Republic of the Philippines

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

College of Architecture, Design,
and the Built Environment
Department of Architecture

ARCH 30163
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 4 - SPACE PLANNING 1

RESEARCH PAPER
PLATE NO. 2
“PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTIVE RE-USE OF TAGAYTAY
PEOPLE'S PARK IN THE SKY”

Submitted by:
BADEL, JAMIE ROSE E.
PUNSALAN, LOREN G.
QUIÑONES, JULIA MARIA KENJI C.
SIOSON, MARY JASMINE DHEI M.
YLAGAN, AUBREY RUZAINE C.
BS ARCHITECTURE 2-1

Submitted to:
AR. MELBA ANDALECIO-PAUAL
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1

Tagaytay City: History and Background ................................................................................................ 3

People’s Park in the Sky: History and Background ............................................................................... 4

Palace in the Sky ..................................................................................................................................... 5

People’s Park in the Sky ......................................................................................................................... 5

The Shrine of the Lady, Mother of Fair and Love ................................................................................... 6

PAGASA Doppler Radar Station ............................................................................................................ 6

Architectural Character and Design Elements ....................................................................................... 7

The Mansion ........................................................................................................................................... 7

Design Elements to be Added ................................................................................................................... 8

Materials ............................................................................................................................................... 10

Site Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 11

Cultural and Man-Made Features .......................................................................................................... 11

Topography and Climatic Conditions ................................................................................................... 16

Sub-Surface Features ............................................................................................................................ 18

SWOT Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 22

Findings ................................................................................................................................................... 23

Problem Identification........................................................................................................................... 23

Proposed Solution ................................................................................................................................... 24

Justification ........................................................................................................................................... 24

References................................................................................................................................................ 25

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 INTRODUCTION

Buildings that are no longer in use, unless for display, are considered as waste land and resources.
If we simply allow things to age, they become a shadow of our culture rather than a story-telling component
of it. J. R. D. Tata said that “uncommon thinkers reuse what common thinkers refuse.” For private
developers striving to revitalize their aging urban centers they are renovating an existing building so that it
is ready for occupancy sooner rather than later. They are using adaptive reuse to inspire our future rather
than simply becoming a part of the past.

The adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is a technique that can help reduce the number of
abandoned or unused industrial buildings and/or prevent the demolition of cultural heritage assets by
introducing new programs and functions into a structure and contributing to the maintenance, rehabilitation,
development, and redevelopment of targeted areas within a community. While it avoids demolition and
reconstruction, adaptive heritage reuse is especially significant in urban developments since it provides
energy, and carbon emission reduction as well as social and environmental advantages. Aside from that,
economic advantages are also taken into account since more human resources and fewer building materials
are required, resulting in cheaper investment costs and more room to focus on repair and revitalization.

As a result, adaptive reuse of historical structures has become a popular strategy for revitalizing
culture, managing heritage, and developing tourism. Adaptive reuse, as observed by the global society, is
one of the stepping stones altering people's minds and paving our road to a better connection with the
environment.

Natural landscapes play an essential role in the adaptive reuse of cultural resources. Natural
landscapes and green areas influence historical places, induce peacefulness, and generate recreational,
social, and cultural activities, according to heritage studies. One of the country’s most considered popular
tourist destination due to its natural iconic views and cool climate is Tagaytay City a component city of
province of Cavite, Philippines.

Some portions of the city are surrounded by hills and mountains, which have been magnificently
restored. Tagaytay City has unique combination of natural and man-made attractions that is perfect for
bouts of relaxation or that dose of photography with a breathtaking background. Tourism is their primary
sector since many people come to visit Taal Volcano and also The People’s Park in the Sky. The benefits
of numerous historical monuments are derived from the surrounding green space, and natural landscapes
are frequently favored for their visual and recreational value.

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 Natural landscapes are major attractions for visitors, and adaptive heritage reuse methods must
address numerous elements of value as well as the tourists' demand for an appealing destination if economic
advantages are to be expected.

Adaptive reuse is more than just an emotional desire to save structures. It is a beneficial approach
of material conservation on both a local and global scale. It is a popular approach for preserving the
significance of historical assets such as industrial, religious, public, residential, military, and commercial
facilities, attracting private financing, and reducing the financial load on governments. It confronts the fast-
paced consumption culture by educating people how to fully enjoy what is available right now.

Since the Philippines is largely an agricultural country it is rich in natural resources including
different kinds of natural landforms, such as volcanoes, hills, plains, mountains, and valleys. However, the
majority of available areas for the agricultural industry is gradually decreases as time passes by. Farmers
struggle to maintain their land, lack of knowledge as well as training regarding farm productivity,
agricultural land grabbing, and land loss due to urbanization which is negatively affects the view of citizens
to its heritage significance.

In order to continuously develop and bring opportunities to the community’s farmers in reclaiming
the land they lost whilst bringing together the agricultural lifestyle to the public, the AGRIVIVE approach
is an agro-tourism mountain resort that aims to bridge the gap between the urban and rural landscape of
Tagaytay City. It is a redevelopment and adaptive reuse of the People’s Park in the sky that aims to promote
Tagaytay’s agriculture, cultural heritage and preserve its historical struggle. And through the redevelopment
of the mansion to an agro-resort, visitors are introduced to the way of life in a rural setting and are provided
with an outstanding experience, such as a comfortable healthy home. Agrivive not only established the site
with the goal of preserving these heritages, it also empowers local communities and pushes people to engage
in cultural and social life that helps in promoting its agricultural sector dedicated to tourists, farmers, and
to community.

