Unit 5. Presentations: Types, Structure, Language.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
1. Audience ['ɔːdɪən(t)s] аудиторія, слухачі, публіка
2. By heart напам'ять
3. Capture the attention ['kæpʧə] привернути увагу, захопити
4. Conclusion [kən'kluːʒn] висновок
5. Content ['kɔntent] (звич. pl - contents) зміст
6. Convey information [kən'veɪ] передавати інформацію
7. Deliver [dɪ'lɪvə] виголошувати (промову)
8. Delivery [dɪ'lɪv(ə)rɪ] подача матеріалу
9. Flipchart / Flip chart ['flɪp ʧɑːt] лекційний плакат з рейкою
10. Introduction [ˌɪntrə'dʌkʃ(ə)n] вступ
11. Lectern ['lektən] кафедра (лектора, оратора)
12. Objective [əb'ʤektɪv] мета
13. Rapport [ræ'pɔː] взаєморозуміння
14. Rehearsal [rɪ'hɜːs(ə)l] репетиція, повторення
15. Reiterate [rɪ'ɪtəreɪt] повторювати, робити знову і знову
16. Speech [spiːʧ] виступ (оратора), промова
17. Venue ['venjuː] місце збору (зустрічі)
18. Visual aids, visuals ['vɪʒuəl eɪdz] наочні засоби, наочність
19. Performance [pə'fɔ:məns] продуктивність
20. Report [rɪ'pɔːt] доповідь
21. Tension ['tenʃ(ə)n] напруга

READING
Exercise 45. Pre-reading task. Discuss the following questions.
1. What is a ‘presentation’? What makes a presentation effective?
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2. What is the best / worst presentation you have ever experienced?
3. How can you explain a Chinese proverb “A picture is worth a
thousand words”?

Exercise 46. Read the text about the basic types of presentations and
steps in preparing and delivering presentations.
PRESENTATION
Types of presentations
There are two basic types of presentations (or oral reports) that you
will likely be called upon to deliver during your educational career and
beyond − informative presentations and persuasive presentations.
Informative Presentations. The purpose of informative
presentations is to promote understanding of an idea or to convey
information. They are often used to provide people with information
about a concept or idea that is new. A presentation on “Endangered
Species in the South American Rain Forest” or “Antivirus Software:
Beware of Malware Functions” are examples of an informative
presentation.
Persuasive Presentations. The second type of presentation is a
persuasive presentation. The goal of a persuasive presentation is to
influence a change in the belief, attitude, or behavior of another person
when that person has some degree of free choice. Expanding upon the
example provided above, a persuasive presentation would not only
inform the audience members about the South American rain forest and
its endangered species, but would also try to get them to take specific
and appropriate actions to save these species.
Both types of presentations can be used to start a discussion by
providing information on a given topic followed by time for questions,
answers, and discussion.
Steps in Preparing a Presentation and Delivering
Planning and preparing a presentation can be an overwhelming
experience if you allow it to be one. The strategies and steps below are
provided to help you break down what you might view as a large job
into smaller, more manageable tasks.
Step 1: Analyze your audience. The first step in preparing a
presentation is to learn more about the audience to whom you’ll be
speaking. It’s a good idea to obtain some information on the
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backgrounds, values, and interests of your audience so that you
understand what the audience members might expect from your
presentation.
Step 2: Select a topic. Select a topic that is of interest to the audience
and to you. It will be much easier to deliver a presentation that the
audience finds relevant, and more enjoyable to research a topic you are
interested in.
Step 3: Define the objective of the presentation. Once you have
selected a topic, write the objective of the presentation in a single
concise statement. The objective needs to specify exactly what you want
your audience to learn from your presentation. Base the objective and
the level of the content on the amount of time you have for the
presentation and the background knowledge of the audience. Use this
statement to help keep you focused as you research and develop the
presentation.
Step 4: Prepare the body of the presentation. After defining the
objective of your presentation, determine how much information you
can present in the amount of time allowed. Use your knowledge about
the audience to prepare a presentation with the right level of detail.
The body of the presentation is where you present your ideas. To
present your ideas convincingly, you will need to illustrate and support
them. Strategies to help you do this include the following: present data
and facts; read quotes from experts; relate personal experiences; and
provide vivid descriptions.
And remember, as you plan the body of your presentation it’s
important to provide variety. Listeners may quickly become bored by
lots of facts or they may tired of hearing story after story.
Step 5: Prepare the introduction and conclusion. Once you’ve
prepared the body of the presentation, decide how you will begin and
end the talk. Make sure the introduction captures the attention of your
audience and the conclusion summarizes and reiterates your important
points. In other words, “Tell them what you’re going to tell them. Tell
them. Then, tell them what you told them.”
During the opening of your presentation, it’s important to attract the
audience’s attention and build their interest. If you don’t, listeners will
turn their attention elsewhere and you’ll have a difficult time getting it
back. Strategies that you can use include the following:

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  Make the introduction relevant to the listeners’ goals, values,
and needs;
 Ask questions to stimulate thinking;
 Share a personal experience;
 Begin with a joke or humorous story;
 Project a cartoon or colorful visual;
 Make a stimulating or inspirational statement;
 Give a unique demonstration.
During the opening you want to clearly present your topic and the
purpose of your presentation. Clearly articulating the topic and purpose
will help the listeners focus on and easily follow your main ideas.
During the conclusion of your presentation, reinforce the main ideas
you communicated. Remember that listeners won’t remember your
entire presentation, only the main ideas. By reinforcing and reviewing
the main ideas, you help the audience remember them.
Step 6: Practice delivering the presentation. Most people spend hours
preparing a presentation but very little time practicing it. When you practice
your presentation, you can reduce the number of times you utter words and
phrases like, “um,” “well,” and “you know.” These habits can easily
diminish a speaker’s credibility. You can also fine-tune your content to be
sure you make your most important points in the time allotted. In addition
to planning the content of your presentation, you need to give advanced
thought to how you want to deliver it. Do you want to commit your
presentation to memory, use cards to guide you, or read from a script? Or,
you might want to use a combination of methods.
http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/oralpresentations/oralpresentations_print.html

Exercise 47. Find the Ukrainian equivalents to the following word-

combinations and give the definitions to them:
overwhelming experience
audience
to deliver a presentation
the objective of the presentation
the body of the presentation
to reiterate important points
to attract the audience's attention and build their interest
to diminish a speaker's credibility
cards to guide
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Exercise 48. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the two types of presentation?
2. What is the purpose of informative presentations?
3. What is the goal of a persuasive presentation?
4. What can both types of presentations be used for?
5. What is provided to help a person to break down what he or she might
view as a large job into smaller, more manageable tasks?
6. What are the main steps in preparing and delivering presentations?
7. What do presenters need to give advanced thought to how they want
to deliver the content of the presentation?
8. What helps enhance and maintain the audience’s attention?

