Sensor Based Weather Monitoring System Using ARM LPC2148

Introduction:

A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for
measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study
the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, pressure, humidity, gas,
rain fall detection and pressure. An automatic weather station (AWS) is an automated version of
the traditional weather station, either to save human labour or to enable measurements from
remote areas.

Many crop management decisions are based on weather-crop development relationships.

Daily weather data is currently used in most crop development research and applied models.
Present weather and computer technology now makes possible monitoring of crop development
on a real-time basis.

Remotely monitoring of environmental parameters is important in various applications

and industrial processes. In earlier period weather monitoring systems are generally based on
mechanical, electromechanical instruments which suffer from the drawbacks like poor rigidity,
need of human intervention, associated parallax errors and durability. With the inclusion of
electronics the instruments were made compact and cheaper. However, these systems lack
flexibility of remote monitoring.
 BUFFER DRIVER RELAY

OUTPUT DEVICES
Block Diagram:
GAS SENSOR

BUZZER

OR
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR LM35 M
DC MOTOR FOR
GATE CONTROL

OR

VISUAL
HUMIDITY
INDICATION

RAIN FALL
ARM PROCESSOR
DETECTION
128 X 64 DISPLAY

PRESSURE

(Potentiometer)
+12 Volts

+5 Volts

230 V, AC
Supply

TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER FILTER REGULATOR

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: ARM 7 / Cortex M3, LCD, Relay Driver, Relays, Resistors, Capacitors, LEDs, Crystal, Diodes, Transformer, Voltage Regulator,
Push Button.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Keil compiler uVision 4, Language: Embedded C or Assembly, WLPRO Programmer
Block diagram explanation

• Power supply unit

This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence
specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.

• Temperature Sensor LM 35:

LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the
temperature (in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to
oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately
than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than
0.1 oC temperature rise in still air.
The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage
varies by 10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature, i.e., its scale
factor is 0.01V/ oC.

• Humidity Sensor:
Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurements of some other
quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a
substance as moisture is absorbed. By calibration and calculation, these measured
quantities can lead to a measurement of humidity. Modern electronic devices use
temperature of condensation (the dew point), or changes in
electrical capacitance or resistance to measure humidity differences.

• Gas sensor:
A gas detector is a device which detects the presence of various gases within an
area, usually as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak
and interface with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas
detector can also sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring,
giving them the opportunity to leave the area. This type of device is important because
there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.
• Pressure:

A potentiometer informally a pot, is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding

contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider.[1] If only two terminals are used, one end
and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. A potentiometer measuring
instrument is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage);
the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name.
Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls
on audio equipment.

• Rain drop detection:

A rain sensor or rain switch is a switching device activated by rainfall. There are
two main applications for rain sensors
• ARM processor

ARM is a computer processor based RISC architecture. A RISC-based

computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer
transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs,
heat and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made them
very popular:

The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used architecture in mobile
devices, and most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.

• Buffers

Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results
in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally
used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the
logic present at an interface

• Drivers

This section is used to drive the relay where the output is complement of input
which is applied to the drive but current will be amplified
 • Relays

It is a electromagnetic device which is used to drive the load connected across the
relay and the o/p of relay can be connected to controller or load for further processing.

• Buzzer:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers
include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.

• DC motor:

A DC motor relies on the fact that like magnet poles repel and unlike magnetic poles
attract each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it generates
an electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. By switching the current on or off
in a coil its magnetic field can be switched on or off or by switching the direction of the
current in the coil the direction of the generated magnetic field can be switched 180°.

• Indicator:

This stage provides visual indication of which relay is actuated and deactivated,
by glowing respective LED or Buzzer.

Methodology:

This project is developed to reduce the work load of human beings and to sense the
parameters like Gas, Temperature, Humidity, Rain and Pressure. After sensing those
parameter depending on the scenario the ARM controller will take appropriate action. The
main modules in this project are Sensors (Temperature Sensor LM 35, Humidity Sensor, Gas
Sensor, Rain detection Sensor and Pressure Sensor), ARM controller unit with LCD display
and output device.
 This whole model can be placed anywhere. This model has five Sensors as an input
device to sense the Weather condition and depending on the parameter measured the
controller will take appropriate action. This module continuously monitors the weather
condition of the place where it is placed. If the temperature varies, Gas detected, Rain fall
detected, Humidity varies and Pressure of the weather varies, then the ARM controller will
activates the buzzer to convey the information.

Advantages:

1. All the components required are easily available.

2. It is accurate [Errors are nullified] & precise as it is Digital.

3. It is much Economical compare to other analogue systems.

4. Manual errors can be avoided to some extent.

5. Automatically controlled & Easy to use.

6. Unnecessary wastage of electricity can be controlled to a greater extend.

Disadvantages:

1. In this project usage of relays leads to consume more power.

Applications:

1. This project can be implemented in Home, School, Colleges, and Companies etc…

2. Where we have to reduce the work load of human and to sense the parameters like Gas,
Temperature, Humidity, Rain and Pressure there we can implement this project.