ICON YABANCI DİL AKADEMİSİ

1. (I) Antarctica appears to be warming faster than 5. (I) In sixteenth-century England, the theatre was a
anywhere else on the planet. (II) The ice is melting, very popular form of entertainment. (II) In many
and the winters are markedly warmer. (III) Indeed, ways it was different from the theatre of our time.
industrial pollution is a major threat to the wild (III) Shakespeare, who was the leading dramatist of
life. (IV) Grass is now beginning to push up through the time, is still regarded as one of the world’s
what was frozen wasteland just a few years ago. greatest. (IV) For one thing, the theatre had no
(V) Yet, this warming in Antarctica is causing roof, and plays were acted with no setting. (V)
problems for the penguins, the natives of the Performances were given in the afternoons, and
continent. had to be cancelled if the weather was bad.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

2. (I) There is nothing unusual about a single language 6. (I) The year 1666 was the year of the great fire of
dying. (II) Communities have come and gone London. (II) There is very little agreement among
throughout history, and with them their languages. historians as regards the population of London at
(III) The Hittite language, for example, died out the time. (III) The houses were all made of wood,
when its civilisation disappeared. (IV) Small so they burned easily and there was a wind to fan
communities in isolated areas can easily be wiped the flames. (IV) So, despite all efforts to put it out,
out by earthquakes, hurricanes and other the fire raged for four days. (V) At the end,
disasters. (V) Yet, in comparison with what thousands of the Londoners were made homeless.
happened in the past, what is happening today is
extraordinary, for the cultural and linguistic A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
diversity of the world is everywhere under threat.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 7. (I) Dr. Johnson will always be remembered for

producing the first serious dictionary of the English
language. (II) In 1747 he published the Plan of his
3. (I) Operations that were not even dreamed of fifty Dictionary. (III) The age in which he lived is
years ago are now being carried out successfully. reflected in his writings. (IV) According to this plan,
(II) Due to the spread of diseases, hospitals are he hoped to complete the work in three years. (V)
getting more and more crowded. (III) For instance, Actually, however, it took him seven years to
the heart can be safely opened and its valves compile his dictionary.
repaired. (IV) Blocked blood vessels can be cleaned
out. (V) The whole stomach, even, can be removed A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
without causing serious problems.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 8. (I) Myths were originally created as entertaining

stories with a serious purpose. (II) The best- known
of the mythologies in the world is the Greek
4. (I) Homer designed his tale in the form of a tree. mythology. (III) They have two main aims.
(II) The principal plot forms the trunk of the tree, (IV) One is to explain the nature of the universe.
and many stories branch off from the trunk. (V) The other is to instruct members of the
(III) Some of these stories are only the portrayal of community in the attitudes and behaviour
principal characters. (IV) Homer is supposed to necessary to function successfully.
have written both The Odyssey and The Iliad.
(V) The others describe various incidents related to A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
the main theme.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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9. (I) After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 many 13. (I) What is coal? (II) How did it get into the
splendid mosques were built in that city. (II) The ground? (III) Coal mining has always been tough
inner walls of these mosques were mostly and dangerous. (IV) Coal is the remains of plants
decorated with tiles made in Iznik. (III) Decorative that died millions of years ago. (V) Prehistoric dead
tile work was invented in the Near East as a plants were converted into coal by chemical
protection for walls of sun-dried brick. (IV) These changes over long periods of time.
were painted in rich colours on a white ground.
(II) The patterns were floral and arabesque, similar A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
to those used on the pottery also made there.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 14. (I) No one really knows how we learn to speak.