Exercise 49. The text below contains several recommendations for

giving effective presentations. Match the seven recommendations below
to the right description. What advice do you think is the most important.
Recommen- Description
dation
1. Show a) The key to a successful oral presentation is to keep things
Enthusiasm simple. I try to stick to three points. I give an overview of
___ the points, present them to the audience, and summarize
them at the end.
2. Choose b) My purpose or desired outcome, the type of audience, and
Visuals to the message dictate the formality of the presentation, the
Support the kind of visuals, the number of anecdotes, and the jokes or
Presentation examples that I use. Most of my presentations are designed
____ to sell, to explain or to motivate. When I plan the
presentation, I think about the audience. Are they
professionals or non-professionals? Purchasers or sellers?
Providers or users? Internal or external? My purpose and the
audience mix determine the tone and focus of the
presentation.
3. Use c) In small presentations, including one-on-ones and
PowerPoint presentations where the audience is part of the actual
___ process, I like flipcharts. They allow me to be more
informal.
4. Have a d) When I use a presentation, I use the visuals as the outline,
Simple, Clear I will not use notes. I like to select the kind of visual that not
Structure only best supports the message but best fits the audience and
___ the physical location. PowerPoint, slides, and flipcharts are
the main kinds of visuals I use.
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5. Making e) PowerPoint and slide presentations work well when I am
Informal selling a product or an idea to large groups (15 people or
Presentation more). In this format, I like to use examples and graphs and
___ tables to support my message in a general way.
6. Consider f) I get very, very nervous when I speak in public. I handle
the Audience my nervousness by just trying to look as if, instead of
___ talking to so many people, I’m walking in and talking to a
single person. I do not like to speak behind lecterns. Instead,
I like to get out and just be open and portray that openness
‘I’m here to tell you a story’.
7. Dealing g) I try very hard for people to enjoy my presentation by
with Nerves showing enthusiasm on the subject and by being sincere. I
___ try not to use a hard sell – I just try to report or to explain –
and I think that comes across. In addition, it helps that I am
speaking about something that I very strongly believe in and
something that I really enjoy doing.

LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Exercise 50. A) Match the terms with their definitions.
1. Speech a) the people who listen to the speaker.
2. Speaker b) a machine that shows slides on a screen or wall.
3. Audience c) a diagram, picture, graph that makes information
easy to understand.
4. Lectern d) a device that shines a powerful beam of red light.
5. Projector e) a person who speaks to the audience.
6. Slide f) large pieces of paper attached to a board on legs,
which you write or draw on when you are talking to
a group of people.
7. Chart g) a formal talk which someone gives to an audience.
8. Laser h) an object that you can put your papers or notes on
pointer or you can stand behind.
9. Flipchart i) a photo or image that you project onto a screen.

B) Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the terms from A.

1. There are three conference rooms, each of which is equipped with a
screen, ____________, a projector and other audio visual equipment.
2. My next _____________ shows how the market has changed.”
3. Someone in the _____________ yawned really loudly.
4. She used a _____________to show them where it was on the slide.
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 5. You can see the test results in the bar _____________ .
6. The _____________looked a bit nervous.
7. He gave a _____________ on solar energy.
8. She was standing behind the lectern_____________ and giving her
presentation.
9.For larger audiences the computer display is often projected using a
video ____________ .

Exercise 51. A) In small groups, discuss the tips for speaking in public.
Which of them do you think are the most important?Which of them do
you follow when you make a presentation?
Ten Top Tips for Speaking in Public
1. Prepare your presentation carefully, and if possible practise it
beforehand.
2. If you are using e.g. PowerPoint or Prezi, make sure that your text is
clear and easy to read, and that there are not too many distracting
graphics.
3. Get to know as much as possible about your audience beforehand,
and about any important or sensitive local issues.
4. Dress carefully so that you feel confident about your appearance in
front of an audience.
5. Get to the place where you are going to speak in plenty of time.
6. Make sure that you check that all your equipment is working properly
before you start.
7. If you are given a time limit, keep to it.
8. Sound enthusiastic, even passionate, about what you are saying.
9. Look at your audience. Try to make eye contact with individual
people as you speak.
10. It’s good to make your audience laugh, but make sure any jokes or
stories you tell are appropriate .
B) Read parts of an article about presentation disasters. Which tips
from ‘Ten Top Tips’ should the speaker have remembered.
1. ‘A few years ago I had to give a presentation to the Belgian
management team of an international IT company. Not wishing to be
the typical ‘Brit’ presenting in English, I had carefully prepared my
presentation in French. I intended it as a surprise, so I didn’t say
anything beforehand. After speaking in French for 45 minutes, I was

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halfway through my presentation and we had a break for coffee. At this
point the manager of the company came up to me asked me if I would
change to speaking in English. “Is my French that bad?” I said. “No,”
he replied, “it's just that we are all from the Dutch-speaking part of
Belgium.”
2. ‘My first ever presentation was at a conference for English teachers in
Spain in about 2010. I wanted to show the audience some good ideas for
using video in the classroom. I explained one of the ideas and then I
went to turn on the video player and nothing happened ... and then again
... nothing ... and again. By this time I was so stressed and annoyed that
in the end I said, ‘OK, if it doesn’t work this time, I’m leaving’, and I
really meant it. Amazingly, almost as if it had heard me, it worked. I
never forgot that talk and it caught me to never rely 100 per cent on
technology in a presentation.’

Exercise 52. Discussion. Read the comments from the audience who are
listening to a presentation at the international conference. What caused
the problem in each case?Give some tips how to prevent these problems.
1. ‘What on earth is he talking about?’ – ‘I have no idea!’
2. ‘Hey, Sarah! Wake up! He’s finished!’
3. ‘Read that! I can’t read that! I need a pair of binoculars!’
4. ‘Speak up! I can’t hear a thing!’
5. ‘Summarise four main points? I only noticed one! Have I been
asleep?’

