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TRANSITION ELEMENTS (D-Block Elements)

The document discusses transition elements and the properties of iron. Transition elements occupy the central region of the periodic table, between the s-block and p-block elements. They have properties intermediate between the electropositive s-block and electronegative p-block elements. Transition elements have incompletely filled d-orbital shells and variable oxidation states. Important characteristics of transition elements include their metallic properties, high melting/boiling points, colored salts, magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes. The document then discusses the introduction, occurrence, extraction and uses of iron.

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254 views2 pages

TRANSITION ELEMENTS (D-Block Elements)

The document discusses transition elements and the properties of iron. Transition elements occupy the central region of the periodic table, between the s-block and p-block elements. They have properties intermediate between the electropositive s-block and electronegative p-block elements. Transition elements have incompletely filled d-orbital shells and variable oxidation states. Important characteristics of transition elements include their metallic properties, high melting/boiling points, colored salts, magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes. The document then discusses the introduction, occurrence, extraction and uses of iron.

Uploaded by

Manoj Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRANSITION ELEMENTS (d-Block elements)

The elements occupying the central region of the periodic table between s and p block
elements are generally regarded as transition elements. These elements have their
properties which are intermediate between those of S and P-block elements and
represent a change from the most electropositive S-block elements to the most
electronegative P-block elements therefore it as named as transition elements. They
have different electronic configuration compared to the representative elements. In the
transition element series there are two incompletely filled outermost shells. In their
atoms the d-orbital of penultimate (n-1) energy level receive electrons.

The general electronic configuration of transition elements is (n-1)d 1-10 nS1-2, Where n
is the outermost shell.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS


Some of the important characteristics of transition metals are given below:-

1. Metallic character
All the transition metals are metals. They possess metallic luster, high density,
hardness, brightness etc. They are good conductor of heat and electricity.
2. Melting and boiling points
The transition metals high melting and boiling points. In each series the
melting points of these metals rise to a maximum value and then decrease with
increase in atomic number.
3. Colours
Salts of transition elements are coloured in solid state and in aqueous solution.
4. Magnetic properties
Most of the transition metals show paramagnetic behavior. It is due to the
presence of unpaired electrons in d-orbitals.
5. Catalytic properties
Most of the transition metals, their alloys and compounds are used as catalysis.
Transition metals such as Pt, Ni, Fe, Cr, V 2O5 etc acts as catalyst in different
chemical reactions. Catalysis of these metals is due to the use of their d-orbital
or the formation of interstitial compounds which absorb and activate the
reacting substance.
6. Oxidation state
All transition metals exhibit variable oxidation state. This is due to the
involvement of (n-1) d and outer nS electrons.
7. Complex formation
d-block transition metals have a mark ability to form complex compounds.
This is due to the small size, high nuclear charge and having a number of
vacant orbitals of equivalent energy whrere electrons donated by ligands can
be accommodated.
IRON
INTRODUCTION
Latin name: Ferum

Symbol: Fe Atomic weight: 55.85

Electronic configuration: [Ar]3d64s2 Atomic number: 26

Oxidation state: +2 or +3 Valency: 2 or 3

OCCURRENCE OF IRON
Iron is one of the oldest and most essential metals. It is the fourth most abundant
elements in the earth’s crust. About 6.2% of the earth’s crushed is made up of iron.
Iron is a very important constituent of construction materials and is used in almost all
heavy industries.

Iron doesn’t occur in Free State. In combined state it occurs as,

Haematite: Fe2O3 Limonite: Fe2O3.3H2O

Magnetite: Fe3O4 Siderite: FeCO3

Iron pyrite: FeS2 Copper pyrite: CuFeS2

EXTRACTION OF IRON

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