This document provides an introduction to seismic essentials and single degree of freedom systems. It discusses representing buildings using single degree of freedom models with either translational or rotational degrees of freedom. It also covers the free vibration and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, including the effects of natural frequency, mass, and stiffness. Resonance is discussed, questioning whether response is truly infinite at the natural frequency. References for further reading on structural dynamics and earthquake engineering are also provided.
This document provides an introduction to seismic essentials and single degree of freedom systems. It discusses representing buildings using single degree of freedom models with either translational or rotational degrees of freedom. It also covers the free vibration and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, including the effects of natural frequency, mass, and stiffness. Resonance is discussed, questioning whether response is truly infinite at the natural frequency. References for further reading on structural dynamics and earthquake engineering are also provided.
This document provides an introduction to seismic essentials and single degree of freedom systems. It discusses representing buildings using single degree of freedom models with either translational or rotational degrees of freedom. It also covers the free vibration and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, including the effects of natural frequency, mass, and stiffness. Resonance is discussed, questioning whether response is truly infinite at the natural frequency. References for further reading on structural dynamics and earthquake engineering are also provided.
This document provides an introduction to seismic essentials and single degree of freedom systems. It discusses representing buildings using single degree of freedom models with either translational or rotational degrees of freedom. It also covers the free vibration and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, including the effects of natural frequency, mass, and stiffness. Resonance is discussed, questioning whether response is truly infinite at the natural frequency. References for further reading on structural dynamics and earthquake engineering are also provided.
Essentials in Groningen Structural Dynamics 2.1 Dynamic Behaviour of a Building – Representation by Single Degree and Two Degrees of Freedom Systems
Prof Andrei Metrikine MPhys PhD DSc – TU Delft
Single Degree of Freedom Systems (SDOF)
SDOF with a translational (horizontal SDOF with a rotational (angle of rotation) degree displacement) degree of freedom of freedom Building representation through SDOF
u m F
𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘 - stiffness m - participating mass 𝑢𝑢 Free vibration of SDOF
F(t)
F(t)
Once the load disappears, the structure will
What if a structure is subjected to an impulse 𝑘𝑘 load (e.g. a wind gust)? vibrate at its natural frequency: 𝜔𝜔0 = 𝑚𝑚 Free vibration of SDOF
𝑘𝑘 𝜔𝜔0 = 𝑚𝑚
Light Stiff
Lighter and stiffer structures vibrate
faster, i.e. with a higher natural frequency. Heavy Soft Forced vibration of SDOF sinusoidal motion of the base Forced vibration of SDOF sinusoidal motion of the base
uSTRUCTURE Equation of motion
In structural analysis is usually recast
in the following equivalent form:
uBASE Forced vibration of SDOF sinusoidal motion of the base
𝜔𝜔 10 𝜔𝜔 10 = <1 = >1 𝜔𝜔0 13 𝜔𝜔0 7 Steady-state forced vibration of SDOF Sinusoidal motion of the base 5 180
4 Usteady /ustatic
ϕ 90 2
0 0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 ω/ω0 ω/ω0 5
4 Usteady /ustatic
0 0 1 2 3 ω/ω0 180 ϕ
90
0 0 1 2 3 ω/ω0 Resonance 5
Does resonance really lead to
Usteady /ustatic
infinite amplification of the
2 response?
0 0 1 2 3 ω/ω0 Thank you for your attention. References and further reading
2.1 Chopra, A.K. (2005). Earthquake Dynamics of Structures - a Primer. Published by EERI (Earthquake Engineering Research Institute).
Hart, G.C. and Wong, K (2000). Structural Dynamics for Structural Engineers. Published by Wiley.
Thomson, W.T. and Dahleh, M.D. (1998). Theory of Vibrations with Applications. Published by Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
