MODUL BUSINESS ENGLISH

(ESA 134)
MODUL SESI 7
Problem Solving

DISUSUN OLEH
LINDA PURNAMASARI S.S., M. Si

UNIVERSITAS ESA UNGGUL

2020

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 Problem Solving

A. Kemampuan Akhir Yang Diharapkan

1. Mahasiswa mampu memahami permasalahan dalam bahasa Inggris
2. Mahasiswa mampu memahami teks menyarankan seseorang memecahkan
masalahnya.
Setelah mempelajari modul ini, diharapkan mahasiswa mampu :
1.Mahasiswa mampu membuat percakapan dalam bahasa Inggris sendiri
2.Mahasiswa mampu mempraktekan apa yang sudah diajarkan dalam pelajaran ini

B. URAIAN DAN CONTOH

PROBLEM

Nobody in this world doesn’t have any problem. What does it means?
It means everybody has that. You can find the problems everywhere, such as
in a workplace, in the market, at school, in the campus, etc.

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 It seems that life is so hard, isn’t it?

Therefore, from now on you need to possess new paradigm

towards problems. You should welcome and get them in
touch enthusiastically. In real life, one characteristic of
adult people is problem solving ability.

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 There are some steps to solve problems:
1. Determine what the problem is.
2. Prepare any possible alternatives
3. Compare advantages and
disadvantages of each alternatives
4. Choose the best choices

Structuring the Problem.

Stage One: Identifying the Problem
Before being able to confront a problem its existence needs to be
identified. This might seem an obvious statement but, quite often,
problems will have an impact for some time before they are
recognized or brought to the attention of someone who can do
anything about them.
Example: In every organization, it is possible to set up formal
systems of communication so that problems are
reported early on, but inevitably these systems do not
always work. Once a problem has been identified, its
exact nature needs to be determined:
what are the goal and barrier components of the
problem? Some of the main elements of the problem can
be outlined, and a first attempt at defining the problem

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 should be made. This definition should be clear
enough for you to be able to easily explain the nature
of the problem to others.

GOAL (I want to...) BARRIER (but…)

Tell a friend that we find I don't want to hurt their
something they do irritating. feelings.
Buy a new computer. I'm not sure which model to
get or how much money is
reasonable to spend.
Set up a new business. I don't know where to start.

Looking at the problem in terms of goals and barriers can offer an effective
way of defining many problems and splitting bigger problems into more
manageable sub- problems.

Sometimes it will become apparent that what seems to be a single

problem, is more accurately a series of sub-problems. For example, in the
problem:
“I have been offered a job that I want, but I don't have the transport to
get
there and I don't have enough money to buy a car.”

“I want to take a job” (main problem)

“But I don't have transport to get there” (sub-problem 1)
“And I don't have enough money to buy a car” (sub-problem 2)
Useful ways of describing more complex problems are shown in the section,
'Structuring the Problem', below.

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 Problem Working Definition
“I want to take a job, but I don‟t have “I want to take this job.”
the transport to get there and I don‟t
have enough money to buy a car.”

Stage Two: Structuring the Problem

The second stage of the problem solving process involves gaining a
deeper understanding of the problem. Firstly, facts need to be
checked.

Problem Checking Facts

“I want to take a job, but I don‟t have “Do I really want a job?”
the transport to get there “Do I really have no access to
and I don‟t have enough money to buy a transport?”
car.” “Can I really not afford to buy a
car?”

The questions have to be asked, is the stated goal the real goal?
Are the barriers actual barriers and what other barriers are there? In
this example, the problem at first seems to be:

Goal Barrier 1 Barrier 2

Take the job No transport No money

This is also a good opportunity to look at the relationships between

the key elements of the problem. For example, in the 'Job-
Transport-Money' problem, there are strong connections between all
the elements.

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 By looking at all the relationships between the key elements, it
appears that the problem is more about how to achieve any one of
three things, i.e. job, transport or money, because solving one of these
sub-problems will, in turn, solve the others.

Chain Diagrams

Chain diagrams are powerful and simple ways of representing problems using a
combination of diagrams and words. The elements of the problem are set out in
words, usually placed in boxes, and positioned in different places on a sheet of
paper, using lines to represent the relationship between them.

