22

THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 9. An atom has electronic configuration

1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p6 3d 3 4s 2 in which group would it be
1. The transition elements have a general electronic
configuration placed?
(a) Fifth (b) Fifteenth
(a) ns 2, np 6, nd 1 10
(c) Second (d) Third
(b) ( n 1) d 1 10
, ns 0 2
, np 0 6
10. In 3d-series atomic number (Z) varies from
(c) (n 1) d1 10, ns1 2 (a) Z 21 30 (b) Z 22 30
(d) n d1 10, ns1 2 (c) Z 20 30 (d) Z 31 40
2. Correct electronic configuration of Cr (Z = 24) is 11. The valence shell of transition elements consists of
(a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 7 4s1 (a) nd orbitals (b) (n-1) d orbitals
(b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 5 4s1 (c) ns np nd orbitals (d) (n-1) d ns orbitals
(c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 7 4s2 12. Number of unpaired electrons in Ni2+(Z=28) is
(d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 6 4s2
(a) 4 (b) 2
3. Which of the following configuration is correct for iron ?
(c) 6 (d) 8
(a) 1s2 ,2 s2 2 p6 ,3s2 3 p6 3d 4 13. Which of the following element is not a member of transition
2 2 6 2
(b) 1s , 2s 2 p ,3s 3 p 3d 4s
6 6 2 elements ?
(a) Zn (b) Pt
(c) 1s2 ,2s2 2 p6 ,3s2 3 p6 3d 2 (c) Ce (d) Mo
2 2 6 2 6 2 2
(d) 1s , 2s 2 p ,3s 3 p 3d 4s 14. The number of unpaired electrons in gaseous species of
4. Which one of the following ions has electronic Mn3+, Cr 3+ and V3+ respectively are.
configuration [Ar] 3d 6 ? (a) 4, 3 and 2 (b) 3, 3 and 2
(a) Ni3+ (b) Mn 3+ (c) 4, 3 and 2 (d) 3, 3 and 3
(c) Fe3+ (d) Co3+ 15. The first element in the 3d-transition series is
(At. Nos. Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co = 27, Ni = 28) (a) Sc (b) Ti
5. Which of the following element does not belong to first (c) V (d) Ca
transition series? 16. Which of the following has more unpaired d-electrons?
(a) Fe (b) V
(c) Ag (d) Cu
(a) Zn (b) Fe 2
6. n 1 d 10 ns 2 is the general electronic configuration of (c) Ni (d) Cu
(a) Fe, Co, Ni (b) Cu, Ag, Au 17. The number of unpaired electrons in a nickel atom in ground
(c) Zn, Cd, Hg (d) Se, Y, La state are At. No. of Ni 28
7. The last electron in d-block elements goes to
(a) (n-1) d (b) nd (a) 2 (b) 5
(c) np (d) (n-1) s (c) 3 (d) 7
8. The elements which exhibit both vertical and horizontal 18. Which one of the following is an example of non-typical
similarites are transition elements ?
(a) inert gas elements (b) representative elements (a) Li, K, Na (b) Be, Al, Pb
(c) rare elements (d) transition elements (c) Zn, Cd, Hg (d) Ba, Ga, Sr.
 EBD_7207
368 THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
19. Which of the following has the maximum number of unpaired 32. Iron exhibits +2 and + 3 oxidation states. Which of the
electrons? following statements about iron is incorrect ?
(a) Ti2+ (b) Fe2+ (a) Ferrous oxide is more basic in nature than the ferric
(c) Cr+ (d) Cu+ oxide.
20. The outer electronic configuration of Ag is 4d 10 5s1, it (b) Ferrous compounds are relatively more ionic than the
belongs to corresponding ferric compounds.
(a) 5th period, group 4 (b) 4th period, group 5 (c) Ferrous compounds are less volatile than the
(c) 5 period, group 11 (d) 6th period, group 9
th
corresponding ferric compounds.
21. Manganese belongs to (d) Ferrous compounds are more easily hydrolysed than
(a) 1st transition series (b) 2nd transition series the corresponding ferric compounds.
rd
(c) 3 transition series (d) 4th transition series 33. Four successive members of the first row transition
22. The no. of unpaired electrons in Mn7+ ions elements are listed below with their atomic numbers.
(At. no. of Mn = 25) is Which one of them is expected to have the highest third
(a) 0 (b) 1 ionization enthalpy?
(c) 2 (d) 3 (a) Vanadium (Z = 23) (b) Chromium (Z = 24)
23. Which one of the following species is paramagnetic? (c) Manganese (Z = 25) (d) Iron (Z = 26)
(a) N2 (b) Co 34. Of the following outer electronic configurations of atoms,
(c) Cu+ (d) Zn the highest oxidation state is achieved by which one of
24. Which of the following species is/are paramagnetic? them ?
Fe2+, Zn0, Hg2+, Ti4+ (a) (n – 1)d 3 ns2 (b) (n – 1)d 5 ns1
(a) Fe2+ only (b) Zn 0 and Ti4+ 8
(c) (n – 1)d ns 2 (d) (n – 1)d 5 ns2
2+
(c) Fe and Hg 2+ (d) Zn 0 and Hg2+ 35. For d block elements the first ionization potential is of the
25. In first transition series, the melting point of Mn is low order
because (a) Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr (b) Sc = Ti < V = Cr
(a) due to d10 configuration, metallic bonds are strong (c) Zn < Cu < Ni < Co (d) V > Cr > Mn > Fe
(b) due to d7 configuration, metallic bonds are weak 36. Which of the following does not represent the correct order
(c) due to d5 configuration, metallic bonds are weak of the properties indicated ?
(d) None of these (a) Ni2+ > Cr2+ > Fe2+ > Mn2+ (size)
26. The transition metals have a less tendency to form (b) Sc > Ti > Cr > Mn (size)
ions due to
(c) Mn2+ > Ni2+ < Co2+ <Fe2+ (unpaired electron)
(a) high ionisation energy
(d) Fe2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+ (unpaired electron)
(b) low heat of hydration of ions
37. Zinc and mercury do not show variable valency like d-block
(c) high heat of sublimation
elements because
(d) All of these
27. The common oxidation states of Ti are (a) they are soft
(a) + 2 and + 3 (b) + 3 and + 4 (b) their d-shells are complete
(c) – 3 and – 4 (d) + 2, + 3 and + 4 (c) they have only two electrons in the outermost subshell
28. Maximum oxidation state is shown by (d) their d-shells are incomplete
(a) Os (b) Mn 38. Which of the following transition element shows the
(c) Co (d) Cr highest oxidation state ?
29. Which one of the elements with the following outer orbital (a) Mn (b) Fe
configurations may exhibit the largest number of oxidation (c) V (d) Cr
states? 39. Which of the following elements does not show vari able
(a) 3d 54s1 (b) 3d 54s2 oxidation states?
(c) 3d 4s 2 2 (d) 3d 34s2 (a) Copper (b) Iron
30. Which of the following pairs has the same size? (c) Zinc (d) Titanium