(II) Some people have disorders that affect their
speech. (III) Some think that we are born with an
10. (I) Most students probably regard mathematics as inherited ability to learn a language. (IV) Others
the most difficult course they take. (II) This is think that a child learns to speak simply by copying
largely because they think it is difficult or have what it hears. (V) But one thing is certain: children
been told that it is. (III) In fact, it really isn’t difficult are born with a strong desire to communicate with
at all. (IV) In order to learn mathematics one the people around them.
simply needs to concentrate and practise the
materials. (V) The mathematics classes of good A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
modern schools are very different from the classes
of thirty or forty years ago.
15. (I) People say it is easier to learn a foreign
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V language when one is young. (II) After all, we all
learn a language in our infancy without even being
aware of it. (III) With this in mind, a lot of
11. (I) Thermal pollution often occurs when factories kindergartens try to introduce the children to a
use water from rivers and lakes to cool their foreign language. (IV) One should not forget that
machinery. (II) In the process, of course, the water some people learn a foreign language easily while
is heated. (III) This heated water is then returned others don’t. (V) In theory this is an excellent plan,
to the environment. (IV) New and better methods but the results have not been as successful as one
of preventing thermal pollution must be found. (V) might have hoped.
But heated water holds less dissolved oxygen than
cool water, so plants and animals that use this A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
water may die from oxygen starvation.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 16. (I) The Dutch painter, Vermeer, was born in Delft
in 1632. (II) The contrast here between the trivial
subject and the monumental design is disturbing.
12. (I) The work of oceanographers is extremely (III) Most of his pictures show the interiors of
varied. (II) They study fish and marine life in ordinary houses. (IV) The figures are usually eating
general. (III) They also explore ocean bottoms to or letter writing or music making. (V) The ordinary
learn how they were formed and what they are scenes, however, are transformed by his brilliant
made of. (IV) Further, they study currents and tides use of light.
and the effects of ocean pollution.
(V) Actually, it is not only the seas that have A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
become polluted, but also rivers and lakes.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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17. (I) California is famous for crazy ideas. (II) Indeed, 21. (I) Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women at the
Californians value crazy ideas, and their inventive request of her publisher, Mr Niles. (II) Niles himself
spirit has done much to change the world. (III) was not impressed by the story she wrote. (III)
Television, the laser, and human insulin were all However, his niece and some other young girls
ideas developed in California. (IV) Sometimes one were. (IV) So, with some doubt in his mind, he
is surprised at what succeeds and indeed becomes decided to publish it, and it was an immediate best
popular. (V) And, indeed, so was the seedless seller. (V) However, Little Women is a children’s
watermelon. book about real life; it is not a fairy tale.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

18. (I) This book gives a history of man’s exploration of 22. (I) The problem with electric guitars is that, from
space. (II) It starts with the first observations of the the point of view of sound, they cannot be
ancient Greeks. (III) And so it makes us wonder improved. (II) At schools children should be
about how our life began on earth. (IV) It then encouraged to play the guitar. (III) They can be
moves on to the invention of the telescope in 1608 decorated and made to look better. (IV) They can
and the new knowledge it made available. be made lighter and easier to play. (V) But they
(V) It ends with the wonder of 15 January 1996 cannot be made to sound any better.
when the Hubble Space Telescope revealed many
“new” galaxies. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
23. (I) Kiev is one of the most historic cities of the
Ukraine. (II) It is both a busy river port and a major
19. (I) Robot toys, which have to be treated like living railway junction. (III) Despite its rapid
things, not like machines, are already being growth during the 19th century, it still reveals
produced. (II) In Japan, for instance, robot cats will many signs of its long and rich history. (IV) The
very soon be on the market. (III) In fact, robotics is old citadel still stands in the medieval centre of the
the science mainly concerned with the design and city. (V) Nearby is also a famous cathedral that
construction of robots. (IV) These cats are very dates back to the Middle Ages.
affectionate and they purr with pleasure when
they are petted. (V) If they feel neglected, A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
however, they let their owner know they are
displeased.
24. (I) Originally, the Japanese learned how to paint
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V from the Chinese. (II) However, over the centuries,
Japanese painting soon developed characteristics
of its own to suit its own environment and
20. (I) Be sure to go to the new exhibition at the Naval traditions. (III) Symbolism rather than realism
Museum. (II) Personally, I’ve never been very became the most striking feature of this painting.
interested in the sea and ships. (III) The exhibits (IV) Japanese and Chinese painters alike often
range from primitive rafts to a submarine from choose to work in black and white only. (V) The
World War II. (IV) There are lots of paintings of typical Japanese representation of nature, for
boats and ships, many of which are very old. instance, was symbolic rather than realistic.
(V) There are also beautifully made models of
some of the most famous historic ships. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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25. (I) The cheetah is the fastest moving of all the land 29. (I) For the first time a parachute has saved a light
animals. (II) The cheetah usually prefers to hunt aircraft from disaster. (II) The incident concerned a
alone, but the males sometimes hunt in packs. (III) Cirrus SR 22 aircraft. (III) When one part of a wing
It is capable of reaching a speed of 70 kilometres fell off, the pilot released the single-prop plane’s
an hour in just 2 seconds. (IV) When in pursuit of novel built-in rescue parachute.
prey it can travel at a speed of 100-127 kilometres (IV) However, the plane landed in a clump of trees
an hour. (V) Moreover, it can keep up this speed near Houston. (V) With its aid he was able to
for between 200 and 600 metres. achieve an injury-free crash landing.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

