R , then
ZZ ZZ
f (x, y) dA ≥ g(x, y) dA
R R
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 6 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Properties of double integrals
Property 3 : Subdivision rule
If the rectangular region R is subdivided into two subrectangles R1
and R2 , then
ZZ ZZ ZZ
f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dA + f (x, y) dA
R R1 R2
Note
Assume that all the given integrals exist on a rectangular
region R .
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 7 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Volume interpretation
Volume interpretation
Rb
If g(x) ≥ 0 on the interval a g(x) dx can be RR
interpreted as area under
curve y= g(x) over[a,b]. the double integral f (x, y) dA has a similar
R
interpretetion in terms of volume.
The Riemann sum
N
X
lim f (x∗k , yk∗ ) 4Ak
||P ||→0
k=1
provides an estimate ofthe total volume under the surface z = f(x,y)
over R where f is continuous and therefore
N
X ZZ
V = lim f (x∗k , yk∗ ) 4Ak = f (x, y) dA
||P ||→0
k=1 R
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 8 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Volume interpretation
volume interpretation , figure for example 1
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 9 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Volume interpretation
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 10 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Volume interpretation
*
Example 1
RR
Evaluate (2 − y) dA , where R is the rectangle in the xy-plane with
R
vertices (0,0)(3,0)(3,2)(0,2).
*
Solution
The solid is shown in above figure. The value of the double integral is
same as the volume of the solid bounded above by the plane z = 2 − y
and below by the rectangle R.Looking at its endwise it has a triangular
cross section of area T and has length (h=3). We use the formula V =
Th. The triangle has side and altitude each equals to 2, therefore
1
V = Th = (2)(2) (3) = 6
2
*
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 10 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Volume interpretation
*
Example 1
RR
Evaluate (2 − y) dA , where R is the rectangle in the xy-plane with
R
vertices (0,0)(3,0)(3,2)(0,2).
*
Solution
The solid is shown in above figure. The value of the double integral is
same as the volume of the solid bounded above by the plane z = 2 − y
and below by the rectangle R.Looking at its endwise it has a triangular
cross section of area T and has length (h=3). We use the formula V =
Th. The triangle has side and altitude each equals to 2, therefore
1
V = Th = (2)(2) (3) = 6
2
*Thus the value of integral is also 6 i.e. *
ZZ
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Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Iterarted Integration
*
*
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 11 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Iterarted Integration
Iterarted Integration
Suppose f (x, y) is continuous over the rectangle R : a ≤ x ≤ b, c ≤ y
Rd
≤ d. Then we write G(x) = c f (x, y) dy ,which we further integrate
over the interval [a,b] to obtain the iterated integral. First integrate
with respect to y first,keeping x constant, and then integrate with
respect to x. *
Z b Z b Z d
G(x) dx = f (x, y) dy dx
a a c
Similarly, if we integrate f (x, y) with respect to x over [a,b] holding y
constant, and then with respect to y over [c,d] , we obtain the
*iterated integral. *
Z d Z b
f (x, y) dx dy
c a
*
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 11 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
*
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 12 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
If f (x, y) is continuous over the rectangle R : a ≤ x ≤ b, c ≤ y ≤ d,
then the double integral
ZZ
f (x, y) dA
R
may be evaluated by either iterarted integral ; that is,
ZZ Z b Z d Z d Z b
f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dy dx = f (x, y) dx dy
a c c a
R
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 12 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 13 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
Example 2
RR 2 5
Evaluate x y dA, where R is the rectangle 1 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1,
R
using an iterated integral with
*a. y-integration first b. x-integration first
** *
* *
*
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Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 14 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
Solution
(a.) The graph of surface f = x2 y 5 is shown in above figure and also
the rectangular region.
ZZ Z 2 Z 1
2 5 2 5
I= x y dA = x y dy dx
1 0
R
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 14 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
Solution
(a.) The graph of surface f = x2 y 5 is shown in above figure and also
the rectangular region.
ZZ Z 2 Z 1
2 5 2 5
I= x y dA = x y dy dx
1 0
R
Z 2 6
2y
I= x |10 dx
1 6
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 14 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
Solution
(a.) The graph of surface f = x2 y 5 is shown in above figure and also
the rectangular region.