READING
Exercise 53. Read the text and give the title to each paragraph.
PRESENTATION: LANGUAGE
1. __________________________
A distinct advantage of speaking from memory is your ability to
speak to the audience without relying on notes or a script. This allows
you the flexibility to move away from the podium and to maintain eye
contact with the audience. However, speaking from memory has
disadvantages, too. Presentations from memory often sound rehearsed
and the possibility exists that you’ll forget an important point, present
information that’s inaccurate or completely lose your train of thought. If

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you decide to deliver your presentation from memory, have notes handy
to jog your memory just in case!
2. __________________________
Many people like to speak from notes. Typically these notes are
either on cards or paper in outline form and contain key ideas and
information. If you are using an electronic presentation tool, you may
be able to include your notes in the presentation itself. The benefit of
delivering a presentation from notes is that you sound natural rather than
rehearsed and you can still maintain relatively good eye contact with the
audience. The down side is that you might not express your key ideas
and thoughts as well as you may have liked had you planned your exact
words in advance.
3. __________________________
Speaking from text involves writing your speech out, word for word,
then basically reading from the text. As with speaking from memory, an
advantage of this method is that you plan, in advance, exactly what
you’re going to say and how you're going to say it. A disadvantage is
that you might appear to the audience to be stiff or rehearsed. You will
need to make frequent eye contact and speak with expression to
maintain the audience’s interest.
4. __________________________
You may find the best method to be a combination of all three. For
instance, experts suggest you memorize the first and last ten minutes of
your talk so that you can speak flawlessly and without notes. Notes may
be suitable for segments of your presentation that you know very well,
for example, relating a personal story. Finally, speaking from a text
might be appropriate when you have quotes or other important points
that you want to make sure you communicate accurately. You can make
a smooth segue to written text by saying something like: “I want to read
this quote to you to ensure that I don’t distort the original intent.”
http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/oralpresentations/oralpresentations_print.html

LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Exercise 54. The classic presentation has three parts. Here are 6 sentences
from the introduction to a presentation. Put them in the right order.
a) I’m going to talk about the new organization of our European Sales.
b) Afterwards you can ask any questions or say what you think.
c) Finally I’ll describe the new arrangement – the new system.
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d) Good afternoon, everyone. My presentation today is about changes in
our organization.
e) First I’ll describe the current situation – how things are now.
f) Then I’ll explain why we have to change this.

Exercise 55. Learn these examples of ‘signaling devices’.

1. Introduction to presentations. Opening remarks
Good afternoon, everybody. I’d like to thank you all for being here….
I’m very pleased to welcome you all here this morning.
Good morning. My name’s… . I’m… . I’m here today to tell you about…
2. Purpose of the presentation.
My purpose today is to tell you about…
My aim for today’s presentation is to…
I’d like to tell you about…
3. Sequencing.
Let me start by…
I’ll start by (…ing) …
I’d like to begin by …
First, of all I’ll…
Firstly… secondly… thirdly… lastly…
First of all … then …next…after that… finally…
4. Giving an example
For example, … / For instance, …
A good example of this is…
5. Moving on to the next point
I’ve told you about…
We’ve looked at..
That’s all I have to say about…
6. When to take questions
I’ll answer any questions at the end of my talk.
Feel free to interrupt if you have any questions.
Please stop me any time you have a question or if you need clarification.
7. Visual aids.
Let’s look at…
If we look at this …, we’ll see…
Now as you can see here…
7. Summarizing / Сoncluding
I’d like to sum up now…
Let me summarize briefly what I’ve said…
In conclusion…
I’d like to thank you for attention. Do you have any questions?
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Exercise 56. Put the phrases (a─n) under the correct headings for
different parts of a presentation (1─14).
a) I’m going to talk about/ tell you about ...
b) Thank you for your attention.
c) That concludes what I wanted to say.
d) I’m Tom Huber from Allied Industries and it’s a pleasure to be with you today.
e) We’ve looked at X, Y and Z.
f) Let’s look now at ...
g) I’d like to finish with some conclusions and recommendations.
h) Good morning. I’m very pleased to welcome you all here today.
i) I’ll be happy to answer any questions you may have.
j) I’ve discussed X, Y and Z.
k) The purpose of my talk is ...
l) If we take a look at this diagram, we can see…
m) I want to turn now to ...
n) I’d like to show you a pie chart which represents …
Starting your presentation
Greet your audience: 1)____________________________________
Introduce yourself : 2) _____________________________________
Say what you are going to do : 3)______________________________
4) ______________________________________________________
Move to a new point : 5) ____________________________________
6) ______________________________________________________
Main body
Refer to visual aids: 7) ______________________________________
8) _______________________________________________________
Ending your presentation
Remind your audience of your main points: 9) ___________________
10)______________________________________________________
Make your conclusion: 11) ___________________________________
12) ______________________________________________________
13) ______________________________________________________
Thank the audience: 14) _____________________________________
Exercise 57. Put the words in the correct order.
Speaking, a text, might, be, important, appropriate, quotes, or, that, you,
other, points, want, to, make, sure, you, communicate, accurately, and,
completely, from, when, you, have.
You, find, a combination, the best, method, to be, of, all, three, may.

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The, are, either, on, or, paper, in, form, and, key, ideas, and, notes,
cards, outline, contain, information.
In, energy, performance, fact, enhance, a, a, little, nervous, can, or,
presentation.

Exercise 58. Translate the sentences from Ukrainian into English.

1. Представлена інформація була точною та актуальною.
2. Презентація була добре організована, повідомлення були подані
в логічній послідовності. 3. Вступ ведучого зфокусував інтерес
аудиторії. 4. Якби доповідач встановив мету презентації під час
вступу, аудиторія слухала б його уважніше. 5. Доповідач
використовував докази та приклади, які були сформульовані
іншими вченими, для підтримки своїх ідей. 6. Доповідач
підкреслив основні ідеї на завершення презентації. 7. Доповідач
ретельно розрахував час презентації таким чином, щоб вона
вклалася у відведений час. 8. Ведучий створив комфортне
середовище, дотримуючись усіх правил.

SPEAKING
Exercise 59. Work in pairs. Each of you should suggest a possible
phrase for each of the prompts below.
a) Greet the audience
b) Introduce yourself.
c) Give the title of your talk.
d) Describe the structure of your talk.
e) Explain that the audience can interrupt if they want to ask a question.
f) Say something about the length of your talk.
g) Refer to visual aids you are going to use.