26. (I) It is now nearly 40 years since President John 30. (I) Modern Trabzon is built on a mountainside. (II)
F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. It is a bright, busy town with cafés and bookshops
(II) Yet the events of that fateful day remain the and restaurants. (III) Most visitors, however, go
subject of much controversy. (III) Was the suspect, there in order to see the dramatic Byzantine
Lee Harvey Oswald, a lone assassin? monastery at Sumela. (IV) Trabzon is the largest
(IV) Actually, Dallas is the most fascinating city of port along Eastern Turkey’s Black Sea coast. (V)
Texas. (V) Or was the murder the result of a major This has been carved out of a steep rock cliff and is
conspiracy? well-worth a visit.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

27. (I) Sir Walter Raleigh was an outstanding example 31. (I) At this time the writer was living in a tiny flat in
of the versatile Renaissance man. (II) Though he Edinburgh with her baby daughter. (II) The latest
was a famous seaman, his real importance lies in Harry Potter book has had an unexpected effect on
other accomplishments. (III) As the Renaissance young fans. (III) Some paediatricians have reported
developed in Italy and other European countries, it an outbreak of headaches among children reading
began to take on added dimensions. (IV) He was a Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. (IV)
poet, a musician, a scientist, a historian, an They attributed this problem to the 8-hour reading
explorer and even a pirate. (V) He also took an sessions the young enthusiasts put in as they
active part in the colonization of America. worked their way through the 870-page volume.
(V) Fortunately, the problem clears up of its own
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V accord a day or two after the reader finishes the
book.

28. (I) Large quantities of ice have been found on A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

Mars. (II) This raises the prospect of a manned
expedition to the Red Planet. (III) So far, manned
expeditions to Mars have been prevented by the 32. (I) Contemporary rock and pop music has come
difficulty in carrying enough water to support a about due to vast advances in technology. (II) In
crew. (IV) But if melted, the ice on Mars may this respect the impact of the microphone should
provide not just water but also oxygen, electricity not be underestimated. (III) Further, certain
and hydrogen for rocket fuel cells as well. (V) In environmental forces may influence how they sing.
fact, the surface of Mars is marked by what (IV) It has enabled quiet, intimate sounds to be
appears to be dried-up shorelines, canyons and magnified. (V) In turn, this has allowed the singer
lakes. to experiment with the emphasis on mood rather
than strict adherence to proper breathing.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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33. (I) Cameroon has begun to make one of its deadly

lakes safe at last. (II) With the increase in oil, 37. (I) It is well worth visiting this bird sanctuary to see
timber and coffee exports, Cameroon’s economy the swans feed. (II) When we went there the
has improved remarkably over recent years. (III) weather was gorgeous. (III) Visit at 8.30 am and be
Engineers have started installing pipes to remove there as the swans come out for breakfast. (IV) Or
carbon dioxide building up in the depths of Lake arrive around 6.30 pm as they gather for their
Monoun, which could erupt at any time and dinner. (V) Either way you’ll enjoy watching the
suffocate people nearby. (IV) The pipes will begin way they fight over their food.
pumping out the gas by the end of the year. (V)
This should make Lake Monoun safe within a year A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
and a half.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 38. (I) The Industrial Revolution means the sudden

