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Open and Closed Loop Systems

In an open loop control system, the output does not affect the control action and the system operates based solely on time. A closed loop system uses feedback where the output is compared to the input to generate an error signal and automatically adjusts to produce the desired output, making it more reliable and accurate though also more complex and expensive. An example comparison shows open loop systems are non-feedback based, non-reliable, unstable, and affected by disturbances while closed loop systems are feedback based, reliable, accurate, and able to optimize but slower.

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2K views3 pages

Open and Closed Loop Systems

In an open loop control system, the output does not affect the control action and the system operates based solely on time. A closed loop system uses feedback where the output is compared to the input to generate an error signal and automatically adjusts to produce the desired output, making it more reliable and accurate though also more complex and expensive. An example comparison shows open loop systems are non-feedback based, non-reliable, unstable, and affected by disturbances while closed loop systems are feedback based, reliable, accurate, and able to optimize but slower.

Uploaded by

Rutvik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Open Loop Control System

In open loop control system, the output does not affect the control action of the
system. In other words, the system whose working depends on time is known
as the open loop control system. The open loop system is free from the
feedback. Let’s understand this with the help of the few examples.

Example:-

Closed Loop Control System


The closed-loop control system means the output of the system depends
on their input. The system has one or more feedback loops between its output
and input. The closed-loop system design in such a way that they automatically
provide the desired output by comparing it with the actual input. The closed-
loop system generates the error signal which is the difference between the input
and output.

The closed loop system is more reliable and accurate. But this system is
very expensive and requires high maintenance.
Example:-

Comparison Chart

Basis For
Open Loop System Closed Loop System
Comparison

Definition The system whose In closed loop, the output


control action is free depends on the control
from the output is action of the system.
known as the open loop
control system.

Other Name Non-feedback System Feedback System

Components Controller and Amplifier, Controller,


Controlled Process. Controlled Process,
Feedback.

Construction Simple Complex

Reliability Non-reliable Reliable

Accuracy Depends on calibration Accurate because of


feedback.

Stability Stable Less Stable


Basis For
Open Loop System Closed Loop System
Comparison

Optimization Not-Possible Possible

Response Fast Slow

Calibration Difficult Easy

System Affected Not-affected


Disturbance

Linearity Non-linear Linear

Examples Traffic light, automatic Air conditioner,


washing machine, temperature control
immersion rod, TV system, speed and
remote etc. pressure control system,
refrigerator, toaster.

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