40. Which one of the following transition elements does not
(a) Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ (b) Zr 4+ , Ti 4+
exhibit variable oxidation state?
(c) Zr 4+ , Hf 4+ (d) Zn 2+ , Hf 4+ (a) Ni (b) Cu
31. For the four successive transition elements (Cr, Mn, Fe and (c) Fe (d) Sc
Co), the stability of +2 oxidation state will be there in which 41. Electronic configuration of a transition element X in +3
of the following order? oxidation state is [Ar]3d5. What is its atomic number ?
(a) Mn > Fe > Cr > Co (b) Fe > Mn > Co > Cr (a) 25 (b) 26
(c) Co > Mn > Fe > Cr (d) Cr > Mn > Co > Fe (c) 27 (d) 24
THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS 369
42. Metallic radii of some transition elements are given below. 51. What is wrong about transition metals?
Which of these elements will have highest density ? (a) Diamagnetic
Element Fe Co Ni Cu (b) Paramagnetic
Metallic radii/pm 126 125 125 128 (c) Form complexes
(a) Fe (b) Ni (d) Shows variable oxidation state
(c) Co (d) Cu 52. Which of the following ions has the maximum magnetic
43. Transition metals mostly are moment?
(a) diamagnetic (a) Mn +2 (b) Fe+2
(b) paramagnetic (c) Ti 3+ (d) Cr+2.
(c) neither diamagnetic nor paramagnetic 53. Four successive members of the first row transition elements
(d) both diamagnetic and paramagnetic are listed below with atomic numbers. Which one of them is
44. Transition metals usually exhibit highest oxidation states in
their expected to have the highest E value ?
M3 / M 2
(a) chlorides (b) fluorides (a) Cr(Z = 24) (b) Mn(Z = 25)
(c) bromides (d) iodides (c) Fe(Z = 26) (d) Co(Z = 27)
45. Which of the following statements is incorrect? 54. Which one of the following ions exhibit highest magnetic
(a) Zn,Cd and Hg due to presence of completely filled moment?
d-orbitals [(n–1)d10ns2] are not studied along with
(a) Cu 2 (b) Ti3
other transition metals.
(b) Zn, Cd and Hg have low m.p and are comparitively (c) Ni 2 (d) Mn 2
softer than other transition metals.
(c) Metallic bond made by elements with d 5 configuration 55. A compound of a metal ion M x Z 24 has a spin
is stronger as compared to metalic bond made by only magnetic moment of 15 Bohr Magnetons. The
elements with d 3 configuration. number of unpaired electrons in the compound are
(d) Metals of 5d series forms strong metallic bonds as (a) 2 (b) 4
compared with metals of 3d series.
(c) 5 (d) 3
46. Which of the following is incorrect?
56. Titanium shows magnetic moment of 1.73 B.M. in its
(a) Mn shows oxidation state of +7 in MnF7 compound. What is the oxidation number of Ti in the
(b) Fe and Co shows +3 oxidation state in FeX3 and CoF3. compound?
(c) V shows oxidation state of + 5 in VF5. (a) +1 (b) +4
(d) Cu does not shows +2 oxidation state with I–. (c) +3 (d) +2
47. Which of the following is not correct about transition 57. Which of the following ions having following electronic
metals? structure would have maximum magnetic moment?
(a) Their melting and boiling points are high
(a) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 3
(b) Their compounds are generally coloured
(c) They can form ionic or covalent compounds (b) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 5
(d) They do not exhibit variable valency (c) 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 7
48. Transition elements
(a) have low melting point (d) 1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 9
(b) exhibit variable oxidation states 58. If n is the number of unpaired electrons, the magnetic
(c) do not form coloured ions moment (in BM) of transition metal/ion is given by
(d) show inert pair effect (a) n n 2 (b) 2n n 1
49. Which one of the following ions is the most stable in
aqueous solution? n n 2 2n n 1
(c) (d)
(a) V3+ (b) Ti3+
(c) Mn 3+ (d) Cr3+ 59. Which one of the following ions has the maximum
(At.No. Ti = 22, V = 23, Cr = 24, Mn = 25) magnetic moment?
50. Which one of the following does not correctly represent (a) Sc3+ (b) Ti3+
the correct order of the property indicated against it? (c) Cr3+ (d) Fe3+
(a) Ti < V < Cr < Mn : increasing number of oxidation 60. The magnetic nature of elements depend on the presence
states of unpaired electrons. Identify the configuration of
(b) Ti3+ < V3+ < Cr3+ < Mn3+ : increasing magnetic moment transition element, which shows highest magnetic moment.
(c) Ti < V < Cr < Mn : increasing melting points (a) 3d 7 (b) 3d 5
(c) 3d 8 (d) 3d 2
(d) Ti < V < Mn < Cr : increasing 2nd ionization enthalpy
 EBD_7207
370 THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
61. Transition elements show magnetic moment due to spin 73. Bronze is an alloy of
and orbital motion of electrons. Which of the following (a) Pb + Sn + Zn (b) Cu + Sn
metallic ions have almost same spin only magnetic moment ? (c) Pb + Zn (d) Cu + Zn
(i) Co2+ (ii) Cr2+ 74. An alloy of transition metal containing a non transition
(iii) Mn 2+ (iv) Cr3+ metal as a constituent is
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv) (a) invar (b) bronze
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv) (c) chrome steel (d) stainless steel
62. The aqueous solution containing which one of the
75. Choose the correct increasing order of the oxidation state
following ions will be colourless? (Atomic number:
of the central metal atom in the following oxoanions.
Sc = 21, Fe = 26, Ti = 22, Mn = 25)
(a) Sc3+ (b) Fe2+ VO2 , VO2 , TiO 2 , CrO 24
(c) Ti 3+ (d) Mn 2+
63. Transition elements form coloured ions due to (a) VO2 VO2 TiO 2 CrO 24
(a) d-d transition (b) fully filled d-orbitals
(c) smaller atomic radii (d) availability of s-electrons (b) VO2 TiO 2 VO 2 CrO 42
64. The catalytic activity of transition metals and their
compounds is mainly due to
(c) CrO 24 TiO 2 VO2 VO2
(a) their magnetic behaviour
(d) TiO 2 VO 2 VO 2 CrO 42
(b) their unfilled d-orbitals
(c) their ability to adopt variable oxidation state 76. Which of the following ion(s) is/are oxidising in nature?
(d) their chemical reactivity
65. Which of the following is colourless in water? (i) V2+ EM 2 / M 1.18

