Chem 1120 - Chapter 14: Chemical Equilibrium

Practice Quiz 1
KEY
1)d 2)b 3)b 4)a 5)c 6)e 7)d 8)e 9)a 10)b 11)b 12)c 13)d 14)d 15)c 16)c 17)c
18)b 19)c

 1. The value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction:

2 HBr(g) <----> H2(g) + Br2(g)

is Kc = 1.26 x 10  at 500 K. This implies that:
-12

    a) the product concentrations will be large relative to the reactants at

equilibrium. 
    b) the reaction has a large negative ΔG°. 
    c) the rate of this reaction is very slow. 
    d) the reactants are much more thermodynamically stable than the
products.

2. Given the information in Problem #1, what would be the value of the
equilibrium constant K'c  for the related reaction written in the following
fashion?

1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br2(g) <---> HBr(g)

    a) 7.9 x 10  
11

    b) 8.9 x 105 

    c) 1.1 x 10-6 
    d) 1.26 x 10-12

3. Based on the information in Problem #1, what will be the corresponding

value of Kp, the pressure form of the equilibrium constant? (R = 0.08206 L-
atm/mol K)

    a) 5.17 x 10-12 

    b) 1.26 x 10-12 
    c) 3.07 x 10-13 
    d) 2.12 x 1011

4. The reversible reaction:

 2 SO2(g) + O2 <---> 2 SO3(g)

has come to equilibrium in a vessel of specific volume and at a given
temperature. Before the reaction, the concentrations of the reactants were
0.060 mol / L of SO2 and 0.050 mol / L of O2.  No SO3 was present.  After
equilibrium was reached, the concentration of SO3 was 0.040 mol / L. What
is the equilibrium constant Kc for this reaction?

    a) 133 
    b) 4.0 
    c) 8.88 
    d) 13.3

5. What would be the effect of decreasing the pressure by increasing the

volume on the following system at equilibrium?

2 CO(g) + O2 <---> 2 CO2(g)

    a) The Kp value would get smaller. 
    b) The Kp value would get larger. 
    c) The equilibrium would be perturbed and would show a net shift to the
left. 
    d) The equilibrium would be perturbed and would show a net shift to the
right. 
    e) There would be no effect. The system is at equilibrium.

 6. A simple unimolecular reaction  A <---> B has an equilibrium constant

Kc = 2.5.  If initially the concentration of A in the reaction vessel is 1.0 M
and there is no B present, what will be the concentration of A and B when
the system reaches equilibrium?

    a) [A] = 1.0 M, [B] = 2.5 M 

    b) [A] = 2.5 M, [B] = 1.0 M 
    c) [A] = 0.330 M, [B] = 0.825 M 
    d) [A] = 0.714 M, [B] = 0.286 M 
    e) [A] = 0.286 M, [B] = 0.714 M

 7. Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia in the Haber process:

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) <---> 2 NH3(g)

  
An equilibrium mixture at a given temperature is found to contain 0.31 mol /
L N2, 0.50 mol / L H2, and 0.14 mol / L NH3. Calculate the value of Kc at the
given temperature.

    a) 1.97 
    b) 0.903 
    c) 1.107 
    d) 0.506

 8. The equilibrium constant for the reaction:

 Br2(g) + F2(g) <---> 2 BrF(g)

is 54.7.  What are the equilibrium concentration of BrF if the initial

concentrations of bromine and fluorine were both 0.250 mol / L?

    a) [BrF] = 0.241 M 

    b) [BrF] = 0.482 M 
    c) [BrF] = 0.00882 M 
    d) 0.25 M 
    e) [BrF] = 0.39 M

 9. The reaction:

 2 NO2(g) <---> 2 NO(g) + O2(g)

is endothermic. If additional O2 is added to a vessel at equilibrium what will

ultimately happen to the NO2 concentration?

    a) it will increase 

    b) it will decrease 
    c) it will remain the same

 10. In the reaction in Problem #9, what will happen to the NO(g)
concentration after additional O2 is added?

    a) it will increase 

    b) it will decrease 
    c) it will remain the same

 11. In the reaction in Problem #9, what will happen to the NO 2(g)
concentration if the temperature is increased?

    a) it will increase 

    b) it will decrease 
    c) it will remain the same

 12. The values of the equilibrium constant for the reaction in Problem #1 at
two different temperatures are:

   Kc = 1.26 x 10-12 at T = 500 K

   Kc = 8.99 x 10-18 at T = 298 K
What is the ΔH for this reaction in kJ/mol? (the gas constant R = 8.314 x 10 -
3
 kJ/mol)

    a) -69.8 kJ/mol 

    b) 43.7 kJ/mol 
    c) 72.7 kJ/mol 
    d) 134 kJ/mol 
  
  
13. Given: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) <---> 2 NH3(g)

At equilibrium at a certain temperature, the concentration of NH 3(g), H2(g)

and N2(g) are 0.980 M, 1.53 M and 0.510 M, respectively. Calculate the
value of Kc for this reaction.