SUPPLEMENTARY READING AND VIDEO WATCHING (Video 2.1)

Exercise 60. Read the article giving some hints for a successful
presentation and write its short summary (10-15 sentences).
PRESENTATION LESSONS YOU CAN STILL LEARN FROM
STEVE JOBS
Steve Jobs is still the world’s greatest corporate storyteller. I’ve seen
plenty of talented speakers in the past year and I’ve written about many
of them in this column but I have yet to find someone as good as Steve
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Jobs. This is why I have spent so many years reviewing, analyzing and
sharing Jobs’ presentation techniques because leaders and entrepreneurs
today need to carry on his legacy if we hope to inspire the world with
our ideas. His keynote presentations continue to attract thousands of
views on YouTube and he has impacted the way leaders communicate.
Express your passion. Steve Jobs was passionate about design, he
absolutely loved his new product, and he wore his enthusiasm on his
black-mock sleeve. “It looks pretty doggone gorgeous,” he said with a
big smile after showing the iPhone for the first time. Jobs often used
words such as “cool,” “amazing,” or “gorgeous” because he believed it.
Your audience is giving you permission to show enthusiasm. If you’re
not excited about your idea, nobody else will be.
Create a Twitter-friendly headline. Jobs used a technique I’ve
labeled the “Twitter-friendly headline,” a one-sentence summary of a
product that perfectly captured the main message he wished to deliver.
Shortly after showing the new phone, Jobs proudly proclaimed,
“Today Apple is going to reinvent the phone.” The headline, “Apple
reinvents the phone” was the only sentence on the slide. He repeated the
headline several times during the presentation. A Google search for the
phrase turns up about 25,000 links, most of which are directly from
articles and blog posts covering the launch presentation.
Stick to the rule of three. Jobs instinctively understood that the
number “3” is one of the most powerful numbers in communications. A
list of 3 things is more intriguing than 2 and far easier to remember than
22. Jobs divided his iPhone presentation into three sections. He spoke
about the iPod functions of the new iPhone, the phone itself, and
connecting to the Internet. Jobs even had some fun with three. He
stepped on stage and said, “Today we are introducing three
revolutionary products. The first, a widescreen iPod with touch controls.
The second, is a revolutionary mobile phone. And the third is a
breakthrough Internet communications device.” As the audience
applauded, Jobs repeated the three ‘products’ several times. Finally he
said, “Are you getting it? These are not three separate devices, they
are one device and we are calling it iPhone!”
Build simple, visual slides. The average PowerPoint slide has forty
words. In the first three minutes of Steve Jobs’ iPhone presentation, he
uses a grand total of nineteen words (twenty-one if you include dates).
Those words are also distributed across about twelve slides.
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 Tell stories. Before Jobs revealed the new phone, he spent a moment
to review the history of Apple, telling a story that built up to the big
event. “In 1984, Apple introduced the first Macintosh. It didn’t just
change Apple. It changed the whole computer industry. In 2001, we
introduced the first iPod. It didn’t just change the way we all listen to
music. It changed the entire music industry.”
Avoid reading from notes. The introduction of the iPhone lasted
about 80 minutes. Not once did Jobs read from a teleprompter or
notecards. He had internalized the content so well that he didn’t need
notes. During the demos, however, he did have a very short list of bullet
points hidden from the audience’s view. Those bullets served as
reminders and they were the only notes he relied upon.
Have fun. When Jobs first told the audience that Apple was going to
introduce a mobile phone he said, “Here it is.” Instead of showing the
iPhone, the slide displayed a photo of an iPod with an old-fashioned
rotary dial on it. The audience got a kick out of it, laughing and
clapping. They had been played and Jobs was enjoying their reaction.
There were many funny moments, including a crank call. Jobs was
demonstrating the maps feature to show how easy it was to find a
location and call the number. He found a Starbucks nearby and called
it. A woman picked up the phone and said, “Good morning, Starbucks.
How can I help you?” Jobs said, “I’d like to order 4,000 lattes to go,
please. No, just kidding. Wrong number. Bye bye.” The audience loved
it. I’ve never seen Jobs enjoy himself more in a keynote.
Inspire your audience. Jobs liked to end his keynotes with
something uplifting and inspiring. At the end of the iPhone presentation
he said, “I didn’t sleep a wink last night. I’ve been so excited about
today…There’s an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. ‘I skate to
where the puck is going to be, not where it has been.’ We’ve always
tried to do that at Apple since the very, very beginning. And we always
will.” Steve Jobs educated, entertained, informed, and inspired his
audiences in every presentation. So can you. It takes work, planning,
and creativity, but if someone is willing to listen to your ideas it’s worth
the effort to make it great.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2012/10/04/11-presentation-
lessons-you-can-still-learn-from-steve-jobs/#f262463dde35
Exercise 61. Watch the video and tell what tip(s) from the article (in
exercise 60) does it show https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd6dQmN-mPw .
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GRAMMAR WORKSHOP
Passive Voice
Exercise 62. Choose the correct answer.
1. Yesterday we _____________ to the party by our friends.
a) are invited b) were invited c) invite
2. Our house ____________ now.
a) is being repaired b) is been repaired c) has being repaired
3. The message ___________ by e-mail tomorrow by 10 o’clock.
a) will be sent b) will have been sent c) will be sended
4. Nick _____________ to be a very interesting person.
a) has been known b) is known c) is been known
5. Our school conferences _____________ once a year.
a) were held b) are being held c) are held
6. Your results_____________ and found correct.
a) have been studied b) has being studied c) were studied
7. This book _____________ soon.
a) would been published c) will been published
b) will have been published
8. All the participants of the conference _____________ about the
time-table.
a) should have been told b) should be told c) should been told
9. All tasty things _____________ at once. There is nothing on the
plates.
a) have been eaten b) has being eaten c) were eaten
10. My suitcase _____________ when my friends came to see me off.
a) was already being packed c) was packed
b) had already been packed
11. The text _____________ translated.
a) was already b) is already c) has been already

Exercise 63. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the
verbs in brackets.
1. Many roads _________ (to close) to traffic for the royal wedding last
month. 2. Many books ____________ (to write) about the American Civil
War recently. 3. A new shopping centre ____________ (to build) in the
town centre at the moment. 4. Washington DC ____________ (to visit) by
nearly 20 million people every year. 5. The museum in Bilbao _________
(to open) in 1997. 6. I __________ (to wake up) by the neighbour’s noisy
207
dog three times already this week. 7. The college ________ (to built). 8.
The costumes for the show _________ (to make) by hand.
Prepositions
Exercise 64. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions of time in, on, at
where necessary.
1) I usually finish work early___Friday. I don’t work ___the weekend.
2) Let’s meet ___five ___Sunday, July 14. 3) I am busy___the moment.
Come ___ten minutes’ time, please. 4) There was a boat race in
Southampton ___Easter Day. A lot of people usually come there
___Easter to see the race. 5) Can you imagine what the world will be
___ the year 2100? 6) When will you have your holiday, ___winter
or___summer? — I'll have it late ___August. 7) We started the off
___midnight and reached the place of destination ___twelve hours
___noon. 8)I was in France in 1997. ___that time I was working as a
waiter in a small cafe. 9) ___the age of sixteen he left his parents' house.
10)___her wedding day she got up ___dawn. 11) You must come and
start doing electrophoresis ___next Thursday. Are you free
___Thursday? 12) I received a lot of presents ___ my birthday. 13)
Leonardo da Vinci lived and worked __ the Middle Ages. 14)___every
day he got up early ___the morning and went to bed late ___night.

