Diet Therapy

Types of Diet
1. Routine Hospital Diets
 Liquid Diets 3. Modifications in Flavor
 Clear Liquid Diet  Bland Diet, Liberalized
 Full Liquid Diet  Salt-Free/No salt Added
 High Calorie, High Diet
Protein Full Liquid  Spice-free Diet
Diet  No sugars and
 Cold Liquid Diet Concenrated Sweets Diet
 Soft Diet

2. Modifications in Consistency 4. Modifications in Texture

 Tube Feedings  High Fiber Diets
 Mechanical Soft Diet  Fiber-Restricted Diets
 Puree Diets  Residue-restricted Diets

1. Liquid Diets
Clear Liquid Diet
 Also called non residue diet.
 This diet is made up of clear liquid foods which leave no residue in the gastro-
intestinal tract.
 It is non-distending, non irritating and non stimulating to peristalsic action.
 It is intended to supply fluid and energy food in form that requires minimal
digestion.
 It is used to relieve thirst, to provide fluid for prevention of dehydration.
 Serves as the initial feeding after surgery or intravenous feeding.

Indications for Use:

 Pre-operative and post operative cases with GIT motor function.
 Acute diarrhea, as initial diet.
 Vomiting, if tolerated.
 Intestinal Obstruction
 Acute phase of fevers and infections before diagnosis
 Acute inflammatory conditions of the GIT
 When it is necessary to reduce fecal material.

Suggested Meal Pattern:

 Give 6 to 8 ounces of allowed liquids every hour or as desired.
 Use should be limited to 24 to 48 hours since it is nutritionally inadequate.
 Otherwise, parental feeding is recommeded.
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DAILY FOOD PLAN

FOOD GROUP AMOUNT ALLOWED

Fruit 6 exchanges Strained juices only

Egg White and As allowed by

Gelatin physician
Sugar and Sweets 10 tbsp Table sugar, syrup, honey lactose, corn syrup,
hard candy
Beverage As desired Black coffee and tea, ginger ale and non
carbonated drinks
Soup As desired Fat-free meat, fish or chicken broth

Full Liquid Diet

 is allowance of foods which are liquid or which readily become liquid at body
temperature.
 When carefully planned, the diet may be adequate in energy value and
protein and can therefore be used for several days.
 The diet is given in six or more feedings per day.

Indications For Use:

 Post operative cases with normal GIT function
 Fevers and infections, when solid foods cannot be tolerated
 Difficulty in swallowing as in fractured jaw and after oral surgery
 Lesions in mouth and GIT
 Transition from clear liquid to soft or regular diet.

DAILY FOOD PLAN

FOOD AMOUNT ALLOWED
GROUP

Vegetable 1 exchange Pureed or as juice

Fruit 5 exchanges Pureed or as juice
Milk 3 exchanges All, unless lactose intolerant in which case, use low
lactose formula
Rice or 3 exchanges Strained cereal gruels, cornstarch, refined flour as
substitute thickener in soups, sauces and custard
Meat, fish 3 exchanges Soft-cooked egg, pureed and strained meat, fish,
or chicken or soft soybean curd (tofu)
substitute
Fat 3 teaspoons Cream, butter or margarine
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Sugar 8 tablespoons Plain hard candy, honey, sugar to sweeten beverages
and desserts
Dessert As desired, Soft or baked custard, plain gelatin, ice cream, sherbet,
made from ices, plain pudding
allowed food
Soup As desired Broth, strained cream, meat or vegetable soup
Beverage As desired Coffee, tea, cocoa, soft drinks

Suggested Meal Pattern

Breakfast Strained cereal gruel with sugar and milk
Soft cooked egg
Coffee with Cream and sugar

Mid Morning Sweetened fruit juice

Plain cornstarch pudding
Lunch Cream of vegetable and meat soup
Strained cereal gruel
Fruit juice gelatin
Mid Afternoon (2:00pm) Ice cream
Afternoon (4:00pm) Sweetened fruit juice
Dinner Cream of vegetable and meat soup
Strained cereal cruel
Baked custard

Bedtime Milk drink

Modification of Full Liquid Diet

A. High Calorie, High Protein FLD
 the use of cocoa, chocolate, cream and melted butter will further increase the
caloric value of the diet.
 For patients with lactose intolerance, use low lactose nutritional supplements
like Sustagen Premium, Nestle Twin.

Suggested Meal Pattern

Foods to add to Exchanges Suggested Use
basic full liquid
diet

Skim Milk 3 exchanges Add to cream soups, gruel and milk

Powder drinks
Sugar and 4 exchanges As hard candies or use less sweet
Sweets sugars such as lactose, or corn
syrup, use cornstarch to thicken
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soups.

The following food provides an additional 480 lcal and 24 grams of protein
Modification of Full Liquid Diet
B. Cold Liquid Diet
 this diet is used after tonsilectomy, dental extraction, or other minor
operations on the mouth and throat.
 All liquids are served cold or iced.
 Shar or sour fruit juices and hot soups are not given as they may cause pain
and bleeding of the operated area.