ZZ Z 2 Z 1
2 5 2 5
I= x y dA = x y dy dx
1 0
R
Z 2 6
2y
I= x |10 dx
1 6
Z 2
1 0
I= x2 − dx
1 6 6
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 14 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
Solution
(a.) The graph of surface f = x2 y 5 is shown in above figure and also
the rectangular region.
ZZ Z 2 Z 1
2 5 2 5
I= x y dA = x y dy dx
1 0
R
Z 2 6
2y
I= x |10 dx
1 6
Z 2
1 0
I= x2 − dx
1 6 6
x3 2 8 1
I= |1 = −
18 18 18
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 14 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
Solution
(a.) The graph of surface f = x2 y 5 is shown in above figure and also
the rectangular region.
ZZ Z 2 Z 1
2 5 2 5
I= x y dA = x y dy dx
1 0
R
Z 2 6
2y
I= x |10 dx
1 6
Z 2
1 0
I= x2 − dx
1 6 6
x3 2 8 1
I= |1 = −
18 18 18
7
I=
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) 18
M.A. August 5, 2021 14 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 15 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
*(b.) By reversing the order of integration i.e. x-integration first. *
ZZ Z 1 Z 2
I= x2 y 5 dA = x2 y 5 dx dy
0 1
R
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 15 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
*(b.) By reversing the order of integration i.e. x-integration first. *
ZZ Z 1 Z 2
I= x2 y 5 dA = x2 y 5 dx dy
0 1
R
* Z 1 3
5x
I= y |21 dy
0 3
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 15 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
*(b.) By reversing the order of integration i.e. x-integration first. *
ZZ Z 1 Z 2
I= x2 y 5 dA = x2 y 5 dx dy
0 1
R
* Z 1 3
5x
I= y |21 dy
0 3
Z 1
5 8 1
I= y − dy
0 3 3
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 15 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
*(b.) By reversing the order of integration i.e. x-integration first. *
ZZ Z 1 Z 2
I= x2 y 5 dA = x2 y 5 dx dy
0 1
R
* Z 1 3
5x
I= y |21 dy
0 3
Z 1
5 8 1
I= y − dy
0 3 3
7y 6 1 7 0
I= |0 = −
18 18 18
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 15 / 18
Double Integration over Rectangular Regions Fubini’s theorem over a Rectangular region
*
*(b.) By reversing the order of integration i.e. x-integration first. *
ZZ Z 1 Z 2
I= x2 y 5 dA = x2 y 5 dx dy
0 1
R
* Z 1 3
5x
I= y |21 dy
0 3
Z 1
5 8 1
I= y − dy
0 3 3
7y 6 1 7 0
I= |0 = −
18 18 18
7
I=
18
SoNAMAN
we get the same answer on changing
GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A.
the order of the integration 15 / 18
August 5, 2021
Double Integration over Nonrectangular Regions
Double Integration over Nonrectangular Regions
Le z=f(x,y) is continuous on region D that can be contained in a
rectangle R (see fig.)
f (x, y) f or (x, y) in D
F (x, y) =
0 f or (x, y) in R, but not in D
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 16 / 18
Double Integration over Nonrectangular Regions
Double Integration over Nonrectangular Regions
Le z=f(x,y) is continuous on region D that can be contained in a
rectangle R (see fig.)
f (x, y) f or (x, y) in D
F (x, y) =
0 f or (x, y) in R, but not in D
Then, if F is integrable over R, we can say that f is integrable over D,
and the double integral of f over D is defined as
ZZ ZZ
f (x, y) dA = F (x, y) dA
D R
NAMAN GOYAL (ZHDC) M.A. August 5, 2021 16 / 18
Double Integration over Nonrectangular Regions Double Integrals over Type I and Type II Regions
Definition: Type I and Type II regions
A type I, or Vertically simple region, D, in the plane is a region that
can be described by the inequalities
typeI D1 : a ≤ x ≤ b, g1 (x) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x)
where g1 (x) and g2 (x) are continuous functions of x on [a,b].
A type II, or Horizontally simple region, D, in the plane is a region
that can be described by the inequalities *
typeII D2 : c ≤ y ≤ d, h1 (y) ≤ x ≤ h2 (y)
where h1 (y) and h2 (y) are continuous functions of y on [c,d].
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Double Integration over Nonrectangular Regions Double Integrals over Type I and Type II Regions
Diagram explaining type I and type II regions
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