Keys

Test 1
Reading and Use of English Part 1 Exam Practice
1 C ‘safely’ collocates with ‘assume’. The other adverbs
Training here don’t.
Identifying collocations 2 D All four options can be used with ‘up’ as phrasal
1 1 make a difference / sense / an exception / trouble verbs. However, ‘end up’ is the only one that fits
2 do your best / the shopping / someone a the meaning of the sentence – it means ‘eventually
favour / harm finish’ or ‘eventually find yourself’.
3 have an experience / an effect / patience / a row 3 B ‘suggests’ is the only one of these verbs which
4 take notice / something for granted / pleasure / collocates with ‘research’.
turns 4 a The passive structure ‘[something] is characterised
5 put pressure on someone / something into by ...’ is often used to describe the most typical or
practice / an end to something / your mind noticeable qualities of something. The other verbs
to something are not used in this way.
6 give a talk / your word / credit to someone / 5 a ‘distance’ is the only one of these nouns that relates
someone a chance to races and measuring an athlete’s win or loss.
7 set an example / a record / an alarm / fire to 6 D ‘narrowly’ is the only one of these adverbs that
something collocates with ‘lose’ or ‘lose out’. It also collocates
8 keep a promise / a diary / a secret / in touch with ‘win’.
2 1 set a/the record 7 B All these verbs mean ‘think about’, but ‘reflect’ is the
only one that takes the preposition ‘on’.
2 give (me) your word
8 C ‘feeling’ collocates with ‘happiness’ and is the only
3 kept in touch
noun here that can be followed by the preposition ‘of’.
4 had a row
5 take turns Reading and Use of English Part 2
6 puts his mind to
Training
7 do me a favour
Useful language: relative pronouns
8 did her best
1 where
3 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 D
2 why
Understanding the precise meaning of words 3 when
1 C 4 which
2 B 5 who
3 C 6 what
4 B 7 which
5 D 8 whose

218 Test 1 Keys

Useful language: adjective + preposition come from – before that, no one knew. So the gap
1 at needs a word that indicates the period up to this
2 with recent time. We can’t say ‘before recently’, but we can
say ‘until recently’.
3 for
10 it Impersonal passive structures like ‘it is thought /
4 of
said / reported / argued’ are common in texts about
5 to academic research.
6 for 11 between When a range with two points is described,
7 of / about we say ‘between X and Y’ or ‘from X to Y’. Be careful not
8 for to mix them up.
9 to 12 as ‘known’ is followed by ‘as’ when it has this
10 by meaning of ‘called’.
13 which This relative pronoun refers back to ‘46 blue
Useful language: verb + noun + preposition diamonds’. It’s important to look further than the
1 of word(s) immediately before the gap. Sometimes the
2 from words which relative pronouns refer to can be found
3 in further away. Similar combinations with ‘of’ are
4 on common in more formal English, e.g. ‘some of which’,
‘one of which’, ‘none of which’, ‘several of which’.
5 of
14 Not If you read the whole of this sentence, you
6 for
will see that the two parts of the sentence are held
7 for together by the structure ‘Not only ... but also’.
8 of 15 than This follows the comparative structure ‘four
times nearer’.
Useful language: connecting words
1 Concession 16 according ‘according to’ is a prepositional phrase
Time Condition
which means ‘as stated by’.
although / after if
though until even if
despite ex. when in case
Reading and Use of English Part 3
even though before unless
Training
in spite of whether
Useful language: identifying types of words
Comparison Reason Correlation
1 and 2
than so that both ... and ...
rather than in order to/that not only .... but 1 professional a word between a definite or
whereas because (also) ... indefinite article (a/the) and a noun is usually an
as ... as so as to either ... or adjective.
so as not to whether ... or not 2 Unfortunately A single word at the start of a
neither ... nor sentence which is followed by a comma will be
an adverb. In this case, the rest of the sentence
2 1 until
indicates that a negative meaning is referred to.
2 Not only
3 differences ‘many’ before the gap indicates that a
3 Rather than plural noun is needed.
4 unless 4 fitness A word coming between two nouns will be
5 Despite / In spite of an adjective or a noun.
6 whether 5 enables The gap between ‘medical care’ and
7 Although /Though / Even though ‘modern footballers’ needs a verb.
6 envious An adjective is needed to follow ‘he’s quite’.
Exam Practice 7 drawbacks A noun is needed for the gap between
9 until If you read the whole text, you find out that ‘the’ and ‘of’. ‘One of the’ indicates that a plural noun
scientists recently discovered where blue diamonds is needed.

