The document discusses the design and analysis of isolated column circular footings under eccentric loading. It provides:
1) A procedure for analyzing footings subjected to both vertical and overturning loads, involving calculating the load eccentricity, soil bearing pressures, and determining if portions of the footing will lift off the soil.
2) Examples of different soil pressure distributions that can occur depending on load eccentricity relative to the footing dimensions.
3) Steps for sizing a rectangular footing column, including checking the ultimate and serviceability soil bearing pressures and footing thickness for two-way shear.
The document discusses the design and analysis of isolated column circular footings under eccentric loading. It provides:
1) A procedure for analyzing footings subjected to both vertical and overturning loads, involving calculating the load eccentricity, soil bearing pressures, and determining if portions of the footing will lift off the soil.
2) Examples of different soil pressure distributions that can occur depending on load eccentricity relative to the footing dimensions.
3) Steps for sizing a rectangular footing column, including checking the ultimate and serviceability soil bearing pressures and footing thickness for two-way shear.
The document discusses the design and analysis of isolated column circular footings under eccentric loading. It provides:
1) A procedure for analyzing footings subjected to both vertical and overturning loads, involving calculating the load eccentricity, soil bearing pressures, and determining if portions of the footing will lift off the soil.
2) Examples of different soil pressure distributions that can occur depending on load eccentricity relative to the footing dimensions.
3) Steps for sizing a rectangular footing column, including checking the ultimate and serviceability soil bearing pressures and footing thickness for two-way shear.
The document discusses the design and analysis of isolated column circular footings under eccentric loading. It provides:
1) A procedure for analyzing footings subjected to both vertical and overturning loads, involving calculating the load eccentricity, soil bearing pressures, and determining if portions of the footing will lift off the soil.
2) Examples of different soil pressure distributions that can occur depending on load eccentricity relative to the footing dimensions.
3) Steps for sizing a rectangular footing column, including checking the ultimate and serviceability soil bearing pressures and footing thickness for two-way shear.
Semester 2, 2020 Lecture 7 Design and analysis of isolated column circular footing (eccentrically loaded). Design and analysis of isolated column circular footing (eccentrically loaded). Footings Subject to Eccentric Loading Footings are often subjected to lateral loads or overturning moments, in addition to vertical loads. These types of loads are typically seismic or wind loads. Lateral loads or overturning moments result in a non-uniform soil bearing pressure under the footing, where the soil bearing pressure is larger on one side of the footing than the other. Non- uniform soil bearing can also be caused by a foundation pedestal not being located at the footing center of gravity. If the lateral loads and overturning moments are small in proportion to the vertical loads, then the entire bottom of the footing is in compression and a P/A ± M/S type of analysis is appropriate for calculating the soil bearing pressures, where the various parameters are defined as follows: P = The total vertical load, including any applied loads along with the weight of all of the components of the foundation, and also including the weight of the soil located directly above the footing. A = The area of the bottom of the footing. M = The total overturning moment measured at the bottom of the footing, including horizontal loads times the vertical distance from the load application location to the bottom of the footing plus any overturning moments. S = The section modulus of the bottom of the footing. If M/S exceeds P/A, then P/A - M/S results in tension, which is generally not possible at the footing/soil interface. This interface is generally only able to transmit compression, not tension. A different method of analysis is required when M/S exceeds P/A.
Following are the typical steps for calculating bearing pressures for a footing, when non- uniform bearing pressures are present. These steps are based on a footing that is rectangular in shape when measured in plan and assumes that the lateral loads or overturning moments are parallel to one of the principal footing axes. These steps should be completed for as many load combinations as required to confirm compliance with applicable design criteria. For instance, the load combination with the maximum downward vertical load often causes the maximum bearing pressure while the load combination with the minimum downward vertical load often causes the minimum stability. PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS.
1. Determine the total vertical load, P.
2. Determine the lateral and overturning loads. 3. Calculate the total overturning moment M, measured at the bottom of the footing.
4. Determine whether P/A exceeds M/S. This can be done by calculating and comparing P/A and M/S or is typically completed by calculating the eccentricity, which equals M divided by P. If e exceeds the footing length divided by 6, then M/S exceed P/A. 5. If P/A exceeds M/S, then the maximum bearing pressure equals P/A + M/S and the minimum bearing pressure equals P/A-M/S.