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 TAGAYTAY CITY: HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

Tagaytay City is considered a major national tourist destination due to its cool climate, astounding
scenery, and amusing history. The geographic location is the city’s best asset as it has the prospect of the
Laguna de Bay on the east, Manila Bay to its north, while the famous Taal Lake and Taal Volcano is on the
south, known as one of the iconic views of the Philippines.

As stated by
Tagaytay Ecological Profile
(2016), the term Tagaytay
came from different
interesting stories. One
involves a boy and his father
who went out to hunt wild
boars which made the son
shouted the words, “Tagâ,
Itáy!” which implies to chop
Source: Official Website of the City Government of Tagaytay
(Taga), aOnd “Itay” means
father. Another story is the word Tagaytay is a Tagalog term for a ridge. According to Merriam Webster
(n.d.), a ridge is defined as a chain of hills forming a continued elevated crest that can be seen from a
distance.

Moreover, in 1896, during the Philippine Revolution, Tagaytay became the spot where
revolutionaries from nearby provinces such as Batangas and Laguna, General Trias, Silang, Indang,
Amadeo, Mendez, and Dasmariñas go into hiding due to its luxurious forests and ridges which made it a
perfect sanctuary for the “katipuneros.” Furthermore, since Tagaytay is a central location of different towns
and provinces, it turned into a passageway of revolutionary movements and termed the process
“Mananagaytay,” which means travel across the ridges of Tagaytay.

Presently, the Department of Tourism identified Tagaytay City as one of the priority areas of
tourism advancement since it exhibited a rapid rise in urbanization in the country. As Tagaytay became a
city on June 21, 1938, under Commonwealth Act No. 338, its natural resources and agriculture continued
to flourish stupendously. Also, it has a total land area of 6,500 hectares with 71,181 total population,
characterized by a mixed topography, and consists of 34 barangays which (10) ten are urban and the rest
are rural.

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 According to Tagaytay City Citizen’s Charter (2015), Tagaytay is a 2nd Class City, and its
economic base is mainly agriculture and tourism. Farming is the central source of livelihood for the
residents. The locals also produce ample season crops such as camote, radish, potato, corn, and banana,
while their main crops are pineapple and coffee.

Until now, Tagaytay is popular because of the divergent activities that people could perform in the
area such as feast on their savory “bulalo,” have an amusing time at Sky Ranch Tagaytay, unwind at
Tagaytay Picnic Grove and famous hotels, get a glimpse of the magnificent view of the Taal through the
highest point of Tagaytay City People’s Park in the Sky, and have a memorable wedding with a background
of stunning sceneries. Tourist usually visits the city during December, January, and February which the
climate is relatively low temperature and colder.

In addition, one of the things that people appreciate about the City of Tagaytay is its rich heritage
and cultural activities including “Santacruzan”, and “Pilipinyahan” in Tagaytay, a summer festival that
promotes pineapple as it is performed during the first week of May.

Nevertheless, the city is known as the “Character City of the South” because aside from its vision
supported by a disciplined, God-centered, healthy, and united community, its citizens also portray a good
moral character that always welcomes its visitors. Therefore, Tagaytay’s overall aspect is comfortable to
live in and visit due to its unpolluted air and calm scene that pleases the heart and refreshes the mind not
only by the inhabitants but also by the tourists.

PEOPLE’S PARK IN THE SKY: HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

People’s Park in the Sky is located at the summit

of Mount Sungay in the City of Tagaytay, Cavite,
Philippines. Before it was made to a now historical urban
park, it was used by the Bureau of Air Transport as a
radar station for navigation and satellite-based
communication. Some farmers that are also living within
the mountainside were asked to relocate for the
construction of the Mansion also known as the Palace in Source: Tupang Gala
the Sky.

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PALACE IN THE SKY

On the year 1981 during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, Imelda Marcos decided to build a
mansion in the summit of 2,500 feet, Mount Sungay. The progress of the construction was slow because of
its location so the mountain was leveled by bulldozers and roads were built for the transportation of the
supplies for construction. After the announcement of the intention to visit the Philippines in November
1983 of US President Ronal Reagan, the construction of the mansion was rushed for the reason that the
Marcos administration planned to accommodate Reagan in the said Palace in the Sky.

On October 4, 1983, New York Times published an article stating about the announcement of the
White House regarding the indefinite postponement of Reagan’s planned visit to the Philippines including
two other countries. He decided to postpone the trip because of the Marcos’ rising outrage from the public
and its government. Another reason is the considerations for Reagan’s safety and security after the
assassination of the former Senator Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.

Before the mansion was completed, due to the cancelation of Reagan’s visit to the Philippines, the
project and construction for the Palace in the Sky was abandoned.

PEOPLE’S PARK IN THE SKY

On 1996, the place was rehabilitated and turned

into the People’s Park in the sky where the Mansion still
stand together with The Shrine of our Lady, Mother of Fair
Love and a doppler weather radar station maintained by
PAG-ASA. It became a tourist spot in Tagaytay over time
and is currently open to the public. People’s Park in the sky
is open from 8 in the morning to 6 in the evening and has
an entrance fee if 30 pesos per person. The Park also has a
Source: Tupang Gala
place where the public can enjoy the view with their family
while having a picnic. Huts within the park can be rented for 100 pesos for the whole day. Aside from
having a picnic, visitors can also enjoy activities such as shopping souvenirs, and renting binoculars for 20
pesos per 10 mins to clearly see and have a closer look to the 360-degree view of the city including the Taal
lake and the Taal volcano.