(a) Ti3 (b) V3 (ii) Mn3 E 1.57

M3 / M 2
(c) Cu 3 (d) Sc3
66. Which group contains coloured ions out of (iii) Cr 2 E 0.91
M2 / M
2 4
(i) Cu (ii) Ti (a) (i) and (iii) (b) only (ii)
2
(iii) Co (iv) Fe 2 (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) only (iii)
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (b) (i), (iii), (iv) 77. Which of the following transition metal ion is colourless in
(c) (ii), (iii) (d) (i), (ii) aqueous solution?
67. Which of the following statements about the interstitial (a) Ti4+ (b) Zn 2+
compounds is incorrect ? (c) V 4+ (d) Both (a) and (b)
(a) They are chemically reactive. 78. Transition metals show catalytic activity
(b) They are much harder then the pure metal. (a) Due to their ability to form complexes.
(c) They have higher melting points than the pure metal. (b) Due to their ability to show multiple oxidation state.
(d) They retain metallic conductivity. (c) Due to availabiltiy of d orbitals for bond formation.
68. Formation of interstitial compound makes the transition (d) Both (a) and (b).
metal
79. Which of the following transition metal on catalysis the
(a) more soft (b) more ductile
reaction between iodide and persulphate ion?
(c) more metallic (d) more hard
(a) Fe2+ (b) Fe3+
69. If a non metal is added to the interstital sites of a metal, then 2+
(c) Ni (d) Both (a) and (c)
the metal becomes
(a) softer (b) less tensile 80. Which of the following reactions are disproportionation
(c) less malleable (d) more ductile reactions ?
70. Gun metal is an alloy of (i) Cu Cu 2 Cu
(a) Cu and Al (b) Cu and Sn
(c) Cu, Zn and Sn (d) Cu, Zn and Ni (ii) 3MnO 4 4H 2MnO4 MnO 2 2H 2 O
71. Brass is an alloy of
(a) Zn and Sn (b) Zn and Cu (iii) 2KMnO 4 K 2 MnO4 MnO 2 O 2
(c) Cu, Zn and Sn (d) Cu and Sn
(iv) 2MnO 4 3Mn 2 2H 2O 5MnO 2 4H
72. Which one of the following is coinage metal ?
(a) Zn (b) Cu (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) Sn (d) Pb. (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS 371
81. In the form of dichromate, Cr (VI) is a strong oxidising agent 91. In neutral or faintly alkaline medium, thiosulphate is
in acidic medium but Mo (VI) in MoO3 and W (VI) in WO3 quantitatively oxidized by KMnO4 to
are not because ____________ . (a) SO32– (b) SO42–
(i) Cr (VI) is more stable than Mo(VI) and W (VI). (c) SO2 (d) SO52–
(ii) Mo (VI) and W(VI) are more stable than Cr(VI). 92. KMnO4 can be prepared from K2MnO4 as per the reaction:
(iii) Higher oxidation states of heavier members of group-
6 of transition series are more stable. 3MnO 24 2H 2 O 2MnO24 MnO2 + 4OH
(iv) Lower oxidation states of heavier members of group-6 The reaction can go to completion by removing OH– ions
of transition series are more stable. by adding.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (a) KOH (b) CO2
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv) (c) SO2 (d) HCl
82. K2Cr2O7 on heating with aqueous NaOH gives 93. In the laboratory, manganese (II) salt is oxidised to
permanganate ion in aqueous solution by
(a) CrO 24 (b) Cr(OH)3
(a) hydrogen peroxide (b) conc. nitric acid
(c) Cr2O 72 (d) Cr(OH)2 (c) peroxy disulphate (d) dichromate
94. The starting material for the manufacture of KMnO4 is
83. CrO3 dissolves in aqueous NaOH to give
(a) pyrolusite (b) manganite
(a) Cr2O72– (b) CrO42–
(c) magnatite (d) haematite
(c) Cr(OH)3 (d) Cr(OH)2 95. An explosion take place when conc. H2SO4 is added to
84. The oxidation state of chromium in the final product formed KMnO4. Which of the following is formed?
by the reaction between KI and acidified potassium
dichromate solution is (a) Mn 2O7 (b) MnO 2
(a) + 3 (b) + 2 (c) MnSO4 (d) M 2O3
(c) + 6 (d) + 4 96. If KMnO4 is reduced by oxalic acid in an acidic medium
85. The bonds present in the structure of dichromate ion are then oxidation number of Mn changes from
(a) four equivalent Cr – O bonds only (a) 4 to 2 (b) 6 to 4
(b) six equivalent Cr – O bonds and one O – O bond (c) +7 to +2 (d) 7 to 4
(c) six equivalent Cr – O bonds and one Cr – Cr bond 97. KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent in alkaline medium. When
(d) six equivalent Cr – O bonds and one Cr – O – Cr bond alkaline KMnO4 is treated with KI, iodide ion is oxidised to
86. Potassium dichromate when heated with concentrated ________ .
sulphuric acid and a soluble chloride, gives brown-red
(a) I2 (b) IO
vapours of
(a) CrO3 (b) CrCl3 (c) IO3 (d) IO4
(c) CrO2Cl2 (d) Cr2O3
98. On the basis of data given below,
87. The acidic, basic or amphoteric nature of Mn2O7, V2O5 and
CrO are respectively E 0.37 , E 1.57
Sc3 /Sc2 Mn 3 /Mn 2
(a) acidic, acidic and basic
(b) basic, amphoteric and acidic E 0.90 , E 0.34
Cr 2 /Cr Cu 2 /Cu
(c) acidic, amphoteric and basic
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(d) acidic, basic and amphoteric
(a) Sc 3+ has good stability due of [Ar]3d 0 4s 0
88. Which of the following oxides of Cr is amphoteric configuration.
(a) CrO2 (b) Cr2O3 (b) Mn3+ is more stable than Mn 2+.
(c) CrO5 (d) CrO3 (c) Cr2+ is reducing in nature.
89. Which of the following is amphoteric oxide ? (d) Copper does not give H2 on reaction with dil. H2SO4.
Mn 2 O7 , CrO3 , Cr2O3 ,CrO, V2 O5 , V2 O4 99. Which of the following is most acidic?
(a) Mn 2O7 (b) V2O5
(a) V2 O5 , Cr2 O3 (b) Mn 2 O7 , CrO3
(c) Fe2O3 (d) Cr2O3
(c) CrO, V2 O5 (d) V2O5 , V2 O 4 100. Which of the following is the use of potassium
permanganate?
90. When acidified K 2Cr2 O7 solution is added to Sn2+ salts
(a) Bleaching of wool, cotton and silk fibers.
then Sn2+ changes to (b) decolourisation of oils.
(a) Sn (b) Sn3+ (c) In analytical chemistry.
(c) Sn4+ (d) Sn+ (d) All of these.
 EBD_7207
372 THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
101. Which of the following is not correctly matched? 110. Lanthanum is grouped with f-block elements because
Compound of Use (a) it has partially filled f-orbitals
transition metal (b) it is just before Ce in the periodic table
(a) TiO Pigment industry (c) it has both partially filled f and d-orbitals
(d) properties of lanthanum are very similar to the elements
(b) MnO2 Dry battery cell
of f-block
(c) V2O5 Manufacture of H2SO4
111. A reduction in atomic size with increase in atomic number is
(d) PdCl2 Manufacture of polyethylene a characteristic of elements of
102. A series1 metal ion , M(II) aqueous solution react with the (a) high atomic masses (b) d-block
KI to form iodine and a precipitate is formed, this M(II) can (c) f-block (d) radioactive series
be: 112. Which of the following oxidation states is the most common
(a) Zn2+ (b) Mn 2+ among the lanthanoids?
(c) Cu2+ (d) Ni2+ (a) 3 (b) 4
103. Total number of inner transition elements in the periodic (c) 2 (d) 5
table is 113. Identify the incorrect statement among the following:
(a) 10 (b) 14 (a) 4f and 5f orbitals are equally shielded.
(c) 28 (d) 30 (b) d-Block elements show irregular and erratic chemical
104. Which of the following ions will exhibit colour in aqueous properties among themselves.
solutions? (c) La and Lu have partially filled d-orbitals and no other
partially filled orbitals.
(a) La 3+ (Z = 57) (b) Ti3+ (Z = 22) (d) The chemistry of various lanthanoids is very similar.
114. In context of the lanthanoids, which of the following
(c) Lu 3+ (Z = 71) (d) Sc3+ (Z = 21) statements is not correct?
105. The lanthanoide contraction is responsible for the fact that (a) There is a gradual decrease in the radii of the members
(a) Zr and Y have about the same radius with increasing atomic number in the series.
(b) Zr and Nb have similar oxidation state (b) All the members exhibit +3 oxidation state.
(c) Zr and Hf have about the same radius (c) Because of similar properties the separation of
(d) Zr and Zn have the same oxidation state lanthanoids is not easy.
(d) Availability of 4f electrons results in the formation of
(Atomic numbers : Zr = 40, Y = 39, Nb = 41, Hf = 72, Zn = 30)
compounds in +4 state for all the members of the series.
106. Which one of the following elements shows maximum
115. The outer electronic configuration of Gd (Atomic No. : 64) is
number of different oxidation states in its compounds?
(a) 4f 3 5d5 6s2 (b) 4f 8 5d 0 6s2
(a) Eu (b) La 4
(c) 4f 5d 6s 4 2 (d) 4f 7 5d 1 6s2
(c) Gd (d) Am 116. The correct order of ionic radii of Y3+, La3+, Eu3+ and Lu3+
107. Lanthanoids are is
(a) 14 elements in the sixth period (atomic no. = 90 to 103)
that are filling 4f sublevel
(a) La 3 Eu 3 Lu 3 Y3
(b) 14 elements in the seventh period (atomic no. = 90 to (b) Y3 La 3 Eu 3 Lu 3
103) that are filling 5f sublevel
(c) Y3 Lu 3 Eu 3 La 3
(c) 14 elements in the sixth period (atomic no. = 58 to 71)
that are filling 4f sublevel (d) Lu 3 Eu 3 La 3 Y3
