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43 views11 pagesChapter 4
General biology
Uploaded by
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Carbon awd the molecular
Pivesty of ide.
are wade up of chemicw! based
Living Orgarisus
motty on the carbon element Carbon,
Carbone is unpwalleled im ibs abilidy +0
Porm molecules that eve lege , complex and varied
Organs chemistyy + The Study ef carbon
compounds
cowpeurd ravye Prom
colesse{ aues (Cilee prodient )
hydrogen
Organic Simpl polecules
(ile Cha) +e
Mes} organte
addition to
compourss — condarin
atous iw carbon extoms,
awl tt P ferent
WE ferent ies md
Pr Fhe Spi of ovyauisns
individuals within a gees are alistinguished by
We ther Organic proleeules.
Varied) ons
Uide lism! The iden deat arrise ealy im Oryanisng,
organic componed -
Was div proved when Scrahn — Syndnesis ue.
«
Orgaric molecule and the orgin oP Life!
Qlanley Miller exgeremend — Demonstrate the
abiotte synphesis OF organic compound.
Mille’ ergurmat Supper Aye ielen — Hhat" abretic
Synthesis of exgaute compouvals , Derhaps near _Volcancet , could
have been am early shage in the orgin ob Lifer
Mechanism: The view Haak puysicedl auol chenicedl Lowe
Sab pis
govrs alt natured Dhoom «
“The kay to an crfom chemical Chonctuistes 15 ike electron
coup ure which obetermines Fhe Kinds and vymbers of boude
an utom will Form — with otter adem «
LA) Garber Adon Usually complhe Ss valence shelby Sharing
Us 4 eclechae sidh edner crdort $0 Haat Q electrons
are orisent:
The Hace dlctmensional shage ada molecule 0 fen — delermines,
vhs Ruveb tow,
The Bow major atone compmats of organic moleeniee ave «
liydngen,. Oly gen cue! nitrogen bended with Curber.
Valmet aunber Of covalent fondt etn artom con Porm. The shan of three siete Oryamic molaules .
m ‘Moleclar “Srucural rand-Stick Model SpaceFiling
Name and Comment Mea
Formula, Formula (molec shape nk)
(@) Methane. when a
Nena fcurang bonds 0 4
athe tame ne mots ie i
tevanewa om Wen
i
ethane. ote nay hve
foe han one ened Hon
Ge ange bonded ia
Seat cents of Q ao
‘two such groups.) a on
(@ Etone (ethylene. when
rab atoms ae je
Dy aaoube bond al atoms cn ra
Seine sae pine: he “ Wea
mec ft
CO, is vory giuple molecule aud it ie cleardy — impordunt
Living weld as The Source
carbou
far all organic yeltoutis in Organisms -
Carbou chaive dorm the eheledo of mote organic
molecules. The eléelebon vary in Leth aud may
foes Stragts , provehed oy arranged in closed rings
Jol sont of tuem Vee clouble bends which
vary in number avel lection .
The variation in Catbon Skeletons is aim ivnQorhanch
Soe of the yroleutar compiexity avel ofivertdy thot
hal
Clavtecherize Living wodher- Four ways thet caver $Veletous com vary?
HHH
Se
elie A
Aw
thane Butane 2-Methylpropa
(commonly cated sebutare)
tbo skeletons vary in eng, Steletons may be unbranched o branched
HH HH KH H H gi eu
viet telat QO
HH 4 H : a . n .
"utene 2Buiene sone orton sits a armged dng te sted
Theseleton may hae dol bons, hich canary in laaon, Se fare exh comune Hh. ech cer
Hydeacarrhones ¢
Hydrecarbens are OFfuric wolrenles covsistiny oP only curbor and
aydrogin . Hydrcerbos ave He mae’ compeamis of petroleum
wubion te calla — ase ‘fel
Mains od cell's organic pralecule have regions covsisding
of only carbar ewd Iyydregen. Viet dats uslhich awe
Long bydlrecatben Aetl adeched bo 4 non hydrocarbon Component.
Nether getvolem wor dud disses in woder ; both are
aydee Phibic compuirds why 7
Be cease the grads 14, jig ob Her bards ane _releduvely
niom polor Carhow - tor Kyclregen Linkages.
