Keys, Cotters and Pin Joints

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 Keys

 Keys are machine elements used to prevent

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 Keys
 Keys are classified into three types :
 Saddle keys,
 Sunk keys
 Round keys

 These are taper keys, with uniform width but tapering in thickness on the upper side. These
are made in two forms: hollow and flat.
 Hollow saddle key: it has a concave shaped bottom to suit the curved surface of the shaft,
on which it is used.
 Flat saddle key: It is similar to the hollow saddle key, except that the
bottom surface of it is flat.
 The two types of saddle keys discussed above are suitable for light
duty only. However, the flat one is slightly superior compared to the
hollow type.
 Saddle keys are liable to slip around the shaft when used under heavy
loads.
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 Sunk keys
 These are the standard forms of keys used in practice :
 It may be either square or rectangular in cross section.
 The end may be squared or rounded.
 These keys are used for heavy duty, as the fit between the key and the shaft
is positive.
 Sunk keys may be classified as:
1. taper keys,
2. parallel or feather keys
3. splines
4. woodruff keys.
5. Round keys
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 Taper Sunk keys
 These keys are square or rectangular in cross-section,
uniform in width but tapered in thickness.
 The bottom surface of the key is straight and the top surface
is tapered

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 Parallel or Feather keys-Sunk keys
 These keys are uniform in width and thickness as well.
 These keys are used when the parts (gears, clutches,
etc.) mounted are required to slide along the shaft;
permitting relative axial movement.
 The feather key may be fitted into the keyway provided
on the shaft by two or more screws (Fig. 6.5) or into
the hub of the mounting (Fig. 6.6)
 These keys are of three types:
1. peg feather key: the key and the mounting move
axially as one unit.
2. single headed feather key
3. double headed feather key: These heads prevent
the axial movement of the key in the hub

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 Splines keys-Sunk keys
 Splines are keys made integral with the shaft, by cutting equi-
spaced grooves of uniform cross-section.
 The shaft with splines is called a splined shaft.
 The splines on the shaft, fit into the corresponding recesses in the
hub of the mounting, with a sliding fit, providing a positive drive
and at the same time permitting the latter to move axially along the
shaft.

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 Woodruff keys-Sunk keys
 It is a sunk key, in the form of a segment of a circular disc of uniform
thickness (Fig. 6.8 a).
 The keyway in the shaft is in the form of a circular recess to the same
curvature as the key.
 Woodruff key is mainly used on tapered shafts of machine tools and
automobiles.

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 Round keys-Sunk keys
 Round keys are of circular cross-section, usually tapered along the
length.
 A round key fits in the hole drilled partly in the shaft and partly in the hub.
 The mean diameter of the pin may be taken as 0.25 D, where D is shaft
diameter.
 Round keys are generally used for light duty, where the loads are not
considerable.

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 Cotter Joints
 A cotter is a flat wedge shaped piece, made of steel.
 It is uniform in thickness but tapering in width, generally on one
side; the usual taper being.
 The lateral (bearing) edges of the cotter and the bearing slots
are generally made semi-circular instead of straight.(Fig.6.10)
 This increases the bearing area and permits drilling while
making the slots.
 The cotter is locked in position by means of a screw. as shown
in Fig. 6.11.

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 Cotter Joints
 Cotter joints are used to connect two rods, subjected to
tensile or compressive forces along their axes.
 These joints are not suitable where the members are under
rotation.
 The following are some of the commonly used cotter joints:
1. Cotter joint with sleeve
2. Cotter joint with socket and spigot ends
3. Cotter joint with a gib

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 Cotter joint with sleeve
 This is the simplest of all cotter joints, used for fastening
two circular rods.
 The slots in the rods and sleeve are made slightly wider
than the width of cotter.
 The relative positions of the slots are such, that when a
cotter is driven into its position, it permits wedging action
and pulls the rod into the sleeve.

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 Cotter joint with socket and spigot ends
 This joint is also used to fasten two circular
rods.
 In this, the rod ends are modified instead of
using a sleeve. One end of the rod is formed
into a socket and the other into a spigot (Fig.
6.13) and slots are cut.
 After aligning the socket and spigot ends, a
cotter is driven-in through the slots, forming the
joint.

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 Cotter joint with a gib
 This joint is generally used to connect two rods of square or
rectangular cross-section.
 To make the joint, one end of the rod is formed into a U-
fork, into which, the end of the other rod fits in.
 When a cotter is driven-in, the friction between the cotter
and straps of the U-fork, causes the straps to open. This is
prevented by the use of a gib.

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 Pin Joint
 In a pin joint, a pin is used to fasten two rods that are
under the action of a tensile force; although the rods
may support a compressive force if the joint is guided.
 Some pin joints such as universal joints, use two pins and
are used to transmit power from one rotating shaft to
another.
 A pin joint permits a small amount of flexibility or one rod
may be positioned at an angle (in the plane containing the
rods) with respect to the other rod, after providing suitable
guides.
 Unlike in cotter joints, the pin in a pin joint is not driven in
with a force fit, but is inserted in the holes with a
clearance fit.
 The pin is held in position, by means of a taper pin or a
split pin provided at its end.

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