Exercise 65. Fill in the blanks with prepositions of place at, in, on.
1) Excuse me, can you tell me where the concert hall is? — Turn___ the
right___ the roundabout. It's ___ the corner of the square. 2) We spent
our holiday___ the south coast of France. 3) He lives ___ the tenth floor
___ the centre of the city. 4) There was a black spot ___ the back of the
cultivation tray. 5) There were no vacant chairs to sit ___ so he sat ___
the armchair __the corner. 6) Do you know that Englishmen drive ___
the left? 7) Look, how many stars there are ___the sky! 8) I'm going to
the concert ___the Central Concert Hall tomorrow. 9) The delegation
was met ___ the airport. 10) I don't want to sit ___the back row, let's sit
___the front. 11) At first it seemed that there wasn't his name ___the
list, but then he found it ___ the bottom of the page. 12) __ my way
home I saw Helen. She was standing____ the bus stop. 13) She did not
want anybody to see her, so she sat ___the back of the car. 14) We were
___ the restaurant yesterday. There were a lot of delicious things ___
the menu.

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 Unit 6. Presentations: Delivery, Body Language, Humour

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
1. Conversational [kɔnvə'seiʃ(ə)nəl] розмовний
2. Detect confusion [kən'fju:ʒ(ə)n] виявити плутанину, замішання
3. Encounter [in'kauntə] зтикатися
4. Enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːzɪ'æstɪk] захоплюючий
5. Gain and maintain the attention завоювати і підтримувати увагу
6. Gesture ['dʒesʧə] жест
7. Guideline ['gaidlain] настанова, деректива
8. Increase [in'kri:s] зростати; збільшувати(ся)
9. Intentionally [in'tenʃ(ə)nəli] навмисно
10. Pacing back and forth крокувати вперед-назад
11. Pitch of the voice [piʧ] висота голосу
12. Put an audience to sleep ввести аудиторію в сон
13. Rocking back and forth гойдатися впере-назад
14. Try to establish [i'stæbliʃ] спробувати встановити
15. Unintentionally [ˌenin'tenʃ(ə)nəli] ненавмисно
16. Unpredictable [ˌʌnprɪ'dɪktəbl] непередбачуваний

READING
Exercise 66. Pre-reading task. Discuss the following questions before
reading the text.
1. Is it important how you say things? Is it more important than what
you say?
2. Have you listened to charismatic speakers who gain and maintain the
attention of the audience?
3. Have you also encountered speakers who quickly put an audience to
sleep?

209
4. Experienced presenters learn to communicate effectively by using
voice, gestures, and visual aids while trying to establishing a
comfortable environment for the audience, don’t they?

Exercise 67. Read and translate the text.

DELIVERING THE PRESENTATION
Voice. Using your voice effectively can have a great impact on your
delivery. The best speaking voice is conversational, natural, and
enthusiastic.
Use the following guidelines to develop an effective speaking voice:
Alter the pitch (high and low) of your voice to prevent yourself from
sounding monotone. Don’t alter the pitch too much, however, because
this may make you sound unnatural.
Speak loudly enough to be heard by everyone in the room, but vary
the volume of your voice to maintain interest and emphasize key points.
Stress certain words as another way to add emphasis. Typically when
you stress a word, the pitch and the volume increase.
Alter the rate at which you speak to maintain interest and add
emphasis. Speak faster to show excitement and/or build suspense. Speak
slower to show the importance of an idea. Pause after important ideas to
allow the audience time to grasp them.
Gestures. Speakers often communicate with their audience either
intentionally or unintentionally using gestures and other physical
behaviors. Use the guidelines below to help use gestures to your benefit:
Maintain eye contact with members of the audience to keep their
attention level high. Eye contact signals that you care about the audience
and you are attuned to their needs. Also use eye contact to detect
confusion or boredom so that you can then modify your approach.
Use positive facial expressions such as smiles, expressive eyes, and
looks of empathy and encouragement to communicate feelings and
emotions.
Stand naturally with your feet spread slightly apart and arms relaxed
at your sides.
Minimize gestures like pacing back and forth, rocking back and
forth, playing with coins in your pocket, wringing your hands, and other
types of fidgeting. These gestures not only signal that you are nervous,
but they are distracting to the listener as well.
210
 Use quick and energetic movements of your hands and arms to add
expression to your talk. Maintain the attention of the audience by
making your movements unpredictable.
http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/oralpresentations/oralpresentations6.html

Exercise 68. Answer the following questions.

What kind of voice is the most suitable?
What guidelines must you follow to develop an effective speaking
voice?
How can you use the pitch and the volume during the presentation?
Why do you have to change the speed of you speech?
Why is pause so important?
The language of your body is your benefit, isn’t it? Prove if it isn’t so.
What must you do with your eyes while speaking?
What do gestures signal very often?

LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Exercise 69. Select the adjectives from the box to characterize each
term.
Active, careful, clear, timekeeping, confident, informative, training,
entertaining, summarized, convincing, present, interested, logical, sleepy,
excited, relevant, appropriate, brief, timing, outlined, attentive, strong,
powerful, nervous, substantial, considerable, reliable, impressive, impressive,
affecting, difficult, wonderful, important, enthusiastic, essential, comfortable,
distractive, short worded, signaling, appropriate, effective, operating, working,
moving.
Planning___________________________________________________
Audience__________________________________________________
Content___________________________________________________
Organization_____________________________________________
Audience rapport__________________________________________
Language________________________________________________
Body language____________________________________________
Voice quality______________________________________________
Visual aids______________________________________________
Signalling________________________________________________

211
Exercise 70. Quote the sentences where following words and word
combinations are used.
Educational career; types of presentations; the audience members;
manageable tasks; to specify; the introduction; to turn one’s attention; to
reinforce; a credibility; an important point; to be suitable for segments;
to make a statement; the appearance of the speaker ; nervous energy.

Exercise 71. Finish the given sentences.

1. The purpose of informative presentations is…..
2. The goal of a persuasive presentation is….
3. Both types of presentations can be used to….
4. The first step in preparing a presentation is…..
5. Listeners may quickly become bored by……
6. Make sure the introduction captures the attention of ………
7. Clearly articulating the topic and purpose will help…….
8. A distinct advantage of speaking from memory is…….
9. Speaking from text involves……..
10. Visual aids can enhance your ……….

Exercise 72. Put all possible questions to the given sentences.

1. The purpose of informative presentations is to promote
understanding of an idea or to convey information.
2. The goal of a persuasive presentation is to influence a change in the
belief, attitude, or behavior of another person when that person has
some degree of free choice.
3. The objective needs to specify exactly what you want your audience
to learn from your presentation.
4. During the opening you want to clearly present your topic and the
purpose of your presentation.