Chain Diagrams are the simplest type, where all the elements are presented in an
ordered list, each element being connected only with the elements immediately
before and after it. Chain diagrams usually represent a sequence of events
needed for a solution. A simple example of a chain diagram illustrates the job-
transport-money
example as as follows:

Get Money Get Transport Take Job

Listing

Listing the elements of a problem can also help to represent priorities, order and
sequences in the problem. Goals can be listed in order of importance and barriers
in order of difficulty. Separate lists could be made of related goals or barriers.
The barriers could be listed in the order in which they need to be solved, or
elements of the problem classified in a number of different ways. There are many
possibilities, but the aim is to provide a clearer picture of the problem.

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 Problem
„I want to take a job, but I don‟t have the
transport to get there and I don‟t have
enough money to buy a car.‟
Order in which barriers need to be solved
1. Get money
2. Get car
3. Get job

A visual representation and a working definition together makes it far easier to describe a
problem to others. Many problems will be far more complex than the example used here.

(https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/problem-solving2.html)

Social Problem-Solving

Social problem-solving might also be called „problem-solving in real life‟. In other words, it is a
rather academic way of describing the systems and processes that we use to solve the problems
that we encounter in our everyday lives.

The word „social‟ does not mean that it only applies to problems that we solve with other people,
or, indeed, those that we feel are caused by others. The word is simply used to indicate the „real
life‟ nature of the problems, and the way that we approach them.

A Model of Social Problem-Solving

One of the main models used in academic studies of social problem-solving was put
forward by a group led by Thomas D‟Zurilla.

This model includes three basic concepts or elements:

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This is defined as the process used by an individual, pair or group to find an effective solution
for a particular problem. It is a self-directed process, meaning simply that the individual or
group does not have anyone telling them what to do. Parts of this process include generating
lots of possible solutions and selecting the best from among them.

Problem

A problem is defined as any situation or task that needs some kind of a response if it is to be
managed effectively, but to which no obvious response is available. The demands may be
external, from the environment, or internal.

Solution

A solution is a response or coping mechanism which is specific to the problem or situation. It is

the outcome of the problem-solving process. Once a solution has been identified, it must then
be implemented. D‟Zurilla‟s model distinguishes between problem-solving (the process that
identifies a solution) and solution implementation (the process of putting that solution into
practice), and notes that the skills required for the two are not necessarily the same. It also
distinguishes between two parts of the problem-solving process: problem orientation and
actual problem-solving.

Problem Orientation

Problem orientation is the way that people approach problems, and how they set them into the
context of their existing knowledge and ways of looking at the world.

Each of us will see problems in a different way, depending on our experience and skills, and this
orientation is key to working out which skills we will need to use to solve the problem.

An Example of Orientation

Most people, on seeing a spout of water coming from a loose joint between a tap and a pipe, will
probably reach first for a cloth to put round the joint to catch the water, and then a phone,
employing their research skills to find a plumber.

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A plumber, however, or someone with some experience of plumbing, is more likely to
reach for tools to mend the joint and fix the leak. It‟s all a question of orientation.

Problem-solving includes four key skills:

Defining the problem,

Coming up with alternative solutions,

Making a decision about which solution to use, and

Implementing that solution.

Based on this split between orientation and problem-solving, D‟Zurilla and colleagues defined
two scales to measure both abilities. They defined two orientation dimensions, positive and
negative, and three problem-solving styles, rational, impulsive/careless and avoidance. They
noted that people who were good at orientation were not necessarily good at problem-solving
and vice versa, although the two might also go together.

The skills required for positive problem orientation are:

1. Being able to see problems as „challenges‟, or opportunities to gain something,
rather than insurmountable difficulties at which it is only possible to fail.

2. Believing that problems are solvable. While this, too, may be considered an aspect of
mindset, it is also important to use techniques of Positive Thinking;

3. Believing that you personally are able to solve problems successfully, which is at least in
part an aspect of self-confidence.

4. Understanding that solving problems successfully will take time and effort, which may
require a certain amount of resilience;

5. Motivating yourself to solve problems immediately, rather than putting them off.

(https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/social-problem-solving.html)