Tn ts pesedions —Inyplro carbans release 4 lary? cmon fo
od ery -
me gpteline (car duel) consists of layelrocarbons » gual ide als
8 dats terme w Storeal duel emnined - Tae rte of ydlrocarbas ww date
ost
QiManmuhan adipur cells Store Pad rslecules ae
a Put reseve -
bt A fat welecnte consis of o Smell penlydrecarbor Comportah
jomed to three Mayokocorbs dail that txplain — doy the
Mnydrrphotic pelavior of Pads.
(Black: carbon / grey hydrogen / rol: eryger )
Lsemers $
Somers: Compends Mint have tir Some —nynpert off qtows of
7
Hae Same elements fut A Pferent Structure and ben
drf deat — prope tres . Tsomers types
©) Gructuet isons: affirm covalent armugenents of their adent
Fromple ou
hs 4
cugeects 4 4
wom on om on 8 How
HGS eS ea eaee Hw “ “4
oo oon on
Bete Mnwe Pre clecuter formula Cota , But tney differ
im the covalent evrary ennnd cof Heir carbon 2 keledon.
(sheagit in one connor but branched! a the Othe’)
: Ge J
Aoje:t The wim ber ©F possible tsemes —inertates dermtn oously
as Carhon Skeledan Increye in Sire.
% Ane are 2 forms oF Gh»
find 19 of Calle.
Awd 366.219 off Colby
1) Cis-draws Lsemes ( geo melric isomers ) +
Cavers \naue covalent tpowds de the Scme
hows — bud hf der tn their epatiol —arromye menhs
dhe to the whl bility of chuble bonols.
x x 4 x
SoHcr Se=er
c N 2 \
4 H x u
Cis VSomer The pure ave treme ISewert The fo Xe,
on Hoe Same Sele ae ew apposite Sides,
Ailes The Subtle af Jemrce in Shape — between Such fener
can afPeh Lye brelegiced caediuidies af Sryante wolecule, OD Croedtomers
sewers that sve wicrer wages ef each other anol Hot
ade ia Shape clue te Hhe presewe op an atymedric Carbone
asywedric Carbone! Carbone thf cubtnched do Four nL Penn t
atwt_ or grup of athoms .
Granple!
CoH co. asyete'
Wy pr Wie Me 4 WL
CHs Ns,
sso nn L. isomen D [bomers
Ls Lewe (tefhy D: Devtve C right)
ime won eAfcdive Him ortho
autor! | asinma | GPA
Usually owe isomer 15 biolegically aettve because
only dhod dorm Can pind do cee
Vw om Organi sie
fo molecules
The deberng eDfeche af evantionus in the body
Clemonstvate Hof Oryewisun tre censidve be ever dhe
mest Sublie, Varhadions In weleenlae cirehit ec hurt «
Enardioners ‘wapotand in QUarnacuetionl imductey « HS chew gems
The chistuehive properties of an OSryenic wolecule depend!
OV 9) The Carbon Skeledow errunyemeni
1) The chamitel groups adeched to hop eheledon .
The simplest —eryanie wroteeute [ hydroeurbens) 15 ne tanderlyiny
Prmewerk Far mow Complex ovyanie meleenies. How 7
A_wumber od chewied Yroufs can veplact eve ov meet
oF the lrydeagens bonded te He carbon Slectaton ov
Are Hyjelre carbon
The umber anal argent 0 Vhe groups help
gywe €oeh prolewle 48 Unique pre pterfies -
The cherieaf groups Mosk smaperdun
Av Ane preceses a) Lifes
dd ewe! Estradiol cy,
praetor cere
\
Ho:
Testosterone cr, |
Pomel CH Nermoney Male Sex Yormones
Frunahiewed oye chemicl groups aDPurd pmo leeuleer
Furedion by being dlivetly jnveluel in chemical Meaedieus. The seven Clremical qveups most twaperfem — ttn
Dpistegicad — processeg +
= Hyder gre 2 Ob
= Curbouy) YFP 2 =O
cook
1
Carboy)
gfe)
Iayelro philic
Aiwin 0
grep t
he
‘
Saf bypl 1
group
I)
Medny
Phasolmte areup
1 group
aydrophebic.
Chemical Groups
pol
‘fe hparaaeon