SUPPLEMENTARY READING
Exercise 73. Read the text and fill in the gaps in it with the words from
the box.
Try out, a positive motivating force, enhance and maintain, dignity(2), dedicate
time, incorporating, deep breaths, improve, a joke or humorous story, break the
ice, culturally specific, keep rehearsing, eye contact, embarrass, body of the
presentation, recapture, topic-related, recognize, a little nervous, debilitating, be
confident, greet, the physical symptoms, reestablish

212
 USING HUMOUR AND CONTROLLING YOUR
NERVOUDNESS
Using Humor Effectively. Integrating humor into your oral
presentation helps _________the audience’s attention and interest. Here
are some pointers for effectively_______humour into your presentation.
Beginning a presentation with ____________is a great way
to______. It can help audience members relax, which will help you
relax, too.
Using humor and stories in the __________is a great way to
emphasize key points, and __________the attention of the audience.
Use _________cartoons, drawings, or illustrations that can be
projected for all to see.
Use humor that maintains your personal ______as well as the
______of audience members. Never use humor that would ________an
audience member or damage his or her self-esteem.
______ your stories or jokes on a couple friends and/or
acquaintances to make sure they are humorous. Practice telling the
stories or jokes before the presentation to _______ your delivery.
Use humor that's acceptable to the group and not offensive. Avoid
references to ethnicity, religion, politics, and gender.
Most humor is very _____________and in some cases regionally
specific. Make sure you know who your audience is and what they find
humorous before using any jokes.
Controlling Your Nervousness. Most people are _______when they
speak in public. In fact, a little nervous energy can enhance a
performance or presentation. It is important to control this nervous
energy, however, so that it remains _______rather than a ________one.
If you are well prepared you will be less nervous. Practice your oral
presentation in advance and _________ it until you're satisfied. Then,
when the time comes to deliver the presentation, you'll _________ in
your ability to do well.
Prior to the presentation ____________ to focus and clear your head
of other thoughts. Run through the presentation in your head one final
time and remind yourself of how well prepared you are.
________ the people with whom you'll be speaking. This helps you
create a rapport with the audience from the beginning and helps you
_______ that the audience “isn't out to get you” — they want you to
deliver a good presentation.
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 Take _________ and consciously relax your body from head to toe
to reduce some of _______ of being nervous.
Make ______ with members of the audience before you begin your
presentation. If you’ve already established a rapport with them by
greeting them, this will _____ in your mind that the audience wants you
to succeed.
http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/oralpresentations/oralpresentations5.html

Exercise 74. Match the definition to each expression (they can be used
more than once).
Get ready Speak well
Manage your slides Keep to the time
It is always advisable to check the room where the presentation will
be given, in advance. Check the podium for the microphone, the
remote control for the slide projection, the slide pointer and the
lights. Provide your slides, properly arranged, or diskette to the
technician for projection.
But, it may be good to conclude while the lights are on, to make a
strong finish.
The speaker who exceeds his allotted time is guilty of gross bad
manners. He imposes not only on his audience, but also on all the
speakers who come after him. It is a sign of poor preparation.
Remember the saying that if anything can go wrong, it will. Be
prepared for the possibility of breakdown of visual equipment. It is
generally advisable to start the presentation with the lights on. Keep
the lights off till you complete showing the slides.
Perfection in speaking is acquired. It is acquired by practice, by
observing good speakers, and by learning from your own mistakes
as well as the mistakes of other speakers. If you are excited and
eager to share, others will warm to you. If the microphone is to be
attached, attach it to the lapel of the jacket or dress, and not to a
movable part such as the necktie. It can produce a distracting
background noise when you move. Look the audience in the eye.
The use of two projectors in parallel, with two screens (dual
projection), and two sets of slides is really only useful when you
want to show changes that are difficult to demonstrate unless two
slides are compared side by side. The audience must be given time
to look at both slides. A good rule is never to show two text slides
at the same time.
Mark and number film slides. If a slide is projected upside down,

214
 there are seven possible ways of showing it again wrongly, before
the correct orientation is discovered. The international convention
calls for a spot to be placed in the lower left-hand corner as the
slide is viewed by the naked eye. This should be visible at the upper
right corner when the slide is inserted. Check your slides before the
presentation.
Answer knowledgeably. Remember that “I do not know” is a good
answer.
It is more effective not to read your presentation. If, however, you
read from a script, the script should be written for hearing not
reading. Prompter cards or prompter slides can help the speaker to
deliver the presentation without having to read. The generally
accepted rate for easy hearing and understanding is not more than
120 words-a-minute, as indicated above. Pauses in speaking replace
punctuation in writing: comma: break of one second; semicolon:
break of two seconds; period/full stop: break of three seconds;
paragraph: break of four seconds. Varying the tone, pitch and
volume helps to maintain the attention of the audience
Answer politely: Do not answer questions in a dismissive or
confrontational manner.
Do not read the slides. You can safely assume that the audience is
literate and is not blind. An exception can be made in case of
simultaneous translation, so that the translators can translate the
slide which is read. Better still, provide translators with a copy of
your text notes. Do not go back to a previous slide. Insert a copy.
Use “filler” slides if needed, to avoid having lights on and off
during the presentation.

Exercise 75. Complete the sentences with the positions in the box
about at for into of on to with
Thank you ______coming all this way. I’ve divided my presentation
______ three parts. First of all, I’ll give you an overview _______ our
financial situation. First, we’ll be looking _____ the company’s sales in
the last two years. In the 1st part of my presentation I’ll focus ___ the
current project status. Point one deals ______ APG’s new regulations
for Internet use. Secondly, I’ll talk ______ our investment in office
technology. After that I’ll move on _____ the next point.

215
Exercise 76. Translate the sentences from Ukrainian into English
1. При спілкуванні ми виражаємо те, що хочемо сказати у вигляді
слів, жестів, міміки, рухів та інтонацій. 2. Якби голос доповідача
лунав природньо та впевнено, презентація б мала успіх.
3. Жестикуляція рук і рухи самого доповідача були природними та
невимушеними, що вказувало на хорошу підготовку. 4. Ведучий
контролював нервозність, щоб не відволікти аудиторію. 5. Під час
презентації було встановлено зоровий контакт з аудиторією. 6.
Гумор, використаний під час презентації, був ефективним, а не
образливим. 7. Візуальні засоби, перш за все, використовуються,
щоб підкреслити ключові моменти. 8. Доповідач уміло керував
використанням візуальних засобів, перефразовуючи інформацію,
представлену на них, і виводячи їх на екран у відповідний момент.
9. Якби доповідач вклався в час, відведений на презентацію,
слухачі так би не стомилися, слухаючи його монотонну доповідь.