6. If P/A is less than M/S, then the soil bearing pressure is as shown in Fig. 5-1. Such a soil bearing pressure distribution would normally be considered undesirable because it makes the footing structurally ineffective. The maximum bearing pressure, shown in the figure, is calculated as follows: Maximum Bearing pressure = 2 P / [(B) (X)] Where X = 3(L/2 - e) and e = M / P Shallow Foundation – Structural Design II
FOOTINGS UNDER ECCENTRIC COLUMN LOADS.
When a column transmits axial loads only, the footing can be designed such that the load acts at the centroid of the footing, producing uniform pressure under the footing. However, in some cases, the column transmits an axial load and a bending moment, as in the case of the footings of fixed-end frames. The pressure q that develops on the soil will not be uniform and can be evaluated from the following equation: 𝑃 𝑚𝑦 𝑞= ∓ ≥0 𝐴 𝐼 Where: P= vertical load, positive in compression, A= area of the contact surface between the soil and the footing, I= moment of inertia of this area, M=moment about the centroid axis of the footing area Y= distance from the centroidal axis to the point where the stresses are being calculated.
The moment,𝑀, can be expressed as 𝑃𝑒 , where(𝑒) is the eccentricity of the load
relative to the centroidal axis of the area 𝐴. The maximum eccentricity (𝑒) for which equation above applies is that which first causes 𝑞 = 0, at some point. Larger eccentricities will cause a portion of the footing to lift off the soil, because the soil–footing interface cannot resist tension. For a rectangular footing, this occurs when the eccentricity exceeds 𝑙 𝐵 𝑒 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑒 = 6 6 This is referred to as the kern distance. Loads applied within the kern, the shaded area in Fig. 7.8c, will cause compression over the entire area of the footing, and 𝑞 can be computed from equation above.
1 Shallow Foundation – Structural Design II
Figure 7.8
2 Shallow Foundation – Structural Design II
Various pressure distributions for rectangular footings are shown in Fig. 7.9.
If the load is applied concentrically, the soil pressure 𝑞 = 𝑞 = as shown in
Figure a If the load acts through the kern point (Fig.C), 𝑞 = 0 at one side and 𝑞 = 2𝑞 at the other. If the load falls outside the kern point, the resultant upward load is equal and opposite to the resultant downward load, as shown in Fig. 7-9 d. Generally, such a pressure distribution would not be acceptable, because it makes inefficient use of the footing concrete, tends to overload the soil, and may cause the structure to tilt.
3 Shallow Foundation – Structural Design II
Figure 7.9
4 Shallow Foundation – Structural Design II
There are three different conditions for eccentricity
The footing thickness satisfies two-way shear requirement.
7 Shallow Foundation – Structural Design II
4- Check the footing thickness for one way shear (beam shear)
It is conservative to assume that the maximum factored soil pressure of (231.5 kN/m2) acts on the entire shaded region. Thus, the factored shear force to be resisted at the critical section is:
𝑣 = 231.5 × 2.5 × 1.195 = 691.6𝑘𝑁
∅𝑣 = 0.75 × 0.17 × √21 × 2500 × 505 × 10 = 737.65 𝑘𝑁 ∅𝑣 > 𝑣 𝑜𝑘 The footing thickness satisfies the one-way shear requirement. 5- Calculate the flexural reinforcement a- Long direction
NZS 3101.2006_A3 In rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be distributed in accordance with (a)
and (b): (a) Reinforcement in the long direction shall be distributed uniformly across entire width of
footing. 4482 𝑛= = 14.27 , 𝑢𝑠𝑒 15∅20 𝑚𝑚, 314.16 2500 − 150 𝑠= = 156.6𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 150𝑚𝑚 15 The minimum spacing should be smallest of - 450 mm - 3t=1800mm S= 150mm< Smin. ok b- Short direction
(b) For reinforcement in the short direction, a portion of the total reinforcement, 𝛾 As, shall be distributed uniformly over a band width equal to the length of short side of footing, centered on centerline of column or pedestal.
Remainder of reinforcement required in the short direction,(1– 𝛾 )As, shall be distributed uniformly outside the center band width of footing
𝛾= = . = 0.79 .
𝐴 = 0.79 × 4482 = 3540.78 𝑚𝑚
3540.78 𝑛= = 11.27 , 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12∅20 𝑚𝑚, 314.16 2500 𝑠= = 208𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 200𝑚𝑚 12 The remain steel reinforcement will divided into two parts as shown below
