Implementation of Stop and Wait
Protocol
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
FLOW CONTROL
Protocols
Noiseless Noisy
Channels Channels
Stop and Stop and Go Back N Selective
Simplest
Wait Wait ARQ ARQ Repeat ARQ
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 2
OUTCOMES
Upon the completion of this session, will be able to
• Understand the working of simple stop and wait protocol
• Understand the problems with simple stop and wait protocol
• Understand the working of simple stop and wait ARQ protocol
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 3
STOP – AND – WAIT PROTOCOL
• Stop – and - Wait protocol is data link layer protocol for
transmission of frames over noiseless channels.
• It provides unidirectional data transmission with flow control
facilities but without error control facilities.
• The idea of stop – and – wait protocol is straightforward.
• After transmitting one frame, the sender waits for an
acknowledgement before transmitting the next frame.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
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PRIMITIVES STOP – AND – WAIT PROTOCOL
Sender Side
Rule 1 : Send one data packet at a time.
Rule 2 : Send the next packet only after receiving ACK for the previous.
Receiver Side
Rule 1 : Receive and consume data packet.
Rule 2 : After consuming packet, ACK Needs to be sent (Flow Control)
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STOP – AND – WAIT PROTOCOL
Sender Receiver
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7/29/2021 6
PROBLEMS STOP – AND – WAIT PROTOCOL
1. Problems due to lost data
• Sender waits for ACK for an infinite amount of time.
• Receiver waits for data an infinite amount of time.
Sender Receiver
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 7
PROBLEMS STOP – AND – WAIT PROTOCOL
2. Problems due to lost ACK
• Sender waits for an infinite amount of time for ACK.
Sender Receiver
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 8
PROBLEMS STOP – AND – WAIT PROTOCOL
3. Problems due to delayed ACK/Data
• After timeout on sender side, a delayed ACK might be wrongly
considered as ACL of some other data packet.
Sender Receiver
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 9
STOP – AND – WAIT ARQ PROTOCOL
• The idea of stop – and – wait protocol is straightforward.
• After transmitting one frame, the sender waits for an
acknowledgement before transmitting the next frame.
• If the acknowledgement does not arrive after a certain period
of time, the sender times out and retransmit the original frame.
• Stop-and-Wait ARQ = Stop-and-Wait + Timeout Timer + Sequence Number
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 10
STOP – AND – WAIT ARQ PROTOCOL
1. The ACK is received before the timer expires
Sender Receiver
Timeout
Timeout
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 11
STOP – AND – WAIT ARQ PROTOCOL
2. The Original Frame is Lost
Sender Receiver
Timeout
Timeout
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 12
STOP – AND – WAIT ARQ PROTOCOL
3. The ASK is Lost
Sender Receiver
Timeout
Timeout
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 13
STOP – AND – WAIT ARQ PROTOCOL
4. The Timeout Fires Too Soon
Sender Receiver
Timeout
Timeout
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
7/29/2021 14
Thank You
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