Exercise 77. Take the quiz below to evaluate what you have learned.
1. The purpose of an informative presentation is to promote
understanding of an idea or to convey information.
a) True b) False
2. A persuasive presentation is often used to provide people with
information about a concept or idea that is new.
a) True b) False
3. An informative presentation tries to get the audience to take specific
and appropriate action on a topic.
a) True b) False
4. The goal of a persuasive presentation is to influence a change in the
belief, attitude or behavior of another person when that person has some
degree of free choice.
a) True b) False
5. A credible speaker is accurate and exact with quotes, names, dates,
and facts.
a) True b) False
6. It is enough to just make a statement. You don't need to back it up
with factual information.
a) True b) False
7. Knowing your material will help you to speak more quickly and
fluidly.
216
 a) True b) False
8. Before your presentation, you should conduct a test of any
audiovisual equipment you plan to use to ensure it's in working order.
a) True b) False
9. If possible, practice your talk in the setting where you are scheduled
to present.
a) True b) False

SPEAKING. Role-play: Presentations

Exercise 78. A) Prepare and deliver to your group a short presentation
on any topic of your choice related to your future profession.
B) Listen to each other’s presentations. Analyze the presentation using
the following questions:
Content
1. Was the speaker well prepared?
2. Was the speaker knowledgeable (well informed) about the subject?
Organization
3. Was there an introduction?
4. Was the talk well organized?
5. Was there a conclusion?
Delivery ─ Voice
6. Was the speaker enthusiastic and convincing?
7. Did the speaker make the subject interesting?
8. Did the presenter talk clearly enough?
9. Did the speaker read the presentation or talk from notes?
Delivery ─ Manner
10. Was the speaker relaxed?
11. Did the speaker use appropriate gestures?
12. Did the speaker make eye contact with the audience?
13. Did the speaker involve the audience with questions or activities?
Visual Aids
14. Did the speaker use visual aids? Were they easy to see?
15. Did they help you understand the information better and easier?

GRAMMAR WORKSHOP
Exercise 79. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Perfect or
the Past Indefinite.

217
1. The students (to do) their work. Now they can watch a new film.
2. You ever (to be ) to this museum? – Yes, I (to be) there last year. 3. I
already (to send) a telegram. 4. I (to send) him to the doctor yesterday.
4. I (not to see) him since graduating from the University. 5. We (not to
receive) any letters from her lately. 6. They (to go) to the camp three
day ago. 7. When you (to arrive)in Kyiv? 8. I (to know) this engineer
since I began to work at the plant. 9. At last I (to write) the composition;
now I’ll go for a walk.

Exercise 80. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or

the Past Perfect.
1. Yesterday we (to discuss) the film which we (to see) some days
before. 2. When my sister (to go) to the theatre, I (to begin) to write the
letter. 3. The children (to fall asleep) by the time when their parents (to
come) home. 4. He (to tell) us many interesting things he (to see) in
London. 5. Peter (to show) us the bike his father (to buy) for him.
6.Mother (to cook) supper by the time they (to come) home.

Exercise 81. Translate into English.

1. Які нові теми ви вже вивчили в цьому семестрі? 2. Я не можу
їхати з тобою. Я ще не склав екзамену з іноземної мови. 3. Я знаю
цього лікаря з 2013 року. 4. У мене нема ручки, я її загубив. – Коли
ти загубив її? 5. Де учні? – Вони в саду. Вони там вже дві години.
Минулого року ми їздили до Варшави на виставку. З того часу я не
був там. 6. Нарешті ми закінчили роботу і тепер можемо відпочити.
7. Коли ми розпочали експеримент, наші одногрупники вже
підраховували результати. 8. Він подякував мені за те, що я для
нього зробив. 9. Вона була впевнена, що бачила цю жінку раніше,
але не могла пригадати, де саме вона її бачила.

Exercise 82. Write the correct form of the verb.

1. We _____________ by a loud noise during the night. (to wake up)
2. A new supermarket is going to _____________ next year. (to build)
3. There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we ______ . (to follow)
4. There was a fight at the party, but nobody ____________ . (to hurt)
5. Jane ________ to phone me last night, but she didn’t. (to suppose)
6. The new computer system _____________ next month. (to install)
7. This car is not going _____________ in the race. (to drive)
218
 Unit 7. MS Power Point Presentation.
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
1. Arrow ['ærəu] key клавіша керування курсором, клавіша зі
стрілкою
2. Basic bullet points базові маркери
3. Chart [ʧɑːt] діаграма, графік, схема
4. Drag and drop (objects) перетягнути (об'єкти)
5. Drawing Tools інструментальні засоби для малювання
6. Image ['ɪmɪʤ] зображення
7. Insert [ɪn'sɜːt] вставляти ; вставка
8. Move backward рухатися назад
9. Navigate the slides переміщувати слайди
10. Office suite [swiːt] офісний пакет, програмний пакет
11. Plethora ['pleθ(ə)rə] безліч
12. Proceed [prə'si:d] forward просуватися вперед
13. Self-explanatory [ˌselfɪk'splænətrɪ]очевидний; що не потребує пояснень
14. Tab [tæb], tabulator['tæbjuleɪtə] табуляція, клавіша табуляції, перехід на
інше поле
15. Wordy ['wɔ:di] багатослівний (тут – текстовий)

READING
Exercise 83. Pre-reading task. Discuss the following questions.
1. What do you know about MS Power Point?
2. Why is MS Power Point very popular with users?

Exercise 84. A) Read and translate the text.