(d) 14 elements in the seventh period (atomic no. = 58 to (Atomic nos. Y =39, La = 57, Eu = 63, Lu = 71)
71) that are filling 4f sublevel 117. Which of the following lanthanoid ions is diamagnetic ?
108. Which of the following factors may be regarded as the main (At nos. Ce = 58, Sm = 62, Eu = 63, Yb = 70)
cause of lanthanoide contraction? (a) Sm2+ (b) Eu2+
(a) Greater shielding of 5d electrons by 4f electrons (c) Yb 2+ (d) Ce2+
(b) Poorer shielding of 5d electrons by 4f electrons 118. Lanthanide contraction can be observed in
(c) Effective shielding of one of 4f electrons by another in (a) At (b) Gd
the subshell (c) Ac (d) Lw
(d) Poor shielding of one of 4f electron by another in the 119. The approximate percentage of iron in mischmetal is
subshell (a) 10 (b) 20
(c) 50 (d) 5
109. Lanthanoid which has the smallest size in +3 state is
120. The most common lanthanide is
(a) Tb (b) Er
(a) lanthanum (b) cerium
(c) Ce (d) Lu (c) samarium (d) plutonium
THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS 373
121. Non-lanthanide atom is 133. The increasing order of the shielding of electrons by the
(a) La (b) Lu orbitals ns,np,nd,nf is
(c) Pr (d) Pm (a) ns,np,nd,nf (b) np,ns,nd,nf
122. In which of the following lanthanides oxidation state +2 is (c) nd,nf,np,ns (d) nf,nd.np,ns
most stable? 134. Which of the following in its oxidation state shows the
(a) Ce (b) Eu paramagnetism ?
(c) Tb (d) Dy (a) Tb(IV) (b) Lu(III)
123. Actinoides
(c) Ce(IV) (d) La(III)
(a) are all synthetic elements
(b) include element 104 STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
(c) have any short lived isotopes
135. Mark the correct statement(s).
(d) have variable valency
124. Which of the following exhibit only + 3 oxidation state ? (i) Manganese exhibits +7 oxidation state
(a) U (b) Th (ii) Zinc forms coloured ions
(c) Ac (d) Pa (iii) [CoF6]3– is diamagnetic
125. Larger number of oxidation states are exhibited by the (iv) Sc forms +4 oxidation state
actinoids than those by the lanthanoids, the main reason (v) Zn exhibits only +2 oxidation state
being (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (v)
(a) 4f orbitals more diffused than the 5f orbitals (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)
(b) lesser energy difference between 5f and 6d than 136. Which of the following statements are correct ?
between 4f and 5d orbitals
(i) The maximum oxidation state of Mn with the oxygen is
(c) more energy difference between 5f and 6d than between
+VII while with fluorine is +IV.
4f and 5d orbitals
(ii) Fluorine is more oxidizing in nature than oxygen.
(d) more reactive nature of the actionids than the
lanthanoids (iii) Fluorine exhibit an oxidation state of –1.
126. The maximum oxidation state exhibited by actinide ions is (iv) Seven fluorine cannot be accommodated around Mn.
(a) +5 (b) +4 (a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) +7 (d) +8 (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
127. There are 14 elements in actinoid series. Which of the (c) (i) and (iv)
following elements does not belong to this series ? (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(a) U (b) Np 137. Which of the following statements are correct ?
(c) Tm (d) Fm (i) Chromium has the highest melting point among the
128. Which of the following actinoids show oxiation states upto series 1 metals.
+7 ?
(ii) Number of unpaired electrons is greater in Cr than other
(i) Am (ii) Pu
elements of series 1.
(iii) U (iv) Np
(iii) In any row the melting point of transition metal
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
increases as the atomic number increases.
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii)
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (ii)
129. Which of the following lanthanoid element is steel hard in
nature? (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(a) Eu (b) Pm 138. Read the following statements?
(c) Sm (d) Ce (i) Aqueous solutions formed by all ions of Ti are
130. What is the percentage of lanthanoid metal in mischmetall? colourless.
(a) 90% (b) 20% (ii) Aqueous solution of ferrous ions is green in colour.
(c) 5% (d) 95% (iii) Small size and presence of vacant d-orbitals make
131. Which of the following is the use of mischmetall ? transition metal ions suitable for formation of complex
(a) In bullets compounds.
(b) In lighter flint (iv) Catalytic action of transition metals involves the
(c) As catalyst in petroleum cracking increase of reactant concentration at catalyst surface
(d) Both (a) and (b) and weakening of the bonds in the reacting molecules.
132. Which of the following actinoid element has 5f 7 6d1 7s2 Which of the following is the correct code for above
configuration? statements?
(a) Bk (b) Cm (a) FTTT (b) TFFT
(c) Pa (d) No (c) TFTT (d) FFTT
 EBD_7207
374 THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
139. Which of the following statements are correct? Which of the following is the correct code for the statements
(i) Interstitial compounds contain non-metal atoms above?
trapped inside the metal crystal whereas alloys are (a) FTTT (b) TFTT
homogeneous blend of metals. (c) TFFT (d) FFTT
(ii) Steel and bronze are alloys of transition and non- 144. Which of the following statement(s) regarding Hf and Zr
transition metals. is/are correct ?
(iii) Some boride containing interstitial compounds are very (i) Hf has greater density than Zr.
hard comparable to that of diamond. (ii) Lanthanoid contraction is responsible for such radii.
(iv) Interstitial compounds are chemically more reactive (a) Both (i) and (ii) are correct.
than parent metal. (b) Both (i) and (ii) are incorrect
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) Statement (i) is correct only
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) Statement (ii) is correct only.
140. Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) As a result of lanthanoid contraction members of 4d MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
and 5d series exhibit similar radii.
145. Match the columns
(ii) IE2 is high for Cr and Cu whereas IE3 is very high for
Zn. Column-I Column -II
(iii) Heavier members of d-block elements like p-block (A) Metal of the 3d-series which (p) Manganese
elements favours lower oxidation states. does not form MO type oxide.
(iv) In any transition series maximum number of oxidation (B) Metal of the 3d-series which (q) Vanadium
states is shown by middle elements or elements near forms most covalent oxide.
middle elements. (C) Metal of the 3d-series which (r) Scandium
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) forms the amphoteric oxide.
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv) (a) A – (p), B – (r), C – (q)
141. Consider the following statements (b) A – (r), B – (p), C – (q)
(i) La(OH)3 is the least basic among hydroxides of (c) A – (r), B – (q), C – (p)
lanthanides. (d) A – (q), B – (p), C – (r)
(ii) Zr4+ and Hf4+ posses almost the same ionic radii. 146. Match the columns
(iii) Ce4+ can as an oxidizing agent. Column-I Column-II
Which of the above is/are true ? (Ion) (M calculated)
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (A) Ti2+ (p) 2.84
(c) (ii) only (d) (i) and (ii) (B) Zn2+ (q) 5.92
142. Read the following statements. (C) Mn 2+ (r) 0
(i) Chemistry of actinoids is complex in comparsion to (D) Sc3+ (s) 4.90
chemistry of lanthanoids. (a) A – (s), B – (p), C – (q), D – (r).
(ii) Ce4+ is very good reducing agent. (b) A – (r), B – (p), C – (q), D – (s).
(iii) Eu2+ is a strong reducing agent. (c) A – (p), B – (r), C – (q), D – (s).
(iv) Out of all lanthanides Ce,Pr,Nd,Dy and Ho shows +4 (d) A – (p), B – (s), C – (q), D – (r).
oxidation state. 147. Match the columns
Which of the following is the correct code for the statements Column-I Column-II
above? (A) Compound formed when (p) acidified
(a) TTFF (b) TFTF yellow CrO24 is acidified. MnO4
(c) FTFT (d) FTTF
143. Read the following statements? (B) reagent oxidises Fe2+ to Fe3+ (q) Cr2 O72
(i) Only Pu show maximum oxidation state of +7 in
(C) Compound produced when (r) K2MnO4
actinoids.
MnO2 is fused with KNO3
(ii) M4+ ion of Th is the only diamagnetic M4+ ion of
(D) Compound having dark (s) KMnO4
actinoid series.
purple crystals isostructural
(iii) Electrons present in the 5f orbitals of actinides can
with KClO4
participate in bonding to a firm greater extent as
compared to electrons present in 4f orbitals of (a) A – (q),B – (p), C – (r), D – (s)
lanthanides. (a) A – (p),B – (q), C – (r), D – (s)
(iv) Magnetic properties of actinoids are more complex (a) A – (q),B – (r), C – (p), D – (s)
than lanthanoids (a) A – (q),B – (p), C – (s), D – (r)
THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS 375
148. Match the columns 154. The electronic configuration of Cu(II) is 3d9 whereas that
Column-I Column-II of Cu(I) is 3d10. Which of the following is correct ?
(A) Lanthanide hard as steel. (p) Lu (a) Cu (II) is more stable
(B) Lanthanide with maximum (q) Tb (b) Cu (II) is less stable
paramagnetic character in (c) Cu (I) and (II) are equally stable
Ln4+ state. (d) Stability of Cu (I) and Cu (II) depends on nature of
(C) Lanthanide with maximum (r) Sm copper salts
value of E° for reaction 155. Highest oxidation state of manganese in fluoride is +4
(MnF4) but highest oxidation state in oxides is +7 (Mn2O7)
Ln3+(aq)+3e– Ln(s). because _______.
(D) Lanthanide whose Ln 3+ ion is (s) Eu (a) fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen.
diamagnetic in nature (b) fluorine does not possess d-orbitals.
(a) A – (r), B – (s), C – (p), D – (q) (c) fluorine stabilises lower oxidation state.
(b) A – (r), B – (q), C – (s), D – (p) (d) in covalent compounds fluorine can form single bond
(c) A – (s), B – (r), C – (q), D – (p) only while oxygen forms double bond.
(d) A – (r), B – (s), C – (q), D – (p) 156. Four successive members of the first series of the transition
metals are listed below. For which one of them the standard
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS º
potential E M 2 /M
value has a positive sign?
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements,
Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four (a) Co (Z = 27) (b) Ni (Z = 28)
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You (c) Cu (Z = 29) (d) Fe (Z = 26)
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below. 157. The standard redox potentials for the reactions
Mn2+ + 2e– Mn and Mn3+ + e– Mn2+ are –1.18 V and
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct
1.51 V respectively. What is the redox potential for the
explanation for assertion.
reaction Mn3+ + 3e– Mn?
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
(a) 0.33 V (b) 1.69 V
correct explanation for assertion
(c) – 0.28 V (d) – 0.85 V
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
158. Which one of the following transition metal ions shows
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct. magnetic moment of 5.92 BM?
149. Assertion : Cuprous ion (Cu+) has unpaired electrons while (a) Mn 2+ (b) Ti3+
cupric ion (Cu++) does not. (c) Cr 3+ (d) Cu2+
Reason : Cuprous ion (Cu+) is colourless whereas cupric 159. In the following salts the lowest value of magnetic moment
ion (Cu++) is blue in the aqueous solution is observed in
150. Assertion : Transition metals show variable valency. (a) MnSO4. 4H2O (b) CuSO4.5H2O
Reason : Transition metals have a large energy difference (c) FeSO4.6H2O (d) ZnSO4.7H2O
between the ns2 and (n – 1)d electrons. 160. In which of the following pairs both the ions are coloured in
151. Assertion : Transition metals are good catalysts. aqueous solutions ?
Reason : V2O5 or Pt is used in the preparation of H2SO4 by (a) Sc3+, Ti3+ (b) Sc3+, Co2+
contact process. 2+
(c) Ni , Cu + (d) Ni2+, Ti3+
152. Assertion : Magnetic moment values of actinides are lesser (At. no. : Sc = 21, Ti = 22, Ni = 28, Cu = 29, Co = 27)
than the theoretically predicted values. 161. For the ions Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ which among the following
Reason : Actinide elements are strongly paramagnetic. statements is correct?
(atomic number of Zn = 30, Ni = 28 and Cr = 24)
CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS (a) All these are colourless
(b) All these are coloured
153. Among the following series of transition metal ions, the
(c) Only Ni2+ is coloured and Zn2+ and Cr3+ are colourless
one where all metal ions have 3d2 electronic configuration
(d) Only Zn2+ is colourless and Ni2+ and Cr3+ are coloured
is (At. nos. Ti = 22; V = 23; Cr = 24; Mn = 25)
162. Cuprous ion is colourless while cupric ion is coloured
(a) 3 2 3 4 because
Ti , V , Cr , Mn
(a) both have half filled p-and d-orbitals
(b) Ti , V 4 , Cr 6 , Mn 7 (b) cuprous ion has incomplete d-orbital and cupric ion
has a complete d-orbital
(c) Ti 4 , V 3 , Cr 2 , Mn 3 (c) both have unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals
(d) cuprous ion has complete d-orbital and cupric ion has
(d) Ti 2 , V 3 , Cr 4 , Mn 5
an imcomplete d-orbital.
 EBD_7207
376 THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
163. The colour of the following ions V2+, V3+, V4+, Fe2+, Fe3+ 172. Which of the following oxidising reaction of KMnO4 occurs
are respectively in acidic medium?
(a) green, violet, blue, green, yellow (i) Fe2+ (green) is converted to Fe3+ (yellow).
(b) yellow, green, violet, green, blue (ii) Iodide is converted to iodate.
(c) violet, green, yellow, green, blue (iii) Thiosulphate oxidised to sulphate.
(d) yellow, green, blue, green, violet (iv) Nitrite is oxidised to nitrate.
164. Which of the following arrangements does not represent (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv)
the correct order of the property stated against it ? (c) (iv) only (d) (ii) and (iv)
(a) V2+ < Cr2+ < Mn2+ < Fe2+ : Paramagnetic behaviour 173. Arrange the following increasing order of acidic character?
(b) Ni2+ < Co2+ < Fe2+ < Mn2+ : Ionic size Mn2O7(A), Mn2O3(B), MnO(C)?
(c) Co3+ < Fe3+ < Cr 3+ < Sc3+ : Stability in aqueous (a) C, A, B (b) A, C, B
solution (c) B, A, C (d) C, B, A
(d) Sc < Ti < Cr < Mn : Number of oxidation states 174. Solution of oxalate is colourless. It is made acidic by adding
165. Acidified K2Cr2O7 solution turns green when Na2SO3 is excess of H+, then titrated with KMnO4. Now at a moment
added to it. This is due to the formation of : if someone has added large amount of KMnO4, in it then
(a) Cr2(SO4)3 (b) CrO42– no. of possible products are
(c) Cr2(SO3)3 (d) CrSO4 (a) CO2, Mn2+, H2O (b) CO2, MnO2, H2O
166. Which of the statements is not true? (c) MnO2, H2O, CO2 (d) CO2, MnO2, H2O, Mn2+
(a) On passing H2S through acidified K2Cr2O7 solution, 175. Knowing that the chemistry of lanthanoids(Ln) is dominated
a milky colour is observed. by its + 3 oxidation state, which of the following statements
(b) Na2Cr2O7 is preferred over K2Cr2O7 in volumetric is incorrect?
analysis. (a) The ionic size of Ln (III) decrease in general with
(c) K2Cr2O7 solution in acidic medium is orange. increasing atomic number
(d) K2Cr2O7 solution becomes yellow on increasing the (b) Ln (III) compounds are generally colourless.
pH beyond 7. (c) Ln (III) hydroxide are mainly basic in character.
167. Which one of the following is an amphoteric oxide ? (d) Because of the large size of the Ln (III) ions the bonding
(i) Mn 2O7 (ii) CrO in its compounds is predominantly ionic in character.
(iii) V2O4 (iv) Cr2O3 176. The +3 ion of which one of the following has half filled 4f
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) subshell?
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv) (a) La (b) Lu
168. Among the oxides, Mn 2O7 (I), V2O3 (II), V2O5 (III), CrO (c) Gd (d) Ac
(IV) and Cr 2O3 (V) the basic oxides are 177. Although + 3 is the characteristic oxidation state for
(a) I and II (b) II and III lanthanoids but cerium also shows + 4 oxidation state
(c) III and IV (d) II and IV because _________ .
169. When a small amount of KMnO4 is added to concentrated (i) it has variable ionisation enthalpy
H2SO4, a green oily compound is obtained which is highly (ii) it has a tendency to attain noble gas configuration
explosive in nature. Compound may be (iii) it has a tendency to attain f 0 configuration
(a) MnSO4 (b) Mn 2O7 (iv) it resembles Pb4+
(c) MnO2 (d) Mn 2O3 (a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv)
170. Identify the product and its colour when MnO2 is fused (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
with solid KOH in the presence of O2. 178. Dichromate [Cr(VI) ] is a strong oxidizing agent whereas
(a) KMnO4, purple (b) K2MnO4, dark green Mo(VI) and W(VI) are found to be not. This is due to
(c) MnO, colourless (d) Mn2O3, brown (a) Lanthanoid contraction
171. When KMnO4 solution is added to oxalic acid solution, the (b) Down the group metallic character increases
decolourisation is slow in the beginning but becomes (c) Down the group metallic character decreases
instantaneous after some time because (d) Both (a) and (b)
(a) CO2 is formed as the product. 179. Which of the following conversions can be carried out by
(b) reaction is exothermic. both acidified K2Cr2O4 and acidified KMnO4?
(c) MnO4 catalyses the reaction.
(i) Fe2+ Fe3+ + e– (ii) I–
(iii) I– I2 (iv) H2S S
(d) Mn 2 acts as autocatalyst.
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS 377