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Conversation

Lost Money

One Day Jesicca lost her money in her bag,she looks so sad and Barbara comes.
Barbara : Jessica, why do you look so sad ?
(Jessica, mengapa Anda terlihat begitu sedih?)
Jesicca : I have some problems Barbara .
(Saya memiliki beberapa masalah Barbara).
Barbara : What happened to you, Jes ?
(Apa yang Terjadi dengan Anda, Jes?)
Jessica : I'm very confused ! Because my money was lost .
(Saya sangat bingung karena uang saya hilang).
Barbara : What ? Are you serious ? And when ?
(Apa? Apakah Anda serius? Dan kapan?)
Jesicca : Yesterday .I'm afraid to talk to my mom about it.
(Kemarin .Saya takut untuk berbicara dengan ibu saya tentang hal itu).
Barbara : Jesicca , if you have some problem you should talk your family.
Jesicca : Yeah, but with who ? My father is not in my house.
(Yah, tetapi dengan siapa? Ayahku tinggal di rumahku).
Barbara : In my opinion you must talk to your mother, and you should talk all about your
problem. Your mother will understand with you.
(Menurut pendapatku, anda harus bicara dengan ibumu, dan anda harus bicarakan
semua masalah anda. Ibu anda akan mengerti tentang anda)
Jesicca : Do you think so ?
(Begitu menurut anda?)
Barbara : Oh yeah, dont be afraid Jesicca , all is well.
(Oh, ya, jangan takut Jesicca, semua akan baik-baik saja.)
Jesicca : Hemzz ,, ok ,I will talk to my mom.Thanks for Your suggestion Barbara.
(Hm... ok. Aku akan bicara dengan ibu. Terima kasih atas saran anda, Barbara)
Barbara : You're welcome Jesicca dont sad again ok ,,
(Sama-sama Jesicca. Jangan sedih lagi. Ok).
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 (taken from https://brainly.co.id/tugas/3469704)

Dialogue between patient and doctor

A: Good morning, Mrs. Walt. What seems to be the problem?
(Selamat pagi, Nyonya Walt. Ada masalah apa?)
B: I couldn’t sleep for three days, doctor.
(Saya tidak bisa tidur selama tiga hari, dokter ).
Do you have any suggestion to help me with my sleeping problem?
(Apakah Anda memiliki saran untuk membantu saya dengan masalah tidur yang saya
miliki?)

A: There are actually a few simple solution to your problem.

(Sebenarnya ada beberapa solusi sederhana untuk masalah Anda).
You could try exercising a few hours before you sleep, turn off your phone at least 10 minutes
before your sleep schedule, and turn off the lights of your room to help your eyes rest.
(Anda bisa mencoba berolahraga beberapa jam sebelum Anda tidur, matikan ponsel Anda
setidaknya 10 menit sebelum jadwal tidur Anda, dan matikan lampu kamar untuk membantu
mata Anda beristirahat).
Have you tried any of that before?
(Apakah Anda sudah mencoba hal-hal itu sebelumnya?)

B: I haven’t, doctor. I will try that tonight.

(Belum, dokter. Saya akan mencobanya malam ini)

A: That would be a good idea.

(Itu ide yang bagus ).
However, since you haven’t slept for three days, I will prescribe you a little bit of sleeping pills
to help you rest tonight too.
(Akan tetapi, karena Anda belum tidur selama tiga hari, saya akan memberikan resep sedikit
obat tidur untuk membantu Anda beristirahat malam ini juga.)

B: Alright, I understand.
(Baiklah, saya mengerti).
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 Thank you so much, doctor.
( Terima kasih banyak, dokter)

Choosing Dress

A: Hey, Candice!
(Hei, Candice! )
What are you doing right now?
(Apa yang sedang Anda lakukan saat ini?)

B: Hey, Jane.
(Hei, Jane).
I’m just rummaging through my wardrobe to find something to wear.
(Saya hanya sedang membongkar lemari pakaian untuk mencari sesuatu untuk dikenakan.
I’m going on a date tonight with Jack.
(Saya akan berkencan dengan Jack malam ini).
What do you think should I wear?
(Menurutmu apa yang sebaiknya saya kenakan?)

A: Oh that’s nice!
(Oh, itu bagus! )
Where are you going on a date to?
(Anda akan pergi ke mana untuk berkencan ini?)

B: I think we’re going to a little fancy restaurant.

(Sepertinya kami akan pergi ke restoran yang sedikit mewah)

A: I think you should wear that blue dress of yours.

(Menurut saya, Anda sebaiknya mengenakan gaun biru yang Anda punya itu)
It’s cute and fancy but not too much either).
Itu lucu dan mewah, namun tidak terlalu berlebihan juga)

B: I was thinking the same thing!

(Saya memikirkan hal yang sama!)

