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Predicates & Quantifiers Exercises

1. The document provides a list of 8 exercises on predicates and quantifiers for the discrete mathematics course MACM 101. Students are asked to determine truth values, express statements using predicates and quantifiers, find counterexamples, rewrite statements, and prove logical equivalences and arguments. The work is due on October 13th and must be the student's own work, with any collaboration explicitly mentioned.

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Shela Ramos
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262 views2 pages

Predicates & Quantifiers Exercises

1. The document provides a list of 8 exercises on predicates and quantifiers for the discrete mathematics course MACM 101. Students are asked to determine truth values, express statements using predicates and quantifiers, find counterexamples, rewrite statements, and prove logical equivalences and arguments. The work is due on October 13th and must be the student's own work, with any collaboration explicitly mentioned.

Uploaded by

Shela Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MACM 101 — Discrete Mathematics I

Exercises on Predicates and Quantifiers. Due:


Tuesday, October 13th (at the beginning of the
class)
Reminder: the work you submit must be your own. Any collabora-
tion and consulting outside resourses must be explicitely mentioned
on your submission.
Please, use a pen. 30 points will be taken off for pencil written
work.
1. Determine the truth value of each of these statements if the universe
of each variable consists of (i) all real numbers, (ii) all integers.

(a) ∃x∃y(x + y 6= y + x)
(b) ∀x∃y(x + y = 2 ∧ 2x − y = 2)

2. Use predicates and quantifiers to express this statement


“There is a man who has visited some park in every province of Canada”

3. Find a counterexample, if possible, to this universally quantified state-


ment, where the universe for all variables consists of all integers

∀x∃y (3xy = 12)

4. Rewrite the following statement so that negations appear only within


predicates (that is, no negation is outside a quantifier or an expression
involving logical connectives)

¬∀x ((∃y∀z P (x, y, z)) ↔ (∃z∃y R(x, y, z))).

5. Let Q(x, y) be the statement ”x+y = x−y”. If the universe of discourse


for both variables is the set of integers, what are the truth values of
the following?
a) Q(1, 1)
b) Q(2, 0)

1
c) ∃x Q(x, 2)
d) ∃x∀y Q(x, y)
e) ∃y∀x Q(x, y)
Prove your answers.

6. Are the following statements logically equivalent?

∃xP (x) ∧ Q(x) and (∃xP (x)) ∧ (∃yQ(y))

7. Determine whether the following argument is valid or invalid and ex-


plain why.
‘No ducks are willing to waltz.’
‘No officers ever decline to waltz.’
‘All my poultry are ducks.’
‘Therefore, my poultry are not officers’.

8. Given premises: ‘All clear explanations are satisfactory’


‘Some excuses are unsatisfactory’
infer ‘Some excuses are not clear explanations.’
Write the proof formally.

9. Find a universe for variables x, y, z for which the statement

∀x∀y((x = y) → ∃z z 6= x)

is true and another universe in which it is false.

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