The document discusses combustion of liquid fuels. It explains that efficient combustion requires liquid fuels to mix with air and burn completely to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. It also describes different types of liquid fuel burners, including pressure jet burners and rotary atomizers, which break fuels into fine droplets to facilitate vaporization and mixing with air for combustion. Selection of burners depends on factors like flame shape, combustion volume, stability, and turndown ratio.
The document discusses combustion of liquid fuels. It explains that efficient combustion requires liquid fuels to mix with air and burn completely to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. It also describes different types of liquid fuel burners, including pressure jet burners and rotary atomizers, which break fuels into fine droplets to facilitate vaporization and mixing with air for combustion. Selection of burners depends on factors like flame shape, combustion volume, stability, and turndown ratio.
The document discusses combustion of liquid fuels. It explains that efficient combustion requires liquid fuels to mix with air and burn completely to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. It also describes different types of liquid fuel burners, including pressure jet burners and rotary atomizers, which break fuels into fine droplets to facilitate vaporization and mixing with air for combustion. Selection of burners depends on factors like flame shape, combustion volume, stability, and turndown ratio.
The document discusses combustion of liquid fuels. It explains that efficient combustion requires liquid fuels to mix with air and burn completely to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. It also describes different types of liquid fuel burners, including pressure jet burners and rotary atomizers, which break fuels into fine droplets to facilitate vaporization and mixing with air for combustion. Selection of burners depends on factors like flame shape, combustion volume, stability, and turndown ratio.
sanaahmad0070@gmail.com Combustion of Liquid Fuels • Efficient combustion of liquid fuels takes place when fuels burns under such condition that they combine with air to form Carbon dioxide and water vapours. • The liquid fuels and air are mixed in suitable burners, which either vaporize oil or disperse it into droplets which then vaporize before burning. • Vapours are brought in contact with air at high temperature and for sufficient time to go to complete combustion. • Air must be present in every part of combustion chamber otherwise pyrolysis will take place instead of combustion, giving rise to solid carbon which appears as black smoke. Combustion of Liquid Fuels Combustion of liquid fuels takes place in series of stages • Atomization • Vaporization • Mixing of vapours with air • Ignition • Maintenance of combustion ( flame stabilization) Combustion of Liquid Fuels • Liquid properties which effect the degree of atomization are viscosity and surface tension. • Viscosity play major part. Each type of atomizing burners can handle a narrow viscosity range. • Viscosity and surface tension dictate the size of droplets. • It is often necessary to preheat the fuel to a temperature at which viscosity falls within the prescribed range for burners. Selection of burners • Burner selection for either liquid or gaseous combustion depends on the following five characteristics: 1. Flame shape 2. Combustion Volume 3. Stability 4. Drive 5. Turndown Ratio Combustion system and burner components Any combustion system must have the following: • Source of air • Source of fuel • A burner • Valves and proportioning devices Purpose of a fuel burning system The purpose of fuel burning systems are to: • Position flame at areas of useful heat release • Initiate and maintain ignition • Mix the fuel and air • Volatilize fuels • Proportion the fuel to air • Supply fuel and air at the proper rates and pressures to facilitate all five previous functions with safety required for the process. Liquid Fuel Burners Oil may be burnt in 2 ways 1. Its is vaporized before ignition so that it burns like a gas. 2. It is broken into fine droplets which are injected into hot air so that they evaporate while burning (atomizing burners). The first mode is generally not used on industrial scale. In the second mode of liquid fuels combustion, the oil is heated to suitably low viscosity and atomized. Oil Burners • The function of oil burners is to atomize the oil , to aid the mixing of vapours with air and to maintain a stable flame once mixture is ignited. • Burners are of two type i.e. vaporizing type oil burners and atomizing type oil burners • Vaporizing type burners, vaporize the oil before ignition • Atomizing type burners, atomize the oil into droplets which are injected to hot air so that they evaporate while burning. • Mostly the atomizing type oil burners are used. Types of Oil Burners Classification of Atomizing type Oil Burners on the Sources of Energy: ❑Pressure Jet ❑Rotary Atomizers ❑Blasts Atomizers Pressure Jet Burners Parts of Pressure Jet Burner: 1. Oil channels. 2. Tangential ports. 3. Swirl chamber. 4. Nozzle • Fuel passes through swirl chamber before issuing through the final orifice • Angular velocity is imparted to the liquid by tangential slots and ports.
11 Pressure Jet Burners • Oil enters the circular swirl chamber through tangential Tangential ports spaced ducts. • Rotates in the chamber. • That rotating mass of liquid issues through an orifice (O) known as nozzle. • Pressure energy is employed directly. • Conical spray is obtained. • Oil is pumped at 700-3500KPa. • Viscosity range of 70-100 Swirl chamber Redwood seconds. Oil channels Nozzle Pressure Jet Burners • The flow rate through a nozzle increases with the increase in oil pressure and is proportional to the square root of pressure and decreases with the decrease in oil viscosity. • Droplet size is directly proportional to viscosity and orifice diameter while inversely to the cube root of pressure. • The size range is determined by: ❖Operating Conditions ❖Physical Properties of oil ❖Surface of nozzle. Droplets size varies in between 10 and 200 μm diameter. Rotary Atomizers • Atomization of the oil is achieved by centrifugal force. • The supply of oil is fed onto a rotating surface (usually a cup or disk) and the atomization is achieved when the fluid strikes the cup by centrifugal force • It gives uniform droplet size(~20μm). • Air is supplied at a pressure of 200-350 kPa. • viscosity in the range 100—400 Redwood seconds. Rotary Atomizers • Central stationary fuel lines • Cup is rotated • Friction between oil and cup surface causes oil to rotate with the cup • Centrifugal force, causes oil to flow towards the brim • Oil is flung off into fine particles Rotary Atomizers • These atomizers tend to give a narrow size range of droplets and are ideally suited to the more viscous liquid fuels, as pumping pressures are much lower than those for pressure jet burners. • The cup rotates at 4,000-6,000 rpm to atomize fuel oil, although much higher speeds are used in some applications. • The air supply to this type of burner is split into two streams: 15% is supplied as primary air around the atomizer itself, the remainder being admitted subsequently as secondary air. • Excessively used in boiler and small installations. • A high turndown ratio of 16:1