MS POWER POINT PRESENTATION
People, who are new to using MS Office, might often come across
the dilemma of understanding the purpose of Microsoft PowerPoint. If
you have ever had to make a presentation, the chances are you have
used PowerPoint. While there are a plethora of competitors like Apple’s
Keynote, Prezi and various presentation web apps, however, PowerPoint
is yet to find its replacement.
PowerPoint was created by Robert Gaskins, who originally designed
PowerPoint for Mac. However, Microsoft later acquired the app and
made it a part of its Office suite.
The first thing you need to understand about PowerPoint is the
concept of slides. Slide is like a blank document, which presents your
ideas in the form of text, images, charts and animations. The first slide is
219
the one which introduces the topic of the presentation; this is followed
by a step by step sequence which has a specific start and a conclusion.
There are various ways of inserting content in PowerPoint. The
Insert tab contains all the necessary options you need to insert a
textboxes, images, charts, SmartArt Graphics and even videos or audio.
The options are pretty much self-explanatory. You can also drag and
drop objects like images to your slides. Once you select an object in a
slide (say an image, chart or textbox), the Formatting options tab
becomes active from the Ribbon menu. If you select an image, the
formatting options for the image will appear in the form of Picture
Tools, likewise for charts, the Chart Tools option becomes active with
formatting options. For the text, you will see the Drawing Tools option
for changing the size, font and, color of your text.
To spice up your presentation, you can use animations and
transitions. Transitions are applied between slides and are used for
switching a slide using an effect (e.g. raising curtains). The animations
on the contrary, animate selected objects. You can for example, select
an object and pick and animation from the Animations tab to give it that
effect. Once you are done making your slides, hit F5 from your
keyboard or click Slide Show button from the bottom right corner of
PowerPoint. You will notice that clicking on the slides or hitting the
Right/Left arrow keys from your keyboard allows you to navigate the
slides. Use the Right key to proceed forward and the Left key to move
backward when navigating your slides.
The purpose of PowerPoint is to act as a visual aid as a presenter
goes along presenting their option, ideas, sales pitch, etc. Make sure to
not make your slides too wordy and concentrate on adding only basic
bullet points. Using videos can also help in explaining long concepts in
a shorter time frame, with more precision.
In recent versions of Microsoft PowerPoint there are some powerful
features added that enables you to broadcast a PowerPoint presentation
via web or use the Presenter View.
https://slidemodel.com/what-is-the-purpose-of-microsoft-powerpoint/
B) Answer the following questions.
1. Who is a creator of PowerPoint?
2. Why do most people use PowerPoint?
3. What is the purpose of Microsoft PowerPoint? What is it used for?
4. How can you create slides for a Presentation?
220
5. What does the Insert tab contain?
6. How can we change the colour in Microsoft PowerPoint?

Exercise 85. Learn the ways of PowerPoint applications, write how you
can use it in your studies and everyday life.
Teachers can use PowerPoint to teach lessons, chapters of any
Uses of book or whole book in one PowerPoint slide. In this case, they
PowerPoint can create or delegate to create a complete presentation of a
in Education book.
Teachers can create the interest in students’ mind about the
topic. Every topic and book are boring for students till they
don’t feel reason and excitement behind it. That’s why
presentation and effects on images can make students excited.
Teachers have to create a presentation from their creativity and
knowledge. It will look cartoon movies, it can be a hero in
presentation, and it can be cricketer representing slide or
chapter.
After creating financial/marketing plan in Excel sheet, now you
Uses of can add that data one by one (like a process e.g. a-b-c-d-e). It
PowerPoint will be helpful later, when you need that plan or present that
in Business plan in meetings and seminar. In worksheet or document file
it’s for the audience to read the whole page of text or
calculation in the worksheet. So PowerPoint provides the
option in which you can add specific text that is most important
to show in slides one by one.
You can use PowerPoint to create execution process. For
example, if you’re training your team, how to do Amazon
Listing one by one, or how to send an email or how to schedule
social media posts etc. you can create and showcase this
method by using images, diagram, and circle. This method is
very helpful in training remote workers.
You can use PowerPoint to create your organizational structure.
There is Smart Art option in Insert Menu to create an
organizational chart, process. It will help to showcase the
process of any work to others and customers.
You can also create animated marketing videos in PowerPoint.
That you can upload to YouTube or embed in your blog or
website. PowerPoint has exceptional animation effects and tool.
So, you can take advantages of these options without using
special animation software.
In PowerPoint, you can use it create animated movies related to
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 products and services.You can use the various slide for each
seen. You can also insert the shapes in a story and text in slides.
Custom Animation or Animation pane, effect option, timing
etc. are very helpful in this to create short storytelling movies.
You can set up the timing for each object separately.
Uses of As you know so far that the use of PowerPoint is very effective
PowerPoint in the visualization of complex data and information. It’s very
in tough in Government Office to follow directions and system. If
Governance the process of creating Adhar Card, Process of applying for
and Citizen Driving License etc. present in slides or any screen and then it
services will be very helpful. We all can watch it on the government
website or in the office. Or they can print it. They can also
include images of the office, departments or related person. So,
the citizen when visit any government office they find it easy to
file documents or access government services.
This is one of the best uses of PowerPoint for skilled people or
job seekers. In PowerPoint, they can create Digital Resume or
Multimedia resume. Yes! Its unique way of presenting skills
Uses of and knowledge in front of interviewers but very effective and I
PowerPoint am totally convinced with this method.
for Job Following are the steps helpful to create a digital resume using
Seekers PowerPoint:
Make a list of skills, diploma, certification and degrees.
Whatever academic or technical skills you have.
Now create the first slide with your name and subject. 2nd slide
with an objective. 3rd slide with experiences. Etc.
After completing it, save it as video or PowerPoint show.
Now you can print the presentation and submit it.
You can send the Presentation or showcase your skills and
knowledge to interviewers like you’re marketing products and
services to customers.
In this case, your skills and knowledge are products and you
have to market it to get a job. And PowerPoint will help you to
market your skills more easily and effectively.

GRAMMAR WORKSHOP
Exercise 86. Choose the correct variant.
1. The building __________ two years ago.
a) destroyed b) was destroyed c) had been destroyed
2. I __________ by the news he had told me the day before.
a) am surprising b) surprised c) was surprised
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3. __________ he__________ at the airport tomorrow?
a) Is … being met b) Will … be meet c) Is … met
4. I __________ into buying a motorbike by Martha.
a) was talked b) talk c) have been talked
5. Yesterday the whole programme _____ over to a report from Bosnia.
a) has been given b) was given c) gave
6. A number of priceless works of art ______ in the earthquake.
a) have been destroyed b) was destroyed c) has been destroyed
7. Because my visa had expired I ______ from re-entering the country.
a) prevented b) was prevented c) prevent
8. It’s generally agreed that new industries ______ for the southern part
of the country.
a) are need b) are needed c) need
9. It’s incredible to think that these clothes ______ by Queen Victoria.
a) wear b) are being worn c) were worn
10. A new drug ______ to combat asthma in small children.
a) is developing b) has been developed c) develops
11. A number of political prisoners ______ within the next week.
a) will be released b) release c) were released
12. The problem ______ to me.
a) was mentioning b) was being mentioning c) was mentioned
13. The game ______ to the children tomorrow.
a) demonstrates b) will be demonstrated c) is demonstrating
14. When I was young I ______ by my aunt and uncle.
a) was looked for b) was looked after c) was being looked
15. He ______ for nearly 12 hours.
a) operates with b) is operated at c) was operated on
16. The land next to our house ______.
a) has been bought b) have been bought c) was being bought
17. The tennis court ______ so we couldn’t play.
a) has been used b) was used c) was being used
18. Better results ______ soon.
a) will be expected b) are expected c) expect

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