a) 1.26
b) 1.96
c) 3.02
d) 0.526
e) 0.837

14. A large equilibrium constant

a) indicates that a reaction has a small rate constant. 

b) indicates that the reaction favors the formation of reactants. 
c) indicates that a reaction has a large rate constant. 
d) indicates that the reaction favors the formation of products. 
e) results from the addition of a catalyst to a reaction mixture. 

15. The value of the equilibrium constant for the following reaction is 3.4 x
105.

2A + B <---> 2C + 4D

What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction: C + 2D <--->
A + 1/2B

a) K = 1.2 x 1011
b) K = 2.9 x 10-6
c) K = 1.7 x 10-3
d) K = 5.8 x 102
e) K = 8.7 x 10-12

16. Consider the following reaction:

 4 PCl3(g) --> P4(g) + 6 Cl2(g)

If the initial concentration of PCl3(g) is 1.0 M, and "x" is the equilibrium

concentration of P4(g), what is the correct equilibrium relation?

a) Kc = 6x7
b) Kc = 6x7/(1.0 - x)4
c) Kc = (x)(6x) 6/(1.0 - 4x)4
d) Kc = x7/(1.0 - x)4
e) Kc = 6x7/(1.0 - 4x)4

17. Consider the following reaction. What would be the equilibrium

constant expression?

4 Br2(g) + CH4(g) <---> 4 HBr(g) + CBr4(g)

a) Kc = ([CBr4][HBr])/([Br2][CH4]
b) Kc = ([CBr4][Br2]4)/([HBr]4[CBr4])
c) Kc = ([CBr4][HBr]4)/([Br2]4[CH4])
d) Kc = ([CH4][Br2])/([HBr][CBr4])
e) Kc = ([HBr]4)/([Br2]4[CH4])

18. Consider the following reaction:

H2(g) + I2(g) <---> 2 HI(g)

If the value of Kc for this reaction is 25 at 1100 K, and initially only 4.00 M
HI(g) is present, what is the equilibrium concentration of I 2(g)?

a) 2.00 M
b) 0.571 M
c) 0.148 M
d) 0.363 M
e) 0.667 M

19. What is the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction below?

2 CaSO4(s) <---> 2 CaO(s) + 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)

a) Kc = [CaO]/[CaSO4] 
b) Kc = [CaO]2[SO2]2[O2]/[CaSO4]2
c) Kc = [SO2]2[O2] 
d) Kc = [SO2][O2] 
e) Kc = 1/[SO2]2[O2]

Chem 1120 - Chapter 14: Chemical Equilibrium

Practice Quiz 2
1. Identify the INCORRECT statement below regarding chemical
equilibrium:

a) All chemical reactions are, in principle, reversible. 

b) Equilibrium is achieved when the forward reaction rate equals the reverse
reaction rate. 
c) Equilibrium is achieved when the concentration of species become
constant. 
d) Equilibrium is achieved when the reaction quotient Q equals the
equilibrium constant. 
e) Equilibrium is achieved when the reactant and product concentrations
become equal. 

2. Calculator problem - Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia:

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) <==> 2 NH3(g)

At a certain temperature the equilibrium constant is K c = 2.0. An equilibrium

mixture is found to contain concentrations of N 2 equal to 0.15 M and
H2 equal to 0.30 M. What is the concentration of NH 3 in this mixture?

a) 2.7 x 10-2 M
b) 0.16 M
c) 8.1 x 10-3 M
d) 9.0 x 10-2 M

3. Write the appropriate equilibrium constant expression K c for the

following reaction:

2 CO(g) + O2(g) <==> 2 CO2(g)

4. Suppose we rewrote the balanced reaction in Problem #3

as: 

What would be the equilibrium constant for this reaction?

a) same, Kc´ = Kc

b) Kc´ = sqrt( Kc )

c) Kc´ = Kc/2

d) Kc´ = Kc2

e) Kc´ = 1/ Kc

5. When Kc >> 1 for a chemical reaction:

a) the equilibrium would be achieved rapidly.

b) the equilibrium would be achieved slowly. 
c) reactants would be much more stable than products. 
d) product concentrations would be much greater than reactant
concentrations at equilibrium. 
e) reactant concentrations would be much greater than product
concentrations at equilibrium. 