acceleration of technical and economic
development that began in Britain. (II) Birmingham
34. (I) Jean Piaget is the psychologist whose work has is an industrial city and the administrative
had the greatest influence on the study of child headquarters of central England. (III) It is a major
development. (II) Among the first to accept manufacturing, engineering, commercial and
Piaget’s theories were educators, who began to service centre. (IV) The city’s concert halls,
develop school curricula based on his ideas. (III) theatres and three universities also make it an
During the 1940s and 1950s American child important cultural and educational centre. (V) Its
psychology turned toward environmental and main products are cars, machine tools and
conditioning methods. (IV) He’s different from any electrical equipment.
other psychologist in that his theoretical views are
still widely accepted in some form by many of A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
today’s developmental psychologists. (V) Further
Piaget’s many books on child psychology remain
the greatest contribution to the field by a single 39. (I) Try to imagine what would happen to the bones
scholar. of astronauts going to Mars. (II) They would
probably come back hardly able to walk at all. (III)
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V This is because, on Earth, bones are renewed by
walking. (IV) But on Mars this does not happen. (V)
This new device simulates the low-intensity
35. (I) Yeats was not simply a writer. (II) He was interactions between bone and muscle.
involved in many different kinds of activity. (III) In
particular he worked to help Ireland get its A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
independence. (IV) Indeed, Maud Gonne, a very
beautiful woman, was to influence him greatly. (V)
And all the various things he did and all his 40. (I) Britain’s largest robotics laboratory will open in
experience are brought together and unified in his the autumn. (II) On the contrary, this one is to be
art. wellfunded. (III) Two universities are jointly in
charge of the project. (IV) There will be 50
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V researchers there aiming to develop intelligent,
independent robots. (V) These, it is hoped, will
work in a variety of areas ranging from social care
36. (I) The horse’s eye is a remarkable organ. (II) It is at to industrial cleaning.
least twice as large as the human eye. (III) It also
has a special property which enables it to see much A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
better than its rider. (IV) This is true, both when
the light is poor and when there is full daylight. (V)
As many horse owners have observed, some
horses are much more excitable than others.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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41. (I) The eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D. remains one 45. (I) In many cultures, particularly those in which
of the most famous events in history. (II) At the extended families live together or nearby, older
time, Pompeii, about 9 km south of the volcano, members of the community are respected – they
was a busy town with a population of 20,000. (III) are considered to be wise and knowledgeable
But Vesuvius suddenly released clouds of ash and teachers. (II) The cycle continues and the elderly
lava which swept through the town. (IV) Even so, remain socially isolated. (III) In other societies,
volcanoes remain fairly unpredictable. (V) Pompeii largely those in which the nuclear family has
was destroyed and its inhabitants killed. displaced the extended family, this is often not the
case. (IV) Countries such as Britain, the
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V Netherlands, Australia, Canada and the US fall into
this latter category. (V) In these societies, the
qualities of youth are highly valued, and elderly
42. (I) A preference for the mother’s voice or the people are generally neglected.
mother’s odour emerges very early in life. (II)
Might a preference for the mother’s face also be A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
present very early? (III) Several recent studies
suggest that the answer is yes. (IV) Babies as young
as 2 days old have been shown to look more at 46. (I) Poetry affects us in two different ways. (II) First,
their mother’s face than at the face of a stranger. it speaks directly to our senses through its music
(V) There are, then, clear changes in how infants and rhythm, which we actually hear when it is read
respond to faces during the first year or so of life. aloud. (III) Accordingly, the poet uses a special
literary technique. (IV) But indirectly, poetry
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V speaks to our senses through imagery. (V) It most
often does this by creating a mental picture, or an
“image” that we see not in the world around us,
43. (I) Much of the Earth’s surface is covered with but in our mind.
snow and ice. (II) So many creatures have had to
adapt to life in a white world. (III) In fact, animals A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
of the desert have light colours to help them blend
into their pale environment. (IV) One of the most
obvious adaptations is having white fur like the 47. (I) A wristwatch is a mechanical device which is
polar bear. (V) Both the hunter and the hunted used for telling time. (II) Its main advantage over
require such camouflage if they are to survive. other types of time-telling devices (such things as
clocks, sundials, or hourglasses) is that it is small
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V enough to be worn on the wrist so that one can
easily know the time by looking down. (III)
Wristwatches come in various shapes and sizes,
44. (I) The idea of military robots is certainly an but all have one thing in common: a band or strap
attractive one. (II) They have no need either of with which they may be attached to the wrist. (IV)
food or rest. (III) They don’t complain and they This band or strap may be made of metal or
don’t get scared. (IV) But war on the ground is leather, or sometimes from plastic. (V) Moreover,
more complex than war in the air. (V) This means some people still prefer to use oldfashioned
they can be given the dirtiest and most difficult watches.
tasks to do.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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48. (I) A tragedy is the imitation in dramatic form of an 51. (I) There are many boat owners in Amsterdam
action that is serious and complete, with incidents offering canal tours. (II) The boat traffic in the
arousing pity and fear with which it causes a climax Amsterdam canals is heavy and can sometimes be
of such emotions. (II) The chief characters in a dangerous. (III) In addition to the daytime
tragedy are noble, and the actions they perform sightseeing trips, there are night cruises. (IV) The
are noble actions. (III) The plot involves a change in latter often provide various refreshments, make a
the hero’s fortune, in which he falls from stop at a pub, or serve a romantic dinner. (V) As
happiness to misery. (IV) Unlike tragedy, comedy regards the price, some of these cruises are
aims at ridicule and so satirizes. (V) Such reasonable, while others are not.
misfortune is brought upon him not by his bad
character but by some error of judgement. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
52. (I) It is very easy to notice poor-quality spices.
(II) They tend to be small, broken, dusty-looking,
49. (I) The medieval English poet Geoffrey Chaucer and they should not be bought. (III) Also, do not
was able to travel widely throughout Europe and buy any that have been exposed to light and air.
study the literature of France and Italy. (II) With (IV) To find good-quality spices, it is usually better
striking success, he combined his wide-ranging to go to a specialist supplier rather than to a
learning with an enthusiastic love for the everyday supermarket. (V) In recent years, the number of
lives of ordinary English people into his supermarkets has increased.
masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales. (III) During the
century following Chaucer’s death, England was A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
torn apart in a civil war, called the “Wars of the
Roses”. (IV) This is a work which the educated
admired for its careful development of 53. (I) Stephen Longstreet was a writer of novels and
current literary forms, while ordinary listeners detective stories. (II) There are many different
loved its comedy and adventure. (V) It became one forms of art, such as dance, music, and literature.
of the most popular texts of its day. (III) He was also an accomplished artist. (IV) While
living in Europe in the 1920s, he became
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V acquainted with some famous artists. (V) Henri
Matisse and Pablo Picasso were among them.