Keys Test 1   219

Useful language: using prefixes and suffixes

verb noun adjective adverb

create creation creative creatively
creator uncreative
intend intention intentional intentionally
intended unintentionally
originate origin original originally
unoriginal unoriginally
popularise popularity popular popularly
unpopular unpopularly
increase increase increasing increasingly
increased
please pleasure pleasing / displeasing pleasingly displeasingly
displease pleasant / unpleasant pleasantly unpleasantly
pleasurable
kindness kind kindly
unkind unkindly

Useful language: understanding suffixes

1
Suffix Function Meaning Examples
-er, -or to make a noun from a verb yy person who does something thinker, boxer, operator
yy object that does something ruler, projector,
-ist to make a noun, often from yy people in certain professions e.g. journalist, scientist
another noun yy people with certain beliefs anarchist, theorist
yy some musicians e.g. pianist, guitarist
-tion, -sion to make a noun from a verb for many different things e.g. pollution, collection,
suspension, admission
-ness to make a noun from an often for feelings, qualities and sadness, kindness, readiness
adjective states of mind
-ise / ize to make a verb from an cause to have a quality modernise
adjective e.g. supervise, categorise
-ment to make a noun from a verb process or result of doing enjoyment
something e.g. resentment, contentment
-ity to make a noun from an quality or state of something modernity, sensitivity
adjective
-ship to make a noun, often from status friendship
another noun e.g. membership, partnership
-ify to make a verb from an cause to have a quality notify
adjective or noun e.g. mystify, simplify
-ive to make an adjective from a for many different things active
verb or noun e.g. talkative, pensive

220   Test 1Keys
2 1 summarised / summarized 21 expansions The structure of the sentence indicates
2 immersion that a noun is needed. Also, ‘two’ indicates that it must
be a plural noun.
3 membership
22 moisture The structure of the sentence indicates that
4 determination
a noun is needed.
5 violinist
23 increasingly ‘complex’ after the gap is an adjective,
6 complexity so the word here is likely to be an adverb.
7 employment 24 analysis / analyses Reading from the start of the
8 identify sentence tells us that a noun is needed here. In this
Useful language: adjectives and adverbs case it could be singular or plural.
1
noun Adjective Adverb Reading and Use of English Part 4
tradition traditional traditionally
Training
energy energetic energetically
How to approach Part 4
function functional functionally Your thinking may be something like this:
drama dramatic dramatically a ‘A last-minute’ before the gap is different from ‘at the
politician political politically last minute’. ‘Last-minute’ is an adjective, so a noun
essence essential essentially should follow it.
sarcasm sarcastic sarcastically b ‘Off the match’ is different from ‘cancel the match’. We need
a verb before ‘off’ to express the same meaning as ‘cancel’.
athlete athletic athletically
c The ideas ‘it was decided’ and ‘cancel’ are missing from
emotion emotional emotionally the second sentence.
controversy controversial controversially d The key word MADE must relate to either ‘it was
irony ironic ironically decided’ or to ‘cancel’. But ‘made off the match’ doesn’t
nutrition nutritional nutritionally make sense – ‘made off’ doesn’t mean ‘cancel’. So MADE
must be related to the idea ‘it was decided’.
enthusiasm enthusiastic enthusiastically
e The noun ‘decision’ can follow the adjective ‘last-minute’.
anecdote anecdotal anecdotally
But it needs to be followed by a verb: ‘was MADE’. ‘A last-
minute decision was made’ has the same meaning as ‘it
2 1 emotional
was decided at the last minute’. The phrasal verb ‘to call
2 enthusiastically off’ means ‘cancel’.
3 nutritional So, the complete second sentence is: ‘Because of the heavy
4 anecdotal rain, a last-minute decision was made to call off the match.’
5 Controversially Applying the approach to Part 4
6 sarcastic 1 1 hasn’t SEEN her cousin for
2 he had LET Maria know
Exam Practice
3 have paid (more) ATTENTION to what
17 economic An adjective is needed before the noun
‘development’. 2 1 AS easy to find
18 threatened ‘are’ before the gap and ‘by’ after it 2 would not/wouldn’t have TURNED down
indicate that this is a passive structure, so the past 3 keeping an EYE on
participle of a verb is needed. The infinitive is ‘threaten’.
19 endangered Reading the whole of this sentence Making sure sentences have the same meaning
carefully tells us that the trees have a serious problem. 1 A
‘Dangerous’ is an adjective formed from ‘danger’, but 2 A
it doesn’t fit the meaning of the sentence. 3 B
20 existence ‘their’ before the gap indicates that a noun 4 A
is needed.
5 B