6. In the rearrangement reaction:

cyclopropane <==> propene

the equilibrium constant at a certain temperature is K c = 3.0. A reaction

vessel initial having a cyclopropane concentration [cyclopropane] 0 = 2.0 M
and no propene is allowed to come to equilibrium. What will be the
concentration of propene at equilibrium?

a) 0.0 M
b) 0.66 M
c) 1.5 M
d) 2.0 M

For Problems #7 - 11

A proposed mechanism for the decomposition of ozone is: 

7. Which step is rate-determining?

a) step (1)
b) step (2) 

8. Which species is (are) an unstable intermediate?

a) O2 and O
b) O2 
c) O
d) Ar
e) Ar and O

9. Which species is a catalyst?

a) O2
b) O3 
c) Ar
d) Ar and O3

10. Which is the best overall rate law consistent with this mechanism?

a) k[O3][O] 
b) k[O3]2
c) k[O3]
d) k[O3]2/[O2] 

11. The properly written overall balanced equation is:

a) 2 O3 --> 3 O2
b) O3 --> 2 O2
c) 2 O3 + O --> 3 O2 + O
d) 3 O2 --> 2 O3

12. Identify the INCORRECT statement below:

a) All chemical reactions are, in principle, reversible, i.e., they can go in

both directions.
b) Chemical equilibrium exists when the two opposite reactions occur
simultaneously at the same rate.
c) Concentrations of reactants and products become equal at equilibrium.
d) At equilibrium the reaction quotient Q becomes constant.
e) Increasing the temperature increases K of an endothermic reaction.

13. For the reaction:

 2 H2(g) + O2(g) <-----> 2 H2O(g)
the concentrations in the reaction vessel at a given time are [H 2] = 3.0 M,
[O2] = 2.0 M and [H2O] = 0.01 M. What is the value of the reaction quotient
Q expressed in terms of concentrations?

a) 6.0 x 102
b) 1.8 x 105
c) 1.66 x 10-3
d) 5.5 x 10-6

14. In a given mixture of N2, Cl2 and NCl3 gases, the following partial

pressures are found:

PN2 = 0.17 atm, PCl2 = 0.43 atm, PNCl3 = 7.0 atm

If the equilibrium constant for the reaction N2 + 3 Cl2 <- ----> 2 NCl3 is Kp =
1.0 x 103, what is expected to happen to this mixture?

a) It is not in equilibrium and will proceed in the forward direction.

b) It is not in equilibrium and will proceed in the reverse direction.
c) The mixture is in equilibrium and will not change.

15. Which of the following changes can affect the value of the equilibrium
constant?

a) introducing a catalyst
b) changing the concentrations of species
c) changing the temperature inside the reaction vessel
d) changing the initial concentrations of species
e) changing the pressure inside the reaction vessel

16. A collection of gases N2(g), Cl2(g) and NCl3(g) are in equilibrium in a

reaction vessel.

N2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) <-----> 2 NCl3(g)

Suddenly the vessel size is compressed to half its volume. What will
happen?

a) The system will no longer be in equilibrium and more product will form
as equilibrium is restored.
b) The system will no longer be in equilibrium and more reactants will form
as equilibrium is restored.
c) Nothing will change. The system is at equilibrium.
d) The equilibrium constant will get larger.
e) The equilibrium constant will get smaller.
17. In the gas phase reaction:

PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) <-----> PCl5(g)

Kc = 1.9
the system is in equilibrium with concentrations [PCl 3] = 0.5 M and [Cl2] =
0.5 M. What is the PCl5 concentration?

a) 0.95 M
b) 0.500 M
c) 1.9 M
d) 2.1 M
e) 0.475 M

18. A simple reaction is the cis-trans isomerization of an alkene

cis-alkene <-----> trans-alkene

with an equilibrium constant Kc = 0.50. Suppose the initial concentrations of
the cis form is 1.0 M and the trans is 0.0 M. What will the concentration of
the trans form be when the system reaches equilibrium?

a) 0.50 M
b) 0.33 M
c) 1.0 M
d) 0.25 M
e) 1.5 M

19. For the reaction:

H2 + Cl2 <-----> 2 HCl

If 5.0 mol of H2 and 3 mol of Cl2 are placed in a 2 liter flask and allowed to
reach equilibrium and at equilibrium there are 4.5 mol of H 2 found, what is
the Kc of the reaction?

a) 1.35
b) 0.088
c) 0.022
d) 0.066
e) 0.122

KEY
1)e 2)d 3)d 4)b 5)d 6)c 7)b 8)c 9)c 10)d 11)a 12)c 13)d 14)b 15)c 16)a 17)e
18)b 19)b