50. (I) He woke suddenly and completely. (II) It was A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

four o’clock, the hour at which his father had
always called him to get up and help with the
milking. (III) His father had been dead for thirty 54. (I) The author of a story usually chooses the title
years, and yet he still woke at four o’clock in the very carefully. (II) It may call attention to a
morning. (IV) Though it was somewhat dark, they character or suggest something about the story
could see each other’s faces. (V) He had trained itself. (III) It may even hint at the theme that the
himself to turn over and go back to sleep, but this story expresses. (IV) Most short stories have
morning, because it was Christmas, he did not try unexpected endings. (V) Moreover, it may give the
to sleep. reader an idea about the meaning of the story.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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55. (I) I grew up in tornado country, and because of 59. (I) Water is, after all, absolutely essential to life.
that I always keep an eye on the weather. (II) I do (II) One of the things that nature recycles is water.
this even when I am in my office in Washington. (III) Nature’s recycling programme for water is
(III) If the western sky shows violent movement, I called the water cycle. (IV) Water goes from the
watch for the dangerous green light I knew in my ocean, lakes and rivers into the air. (V) Water falls
childhood. (IV) That was mostly a happy time for from the air as rain or snow, which eventually finds
me. (V) It always signalled that chaos was coming. its way back to the ocean directly or through rivers.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

