Designation: C 553 – 02

Specification for
Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial
and Industrial Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 553; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-

1.1 This specification covers the classification, composition, ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
physical properties, and dimensions of mineral fiber (rock, the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus2
slag, or glass) blanket intended for use as thermal insulation on C 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Preformed
surfaces at temperatures below ambient or above ambient up to Thermal Insulation Lots2
1200°F (649°C). For specific applications, the actual tempera- C 411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
ture limit shall be agreed upon between the supplier and the Temperature Thermal Insulations2
purchaser. C 447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-
1.2 The orientation of the fibers within the blanket is ture of Thermal Insulations2
primarily parallel to the principal surface (face). This specifi- C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
cation does not cover fabricated pipe and tank wrap insulation Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus2
where the insulation has been cut and fabricated to provide a C 665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal In-
fiber orientation that is perpendicular to the surface (face). sulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured
1.3 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protec- Housing2
tive vapor retarders must be used in low temperature (below C 680 Practice for Determination of Heat Gain or Loss and
ambient) applications to prevent movement of water vapor the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Pipe and Equipment
through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Systems by the Use of a Computer Program2
1.4 This standard does not purport to provide the perfor- C 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission
mance requirements of hourly-rated fire systems. Consult the Properties from Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements2
manufacturer for the appropriate system. C 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation2
as the standard. The System International (SI) equivalents of C 1101/C 1101M Test Method for Classifying the Flexibil-
inch-pound units are given in parentheses and are for informa- ity or Rigidity of Mineral Fiber Blanket and Board
tion only and are approximate. Insulation2
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the C 1104/C 1104M Test Method for Determining the Water
safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation2
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and C 1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus2
limitations prior to use. C 1136 Specification for Flexible Low Permeance Vapor
Retarders for Thermal Insulations2
2. Referenced Documents C 1304 Test Method for Assessing the Odor Emission of
2.1 ASTM Standards: Thermal Insulation Materials2
C 167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket C 1335 Test Method for Measuring the Non-Fibrous Con-
or Batt Thermal Insulations2 tent of Man-Made Rock and Slag Mineral Fiber Insula-
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation2 tions2
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials3
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
2.2 Other Referenced Documents:
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.23 on CAN/ULC-S102–M88 Standard Method of Test for Surface
Blanket and Loose Fill.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved 2001 as C 553 – 01.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 C 553 – 02
Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assem- 6.2.1 The purchaser shall specify whether the insulation
blies4 shall be supplied plain or with facing, and if faced, shall
specify the type and its requirements.
3. Terminology (Warning—The user of this specification is advised that the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this specification, maximum use temperature of facing and adhesives may be
refer to Terminology C 168. lower than the maximum use temperature of the insulation. The
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: user of this specification shall ensure that sufficient insulation
3.2.1 mean temperature—the sum of the cold surface tem- thickness is installed so that none of these accessory items
perature and the hot surface temperature divided by two. (facings and adhesives) are exposed to temperatures above
3.2.2 shot—shot is defined, for the purposes of this docu- their maximum use temperature. Practice C 680 can be used to
ment, as that material which cannot be brushed or mechani- determine surface temperatures.)
cally shaken through No. 100 (150µm) sieve. 6.2.2 The vapor retarder facings shall be in accordance with
specification C 1136.
4. Classification 6.2.3 Typical facing is as follows (others are available):
4.1 Mineral fiber blanket insulation covered by this speci- 6.2.3.1 Aluminum foil, reinforced fiber glass scrim, and
fication shall be classified into seven types shown in Table 1. natural (brown) kraft paper laminate (facing) is known as FRK
The classification is based upon the insulations’ maximum use or FSK,
temperature and apparent thermal conductivity. 6.2.3.2 White kraft paper, reinforced fiber glass scrim, and
aluminum foil laminate (facing) is known as ASJ (All Service
5. Ordering Information Jacket),
5.1 The type, dimensions, maximum use temperature, and 6.2.3.3 Aluminum foil, reinforced fiber glass scrim, and
facing shall be specified by the purchaser. A product certifica- plastic film (example: polyethylene) laminate (facing) is
tion (if required) shall be specified in the purchase order. known as FSP (Foil - Scrim - Polyethylene),
6.2.3.4 Aluminum foil, and
6. Materials and Manufacture 6.2.3.5 Vinyl film.
6.1 Composition—Mineral fiber blanket insulation shall be
composed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten 7. Physical Property Requirements
state into fibrous form bonded with an organic or inorganic 7.1 The insulation shall be classified as flexible, when tested
binder, or both. Asbestos shall not be used as an ingredient or in accordance with 11.7.
component part of the product. 7.2 The insulation type shall conform to the following
6.2 Facings: requirements in Table 1: maximum use temperature, apparent
thermal conductivity, water vapor sorption, and surface burn-
ing characteristics.
7.3 Odor Emission—A detectable odor of objectionable
4
Available from Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, 7 Crouse Road, Scarbor- nature recorded by more than two of the five panel members
ough, Ontario, Canada M1R 3A9.