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THE SHRINE OF THE LADY, MOTHER OF FAIR LOVE

The Shrine which is also located within the

People’s Park in the Sky. A replica of Holy Mary Mother
of Fair Love was installed on December 15, 1974, by
Hernan D. Reyes together with 4 high school students
from Lauan Study Center. The image shows our Lady is
seating and supporting the Child Jesus, who is standing
over a stack of books. The Child is holding a rose in his
left hand, which he is pressing against His chest, while his
right hand is forming a gesture of giving a blessing. The
original life-sized statue where the image is copied can be
found in the University of Navarre in Pamplona Spain
which was a gift from St. Josemaria Escriva.

When the construction of the Palace in the Sky

began in 1981, workers were mandate to remove the huge
rock where the image was installed because it was
blocking the view of the mansion. They used bulldozers Source: Wikimapia
and dynamite blasts to destroy the huge rock, but the action was unsuccessful.

On February 14, 2003, the shrine was formally inaugurated through the support of the Tagaytay
City Council, the Department of Tourism, the Development Academy of the Philippines, Don Bosco
Caritas, and the generosity of many who offered their time, talents, and financial resources to venerate the
Blessed Virgin Mary.

PAGASA DOPPLER RADAR STATION

Beside the mansion, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and

Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), has a Doppler Radar
station but the access to it is limited to PAGASA employees only. Its location
on the high ground makes it an ideal location for a weather radar that can cover
Manila. (Another radar capable of covering Manila is in Subic.) It is one of
the Doppler radar systems that were placed across the Philippines in the early
2010s, designed to accurately see the amount of rainfall and thereby allowing
our forecasters to predict the weather more accurately. Source:
PampangaTalents

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 ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER AND DESIGN ELEMENTS

Tagaytay City has indefinitely established itself as a mountain province experience, one that is
accessible to the country’s capital. According to the tourism officer of Tagaytay, Ms. Lanie Diesta, the city
is not particularly a tourist destination but more of a weekend getaway destination. It had no self-identity
because of being known only as “Little Baguio”. Despite that, the city’s location is conveniently sought
after by architectural developments, slowly turning it into an urban landscape. The City of Tagaytay prides
itself on its fantastic views and landscapes, encouraging the adaptation of structures to the natural elements.

Keeping the discreet and peaceful residential character of Tagaytay, most structures are built and
inspired by Filipino architecture and the incorporation of green design. Structures, particularly vernacular
architecture, take from the concept of a classic bahay kubo. The concept of this ¬bahay kubo includes an
open plan design which lets authentic Filipino culture reflect and flow in its spaces. Architectural elements
that reflect and make use of the city’s natural resources are abundant in their designs. Starting off with tall
and wide windows that graze walls and facades, this element allows proper ventilation and lets in light
which is taken advantage of with their designs. Applying high ceilings and wide overhangs provide
unobstructed views of spaces. It allows good cross-ventilation in the structure, minimizing the use of
electrically or energy-powered air circulation and light distribution. Landscaping is a prominent feature in
most areas, this is because of the rich soil that Tagaytay’s land possesses.

Since this location is in a rural setting, based on Tagaytay’s zoning ordinance, structures or
buildings should be in earth or nature tones. The materials used in building construction in this location
lean more on the use of sustainable and locally-available products. The use of wood in most constructions
are minimized. According to Dino Mañosa, CEO of Mañosa Properties, there is a tendency for the materials
like wood to get smoggy because of the climatic conditions in Tagaytay, Hence, concrete, bamboo, native
stones, reclaimed wood, and glass are the most commonly used in construction.

THE MANSION

One of the most visited places in Tagaytay is the infamous “Mansion” located at the People’s Park
in the Sky. This unfinished structure is surrounded by hotels and resorts inspired by different architectural
styles ranging from French, Western, and Filipino homes. These structures accommodate guests and
provide easy access to the site.

Originally, the structure was to have three huge floors, with a top floor loft that was meant to be a
“disco” that would have come with a revolving parquet floor. It had a huge spiral staircase that winded from
the top to the lower floors of the house. According to the former caretaker, there was a good number of

7
rooms constructed, failing to remember how many there were. Materials such as narra, was used inside the
house. A wide and open veranda wrapped around the whole structure, provided a sprawling view of
Tagaytay’s highlands. A swimming pool adorned with blue and white tiles was also constructed at the rear
of the mansion and was sunken into a terraced land.

Surrounding the area of the mansion is an amphitheater lined with rows of curved concrete benches
and a platform that serves as a small stage. Classical order columns line the edge of the amphitheater. To
the right of the mansion, the Shrine of Our Lady, Mother of Fair Love has been constructed.

The state of the mansion in recent times have not been improved since its construction. The walls
of the mansion have paint peeling off it, railings are rusted, and the palace is a picture of abandonment. The
ground floor of the structure has been turned into a bazaar; souvenir shops lined its base. While the upper
floors served as a viewing deck for the park’s visitors.

DESIGN ELEMENTS TO BE ADDED

The current structure of the mansion consists of open spaces, with barely any walls built. This
allows the unobstructed view of Tagaytay’s highlands. In order to keep that character of the structure,
design elements are to be improved and to be added.

➢ Open Bazaar

The ground floor of the mansion currently accommodates an assortment of food stalls, souvenir
shops, and vendors selling various novelties. To improve this condition, the following changes can be made:

• Open ground floor – to keep the spaces flowing, the ground floor can be raised on “stilts” similar to
the concept of a Bahay Kubo, in order to
continuously allow easy accessibility for
guests.
• Concrete stilts for foundation – since the
original structure is mostly made of
concrete, using this material to add in the
Source: ArchDaily.com Source: plyboo.com
foundation for the upper floors contribute to
better support.