56. (I) Deserts get very little rain, but cactuses, trees 60. (I) Tai Chi is a classical Chinese military-style
and even wildflowers still manage to grow in some exercise. (II) We call it classical because it was
desert areas. (II) Most deserts form because of air developed in the 12th century. (III) It was,
movements over the planet. (III) These plants have however, designed as much for health and long life
special characteristics that help them get and store benefits as for defence. (IV) Today, advocates
water. (IV) Some of them have small leaves to keep around the world practise it as a way to improve
water from escaping into the air. (V) Some other their health and lower stress. (V) Indeed, yoga is
desert plants have long roots that reach water declining in popularity.
deep underground.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

61. (I) Alison never had any stories to tell about the
57. (I) Ships are very important to the way we live. restaurant where she worked as a cashier. (II) “It’s
(II) Ships carry oil that is made into gasoline for our just a job”, she would say. (III) “I sit there and take
cars. (III) Though they may look very different from their credit cards or their cash. (IV) How many jobs
each other, all ships have the same basic parts. are so full of variety? (V) At the end of the day I
(IV) They also bring in much of the food we eat, the come home; at the end of the week I get my
clothes we wear, and the computers, furniture, wages.”
and televisions we use. (V) All around us, many of
the things we see travelled to where we are on a A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
ship.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 62. (I) Winters in Toronto, Canada, are white and cold
with icy sidewalks and life-threateningly low
temperatures. (II) Yet the summers are for the
58. (I) Leather is a material prepared from the skins of most part hot and sunny. (III) These harsh winter
animals. (II) It is a hard-wearing, longlasting conditions, however, actually present no problems.
material when properly treated. (III) It has a variety (IV) This is partly because one can reach any part
of uses. (IV) In particular, it is used to make shoes, of the town by underground. (V) And partly
bags, and clothes. (V) Books with leather bindings because there is a vast shopping mall spread out
are usually expensive. beneath the city.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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63. (I) We travelled to this small and remote Pacific 67. (I) The harmful use of alcohol is a particularly grave
island, expecting decay, deprivation and threat to men. (II) It is the leading factor for deaths
frustration. (II) Instead, we found beauty, in males aged 15-59, mainly due to injuries,
determination and inspiration. (III) In fact, the violence and cardiovascular diseases. (III) The
island is always hit by hurricanes that cause much world’s highest alcohol consumption levels are
destruction. (IV) The people there all looked as if found in the developed world, including Western
they had a special mission, a vision and a and Eastern Europe. (IV) 6.2% of all male deaths
destination. (V) Hardly anyone was just hanging are attributable to alcohol, compared with 1.1% of
about doing nothing. female deaths.(V) Men also outnumber women
four to one in weekly episodes of heavy drinking –
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V most probably the reason for their higher death
and disability rates.

64. (I) Harry Kane, with two older partners, ran a new A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
and very successful insurance firm. (II) It was taking
a lot of business from the older, more established
companies. (III) Some people looked on it with 68. (I) A large part of having a healthy life is giving
suspicion. (IV) The offices were large and ourselves credit for our accomplishments. (II) The
beautifully furnished. (V) They thought it was best way to write about your success is that you
growing too big and too fast; and they thought it connect with yourself in the deepest way.
would soon be in trouble. (III) Learning how to accept praise – to let
ourselves really accept our success – is a skill that
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V can be learned. (IV) A big reason why people get
stuck and cannot create better lives is that they do
not give themselves credit for what they have
65. (I) The state system is a historical institution. (II) created. (V) This usually comes from the
The population of the world has not always lived in subconscious programming we received in
sovereign states. (III) The countries that are childhood, e.g., “Money doesn’t grow on trees”.
sovereign states are always fewer than countries,
like Quebec,that are not sovereign. (IV) For most of A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
recorded human history, people have lived under
different kinds of political organization. (V) In
medieval times, for example, people had to live 69. (I) Almost every culture has its version of the flute,
under a chaotic and dispersed political authority, drum and guitar. (II) There are wide variations in
while in the modern state, they live under legally the way they are tuned, constructed and played.
supreme governments. (III) Typically, a child prodigy gains expertise in just
two or three years. (IV) They share, however, a
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V common association of often being used for
religious ceremonies. (V) The craft of making and
playing them is therefore taken very seriously.
66. (I) Our mental approach or attitude toward an
activity makes all the difference in the world. (II) A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Any chore can become a playful activity depending
on how we frame it. (III) For instance, doing your
ironing can be fun if you are pretending that you
are “frying” the bad guys in some fantasy scenario.
(IV) Defining play is far from easy for at least two
different reasons. (V) On the other hand, playing
table tennis is work if you are doing it only because
your friend insists.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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70. (I) Many magazines and newspapers are still 73. (I) Advances in space travel have changed the way
printed on paper, though most have online we have come to see Earth and the universe as a
versions as well. (II) But print edition newspapers whole. (II) We can now more thoroughly explore
are generally preferred by families on Sunday our solar system, which is governed by the Sun’s
mornings. (III) Newspaper editors can update news energy. (III) The Sun forces planets into specific
much more quickly on websites than in print. (IV) orbits and provides light and heat energy to the
Creating an online-only news source is also less cold universe. (IV) Nevertheless, most regions of
expensive than producing a print edition of a the solar system are rather inhospitable and Earth
newspaper. (V) These are two of the reasons that seems to be the only planet with such a vast
some newspaper companies have chosen to have richness of life. (V) Therefore, other planets have
online-only editions. been discovered around such stars.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

