Inting, Ana Marie October 08, 2020
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Family Name First Name Date Submitted
BSED 1B night Science Monday: 4:30 PM – 6:30 PM
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Course and Year Major Class Schedule
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
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Subject
Prof. Edralin A. General
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Instructor
Final Laboratory Report
I. Objectives
At the end of the experiment, the students will be able to:
1. Define aqueous solutions;
2. Describe precipitation and acid-base reactions; and
3. Write the balanced and net ionic equations based on experimental observations.
II. Apparatus:
• 5 Beral pipets contain the solution
III. Materials
• Potassium Iodide KI , Nitric Acid HNO3, Lead(II) Nitrate Pb(NO3)2,
Potassium Carbonate K2CO3, Barium Nitrate Ba (NO3)2.
• Formulas: Double displacement formulas for balancing equation.
AB + CD → AD + CB/AY + BX → BY + AX
Chemical Formula: KI, HNO3, Pb(NO3)2, K2CO3, Ba (NO3)2.
IV. Observation and Results
● Procedure of the experiment
1. Every drop of known solutions in the upper side was distributed vertically in the
cell of 48-well plate.
2. Next, the first known solution in the left side was distributed horizontally and
recorded immediately if it is no reaction (X), white precipitate (W), yellow
precipitate (Y) and formed a gas (G) before preceded to the next solutions to be
mix.
3. Procedure number 2 was being applied in the entire experiment like distributing
one drop of the solutions accordingly.
4. After the observations were recorded, checking the results of the known and
unknown was followed.
5. The results were all matched between known and unknowns.
● Results and observations recorded during the experiment.
1. Balanced Equations
● 2HNO3(aq) + K2CO3(aq)→ 2KNO3(aq)+ H2O(aq) + CO2
● 2KI + Pb (NO3)2 → 2KNO3 + PbI2
● Pb (NO3)2 + K2 (CO3) → PbCO3 + 2KNO3
● Ba (NO3)2 + K2CO3 → BaCO3 + 2KNO3
2. Net Ionic Equation
● 2H+1(aq) + CO3-2 (aq) → H2 O(aq) + CO2 (aq)
● I- (aq) + Pb 2+(aq) → PbI2 (s)
● Pb2+(aq) + CO32- (aq) → PbCO3(s)
● Ba2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) → BaCO3(s)
3. Compound that Precipitates
● Lead (II) Iodide
I- (aq) + Pb 2+ (aq) → Pb+2I2 -(s)
● Lead (II) Carbonate
Pb2 (aq) + CO32- (aq) → Pb2+CO32-(s)
● Barium Carbonate
Ba2+ (aq) + CO32-(aq) → Ba2+CO32+(s)
4. Solubility Rule
● Lead (II) Iodide
- Pb+2I2 -(s)
Rule No 1. Salt containing Group 1 Elements (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Rb+) are soluble. There
are few exceptions to this rule. Salts containing the ammonium ion (NH4+) are also
soluble.
Rule No. 2. Salts containing nitrate ion (NO3+) are generally soluble.
Rule No. 8. Carbonates are frequently insoluble. Group II carbonates (CaCO3, SrCO3 and
BaCO3) are insoluble, as are FeCO3 and PbCO3.
● Lead (II) Carbonate
- Pb2+CO32-(s)
Rule No 1. Salt containing Group 1 Elements (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Rb+) are soluble. There
are few exceptions to this rule. Salts containing the ammonium ion (NH4+) are also
soluble.
Rule No. 2. Salts containing nitrate ion (NO3+) are generally soluble.
Rule No. 3. Salts containing Cl-, Br-, or I- are generally soluble. Important exceptions to
this rule are halide salts of Ag+, Pb2+, and (Hg2)2+. Thus, AgCl, PbBr2, and Hg2Cl2 are
insoluble.
● Barium Carbonate
- Ba2+CO32+(s)
Rule No 1. Salt containing Group 1 Elements (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Rb+) are soluble. There
are few exceptions to this rule. Salts containing the ammonium ion (NH4+) are also
soluble.
Rule No. 2. Salts containing nitrate ion (NO3+) are generally soluble.
Rule No. 8. Carbonates are frequently insoluble. Group II carbonates (CaCO3, SrCO3 and
BaCO3) are insoluble, as are FeCO3 and PbCO3.
5. Gas that is produced from the experiment
● The gas that was produced during experiment was Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Combining
Potassium Carbonate with Nitric Acid in the elements CO3 and H would results to a gas
product.
2H+NO3-(aq) + K2+CO32-(aq) → H2+CO32-(slightly aq) + 2K+NO3 -(aq) / H2O(w) + CO2(g)
V. Discussion of the Results
In the first compound solutions being mixed particularly Nitric acid (HNO 3) to
Nitric acid (HNO3), there is no reaction being observed because the same solutions will
never reacts same as Potassium Iodide KI to Potassium Iodide KI, Lead (II) Nitrate
Pb(NO3)2 to Lead(II) Nitrate Pb(NO3)2, Potassium Carbonate K2CO3 to Potassium
Carbonate K2CO3 , Barium Nitrate Ba (NO3)2 to Barium Nitrate Ba (NO3)2 . Secondly,
there is one compound solution that produced yellow precipitate which is Potassium
Iodide (KI) and Lead (II) Nitrate Pb(NO 3)2 because potassium nitrate is aqueous while
lead (II) iodide is only slightly aqueous, the lead ions and iodide ions will eventually
meet to form a yellow precipitate. Thirdly, there are two compound solutions that
produced white precipitate such as Potassium Carbonate K2CO3 + Lead(II) Nitrate
Pb(NO3)2 and Barium Nitrate Ba (NO3)2 + Potassium Carbonate K2CO3 because in the
case of potassium carbonate and Lead (II) Nitrate, Barium Carbonate is insoluble that is
why it forms a white precipitate. While Barium Nitrate and Potassium Carbonate is
that its aqueous solutions are Potassium Nitrate which is soluble and Barium Carbonate is
insoluble that made them produced a white precipitate. Lastly, There is one that produced
Gas which is Nitric acid (HNO3) and Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) because Carbon
Dioxide cannot be dissolve in water.
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VI. Conclusion
To sum it up, the chemicals on the experiment that are mixed and has a reaction are Nitric
acid (2HNO3) + Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3), Potassium Iodide (2KI) + Lead (II) Nitrate
(NO3)2, Lead (II) Nitrate (NO3)2 + Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3), and Barium Nitrate (Ba
(NO3)2 + Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3). Hence, aqueous solution is a solution in which the
solvent is water. The compound is an aqueous solution if and only if the compound cam
dissolved in water. If the compound cannot be dissolved in water, therefore it is a
precipitate/solid formed by a solution.
VII. References:
Bertrand, G. (2003). The case of five droppers.
https://web.mst.edu/~gbert/droppers/droppers.html
Chang, R. and Goldsby, K. (2016).Chemistry: The central science. McGraw- Hill International
Edition. 12th Chemistry the central science 13th Edition.Prentice Hall.
https://studylib.net/doc/25269748/general-chemistry-1