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 Thank you so much for your advice.
(Terima kasih banyak atas saran Anda)

A: No problem!
(Tidak masalah!)
Have fun on your date tonight.
(Selamat bersenang-senang saat berkencan malam ini)

Suggestion While You are Sleepy

A: Hey, Bob. You look so tired.

(Hai, Bob. Anda terlihat lelah sekali).
Did you get enough sleep last night?
(Apakah Anda cukup tidur semalam?)

B: Not really, I only slept for 4 hours last night because I was staying up all night doing my
homework. I’m so sleepy now.
(Tidak juga, saya hanya tidur selama 4 jam semalam karena saya begadang mengerjakan
tugas).
Do you know what I should do to not get sleepy in class?
(Apakah Anda tahu apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan untuk tidak mengantuk di kelas?)

A: You should try drinking a lot of water, I heard that it helps because it gives you the oxygen so
you won’t get sleepy.
(Anda sebaiknya mencoba meminum banyak air, Saya dengar itu membantu karena memberikan
oksigen agar Anda tidak mengantuk).
You should also sit at the front row, that way you won’t be able to sleep in class.
(Anda juga sebaiknya duduk di barisan depan, dengan begitu Anda tidak akan bisa tidur di
kelas)

B: I think I will do your first advice.

(Sepertinya saya akan melakukan saran yang pertama).
I don’t really want to sit at the front row, though. But thank you.
(Saya tidak terlalu ingin duduk di baris depan. Namun, terima kasih)
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Suggestion To Shop Online

A: That dress looks so good on you!

(Gaun itu terlihat bagus sekali padamu!)
Where did you bought it?
( Dari mana Anda membelinya?)

B: I bought it online!
(Saya membelinya online! )
Isn’t it cute?
(Tidakkah itu lucu?)
It’s really cheap too.
(Ini sangat murah juga)

A: You have got to tell me which online marketplace did you use.
(Anda harus memberitahu saya tempat belanja online apa yang Anda gunakan).
I can’t seem to find the best onlineshop.
(Saya tidak bisa menemukan tempat belanja online terbaik)
It all seems the same to me.
(Semua terlihat sama bagi saya).

B: Honestly, there are so many good online shops out there. .

(Sejujurnya, ada begitu banyak tempat belanja online yang bagus di luar sana).
But I always use Shoppie because there are so many discounts and more clothing variations.
( Namun saya selalu menggunakan Shoppie karena ada begitu banyak diskon dan lebih banyak
variasi pakaian)

A: Thank you for your suggestion!

(Terima kasih atas saran Anda!)
I will keep that in mind.
(Saya akan mengingatnya)

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Suggestion for Handling Broken Heart

A: Hey, what’s wrong?

(Hai, ada apa? )
You seem sad.
(Anda terlihat sedih)

B: I just broke up with my boyfriend.

(Saya baru saja putus dengan pacar saya).
I really don’t know what to do now.
(Saya sungguh tidak tahu apa yang harus dilakukan sekarang).
Do you think I should try to get back with him?
(Apakah menurut Anda saya sebaiknya berusaha untuk balikan dengannya?)
Do you have any suggestion for me?
(Anda punya saran ?)

A: No, don’t get back to him.

(Tidak, jangan balikan dengan dia).
He dumped you and you deserve someone better who will value you.
(Dia memutuskan Anda dan Anda pantas mendapatkan seseorang yang lebih baik yang akan
menghargai Anda).
I think you should use this opportunity to enjoy life with your friends.
(Menurut saya, Anda sebaiknya menggunakan kesempatan ini untuk menikmati kehidupan
dengan kawan-kawan Anda)

B: But I really love him.

(Namun saya sungguh mencintainya)

A: Well, you should love yourself even more.

(Anda sebaiknya mencintai diri Anda sendiri lebih lagi).
Trust me, he isn’t worth it.
(Percaya pada saya, dia tidak pantas).

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 You could survive this alone without him.
(Anda bisa bertahan melalui ini sendirian tanpanya)

B: You’re right.
(Anda benar).
I’m stronger and better than this.
(Saya lebih kuat dan lebih baik daripada ini).
Thank you for your advice.
(Terima kasih atas sarannya)

(https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/dialog-singkat-meminta-dan-memberikan-saran-dalam-
bahasa-inggris/)

DAFTAR KEPUSTAKAAN
(https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/problem-solving2.html)

(https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/social-problem-solving.html)
(https://brainly.co.id/tugas/3469704)
(https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/dialog-singkat-meminta-dan-memberikan-saran-dalam-
bahasa-inggris/)

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