Keys Test 1   221

Exam Practice problems admitting that I’m not a great painter, but
The vertical line | shows where the answer is split into two I’m serious about what I do,’ she says. ‘But yeah, my
parts for marking purposes. current situation – the focus being on me – is rather
25 AS hard / difficult | to visit as ‘Not as ... as’ is used as embarrassing.’
a comparative structure. 3 Jenny refers to feeling embarrassed in line 8: ‘It makes
26 lost TOUCH with | all (of) / fallen out of TOUCH me feel quite uncomfortable’, and in the final line ‘my
with | all ‘Lose touch with’ is the opposite of ‘stay in current situation – the focus being on me – is rather
contact with’. embarrassing’. Both comments are in connection with
the attention her art is getting. So the correct answer is
27 promotion | CAME as a surprise After ‘sudden’
option C.
a noun is needed , and ‘promotion’ is the noun
from ‘promote’. ‘[It] came as a surprise / shock [to Working out the meaning of words from the context
someone]’ is a common expression. 1 ‘Moan’ is a verb which means ‘complain’. We use it
in a negative way to mean ‘complain too much or
28 are BOUND to be | (some) complaints / is BOUND
unnecessarily’. ‘About how difficult their lives are’ after
to be some complaining ‘Bound to happen’ means
‘moaning’ gives a clue about what ‘moaning’ might
‘certain to happen’.
mean. The rest of the sentence indicates that the writer
29 would NEVER have / would have NEVER | taken ‘if might be using it to express disapproval.
you hadn’t suggested it’ in the second part of the
2 ‘Shun’ is a verb which means ‘avoid something’. The
sentence is part of a third conditional structure; the
information that ‘Jenny is very protective of her privacy’
other half must be ‘would (never) have / (never) would
and ‘she rarely gives interviews’ provides a clue to what
have’ + past participle. We talk about ‘taking up’ a
‘shun publicity’ might mean – ‘avoid publicity’.
sport or hobby when we start doing it regularly.
3 ‘Dwell on’ is a phrasal verb which means ‘keep thinking
30 in FAVOUR of | banning ‘is in favour of’ means
or talking about something’. The first sentence tells
‘supports the idea of’. After the preposition ‘of’, the
us that Jenny has an interesting past, but the second
verb must be in the -ing form.
sentence tells us she prefers to talk about the future.
This suggests that ‘dwell on’ must mean something like
Reading and Use of English Part 5 ‘talk about or focus on’.
Training 4 ‘Point-blank’ here is an adverb which means ‘directly
Identifying the ideas and feelings expressed in the text and clearly’. Jenny usually says ‘exactly what she thinks’
2 Jenny Granger, lead singer of the rock band The Traces, (in the sentence after ‘point-blank’) gives a clue to what
has spent most of the last three years painting, and a it might mean. ‘Point-blank’ can also be used as an
book showcasing her art has just been published. As adjective.
one critic recently pointed out, rock stars becoming 5 ‘Prowess’ is a noun which means ‘great ability or skill’.
painters has become quite a regular thing. (A) Given We are told that ‘Jenny had no musical training’, which
that the Rolling Stones’ guitarist Ronnie Wood and the suggests that she may not have had great musical
great American singer-songwriters Bob Dylan and Joni ability.
Mitchell have all had high profile exhibitions of their
Identifying opinion expressed in the text
paintings, Granger’s career change is perhaps not so
1 do justice to = treat something in the right way or properly
surprising. But she has certain doubts. ‘There are so
many people who’ve been painting all their lives and be in awe of = feel great respect for someone/
they can’t get their work into a gallery,’ she says. ‘Then something
I play around with some colours for a couple of years conjure up = create something unexpected as if by magic
and because of who I am, there’s a big fancy book of envisage = imagine what will happen in the future
my paintings, and (C) lots of articles and reviews in with hindsight = the understanding of an event or
the press about it! It makes me quite uncomfortable.’ situation only after it has happened
She may not be the most technically skilled of artists,
In her early twenties, Jenny went to art school, but
but (B) the portraits, landscapes and abstract images
dropped out before completing her degree. ‘I was
that she paints have improved in quality over time. (D)
spending all my time playing music, and I wasn’t doing
One writer has claimed that she’s a phoney, but that’s
justice to the art course,’ she says. ‘But I hung out
clearly not right. In fact, she’s very genuine. ‘I have no
with a group of young artists. I remember being very