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 • Provisions for bazaar stalls – built in partitions for the stalls create a more organized arrangement
to avoid the muddled-up setting it currently has.
➢ Semi-Open Dining Area

The mansion’s second floor is an open

space area enclosed only by railings. In order to
improve this, semi-enclosing the area is a
proposition. With the addition of:

• Large wide casement and awning windows Source: pinterest.com

– this is an optional approach to ensure that the spaces are protected from natural elements such as
rainfall, whilst keeping the area open to the view.
• Proper railings (balusters) – the improvement of the existing railings to a sturdier material, allows
the space to still incorporate a safe viewing deck.
➢ Multi-Purpose Area

Similar to the other floor levels, the third

floor of the mansion is the highest point of the area
and is accessible by the public that offers an open
and sprawling view of Tagaytay. To preserve this
feature, additional design elements are:
Source: buildings.com Source: thespruce.com
• Keeping the space open for unobstructed views – The multi-purpose hall can be placed in the center
of the area. This allows for the ample space allotted for the viewing deck.
• Floor to ceiling windows – incorporation of vinyl windows in the hall provides unobstructed views
even when situated indoors.
➢ Lodging for guests and farmers
• Concrete railings for hallway viewing deck
– since the space is open and exposed to the
elements, concrete balusters perform well in
providing an open viewing experience from
hallways. Source: Source: solidwood.ph
farmhouseonboone.com
• Exterior wall wood cladding – wood accents
are to be added to wall to give the structure a more environmentally and homey character.

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MATERIALS

• Concrete
- Concrete is a preferred building material because of its strength and durability. A safe
option because it does not burn and rust compared to other materials. It is also versatile
and can be molded as needed.
- Possible uses of the material are: for building foundation, walls, stilts, and balusters
• Stainless steel
- Stainless steel relatively has a good corrosion resistance in clean atmospheres. It also has
high strength and ductility. Another advantage is its property of being sustainable and is
also a preferred choice in the construction industry.
- Possible uses of the material are: for railings, building foundation, and roofing
• Bamboo
- Bamboo has a compressive strength higher than that of concrete. Its tensile strength is
comparable to that of stainless steel. Preservation of this material is needed to avoid
termite and fungal occurrence.
- Possible uses of this material are: for secondary railings (optional), interior design and
structural elements, and can also be an alternative for wood
• Stone
- Stone is a common building material that is durable, strong, and can withstand different
weather conditions. This is a good material when going for a green design and is cost-
effective because it is naturally available.
- Possible uses of the material are: for floor finishes, accent walls, and for masonry
• Wood (furniture, interiors)
- Wood, much like concrete is a common building material in the industry. It has low heat
conductivity, high strength and naturally available. The only downside of using this for
the structure in this location is the climatic conditions. It does not perform well in humid
locations.
- Possible uses of the material are: for furniture, interior design and structural elements,
accents or decoration.

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 SITE ANALYSIS

1. Cultural and Man-Made Features

a. Utilities
i. Domestic Water Supply
According to the 2016 Ecological Profile of Tagaytay City, the supply of the city mainly
relies on bodies of water such as springs, rainwater, and ground water. There are three (3) main
springs namely: Kaybubutong Spring, Matang Tubig Spring, and Pulong Usiw Spring, which
serves twenty-seven (27) barangays in total. Alongside these main springs are minor springs, from
which residents draw their daily supply. And since springs are the main source of water supply, the
local government of Tagaytay City ensures monthly bacterial testing in order to ensure safe and
potable water is served to their citizens.
The Tagaytay City Water District (TCWD) serve barangays in the city which have their
own water system. Using their set up waterworks facilities including a pump station, transmission
line, distribution reservoir, distribution lines and appurtenances, the TCWD derives its potable
water supply from the three major springs. In the latest records, 98.66% of the total number of
households or about thirty-three (33) out of thirty-four (34) barangays are served by the TCWD.
The site, People’s Park in the Sky, is located in Mount Sungay which is under Barangay
Dapdap East and Dapdap West. According to the report, Barangay Calabuso, Dapdap West and
Sitio Bulalong Matanda in Iruhin East obtain water from a spring below through submersible pump
and operate in Level II Water System.
ii. Electric Power Supply

In the latest 2016 Ecological Profile of Tagaytay City, about 98.43% of the total number of
households and 100% of the barangays have access to electricity and are being served Manila Electric
Company (MERALCO).

iii. Waste Disposal System

a. Solid Waste Management

In the Ecological Report, the local government unit claims that a Materials Recovery
Facility, covering an area of 4,000 square meters with equipment to process mixed waste per
day, was constructed by the City Government. In line with the city’s action towards proper
protection of the environment, it is designed to receive, sort, process and store compostable and
recyclable materials efficiently and in an environmentally sound manner in compliance with RA
9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act.

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 b. Liquid Waste Management

Tagaytay suffers from the absence of central sewerage system/waste water treatment
system. Since these facilities require massive resources, the city resorts are using natural
drainage and a multi-chamber (sealed) septic vault.

b. Land Use

Tagaytay City has a total land

area of 6,500 hectares, which is roughly
5.19% of the total land area of the
Province of Cavite. From the twenty (20)
original barangays, the city is now
politically divided into thirty-four (34)
barangays.

i. Land Use and Zoning Source: Tagaytay City Official Website

Following the Zoning Ordinance for Tagaytay City under City Ordinance No. 97-93 Series
of December 1997 Article 4 entitled “Zone Classifications”, Section 7 “Zone/Area Boundaries”,
People’s Park in the Sky is placed under Special Conservation Area (SCA). As defined by
Proclamation No. 740 dated February 16, 1996, this includes all areas within one kilometer radius
from the People’s Park in the Sky. All uses shall be in consonance to the Proclamation’s stipulations:
recreational, scientific, planned area for new development and other similar purposes and this shall
be developed as another Planned Unit Development (PUD).

