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CL336: Advanced Transport Phenomena: Assignment 3

This document outlines an assignment for an advanced transport phenomena course. It includes 4 problems involving perturbation methods: 1) Obtaining perturbation solutions up to O(ε^2) for the motion of a falling ball near the Earth's surface, and comparing to numerical solutions. 2) Extending a previous perturbation solution to O(Br^2) to identify the effect of temperature-dependent conductivity on measured viscosity. 3) Developing singular perturbation solutions involving inner and outer solutions for a differential equation, and comparing to exact/numerical solutions. 4) Developing a perturbation solution to O(ε^2) for flow through an eccentric annular region and calculating the change in flow rate.

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89 views2 pages

CL336: Advanced Transport Phenomena: Assignment 3

This document outlines an assignment for an advanced transport phenomena course. It includes 4 problems involving perturbation methods: 1) Obtaining perturbation solutions up to O(ε^2) for the motion of a falling ball near the Earth's surface, and comparing to numerical solutions. 2) Extending a previous perturbation solution to O(Br^2) to identify the effect of temperature-dependent conductivity on measured viscosity. 3) Developing singular perturbation solutions involving inner and outer solutions for a differential equation, and comparing to exact/numerical solutions. 4) Developing a perturbation solution to O(ε^2) for flow through an eccentric annular region and calculating the change in flow rate.

Uploaded by

Likhith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CL336 : Advanced Transport Phenomena

Assignment 3 (total points: 60)

This assignment is based on perturbation methods, i.e. on Lec 9 – Lec 13.

1. Falling ball: A ball of mass m, initially at rest, is dropped from a height H above the
surface of the Earth. Taking the mass and radius of the Earth to be M and R, the motion of
the vertically falling ball is governed by Newton’s equation of motion, which in scaled form
is
d2 y 1 dy
2
=− , (0) = 0, y(0) = 1,
dt (1 + y)2 dt

wherep = H/R and y is the nondimensional distance above the Earth’s surface. Here, H
and H/g have been used as length and time scales, with g = M G/R2 (G is Newton’s
gravitational constant).

(a) Obtain a perturbation series solution for y(t), for small , to O(2 ). (7)
(b) Compare the perturbation solution with a numerical solution of the complete problem,
by plotting the two solutions over a sufficient time for the ball to reach the ground.
Plot the O(1) (the solution assuming constant gravitational acceleration), O() and
O(2 ) solutions as separate curves, so that along with the numerical solution the plot
will have 4 curves. Make such plots for two values of : 0.1 and 0.25. Notice how the
solution improves with the increase in the order of , provided  is small. (8)

2. Effect of temperature-dependent conductivity on measured viscosity: In Lec. 10,


we obtained a perturbation solution to O(Br) that revealed the correction to the apparent
viscosity measured in a Couette cell due to heating by viscous dissipation. The first order
solution only revealed the influence of the temperature dependence of the fluid viscosity.
Now, extend this calculation to O(Br2 ) and thereby identify the effect of the temperature
dependence of the fluid conductivity. Does this property cause an increase or decrease in the
measured viscosity relative to the true viscosity? (8+2)

3. Asymptotic matching: Consider the following differential equation with the small pa-
rameter :
∂2f ∂f
 2
+ (1 + ) + f = 0; f (0) = 0, f (1) = e−1 .
∂x ∂x
(a) Obtain a singular perturbation solution, consisting of an outer solution and an inner
solution, using asymptotic matching, to O(). In the process, identify the boundary-
layer scaling and the boundary near which the boundary layer is present. (1+2+3+2+2)
(b) Combine the outer and inner solutions to obtain a composite solution valid across the
entire domain. (1)
(c) Obtain an analytical or numerical solution of the complete problem and compare it
with the perturbation solution. Plot the exact/numerical solution, the outer solution,
the inner solution, and the composite solution. Present results for  = 0.1 and 0.25.
(4)
2

4. Eccentric annular flow: Consider steady, unidirectional (fully developed) flow through
the annular region between an inner cylinder of radius R0 and an outer cylindrical pipe
of radius κR0 (κ > 1). The inner cylinder is shifted slightly off-centre by  so that the
inner boundary wall (in cylindrical coordinates) is located at r = R(θ, ) where R satisfies
R2 − 2Rcos(θ) = R02 − 2 .

The flow in the z direction is governed by:

1 ∂2u
 
1 ∂ ∂u G
r + 2 2 =− ,
r ∂r ∂r r ∂θ µ
u = 0 at r = R(θ, ) and r = κR0 ,

where G is the constant pressure gradient that drives the flow.

(a) Scale these equations using R0 as the length scale and GR02 /µ as the velocity scale.
Represent R(θ, ) as an explicit power series function of , for   1. (3)
(b) Obtain a perturbation series solution to O(2 ). (1+2+3+4)
(c) Calculate the change the flow rate due to the off-centre annulus. Does it increase or
decrease? Also, can you say a priori why you will need to go to O(2 ) to obtain a flow
rate change? (4+2+1)

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