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 16. (b) Zn [Ar]3d10 4s1,Fe 2 [Ar]3d 6 4s0 , Ni [Ar]3d 8 4s1,
1. (c) General electronic configuration of transition elements
Cu [Ar]3d10 4s 0 ;
1 10 1 2
is ( n 1) d ns
Fe 2 contain maximum number of unpaired electrons.
2. (b) Cr (24) = 1s , 2 s2 2 p 6 , 3s 2 3 p 6 , 3d 5 , 4 s1 ,
2

3. (b) Configuration of Fe ( Z = 26) 17. (a) Ni 28 Ni Ar 3d8 4s 2 contain 2 unpaired electrons.

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d 6, 4s2 18. (c) Zn, Cd, Hg do not show properties of transition
4. (d) Ni 3+
: [Ar] 3d 7 elements hence they are known as non typical
transition elements.
Mn3+ : [Ar] 3d 4 19. (c) The outer electronic configuration of the given ions is
as
Fe3+ : [Ar] 3d 5
Co3+ : [Ar] 3d 6 d s
5. (c) Ag belongs to second transition series. Ti2+
6. (c) 7. (a) d s
8. (d) Transition elements due to similar (almost) sizes exhibit Fe2+
both vertical and horizontal similarities. d s
9. (a) Group number is given by ns n 1 d electrons. Cr+
2 3 5 d s
Cu+
10. (a) 3d series starts from Sc Z 21 and ends with
Zn(Z –30).
20. (c) 21. (a)
11. (d) Since transition metals can lose electrons from
22. (a) Mn7+ = 25 – 7 = 18e– = [Ar]
n 1 d ns orbitals hence they are valence orbitals. 0 unpaired electrons.
12. (b) Atomic no. of Ni = 28
23. (b) Co [Ar]3d 7 4s 2
Ni (Ground state) = 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d 8, 4s2,

2 2 6 2 6 8 0
Ni 2 = 1s , 2s , 2p , 3s , 3p , 3d , 4s
Since it contains three unpaired electrons. Hence it is
3d
paramagnetic.
24. (a) The outermost electronic configuration of Fe is
It has 2 unpaired electrons Fe = [Ar] 3d6 4s2
13. (c) Cerium (Ce) belongs to lanthanide series and is member Fe2+ = [Ar] 3d6 4s0
of inner-transition metals.
14. (c) Mn3+ = [Ar]3d4
= [Ar] Since Fe2+ has 4 unpaired electrons it is paramagnetic
in nature.
Number of unpaired electrons = 4 Zn = [Ar] 3d10 4s2 —— no unpaired e–
Cr3+ = [Ar]3d3 Hg2+ = [Ar] 4f 14 5d10 —— no unpaired e–
= [Ar] Ti4+ = [Ar] 3d0 4s0 —— no unpaired e–
No. of unpaired electrons = 3 25. (c) Due to d 5 configuration, Mn has exactly half filled
V3+ = [Ar]3d2 d-orbitals. As a result the electronic configuration is
stable means 3d electrons are more tightly held by the
= [Ar] nucleus and this reduces the delocalization of electrons
No. of unpaired electrons = 2 resulting in weaker metallic bonding.
15. (a) 26. (d) All statements are correct.
 EBD_7207
378 THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
27. (d) The minimum oxidation state in transition metal is equal 37. (b) 30Zn and 80Hg have their d orbitals completely filled
to the number of electrons in 4s shell and the maximum so they do not show any variable valency.
oxidation state is equal to the sum of the 4s and 3d 38. (a) Highest O.S. by Mn (+7)
electrons. 39. (c) Zinc does not show variable oxidation state due to
Ti = [Ar] 3d24s2 completely filled d-orbitals.
Hence minimum oxidation state is +2 and maximum 40. (d) Sc does not show variable valency.
oxidation state is +4. Thus the common oxidation states 41. (b) 42. (d)
of Ti are +2, +3 and +4 43. (b) Transition metals are generally paramagnetic since they
28. (a) Os shows maximum oxidation state of +8. contain unpaired electrons.
44. (b) Since reduction potential of fluorine is highest
29. (b) Mn - 3d 5 4s2
transition metals exhibit highest oxidation state with
The no. of various oxidation states possible are + 2, fluorine.
+ 3, + 4, + 5, + 6 and + 7. 45. (a) Zn, Cd and Hg due to presence of completely filled
30. (c) Due to lanthanide contraction, the size of Zr and Hf d-orbitals in ground state as well as in their common
(atom and ions) become nearly similar. oxidation states are not regarded as a transition metals
31. (a) but they are studied along with the transition metals.
32. (d) Fe3+ is easily hydrolysed than Fe2+ due to more 46. (a) The +7 oxidation state of Mn is not represented in
positive charge. simple halides but MnO3F is known
33. (c) Electronic configuration 47. (d) Transition metals exhibit variable valency
3d 4s 48. (b) In transition metals d electrons also take part in
V2+ –3d 3 4s0 bonding, so they show variable oxidation states.
49. (d) For chromium ion + 3 oxidation state is most stable.
Cr – 3d 4 4s0 50. (c) The melting points of the transition element first rise
Mn – 3d 5 4s0 to a maximum and then fall as the atomic number
increases manganese have abnormally low melting
Fe – 3d 6 4s0 point.
For third ionization enthalpy Mn has stable 51. (a) They may or may not be diamagnetic
configuration due to half filled d-orbital. 52. (a) Mn++ –5 unpaired electrons
34. (d) (n – 1)d 5ns2 attains the maximum O.S. of + 7. Fe++ – 4 unpaired electrons
35. (a) The ionisation energies increase with increase in Ti++ – 2 unpaired electrons
atomic number. However, the trend is some irregular Cr++ – 4 unpaired electrons
among d-block elements. On the basis of electronic Hence maximum no. of unpaired electron is present in
configuration, the Mn++.
Zn : 1s 2 2s 2 p 6 3s 2 p6 d 10 4s 2 Magnetic moment µ number of unpaired electrons
53. (d) E 3 2 = – 0.41 V
E 3 2 = + 0.77 V
Cr / Cr Fe / Fe
Fe : 1s 2 2s 2 p 6 3s 2 p 6 d 6 4s 2
E E 3
Mn3 / Mn 2 = + 1.57 V,, Co / Co 2 = + 1.97 V
Cu : 1s 2 2s 2 p6 3s 2 p 6 d 10 4s1 2+
54. (d) Since Mn contains maximum number of unparied
2 2 6
Cr : 1s 2s p 3s p d 4s 2 6 5 1 electrons hence it has maximum magnetic moment
IE1 follows the order : Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr 55. (d) Magetic moment n n 2 where n = number of
36. (a) In a period on moving from left to right, ionic radii
decreases. unpaired electrons 15 nn 2 n=3
(a) So order of cationic radii is
Cr2+ > Mn2+ > Fe2+ > Ni2+ and 56. (c) Magnetic moment n n 2 BM
(b) Sc > Ti > Cr > Mn (correct order of atomic radii)
1.73 n n 2 n 1 , it has one unpaired electron
(c) For unpaired electrons
Mn 2 (Five) Ni 2 (Two) hence electronic configuration is Ar 3d 1 and

Co 2 (Three) Fe2 (Four) electronic configuration for Z = 22 is Ar 3d 2 4s2 .