Under the same ordinance, Article V Zone Regulations Section 19 states that the allowable
uses for the SCA can only be any of the following:

a. All uses allowed in EDA (Section 17. Ecological Development Area) (as listed below);
a.1. Forestry and agro-forestry;
a.2. Crop production on suitable sites provided that (Sloping Agricultural Land
Technology (SALT) is employed;
a.3. Ancillary dwelling units of lot owners, tillers and laborers.
b. All uses specified in Proclamation No. 740 i.e., recreational, tourism, scientific, planned
area for a new development and other similar purposes.

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 More so, nature or earth tones shall be used for the building colors. Other specific regulations
are listed under the same article, otherwise, minimum requirements for the National Building Code
shall be followed.

c. Circulation
i. Roads

As stated in the 2016 Ecological

Profile, Tagaytay City has a total road length
of 139.250 kilometers wherein about 39.70
kms are classified as National Roads; 29.829
kms are City Roads; and 69.721 kms are
Barangay Roads. However, in view of
prioritizing the development maintenance
within these roads, the city’s circulation Source: Tagaytay City Official Website
system has been categorized into three (3) functional hierarchical classifications: national highways,
arterial collector and service road classification.

Horizontally traversing the city, the major arterial road of Tagaytay is the National Highway,
which links most of the city’s barangays while serving as a national thoroughfare connecting
Tagaytay to the provinces of Laguna and Batangas. Aside from this primary road, there are also eight
(8) other perpendicularly aligned arterial roads, seven of which are maintained by the national
government, that provide linkages to towns and cities of four other regions.

People’s Park in the Sky, the site, is located in Mount Sungay, which is approximately 8 km
(5.0 mi) east from the Tagaytay City Circle. To be able to reach the site, one must go along the
national road of Tagaytay-Laguna via Calamba. The parking lot and the entrance of the park is located
at the foot of Mount Sungay. To reach the top and the mansion, a 300 m (980 ft.) hike or ride by a
jeepney through a narrow road is required.

In cases of travelling by bus, getting off at the Olivares Terminal (Emilio Aguinaldo
Highway, Silang Junction North) would be the best option then ride a jeepney going to the Palace.
However, there are no alternative entrance and exit points toward the site aside from the national
road and the steep, narrow road.

d. Social Factors
i. Social Composition and Characteristics

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 The most dominant dialect spoken by most of the residents of Tagaytay City is Tagalog with
an average of 93.58% of the total population. This is followed by Bicolano with only 1.52%. There
are also four (4) other dialects such as Ilocano, Cebuano, Samar-Leyte, and others.

Likewise, a majority or 95.36% of the population in the city are Roman Catholics in religion
while 3.37% are Iglesia ni Cristo. The remaining are Protestants and other religions.

ii. Population Size and Growth Rate

In the 2010 National Statistics Office (NSO) report, Tagaytay City’s total population reached
62, 030. It showed an annual growth rate of 3.19% from the 2000 NSO census with a total of only
45, 287. However, during the weekends, holidays, and peak seasons, the population doubles and even
triples since Tagaytay is a major tourist destination in the country.

iii. Urban–Rural Distribution

According to the 2016 Ecological Profile, the city of Tagaytay is predominantly rural. Only
10 out of 34 barangays are considered urban, namely: Maitim II East; Silang Crossing East; San Jose;
Tolentino East; Sungay West; Sungay East; Maharlika East; Kaybagal South; Mendez Crossing East
and Mendez Crossing West. In 2010, there were 26,638 persons or 43% of the total city’s population
are in the urban area while the remaining 35,392 are rural dwellers.

iv. Present Status of Well-Being

The quality of life of the residents can be measured in terms of their status of well-being in
relation to certain acceptable or desired standards, as well as the level of social services that are made
available to them. One of the indicators is recreation.

a. Recreation and Sports Facilities

The City of Tagaytay, being a famous tourist destination, provides, not only its
residents, but also visitors and tourists a number of facilities for both sports and recreational
activities. In the latest report from the local government of Tagaytay, available facilities include:
fourteen (14) Covered Courts, six (6) Barangay Basketball/ Open Courts, two (2) Public Parks,
one (1) Theme Park, two (2) Mini Zoo, three (3) Museums, one (1) Golf Course, one (1) Public
Swimming Pool, three (3) Amusement Centers for Kids, two (2) Horseback Riding Track, three
(3) Ziplines, one (1) Track Field Oval/ Baseball and Softball Field and thirty-four (34)
Playgrounds.

14
 Alternatively, establishments for passive leisure and sight-seeing are also available in
Tagaytay. One of which is Tagaytay Picnic Grove near People’s Park in the Sky which are both
managed and operated by the City Government. Located in Barangay Sungay East, it offers
facilities for picnicking, horseback riding, swimming, and the now famous zipline and cable car.

Also located in the same barangay as the People’s Park in the Sky is the Development
Academy of the Philippines (DAP). It is among the most famous and favorite venues for
conventions, seminars, and conferences. Aside from the convention area, various facilities can
also be availed in DAP including a pelota court, ping pong room, game room for chess and mah-
jong, children’s playground, covered tennis court, covered squash beating lagoon, skating rink,
swimming pool and one goal basketball court.

v. Local Economy (Primary Sector)

a. Tourism

Tagaytay City is one of the vital tourist sites, which play a very significant role in the
country’s tourism industry. Tagaytay City ranks very high in both National and Regional points
of view because of its scenic attractions and available accommodation facilities that meet
international standards. Located accessibly and strategically near Metro Manila, main entry and
exit point of the country’s local and international travelers, Tagaytay remains to be one of the
leading tourist areas in the country. And although it is near the urbanized Metro Manila, it remains
to have its unique rustic atmosphere and cool climate, another reason why people choose not to
only visit the place but also hold seminars, conferences, and retreats in the city.

b. Agriculture

Aside from the tourism industry, agriculture has been the traditional economic base of
Tagaytay City and will remain to be a significant sector in the city’s economic development.
Although the city is blessed with soil that are generally highly suitable for agriculture, topography,
on the other hand, is determined as a natural constraint. There are areas in the city that have limited
land area that can be conveniently cultivated.