TABLE 1 Physical Property RequirementsA

Properties Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI Type VII
Maximum Use Temperature °F (°C) Up to 450 Up to 450 Up to 450 Up to 850 Up to 1000 Up to 1000 Up to 1200
See Paragraph 6.2.1 - Warning (232) (232) (232) (454) (538) (538) (649)
Apparent Thermal Conductivity
Max. Btu·in./h·ft2·°F (W/m·K)
Mean Temperatures
°F (°C)
75 (24) 0.36 (0.052) 0.31 (0.045) 0.26 (0.038) 0.25 (0.036) 0.31 (0.045) 0.26 (0.038) 0.25 (0.036)
100 (38) 0.39 (0.056) 0.33 (0.048) 0.28 (0.040) 0.27 (0.039) 0.33 (0.048) 0.28 (0.040) 0.27 (0.039)
200 (93) 0.55 (0.079) 0.44 (0.063) 0.36 (0.052) 0.34 (0.049) 0.44 (0.063) 0.36 (0.052) 0.34 (0.049)
300 (149) 0.76 (0.110) 0.60 (0.087) 0.46 (0.066) 0.43 (0.062) 0.60 (0.087) 0.46 (0.066) 0.43 (0.062)
400 (204) 0.55 (0.079) 0.89 (0.128) 0.60 (0.087) 0.55 (0.079)
500 (260) 0.70 (0.101) 1.10 (0.159) 0.80 (0.115) 0.70 (0.101)
600 (316) 1.50 (0.216) 1.05 (0.151) 0.89 (0.128)
700 (371) 1.13 (0.163)
Water Vapor SorptionB 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
% by Weight, max
Surface Burning Characteristics
Flame Spread Index, max 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Smoke Developed Index, max 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
A
Additional physical property requirements, refer to Section 7.
B
Water sorption characteristics may change after the product is subject to elevated temperatures within normal service conditions.

2
 C 553 – 02
shall constitute rejection of the material when tested in 9. Workmanship
accordance with 11.5. 9.1 The insulation shall have good workmanship and shall
7.4 Corrosiveness to Steel—When tested and evaluated in not have defects which adversely affect its installation and
accordance with 11.6, any corrosion resulting from the unfaced performance qualities.
insulation in contact with steel plates shall be judged to be no
greater than for comparative plates in contact with sterile 10. Sampling
cotton. 10.1 Inspection and qualification of the insulation shall be in
(Warning— There are facing adhesives that can cause accordance with Criteria C 390, or as otherwise specified in the
corrosion to steel when in contact with water or water vapor purchase order or contract as agreed upon between the pur-
and the steel. Currently, there is no test method available to chaser and the supplier.
satisfy every potential corrosion application.)
7.5 Non-Fibrous (Shot) Content—The averaged maximum 11. Test Methods
shot content of rock or slag mineral fiber products, Types I 11.1 Non-Fibrous (Shot) Content of Inorganic Fibrous
through VII as shown in Table 1, shall not exceed 30 % by Thermal Insulation—Shall be tested in accordance with Test
weight as defined in 11.1. Non-fibrous content is not applicable Method C 1335.
to glass mineral fiber products. 11.2 Apparent Thermal Conductivity:
7.6 Maximum Use Temperature—Shall be tested in accor- 11.2.1 The thermal conductivity as a function of tempera-
dance with 11.3, the insulation with facing shall not warp, ture for the representative specimens shall be determined with
flame or glow during hot surface exposure. No evidence of data obtained from a series of thermal tests utilizing Test
melting or fiber degradation shall be evident upon post-test Methods C 177, C 518, or C 1114 as appropriate for the
inspection. material under study. Specimen shall be tested unfaced and at
7.7 Maximum Exothermic Temperature Rise—Shall be a maximum thickness of 2 in. (51 mm).
tested in accordance with 11.3, the mid-point temperature shall 11.2.1.1 Test Method C 518 shall not be used at tempera-
not at any point in time exceed the hot surface temperature by tures or resistances other than those in the range of the
more than 200°F (111°C). The 200°F (111°C) criterion applies calibration.
during heat-up as well as steady state conditions. Exceeding 11.2.1.2 Test Method C 1114 shall not be used at tempera-
this limit shall constitute non-compliance to specification and tures or resistance ranges other than those with comparable
rejection. results to Test Method C 177.
11.2.2 The test method selected shall have proven correla-
8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations tion with C 177 over the temperature range of conditions used.
8.1 The standard sizes and tolerances of mineral fiber In cases of dispute, C 177 shall be considered as the final
blanket insulation are listed in Table 2. Specific sizes and authority for material having flat geometry.
tolerances shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and 11.2.3 Practice C 1058 shall be used to obtain recommended
supplier. test temperature combinations for testing purposes.
8.2 The maximum density (determined in accordance with 11.2.4 As specified in C 1045, the range of test conditions
Test Method C 167) specified in Table 3 for Type(s) I through must include at least one test where the hot surface temperature
Type VII are for weight design purposes only. is greater than, or equal to, the hot limit of the temperature
range of desired data and at least one test where the cold
surface temperature is less than, or equal to, the cold limit of
TABLE 2 Sizes and TolerancesA the temperature range desired. Additional tests, at least two
Mineral Fiber Blanket additional, shall be distributed somewhat evenly over the rest
Sizes Tolerances
Length
of the temperature range.
Rolls 50 ft. (15 m) −0 in., excess permitted 11.2.5 Final analysis of the thermal data shall be conducted
75 ft. (23 m) in accordance with C 1045 to generate a thermal conductivity
100 ft. (30 m)
150 ft. (48 m) versus temperature relationship for the specimen.
200 ft. (61 m) 11.2.6 Final step of C 1045 analysis would be to calculate
Blanket 24 in. (610 mm) 61⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) the thermal conductivity using the equations generated at a set
36 in. (914 mm)
48 in. (1219 mm) of mean temperatures for comparison to the specification.
96 in. (2438 mm) (Warning— While it is recommended that the specification
Width data be presented as conductivity versus temperature, several
Rolls 24 in. (610 mm) 61⁄2 in. (12.7 mm)
48 in. (1219 mm) existing specifications may contain mean temperature data
96 in. (2438 mm) from tests conducted at specific hot and cold surface tempera-
Blanket 12 in. (305 mm) 61⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) tures. In these cases, the conductivity as a function of tempera-
24 in. (610 mm)
36 in. (914 mm) ture from the C 1045 analysis may provide different results. To
48 in. (1219 mm) insure that the data is compatible, a C 680 analysis, using the
Thickness
1 in. (25.4 mm) to 6 in. (152 −1⁄8in. (3.2 mm) excess
conductivity versus temperature relationship from C 1045 and
mm) in 1⁄2in. (12.7 mm) permitted the specific hot and cold surface temperatures, is required to
increments determine the effective thermal conductivity for comparison to
A
Other sizes available upon request. the specification requirements.)

