Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
G.R. No. L-6476 November 18, 1955
FRANCISCO DE BORJA as Executor of the Estate of the deceased JOSEFA TANGCO,
Alejo Mabanag and Luis Pangilinan, Jr. for petitioner.
David Guevara for respondents.
MONTEMAYOR, J.:
This is a petition for mandamus to compel respondent Judge Bienvenido A. Tan to approve
and admit the record on appeal filed before him and to give due course to the appeal. The
facts involved as gathered from the record may be briefly stated as follows. On October 25,
1940, petitioner Francisco de Borja filed a petition in the lower court for the probate of the
Last Will and Testament of his deceased wife Josefa Tangco. The will was probated on April
2, 1941, and named Francisco de Borja as executor thereof. One of the heirs who is now one
of the respondents herein Jose de Borja appealed the case to the Court of Appeals but later
his motion for dismissal of the appeal as granted. All the records of the case were destroyed
or lost during the last Pacific war but were on January 1, 1946, reconstituted. On March 26
of that year Francisco de Borja qualified as executor and administrator.
Due to the physical inability of Francisco de Borja to fully administer the estate he being
quite weak and unable to see, on August 25, 1951, on petition of Matilde de Borja, one of the
heirs, the lower court appointed Crisanto de Borja, another heir, as co-administrator.
Crisanto qualified as co-administrator on August 29, 1951.
On April 9, 1952, the trial court according to petitioner, without petition of or notice to
anyone appointed respondent Jose de Borja as co-administrator, this, after holding in
abeyance consideration of Francisco de Borja's amended account dated March 25, 1952.
Francisco, Matilde and Crisanto moved for reconsideration of the appointment of Jose de
Borja but by order of August 14, 1952, respondent Judge indirectly denied the motion for
reconsideration, and acting upon an alleged ex-parte petition of the heirs Jose, Crisanto,
Cayetano and Matilde, all surnamed De Borja, revoked the appointment of Crisanto as co-
administrator and directed administrator Jose de Borja to comment on the amended
account filed by Francisco de Borja.
On July 22, 1952, Francisco, Matilde and Crisanto filed a notice of appeal from the order
appointing Jose de Borja as co-administrator and the order denying the motion for
reconsideration and later they filed the corresponding record on appeal. By order of
December 27, 1952, respondent Judge Tan disapproved the record on appeal and refused to
give due course to the appeal on the ground that the appointment of Jose de Borja as co-
administrator was interlocutory in nature and so was not appealable. Hence, this petition
for mandamus, as already stated, to compel respondent Judge to approve the record on
appeal and to give due course to the appeal.
An order appointing a regular administrator is appealable (See Sy Hong Eng vs. Sy Liac Suy,
8 Phil., 594). On the other hand, according to Rule 105, section 1 (e) an order appointing a
special administrator is not appealable. Respondents contend that a co-administrator is not
a regular or general administrator, and his duties and functions rather partake those of a
special administrator; consequently, his appointment is not subject to appeal. We cannot
share this view. The powers and functions of a special administrator are quite limited.
Under Rule 81, section 1, a special administrator is appointed only when there is a delay in
granting letters testamentary or of administration occasioned by an appeal from allowance
or disallowance of a will or from any other cause, and such special administrator is
authorized to collect and take charge of the estate until the questions causing the delay are
decided and an executor or administrator thereon appointed. Under Rule 87 section 8, a
special administrator is also appointed when the regular executor or administrator has a
claim against the estate he represents and said special administrator shall have the same
power and subject to the same liability as a regular executor or administrator. In other
words, a special administrator is appointed only for a limited time and for a specific
purpose. Naturally, because of the temporary and special character of his appointment, it
was deemed by the law not advisable for any party to appeal from said temporary
appointment. On the other hand, a co-administrator performs all the functions and duties
and exercises all the powers of a regular administrator, only that he is not alone in the
administration. Further taking into consideration the circumstances obtaining in this case,
that petitioner Francisco de Borja though originally designated administrator, is and has for
several years been one only in name due to his physical and mental disability, as a result of
which respondent Jose de Borja is now practically the sole administrator there is no
question that for all practical and legal purposes the appointment of Jose de Borja as co-
administrator is equivalent to and has the same effect as a sole regular or general
administrator.
In view of the foregoing, holding that the appointment of a co-administrator, especially in
the present case, is appealable, the petition for mandamus is granted and respondent Judge
is hereby directed to approve the record on appeal and to give due course to the appeal. No
costs.
Paras, C.J., Bengzon, Padilla, Reyes, A., Jugo, Bautista Angelo, Labrador, Concepcion, and
Reyes, J.B.L., JJ., concur.
