TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
FLUIDS MECHANICS, LEC – PCE7M
PLATE NO: 5
Analysis of Gravity Dams
BERNARDO, KATHRYNE R.
NAME
BSCE – 3B
COURSE AND SECTION
ENGR. BON RYAN PEREZ ANIBAN
INSTRUCTOR
NOVEMBER 16, 2020
DATE SUBMITTED
1. The section of the masonry dam is as shown. The specific weight of water is 9.81 kN/m^3 and
that of concrete is 23.54 kN/m^3. Assuming uplift pressure varies linearly from maximum
hydrostatic pressure at the heel to zero at the location of the drain, determine the
(a) location of the resultant force,
(b) factor of safety against sliding if coefficient of friction is 0.75,
(c) factor of safety against overturning,
(d) the pressure at the heel and at the toe.
𝑤4 𝑤2
𝑤3
𝑤1
I. Considering 1 m length of dam (perpendicular to the sketch)
II. Forces acting on the Dam:
A. Vertical Forces
1. Weight of the dam
𝑊 = 𝛾𝑉
1
𝑊1 = 23.54 [( ) (5.20)(52)(1)] = 3182.608 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑊2 = 23.54[(7)(52)(1)] = 8568.560 𝑘𝑁
1
𝑊3 = 23.54 [( ) (26)(52)(1)] = 15913.040 𝑘𝑁
2
2. Weight of the water in the upstream side (if any)
1
𝑊4 = 9.81 [( ) (5)(50)(1)] = 1226.250 𝑘𝑁
2
3. Hydrostatic Uplift
1
𝑈 = ( )(50)(9.81)(23.2)(1) = 5689.800 𝑘𝑁
2
B. Horizontal Force
1. Total Hydrostatic Force acting at the vertical projection of the submerged portion of the
dam
𝐹 = 𝛾ℎ̅𝐴 = 9.81(25)(50)(1) = 12262.500 𝑘𝑁
III. Reactions:
1. Horizontal Reaction, 𝑅𝑥:
𝑅𝑥 = 𝐹 = 12262.500 𝑘𝑁
2. Vertical Reaction, 𝑅𝑦:
𝑅𝑦 = 𝑊 1 + 𝑊 2 + 𝑊3 + 𝑊4 − 𝑈
= 3182.608 𝑘𝑁 + 8568.560 𝑘𝑁 + 15913.040 𝑘𝑁 + 1226.250 𝑘𝑁 − 5689.800 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑦 = 23200.658 𝑘𝑁
IV. Moment about the toe:
1. Righting Moment, RM:
𝑅𝑀 = 𝑊1(34.733) + 𝑊2(29.500) + 𝑊3(17.333) + 𝑊4(36.533)
= 3182.608(34.733) + 8568.560(29.500) + 15913.040(17.333)
+ 1226.250(36.533)
𝑅𝑀 = 683940.0635 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2. Overturning Moment. OM:
50 50
𝑂𝑀 = 𝐹 ( ) + 𝑈(30.467) = 12262.500 ( ) + 5689.800(30.467)
3 3
𝑂𝑀 = 377724.2402 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
V. Location of 𝑅𝑦 (x):
𝑅𝑀 − 𝑂𝑀 683940.0635 − 377724.2402
𝑥= = = 13.199 < 𝐵/2
𝑅𝑦 23200.658
Factor of Safety
𝜇𝑅𝑦 0.75(23200.658)
𝐹𝑆𝑠 = = = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟗 > 𝟏 𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬
𝑅𝑥 12262.500
𝑅𝑀 683940.0635
𝐹𝑆𝑜 = = = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟏 > 𝟏 𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬
𝑂𝑀 377724.2402
Foundation Pressure
𝐵 38.2 𝐵
𝑒= −𝑥= − 13.199 = 5.901 𝑚 <
2 2 6
𝑅𝑦 6𝑒 23200.658 6(5.901)
𝑞𝐻 = − (1 − ) = (1 − )= −𝟒𝟒. 𝟑𝟖𝟐 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝐵 𝐵 38.2 38.2
𝑅𝑦 6𝑒 23200.658 6(5.901)
𝑞𝑇 = − (1 + ) = (1 + )= −𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟐 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝐵 𝐵 38.2 38.2
2. A dam is triangular in cross section with the upstream vertical. Water is flush at the top. The
dam is 8 m high and 6 m wide at the bottom, and weighs 23.5 kN per cu. m. The coefficient of
friction between the base and the foundation is 0.80. Hydrostatic uplift varies from full at the
heel to zero at the toe.
a. Determine the factor of safety against overturning
b. Determine the factor of safety against sliding
c. Determine the maximum pressure at the base of the dam
I. Considering 1 m length of dam (perpendicular to the sketch)
II. Forces acting on the Dam:
A. Vertical Forces
1. Weight of the dam
𝑊 = 𝛾𝑉
1
𝑊 = 23.5 [( ) (6)(8)(1)] = 564.000 𝑘𝑁
2
2. Weight of the water in the upstream side (if any) – X
3. Hydrostatic Uplift
1
𝑈 = [(8)(9.81)](6)(1) = 235.440 𝑘𝑁
2
B. Horizontal Force
2. Total Hydrostatic Force acting at the vertical projection of the submerged portion of the
dam
𝐹 = 𝛾ℎ̅𝐴 = (9.81)(4)(8)(1) = 313.920 𝑘𝑁
III. Reactions:
1. Horizontal Reaction, 𝑅𝑥:
𝑅𝑥 = 𝐹 = 313.920 𝑘𝑁
2. Vertical Reaction, 𝑅𝑦:
𝑅𝑦 = 𝑊 − 𝑈 = 564.000 𝑘𝑁 − 235.440 𝑘𝑁 = 328.560 𝑘𝑁
IV. Moment about the toe:
1. Righting Moment, RM:
𝑅𝑀 = 𝑊(4) = 564(4) = 2256.000 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
2. Overturning Moment. OM:
8 2 8 2
𝑂𝑀 = 𝐹 ( ) + 𝑈 ( ) (6) = 313.92 ( ) + 235.440 𝑘𝑁 ( ) (6) = 1778.880 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
3 3 3 3
V. Location of 𝑅𝑦 (x):
𝑅𝑀 − 𝑂𝑀 2256 − 1778.88
𝑥= = = 1.452 < 𝐵/2
𝑅𝑦 328.560
Factor of Safety
𝜇𝑅𝑦 0.80(328.560 𝑘𝑁)
𝐹𝑆𝑠 = = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟕 < 𝟏 𝑼𝑵𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬
𝑅𝑥 313.920 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑀 2256.000 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
𝐹𝑆𝑜 = = = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔𝟖 > 𝟏 𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬
𝑂𝑀 1778.880 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
Foundation Pressure
𝐵 𝐵
𝑒= − 𝑥 = 3 − 1.452 = 1.548 𝑚 >
2 6
2𝑅𝑦 2(328.560)
𝑞𝑇 = − =− = −𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟖 𝒌𝑷𝒂
3𝑥 3(1.452)