2. Soft Diet

 the soft diet follows the regular diet pattern but is modified in consistency. It
is designated for patients who are physically or phychologically unable to
tolerate the regular diet.
 Foods allowed are those which are easy to digest, such as fruits and
vegetables with low cellulose content, and meats with little or not tough
connective tissues like elastin.
Indications for Use:
 post operative cases when patient can tolerate solid food but not a full diet
 Fevers and mild infections
 Gastro-intestinal disturbances
 Convalescene
 Transition from fluid to regular diet

DAILY FOOD PLAN

FOOD ALLOWED AVOIDED
GROUP

Vegetable WELL-COOKED: Carrots, beans, squash,ALL raw; strongly flavored,

upo, chayote, peas, short-stem togue,high fiber like cabbage,
peeled eggplant without seeds, amplayapechay with stalks, labong,
fruit, green papaya, singkamas, youngnangka, sitao, sitsaro,
patola, tender leaves of kangkong,sigarilyas, kamansi, gabi
spinach, amapalaya, mature beansleaves and mature beans with
without skin; PUREED: other vegetable skins

Fruit Ripe mango, avocado, atis, banana,ALL raw except those on

papaya, kaimito, chico, and grapes withourALLOWED list
skins and seeds, orange sections without
membrane; juices;
CANNED OR COOKED: pare apples,
cherries, peeled apricots, peaches, pears,
plums, guavas without skin and seeds;
PUREED: Other fruits;
AS TOLERATED: canned pineapple, figs,
lychees, berries
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STEWED: dried fruits

Milk and ALL EXCEPT AS INTERDICTED BY

beverage PHYSICIAN

Fat Butter, margarine, mayonnaise, cream,All other including nuts and

smooth peanut butter fried or greasy foods

Sugar IN MODERATION: plain candies, jellies, jamEXCESSIVE AMOUNTS

and marmalade made from allowed fruits,
syrups

Dessert Plain cakes, cookies, puddings, custards,Those made with foods not
gelatin, ice cream, sherbet, ices, sweetallowed as malagkit, fibrous
kaong, nata, sago, others made withand seeded fruits and nuts,
allowed foods rich pastries and desserts

Rice or Soft cooked rice or lugao, well cookedWhole grain cereals and
Substitute refined cereals; white bread such as creamproducts like brown bread,
bread, and pandesal toast, soda crackers,graham crackers; malagkit,
plain cookies, noodles, vermicelli, potatoeswhole kernel corn, corn meal
and tubers without skin or grits

Soup All made from allowed foods

Miscellaneo Salt, seasoning and spices in moderationStrong or excessive

us and spices in moderaiton, vinegar, soyseasonings.
sauce, patis, ginger, catsup, gravies and
cream sauces in moderation

Meat, fish BOILED, BAKED OR BROILED: Meats with excessive fat and
or Fish, tender, ground or minced beef, liver,connective tissues; deep fried
Substitute tongue, lean pork, brain, chicken and highly spiced canned or
CANNED: corned beef, vienna sausage,cured meats, fish poultry;
meat loaf, eggs (cooked anyway exceptsharp or spicy cheese and
fried) cheese spread.
Baked or boiled vegemeat, tokwa, tofu,
legumes without skin, mild processed
cream and cottage cheese

Modification of Soft Diet

A. Mechanical Soft Diet

 the diet is also called dental soft or getriatic soft diet
 It follows the pattern of the regular diet.
 It consists of foods that require minimum chewing.
 Hard and large pieces of food are chopped, ground, pureed, sieved or
reduced to small pieces by other mechanical means

Indications for Use

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 Poor dentures
 After oral, head and neck surgery

 Oral lesions
 Elderly and acutely ill patients who have difficulty in chewing
B. Soft Bland Diet
 Also called Bland IV
 This diet is ismilar to the soft diet but with additional restrictions on: hot
spices like bell pepper, chillis and mustard; caffeine containing beverages like
coffee, tea cola drinks and alcohol
 Food is given in small frequent feedings.
 Used for patients with hyperacidity and peptic ulcer when a fulld bland diet
cannot be tolerated

Bland Diet Regimin

 it is a progression of diets made up of foods which do not unduly increase
gastric acid production and are non-irritating to the GIT.
 The diets range from the very restricted Bland I to the rtaher liberal Bland V.
 Bland I to III use liberal amounts of milk
 Bland IV follow the soft bland diet
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 Bland V sometimes called full bland and patterned after the full diet.

Indications for Use

 gastric and duodenal ulcerrs
 Gastritis
 Esophageal, gastric and pancreatic surgery
 Hiatus hernia
 Some cases of cardiac conditions in order to rest the heart

DAILY FOOD PLAN

FOOD GROUP BLAND I BLAND II and III

Vegetable 2 exchanges (potato only) 2exchanges

Fruit --- 3 exchanges

Milk 3 exchanges 2 exchanges

Rice or Bread 4 exchanges 8 exchanges

Meat or substitute 2 exchanges (eggs only) 5 exchanges

Fats, Sugar and In moderation or as needed to make

Sweets meals acceptable and satisfying
Diet Therapy