As years passed by, agricultural lands have shifted to high-income crops since Tagaytay’s
land has proven its adaptability to various cultivation. Since coffee became one of the producers
of the city being exported due to high demand and income, a substantial portion of the city’s land
have been developed into coffee farms. In fact, in the 2015 Citizens’ Charter of Tagaytay City,
coffee has more areas of plantation as compared to pineapple and camote.

15
 c. Livestock and Poultry

The city’s favorable climate has attracted commercial and semicommercial livestock farms
to locate in the area. Inventories of livestock and poultries have increased over the past years.
Cattles are primarily raised as work animals for farms while other forms of livestock are raised
essentially for consumption. In the 2015 Citizens’ Charter release by Tagaytay’s Local
Government, poultry has the highest annual production followed by swine and Cattles.

d. Commerce and Industry

The City of Tagaytay has no defined central business district. Instead, commercial
activities tend to conglomerate at four (4) different parts of the city. In the 2016 Ecological Report,
since the city has become a top tourist destination, there are about 2,295 commercial establishments
situated at Tagaytay City based on the record from the License Office for businesses.

However, Tagaytay City, being basically an agricultural area, has relatively few industries
within its vicinity. There are on 11 industries found in the city, two (2) of which are agro-based,
three (3) are manufacturing oriented and the remaining are cottage/livelihood industries

2. Topography and Climatic Conditions

a. Topography

Tagaytay City is characterized by mixed topography. The southern and eastern portions are
covered by hills and mountains which are generally forests and open grasslands. There are ridge
areas with slopes ranging from 10.1 to over 25 percent.

i. Slope
One of the important factors being considered in determining the suitability of lands
for urban development as well as the capability of an area for cultivation is the slope. For
classification of slopes specified by the Task Force on Human Settlements as part of the
Ecological Information Decision Systems (EIDS) used in Human Settlements planning, the
different slope categories and its distribution among the lands in Tagaytay are the following:

AREA (in SHARE TYPE SLOPE CHARACTERISTICS

hectares) (%) RANGE (%)
2, 210.0 34.0 A 0 to 2.5 Level to nearly level
712.0 11.0 B 2.6 to 5.0 Very gently sloping or
undulating

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 390.0 6.0 C 5.1 to 10.0 Gently sloping or undulating
520.0 8.0 D 10.1 to 18.0 Moderately sloping or rolling
1, 040.0 16.0 E 18.1 to 25.0 Strongly sloping or strongly
rolling
1, 625.0 25.0 F Over 25.0 Strongly hilly to mountainous
Table 1. Types of Slope

Located in the Barangay Dapdap, along with Barangay Calabuso, Iruhin, Sungay,
Sambong, Kaybagal, San Jose and Silang Crossing, People’s Park in the Sky is considered
to be in the Areas with Type D slopes (10.1 to 18.0 percent) which covers 520.0 hectares of
land. Due to the good soil characteristics in the city, these moderately or rolling areas are
planted to diversified crops although there are still vast tracks of open grasslands in
Barangays Dapdap and Calabuso.

b. Climate

Tagaytay City’s climate is characterized by relatively low temperature, low humidity and
abundant rainfall. Like most areas in the Province of Cavite and Batangas, Tagaytay City has two
pronounced seasons: dry from November through April and wet during the rest of the year.

i. Atmospheric Temperature

Since the city is situated

approximately 600 meters above sea
level, Tagaytay is endowed with a cool
and invigorating climate with an
average temperature of 22.7 C. During
the months of December, January, and
February, the city could be misty and is
relatively cooler than all the other
months, a sole reason why this is a peak
Source: Tagaytay City Official Website
season for the City’s tourism industry.

ii. Rainfall

After the dry seasons in November to April, a maximum amount of rainfall usually
occurs from July to September, wherein the city’s annual rainfall is 2, 546 mm with a peak of
459 mm in August and a low of 27 mm in February (dry season).

17
 iii. Relative Humidity

Measuring the moisture content of the atmosphere, the average relative humidity of
Tagaytay is only 7%. As compared to the 81% in Metropolitan Manila, the low temperature and
low humidity of Tagaytay makes it a lot cooler than country’s capital.

iv. Wind Direction

Amihan or the cool north-eastern wind prevail in the city during the months of October
to April during the dry season. Meanwhile, habagat or southwest wind characterize by frequent
heavy rainfall and humid weather is experience during May to September or the wet season. The
average speed of the wind is 6 knots per hour.

v. Typhoons

During the wet season, June to December are also the most probable months of typhoon
season for Tagaytay City as thirty-one (31) to forty (40) percent of the typhoons visiting the
Philippines affect the city.

3. Sub-Surface Features
a. Geology
i. Rock Formation

Tagaytay City have two types of rocks particularly (1) volcanic rocks and (2) clastic
rocks. A city near the Taal Volcano, these volcanic rocks are made up of andesite and basalt
lava flows with some interpolated pyroclastic rocks, while clastic rocks 7 consist of interbedded
shale and sandstone with occasional thin leases of limestone, tuff and reworked sandy tuffs,
calcareous and partly tuffaceous shale.