(d) For unpaired electrons > Hence charge on Ti is +3
2
Fe (Four) Co (Three) >2 57. (b) The more the number of unpaired electrons, the more
is magnetic moment.Therefore the answer is (b).
Ni2 (Two) Cu 2 (One) 58. (a)
THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS 379
59. (d) Fe3+(d5) has 5 unpaired electrons therefore magnetic
79. (b) 2Fe3+ + 2I– 2Fe2+ + I2
moment n(n 2) 5(5 2) 5.91 which is
maximum among given options. As Sc3+, Ti3+, Cr 3+, 2Fe 2 S2 O82 2Fe3 2SO 24
V3+ contains 0, 1, 3, and 2 number of unpaired electrons 80. (a)
respectively. 81. (b)
60. (b) 61. (b)
82. (a) Cr2 O 72– 2OH – 2CrO 42 H 2O
62. (a) Sc3+ 3d 04s 0
Hence CrO 24 ion is obtained.
Fe2+ 3d 6 4s 0
83. (b) CrO3 2NaOH Na 2CrO 4 H2O
Ti3+ 3d 14s 0
2 + 3+
84. (a) Cr2O 7 + 6I + 14H 3I 2 + 7H 2 O + 2Cr
Mn2+ 3d 5 4s 0 oxidation state of Cr is +3.
In Sc3+ there is/are no unpaired electrons. So the 2–
aqueous solution of Sc3+ will be colourless. 85. (d) O O
63. (a) Transition elements form coloured ions due to d-d
transitions. In the presence of ligands, there is splitting Cr Cr
of energy levels of d-orbitals. They no longer remain O O O
O O
degenerated. So, electronic transition may occur Dichromate ion
between two d-orbitals. The required amount of energy There are six equivalent Cr — O bonds and one
to do this is obtained by absorption of light of a Cr — O — Cr bond.
particular wavelength in the region of visible light. 86. (c) Solid potassium dichromate when heated with
64. (c) The transition metals and their compounds are used concentrated sulphuric acid and a soluble chloride
as catalysts. Because of the variable oxidation states gives orange red vapours of a volatile oily liquid
they may form intermediate compound with one of the CrO2Cl2
readtants. These intermediate provides a new path with K2Cr2O7 + 4NaCl + 6H2SO4
lowe activation energy. V2O5 + SO2 V2O4 + SO3 2KHSO4 + 4NaHSO4 + 2CrO2Cl2
2V2O4+ O2 2V2O5 chromyl chloride
65. (d) Since Sc3+ does not contain any unpaired electron it 87. (c) Mn2O7 is acidic, V2O5 is amphoteric acid and CrO is
is colourless in water. basic.
88. (a) CrO2 is amphoteric in nature
66. (b) Cu 2 Ar 3d 9 , Ti 4 Ar 3d 0 , Co 2 Ar 3d 7 , Fe 2 Ar 3d 6
89. (a) 90. (c)
1, 3, 4 are coloured ions hence the answer is b. 91. (b) In neutral or faintly alkaline medium thiosulphate is
67. (a) In interstitial compounds small atoms like H, B and C quantitatively oxidized by KMnO4 to SO42–
enter into the void sites between the packed atoms of 8KMnO4 + 3Na2S2O3 + H2O
crystalline metal. They retain metallic conductivity and 3K2SO4 + 8MnO2 + 3Na2SO4 + 2KOH
are chemically inert. 92. (b) HCl and SO2 are reducing agents and can reduce
68. (d) A covalent bond is formed between small interstial MnO4–. CO2 which is neither oxidising and nor
non-metal and transition metal which make it hard reducing will provide only acidic medium. It can shift
69. (c) If non metal is added to the interstital site the metal reaction in forward direction and reaction can go to
becomes less malleable due to formation of covalent completion.
bond between metal and non metal 93. (c) In laboratory, manganese (II) ion salt is oxidised to
70. (c) Gun metal is an alloy of Cu, Zn and Sn. It contains 88% permagnate ion in aqueous solution by
Cu, 10% Sn and 2% Zn. peroxodisulphate.
71. (b) Brass is an alloy of Cu and Zn 2Mn 2 S2O82 8H 2O 2MnO4 10SO42 16H
72. (b) Cu, Ag and Au are called coinage metals. peroxodisulphate ion
73. (b) Bronze is an alloy of Cu and Sn.
74. (b) Bronze - 10% Sn, 90% Cu 94. (a) Pyrolusite (It is MnO 2 )
(Sn is a non transition element) 95. (a) 2KMnO4 H 2SO4 Conc
4 4 5 6 K 2SO 4 Mn O H 2O
2 7
75. (b) VO2 Ti O2 VO2 Cr O42 Explosive
76. (b)
96. (c) In acid medium MnO4 8H 5e Mn 2 4H 2O
77. (d) Ti4+ (3d0) and Zn2+ (3d10) are colourless.
78. (d) (O.S. of Mn changes form +7 to +2)
 EBD_7207
380 THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
97. (c) [Xe]4f7 6s2 – 7 unpaired e–
98. (b) Mn2+ (d5)is more stable than Mn 3+ (d4), thus Yb2+(Z = 70)
[Xe]4f14 6s2 – 0 unpaired e–
E ve
Mn 3 /Mn 2 Ce2+(Z = 58)
99. (a) As the oxidation state of metal associated with oxygen [Xe]4f 5d 6s – 2 unpaired e–
1 1 2

increases, the acidic character of oxide increases. Only Yb2+ is diamagnetic.

100. (d) 118. (b) Amongst the given elements, only Gd is a lanthanide .
101. (d) PdCl2 is used as a catalyst in Wacker’s process. 119. (d) Mischmetal is an alloy which contains rare earth
102. (c) Only Cu in its +2 oxidation state is able to oxidizes the elements (94-95%), iron (5%) and traces of sulphur,
I– to I2 carbon, silicon, calcium and aluminium. It is used in
103. (c) The number is 28(14 lanthanide +14 Actinides) gas lighters, tracer bullets and shells.
120. (b) Cerium is the most common lanthanide
104. (b) La 3+ : 54 e– = [Xe] 121. (a) La ( lanthanum ) is non lanthanide atom
Ti3+ : 19 e– = [Ar] 3 d 1 (Coloured) 122. (b) Eu 2 has electronic configuration Xe 4f 7 hence
Lu 3+ : 68 e– = [Xe] 4 f 14 stable due to half filled atomic orbitals.
123. (d) Actinides have variable valency due to very small
Sc3+ : 18 e– = [Ar] difference in energies of 5f, 6d and 7s orbitals. Actinides
105. (c) A regular decrease in the size of the atoms and ions in are the elements from atomic number 89 to 103.
lanthanoid series from La3+ to Lu3+ is called lanthanide 124. (c) Ac (89) = [Rn] [6d1] [7s2]
contraction. The similarity in size of the atoms of Zr 125. (b) The main reason for exhibiting larger number of
and Hf is due to the lanthanide contraction. oxidation states by actinoids as compared to
106. (d) We know that lanthanides La, Gd shows +3, oxidation lanthanoids is lesser energy difference between 5 f and
state, while Eu shows oxidation state of +2 and + 3. Am 6d orbitals as compared to that between 4f and 5d
shows +3, +4, +5 and +6 oxidation states. Therefore orbitals.
Americium (Am) has maximum number of oxidation In case of actinoids we can remove electrons from 5f
states. as well as from d and due to this actinoids exhibit larger
107. (c) Lanthanides are 4 f-series elements starting from cerium number of oxidation state than lanthanoids.
(Z= 58) to lutetium (Z = 71). These are placed in the 126. (c) Actinoids exhibit variable oxidation states, which vary
sixth period and in third group. from +3 to +7.
108. (b) In lanthanides, there is poorer shielding of 5d electrons 127. (c) 128. (b ) 129. (c)
by 4 f electrons resulting in greater attraction of the 130. (d) Mischmetall consists of a lanthanoid metal
nucleus over 5 d electrons and contraction of the atomic (~95%) and iron (~ 5%) and traces of S,C,Ca and Al.
radii. 131. (d)
109. (d) On going from left to right in lanthanoid series ionic, 132. (b) Curium (Cm) has configuration 5f 7 6d1 7s2.
size decreases i.e. 133. (d)
Ce+3 > Tb+3 > Er+3 > Lu+3. 134. (a) Tb4+ = 4f 7 — 3 unpaired e–
110. (d) 3+
Lu = 4f 14 — 0 unpaired e–
111. (c) Lanthanide contraction results into decrease in atomic 4+
Ce = 4f 0 — 0 unpaired e–
and ionic radii. 3+ 0
La = 4f — 0 unpaired e–
112. (a)
113. (a) 4f orbital is nearer to nucleus as compared to 5 f orbital STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
therefore, shielding of 4 f is more than 5 f.
114. (d) 135. (b) (i) Outer electronic configuration of Mn is 3d54s2 and
115. (d) The configuration of Gd is [xe] 4f 7 5d1 6s2. hence exhibits +7 oxidation state.
116. (c) In lanthanide series there is a regular decrease in the (ii) Zinc does not form coloured ions as it has
atomic as well as ionic radii of trivalent ions (M3+) as completely filled 3d104s7 configuration.
the atomic number increases. Although the atomic radii (iii) In [CoF6]3–, Co3+ is a d7 system. Fluoride is a weak
do show some irregularities but ionic radii decreases field ligand and hence does not cause pairing of
from La(103 pm) to Lu (86pm). Y3+ belong to second electrons.
transition series there fore have greater ionic radii then Co3+ ; Paramagnetic
other ions of third transition series.
(iv)Sc can form a maximum of +3 oxidation state as it
117. (c) Sm2+(Z = 62)
has an outer electronic configuration of 3d14s2.
[Xe]4f6 6s2 – 6 unpaired e–
(v) Zn exhibits only +2 oxidation state as this O.S. is
Eu2+(Z = 63)
the most stable one.
THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS 381

