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Campbell Biology Chapter 4: Terms in This Set

This document summarizes key terms from Campbell Biology Chapter 4 on organic chemistry and functional groups. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds ranging from simple to complex molecules like proteins. Isomers are organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures. There are several types of isomers including structural isomers and enantiomers. Functional groups are specific configurations of atoms commonly attached to carbon skeletons and involved in chemical reactions. Common functional groups include hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, and methyl groups.

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Angelene Pelayo
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206 views2 pages

Campbell Biology Chapter 4: Terms in This Set

This document summarizes key terms from Campbell Biology Chapter 4 on organic chemistry and functional groups. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds ranging from simple to complex molecules like proteins. Isomers are organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures. There are several types of isomers including structural isomers and enantiomers. Functional groups are specific configurations of atoms commonly attached to carbon skeletons and involved in chemical reactions. Common functional groups include hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, and methyl groups.

Uploaded by

Angelene Pelayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3/19/2021 Campbell Biology Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet

Campbell Biology Chapter 4


Terms in this set (39)

The branch of chemistry that specializes in the study


of carbon compounds. They range from simple
Organic Chemistry molecules such as methane, to colossal ones, such
as proteins. Most contain hydrogen atoms in
addition to carbon atoms.

an organic molecule made up of only carbon and


Hydrocarbons
hydrogen atoms.

organic compounds with the same molecular


Isomers formula but different structure and therefore
different properties.

Structural Isomers Differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.

Carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms,


cis trans isomers but these atoms differ in spatial arrangements due
to the inflexibility of double bonds.

Isomers that are mirror images of each other and


that differ in shape due to the presence of an
Enantiomers
asymmetric carbon, one that is attached to four
different atoms or groups of atoms.

A specific configuration of atoms commonly


Functional Groups attached to the carbon skeletons of organic
molecules and involved in chemical reactions.

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3/19/2021 Campbell Biology Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet

A hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom,

Hydroxyl group which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of


the organic molecule.

Consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen


carbonyl group
atom by a double bond.

When an oxygen atom is double bonded to a


carboxyl group
carbon atom that is also bonded to an -OH group.

Consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two


amino group
hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton.

Consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of


sulfhydryl group
hydrogen. It resembles a hydroxyl group in shape.

A phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen


phosphate group atoms, one oxygen is bonded to the carbon
skeleton, two oxygens carry negative charges.

Consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen


methyl group atoms. The carbon may be attached to a carbon or
to a different atom.

hydroxyl

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