In the entire City of Tagaytay, approximately 128.05 hectares of land representing 1.97
percent of the city’s total land area are underlain by volcanic rocks. The People’s Park in the
Sky, located in Barangay Dapdap, is one of the barangays covered by volcanic rocks including
Barangays Calabuso, Iruhin East, and Iruhin West, while the rest fo the city is underlain by
clastic rocks.

b. Hydrology
i. Underground Spring

The site, People’s Park in the Sky, is located in Mount Sungay which is under Barangay
Dapdap East and Dapdap West. According to the report, Barangay Calabuso, Dapdap West and

18
 Sitio Bulalong Matanda in Iruhin East obtain water from a spring below through submersible
pump and operate in Level II Water System. Only Calabuso Spring and Bayanan Spring are
located in the Barangays Calabuso and Dapdap; however, due to lack of available information
about these springs, the underground spring from which potable water supply is pumped remains
unnamed.

c. Soil Genesis
i. Soil Suitability

The basic type of soils found in Tagaytay City belongs to the Tagaytay Series which
includes the Tagaytay Sandy Loam and Tagaytay Loam. The central and western portions of the
city are covered by the Tagaytay Sandy Loam, which has a surface of 12 to 50 centimeters deep,
dark brown to nearly black, friable and granular sandy loam with a considerable amount of
volcanic sand.

Meanwhile, the eastern portion of the city, where The People’s Park in the Sky is
located, is covered with Tagaytay Loam. It has a surface soil consisting of a 15- to 35-centimeter-
thick layer of brown to dark brown loam containing more or less fine sandy material. This type
of soil is moderately crumbly when moist and becomes hard and cakes when dry. However, this
type of soil is easy to work on. Upland rice, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, citrus, coffee, pineapple,
avocado, and various vegetable are a few of the crops that grow best in this type of soil.

a. Soil Suitability for Urban Use

Soil suitability classification is a more specific method of showing the relative
suitability of the different soil units to specific crops of land uses based on the soil qualities
and other limitations, which affect the crop or specific use.
Soil Classification Characteristics
Class I (Good) Soils that have properties favorable for the rated use with none to
slight limitations that can easily be overcome.
Class II (Fair) Soils that have properties which are moderately suitable for the
rated use with moderate soil limitations that can be overcome or
modified with good planning, design or special maintenance.
Class III (Poor) Soils that have one or more characteristics unfavorable for the rated
use with severe soil limitations that are difficult and costly to
modify or overcome, requiring major soil reclamation, special
design or intensive maintenance.

19
 Class IV (Not Soils that have one or more properties so unfavorable for urban use
Suitable) that overcoming the limitation is most difficult and costly.
Table 2. Soil Suitability for Urban Use
b. Soil Suitability for Agricultural Use
Soil Classification Characteristics
Highly Suitable/ The soils are suitable for use under simple but good management
Good practices. Slight soil limitations, if any, are easy to overcome
Moderately The presence of minor or moderate soil limitations or restrictions
Suitable/ Fair can be overcome with easily applied farming practices
Marginally The existence of serious soil limitations or restrictions can be
Suitable/ Poor overcome with intensive and complex farming practices and special
management, and;
Not Suitable The presence of very serious limitations or restrictions renders the
soil not suitable or uneconomical to use under any management
condition.
Table 3. Soil Suitability for Agricultural Use

The site located in

the strongly hilly to
mountainous areas along the
ridges consists of 24.6% of
the total land area or 1, 599
hectares are rated as not
suitable for urban use. Most
of these strongly sloping
portions of the city are
Source: Tagaytay City Official Website
currently zoned and utilized as
forests or abandoned as open grasslands. Yet, these areas are experiencing pressure of land
conversion due to its unobstructed view of the Taal lake.

On the other hand, having a slope qualification of type D, The People’s Park in the
Sky is highly suitable for tree crops.

20
ii. Land Capability and Erosion Susceptibility

Land capability classification is a scheme for grouping soil units together according
to the best use of lands in order to optimize production, preserve land and prevent soil damage
through improper use. The classification indicates the relative suitability of land for
agriculture and the corresponding land management requirements.

Land
Characteristics
Classification
Class “A” This class includes very good lands, which can be cultivated safely and
require only simple but good farm management practices.
Class “Be” This class include good lands that are nearly level to gently sloping,
slightly to moderately eroded and can be cultivated safely if carefully
planned erosion control management practices and intensive soil
conservation practices are observed.
Class “Ce” This class consists of moderately good lands that are moderately sloping,
moderately to severely eroded, and can be cultivated safely if carefully
planned erosion control management practices and intensive soil
conservation practices are observed.
Class “De” This class include fairly good lands that are slightly sloping, moderately
to severely eroded due to excessive run-off and can be cultivated
occasionally if handled with care. These lands require very careful
management and complex conservation practices and are most suitable
to pasture or tree farms.
Table 4. Land Capability Classification
Located in
Mount Sungay, the
People’s Park in the Sky is
classified under Class
“De”. It is situated in a
Steep Land which can
moderately to severely be
eroded due to water run-
off. However, its location Source: Tagaytay City Official Website
would be suitable for pasture and tree farms.