136. (d) Thus options (a) and (c) are discarded; now let us
137. (b) In any row the melting points of transition metals rise observe the second point of difference.
to a maximum at d5 except for anomalous values of 4
:1s 2 2s 2 p6 3s 2 p 6 d1
23 V
Mn and Tc and falls regularly as the atomic number
Thus option (b) is discarded
increases.
3
138. (a) Aqueous solution formed by Ti3+ ions has purple 23 V :1s 2 2 s 2 p 6 3s 2 p 6 d 2
colour. 4
24 Cr :1s 2 2s 2 p6 3s 2 p 6 d 2
139. (a) Steel is an alloy of Fe and C (non-metal). Interstitial
5
compounds are chemically inert. 25 Mn :1s 2 2 s 2 p 6 3s 2 p 6 d 2
140. (b) Heavier members of d-block elements unlike p-block 154. (a) 155. (d)
elements shows higher oxidation states. For example
156. (c) Eo = 0.34 V
W(VI) is more stable than Cr(VI). Cu 2 / Cu
141. (b) As a result of lanthanide contraction Zr 4+ and Hf4+ other has – ve E oR.P.
possess almost the same ionic radii. Ce4+ is an
oxidising agent. Ce4+ gains electron to acquire more Eo
Co / Co = – 0.28 V
stable Ce3+state. La(OH)3 is the most basic among
lanthanide hydroxides. Eo = – 0.25V
Ni / Ni
142. (b) Ce4+ is a strong oxidant reverting to the common +3
state. Eo = – 0.44V
Fe / Fe
Ho does not show oxidation state of +4. Lanthanoids
157. (c) E nE
showing +4 oxidation state are Ce, Pr, Nd, Dy and Tb.
2
143. (a) Both Np and Pu shows oxidation state of +7. Mn 2e Mn 1.18 2.36 V
144. (a) Atomic mass of Hf is greater than that of Zr, Hf is a Mn 3 e Mn 2 1.51 1.51 V
series 3 metal, so for almost similar radius Hf has greater Mn 3 3e Mn 0.28 0.85 V
density, Lanthanoid contraction is responsible for
158. (a) Given magnetic moment of transition metal
almost similar radii.
= n n 2 5.92
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS i.e., n = 5
145. (b) 146. (c) 147. (a) 148. (d) Number of unpaired electrons in Mn2+ = 5
Number of unpaired electrons in Ti3+ = 1
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS Number of unpaired electrons in Cr3+ = 3
Number of unpaired electrons in Cu2+ = 1
149. (d) Number of unpaired electrons in Co2+ = 3
150. (c) The assertion is correct but the reason is false. Actually Thus Mn2+ have magnetic moment = 5.92 BM
transition metal show variable valency due to very 159. (a) Mn++ = 3d5 i.e. no. of unpaired e– = 5
small difference between the ns2 and (n – 1)d electrons. Cu++ = 3d9 i.e. no. of unpaired e– = 1
151. (b) Due to larger surface area and variable valencies to Fe++ = 3d6 i.e. no. of unpaired e– = 4
form intermediate absorbed complex easily, transition Zn++ = 3d10 i.e. no. of unpaired e– = 0
metals are used as catalysts. Ni++ = 3d8 i.e. no. of unpaired e– = 3
152. (b) The magnetic moments are lesser than the fact that 5f Higher the number of unpaired electrons higher will be
electrons of actinides are less effectively shielded the magnetic moment. Hence Mn ++ having maximum
which results in quenching of orbital contribution. unpaired electrons will have the maximum magnetic
moment.
CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS 160. (d) Sc3+ : 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p6d0, 4s0; no unpaired electron.
Cu+ : 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p6d 10, 4s0; no unpaired electron.
153. (d) The electronic configuration of different species given
Ni2+: 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p6d 8, 4s0;
in the question are unpaired electrons are present.
(a) 22 Ti3 :1s2 2s2 p6 3s2 p6 d1 Ti3+ : 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p6d 1, 4s 0;
unpaired electron is present
(b) 22 Ti :1s 2 2s 2 p6 3s 2 . p6 d 2 4s1
Co2+ : 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p6d 7, 4s0;
(c) 22 Ti4 :1s2 2s2 p6 3s 2 p6 unpaired electrons are present
2 So from the given options the only correct combination
(d) 22 Ti :1s 2 2 s 2 p 6 3s 2 p 6 d 2
is Ni2+ and Ti3+.
 EBD_7207
382 THE d-AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
161. (d) The ions with unpaired electrons are colourled and 165. (a) The green colour appears due to the formation of
those with paired electrons are colourless. Cr+++ion
Zn 2 = 1s 2, 2s2p6, 3s2 p6 d10 Cr2 O72– 3SO32– 8H 3SO 2–
4 2Cr 3 4H 2 O
(No. of e s 28)
166. (b) Na2Cr2O7 is hygroscopic.
Cr 3 = 1s 2, 2s2p6, 3s2 p6 d3 167. (c) Mn2O7 acidic
(No. of e s 21) CrO basic
V2O4 amphoteric
Ni 2 = 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2 p6 d8 Cr2O3 amphoteric
(No. of e s 26)
168. (d) Oxide Mn2O7 : Oxidation state of metal + 7
Thus Zn 2 , Cr 3 and Ni 2 have zero, 3 and 2 Oxide V2O3 : Oxidation state of metal + 3
unpaired electrons respectively. Oxide V2O5 : Oxidation state of metal + 5
10 Oxide CrO : Oxidation state of metal + 2
162. (d) In Cu Ar 3d there is no unpaired electron,
Oxide Cr 2O3 : Oxidation state of metal + 5
Cu 2 Ar 3d 9 contains one unpaired electron hence 169. (b) KMnO4 reacts with H2SO4 to form Mn2O7 which is
coloured. highly explosive substance.
163. (d) V2+ – violet, V3+ – green V4+ – blue 2KMnO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + Mn2O7 + H2O
Fe2+ – green Fe3+ – yellow 170. (b) 2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 2K 2 MnO4 2H 2O
164. (a) dark green

(a) V = 3d 3 4s 2 ; V2+ = 3d 3 = 3 unpaired electrons 171. (d)

Cr = 3d 5 4s 1 ; Cr 2+ = 3d 4 = 4 unpaired electrons
172. (b) 5Fe2+ + MnO4 +8H+ Mn2+ +4H2O + 5Fe3+
Mn = 3d 5 4s2 ; Mn2+ = 3d 5 = 5 unpaired electrons
Fe = 3d 6 4s 2 ; Fe2+ = 3d 6 = 4 unpaired electrons 5NO 2 2MnO 4 6H 2Mn 2 5NO 3 3H 2O
Hence the correct order of paramagnetic behaviour
173. (d) As the oxidation state increases the acidity increases.
V2+ < Cr 2+ = Fe2+ < Mn2+
174. (d) If KMnO4 was added slowly than option a was correct,
(b) For the same oxidation state, the ionic radii generally
but at a moment due to addition of large amount of
decreases as the atomic number increases in a
KMnO4, reduction of whole KMnO4 added does not
particular transition series. hence the order is
take place, it also react with Mn2+ which had formed
Mn++ > Fe++ > Co++ > Ni++
in the solution to give MnO2.
(c) In solution, the stability of the compound depends
2MnO4 + 3Mn2+ + 2H2O 5MnO2 + 4H+
upon electrode potentials, SEP of the transitions metal
ions are given as 175. (b) Most of the Ln 3+ compounds except La3+ and Lu3+
Co3+ / Co = + 1.97, Fe3+ / Fe = + 0.77 ; are coloured due to the presence of f-electrons.
Cr3+ / Cr2+ = – 0.41, Sc 3+ is highly stable as it does not 176. (c) 177. (a)
show + 2 O. S. 178. (b) Down the group metallic character increases hence
tendency to loose electron increases.
(d) Sc – (+ 2), (+ 3)
Ti – (+ 2), (+ 3), (+ 4) 179. (c) I– is converted to IO3 by neutral or faintly alkaline
Cr – (+ 1), (+ 2), (+ 3), (+ 4), (+ 5), (+ 6) MnO 4 as shown below..
Mn – (+ 2), (+ 3), (+ 4), (+ 5), (+ 6), (+ 7) 2MnO 4 H2O I 2MnO 2 2OH IO 3
i.e. Sc < Ti < Cr = Mn