3
 C 553 – 02
TABLE 3 Maximum Density for Weight Design Purposes Only
Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI Type VII
Maximum density, lb/ft3
(kg/m3), for weight design 6.0 (96) 6.0 (96) 6.0 (96) 8.0 (128) 10 (160) 10 (160) 12 (192)
purposes only

11.3 Maximum Use Temperature and Exothermic Tempera- 13. Inspection

ture Rise—Shall be tested in accordance with Test Method 13.1 The following requirements shall be generally em-
C 411 and the hot surface performance section of Practice ployed for purposes of acceptance sampling of lots or ship-
C 447 at the manufacturer’s maximum recommend thickness ments of qualified insulation:
for each temperature. The test surface shall be at the intended 13.1.1 Dimensional tolerance, and
surface temperature when test begins. No special requirements 13.1.2 Workmanship.
for heat-up shall be specified by the manufacturer to qualify
product compliance with either maximum use temperature or 14. Rejection
maximum exothermic temperature rise. 14.1 Failure to conform to the requirements in this specifi-
11.4 Surface Burning Characteristics—Test in accordance cation shall constitute cause for rejection. Rejection shall be
with Test Method E 84. For Canada, test in accordance with reported to the manufacturer or seller promptly and in writing.
Test Method CAN/ULC-S102–M88. Test with facing and The manufacturer and supplier have the right to verify rejected
adhesive in place, if facing is intended to be on the end product. products.
11.5 Odor Emission—Test in accordance with Test Method 15. Certification
C 1304. 15.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
11.6 Corrosion to Steel—Test in accordance with the cor- manufacturer’s or seller’s certification shall be furnished to the
rosiveness method of Specification C 665. purchaser stating that samples representing each lot have been
11.7 Flexibility and Rigidity—Test in accordance with Test manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance with this
Method C 1101/C 1101M (except use 1 in. (25.4 mm) thick specification and the requirements have been met. A report of
material) for classifying the flexibility of mineral fiber blanket the test results shall be furnished when specified in the
insulation. purchase order or contract.
11.8 Water Vapor Sorption—Test in accordance with Test
16. Packaging and Package Marking
Method C 1104/C 1104M for determining the water vapor
sorption of unfaced mineral fiber insulation. 16.1 Packaging—Unless otherwise specified, the insulation
shall be packaged in the manufacturer’s standard commercial
12. Qualification Requirements containers.
16.2 Markings—Unless otherwise specified, each container
12.1 The following requirements shall be employed for the shall be plainly marked with the manufacturer’s name, manu-
purpose of product qualification: facturer’s address, the product name, type, quantity, nominal
12.1.1 Flexibility, dimensions, facing, manufacturer’s lot or date code, and the
12.1.2 Maximum use temperature, generic identification of the material in the container.
12.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity, 16.3 When specified in the purchase order or contract, each
12.1.4 Water vapor sorption, container shall also be marked with the appropriate Specifica-
12.1.5 Odor emission, tion alpha-numeric number and type.
12.1.6 Surface burning characteristics, 17. Keywords
12.1.7 Corrosiveness, and 17.1 blanket; glass fiber; high temperature; mineral fiber
12.1.8 Shot content. insulation; rock fiber; shot; shot content; slag fiber

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