71. (I) Almost every town and village in Turkey enjoys 74. (I) Female killer whales live long after their
an annual festival. (II) The yearly celebration may reproductive years are over. (II) A recent study
involve competitions and animal shows, or simply a showed that adult sons of mother whales live
festival where farmers can show off their new longer and produce more offspring when the
tractors. (III) Some of these events resemble mother has a long post-menopausal
ancient seasonal rituals. (IV) Although most of phase. (III) The same trend, however, was not
these activities are aimed at locals, you are sure to observed for daughters of the same whales. (IV)
be welcomed. (V) Even so, the main event is the The mechanism by which mothers increase their
festival at Kırkpınar, near Edirne. adult sons’ survival are unclear, but hypothesized
reasons include assistance to search for food and
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V support during dangerous situations. (V) Whale
research has become an increasingly popular field
over the past ten years, which was actually
72. (I) The Kangal is unique to Turkey and used to be unexpected.
bred for use as a sheepdog. (II) To this day, you will
still see these large, strong dogs guarding flocks, A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
especially in Eastern Turkey. (III) Although pure-
bred Kangals are expensive to buy, there are many
Kangal-cross dogs which you can adopt among the 75. (I) It is a popular belief that our blood type
street population. (IV) Thus, Kangal puppies, with influences our personalities. (II) For example,
their huge feet, melting eyes and soft yellow fur, people with type A are thought to be anxious
are particularly attractive. (V) However, before perfectionists while those with type B are cheerful
adopting one, you should consider that they are and eccentric. (III) There is no biological reason for
not suitable pets for anyone living in an apartment. this, and the number of research on the issue is
inadequate. (IV) Your blood type is a question of
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V which surface proteins are attached to your
red blood cells. (V) In fact, most of us behave with
a mixture of all the blood-type personality traits.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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76. (I) There are differences between what men and

women do with the Internet when they are online.
(II) By 2005, however, men and women were
making use of the Internet in almost equal
numbers. (III) Women tend to use it to search for
health and medical information, maps and
religious information. (IV) Men, on the other
hand, rely on it more for weather reports, sports
results and news. (V) According to statistics from
the US, women also use e-mail for different
purposes than men.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

77. (I) Money is perhaps the most basic building-block

in economies, and it has several functions. (II) It is
a medium of exchange and easily traded for goods
and services. (III) In addition, people save and use
it for consumption in the future, so it is a store of
value. (IV) Also, it is a unit of account, a useful
measuring stick. (V) Throughout history, a variety
of items like tea, salt and cattle have been used as
a unit of account.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

78. (I) Pregnancy is an important time for both mother

and baby, which is why mothers should get special
care to live right so that their children can be born
healthy enough. (II) That is relatively easy when it
comes to things women can control like eating
well. (III) Clearly, pregnant women who abuse
alcohol put their babies at risk of a wide range of
birth defects. (IV) But what about pollution in the
air they breathe? (V) In the first study of its kind,
researchers report that expectant mothers’
exposure to pollutants can lead to a dramatic
increase in the risk of anxiety problems in their
children at age 6.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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