21
 SWOT ANALYSIS

1. STRENGTHS
a. The People’s Park in the Sky has strong historical value not only to the locals but also to local
and international tourists visiting the mansion.
b. Tagaytay City has an Am or tropical monsoon classification, having milder temperatures and
lower humidity than other cities in Metro Manila and the rest of the Philippines.
c. Tagaytay has a well-linked road network, including national highways that connect Metro
Manila to the provinces of Laguna, Batangas, and Cavite.
d. Tagaytay City is considered to be one of the most visited tourist destinations that greatly
contributes to the tourism sector of the Philippines. It is commonly favored because of its cold
climate and location near the urban city.
2. WEAKNESSES
a. The narrow, steep arterial road from the main road towards the top of the mountain can be a
limitation as to how building materials, future equipment, and other furniture are to be
transported in the mansion.
b. The site’s location has no alternative entry and exit points. In case of emergency, the narrow,
steep arterial road is the only way out.
c. On-site parking near the mansion itself is not available.
d. Despite of the cool climate because the site is situated at the highest point in the city, it becomes
more prone to heavy rainfall and disruptive typhoons.
e. Electrical power lines and potable water supply can be hard to source since the site, aside from
being on top of the mountain, is located quite far from the city’s rotunda.
3. OPPORTUNITIES
a. Tagaytay’s soil is rich in volcanic components that make it suitable for farming. The slope also
contributes to the capability of the land for cultivation
b. The site’s view deck offers a 360 view of the city. It overlooks Manila Bay to its north, Laguna
de Bay to its east, and Taal Volcano and Taal Lake to its south.
c. There are 2, 295 commercial establishments in Tagaytay as of 2016, and yet, only a few, eleven
(11) to be exact, industries related to agriculture.
d. To make use of the farm’s crops and produce in a farm-to-table restaurant in order to promote
the city’s agriculture and support the local farmers.
e. The site is considered to be a rural place, yet, urbanized since a lot of people or tourists come
to visit. Hence, easier to redevelop and re-use.

22
 4. THREATS
a. The site, under Class “De”, is prone to moderate to severe cases of erosion since it is also
located in a steep land, particularly Mount Sungay.
b. The entire Tagaytay City is located within the 15-km radius of Taal Volcano Danger Zone.
c. Almost thirty-one (31) to forty (40) percent of the typhoons that visit the Philippines affect the
city, hence, intense and heavy rainfalls can be hazardous to the site.

FINDINGS
1. People’s Park in the Sky, being located in the highest point of Tagaytay City, is often visited by
locals and internationals because of its mild temperature and low humidity. Aside from that, it is a
relaxing and recreational place away from the busy metro, but at the same time near the urban areas
as compared to other tourist destinations.
2. Despite its cool climate, the onslaught effect of an intense typhoon or heavy rainfall can greatly
affect not only the structures on site (People’s Park in the Sky) but also the soil condition and erosion
susceptibility of Mount Sungay.
3. Although the suitability of the soil on site is not necessarily meant for urban use, it is highly
recommended for land cultivation and agricultural use. However, due to the sloping sides of the
mountain, it requires intensive and complex farming practices.
4. While there is already an existing underground spring near Mount Sungay, having to provide a
potable water supply and electrical power in the chosen site can be a major setback in the
redevelopment.
5. Aside from the risk of erosion and heavy rainfalls, the entire City of Tagaytay is within the 15-km
Danger Zone of Taal Volcano. Moreover, it can greatly affect the site for it is poor in road
circulation. Mount Sungay only offers a 300-m road to and from the mansion; hence, no alternative
entry and exit points are available.
6. In the entire 2, 295 commercial establishments present in the City of Tagaytay, only an additional
of 11 are related to the industry of agriculture. Considering that Tagaytay is a rural area, it is slowly
being urbanized and land for agriculture are turning into commercial use.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Agri-tourism is a vital component in the economic landscape of the Philippines. It provides a great
impact on national growth, especially on rural development. However, the majority of farmers are
struggling financially, lack knowledge as well as training regarding farm productivity, agricultural land
grabbing, and land loss due to urbanization. Most citizens do not also appreciate and fully recognize its
importance.

The City of Tagaytay is generally conditioned with rich soil, making it a suitable site for agricultural
ventures. Since it is gradually turning into an urban landscape, the number of available areas for the
agriculture industry decreases as time passes by. Simultaneously, farmers struggle to maintain their land,
which negatively affects rural employment and the labor productivity of the agri-tourism sector. Moreover,

23
as a result of urbanization without proper consideration of site, difficulties in character preservation occur
along with changes in historical heritage.

To remedy this, the approach taken for the redevelopment and adaptive reuse of the People’s Park
in the sky is an agro-tourism mountain resort that offers an amazing experience for tourists such as a
comfortable stay along with awareness and educational activities about the village lifestyle. Furthermore,
it also empowers local communities and motivates people to participate in cultural and social life since the
Agrivive designed the site in the light of conserving these heritages.

PROPOSED SOLUTION

AGRIVIVE is an agro-tourism mountain resort that aims to bridge the gap between the urban and
rural landscape. It aims to bring opportunities to the community’s farmers in reclaiming the land they lost
whilst bringing together the agricultural lifestyle to the public. Through the redevelopment of the mansion
to an agro-resort, visitors are introduced to the way of life in a rural setting while enjoying Tagaytay’s
promising landscape. It recognizes the importance of agriculture in supplying food and other products that
are not only vital for human survival but also provide a source of income for a large percentage of the
population. Providing a unifying coexistence between the community and its tourists, it creates an
awareness about the different types of crops, cultivation practices and harvesting methods vital to the
industry. Lastly it aims to promote Tagaytay’s agriculture and cultural heritage through the adaptive reuse
and redevelopment of the People’s Park in the Sky and preserve its historical struggle.

JUSTIFICATION

AGRIVIVE is project aiming to restore and redevelop the People’s Park in the Sky by the process
of adaptive reuse into an agro-tourism mountain resort taking into account the history of the place and its
significance, the allowable uses of the zone in conjunction to the establishments present within the site. In
addition, the project’s intention was to promote the known tourists’ spot together with the livelihood and
the local goods produced by the people living in Tagaytay by taking an agricultural approach which plays
a huge part in the culture of the Philippines. Overall, it shall help in establishing the identity of the City of
Tagaytay as a whole, leading to the development of its social, economic, and environmental status.

24
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