222   Test 1Keys
 impressed with them. In fact, I was really in awe of how in his ability to promote it. D: People were angry
clever and cool some of them were.’ Jenny also recalls about the game, but the text doesn’t say Wilson didn’t
that they were dedicated to self-improvement. understand what gamers wanted.
2 (A) ‘They seemed to have been born with perfect 32 D ‘Most reviewers ... praised its lonely mood, its
technique – they could conjure up a brilliant painting weirdly beautiful aesthetic qualities.’ A: The text
or sculpture out of nothing almost overnight. (D) But says that reviewers ‘unintentionally gave the critics
they were very disciplined too – they worked at getting ammunition’, but this doesn’t mean they exaggerated
better.’ So did Jenny envisage successful artistic the game’s weaknesses. B: The text says that ‘many
careers for any of her friends? ‘I didn’t think about it at disappointed players moved on to other more
the time,’ she says. ‘But with hindsight, 20 years later, I conventional games’, but it doesn’t say the press
can see that (C) their ideas actually weren’t very radical encouraged comparison. C: The text says reviewers
or new. They did pretty much what they were told to noted ‘the astounding technical feat of generating
do. That hasn’t stopped a few of them doing very well an entire universe of planets, each with its own
for themselves, though. In fact, (B) a couple of them are ecosystem’ – this means they admired the designers’
now world-famous artists and their paintings sell for ability, rather than questioning it.
millions of pounds.’ 33 C Wilson’s resentment is expressed by ‘the way they did
3 A Jenny says, ‘They seemed to have been born with it was so unfair and over the top. We really felt that all
perfect technique’. So she thought they had natural of our hard work hadn’t been recognised and some of
talent. There is nothing in the text which indicates that the criticism was unreasonable.’ A: Wilson was affected,
her view now is any different. but the text doesn’t say he was surprised at how much
B Jenny says, ‘That hasn’t stopped a few of them doing he was affected. B: The text doesn’t mention whether
very well for themselves, though. In fact, a couple of he was protected or not. D: Wilson thinks the reaction
them ... their paintings sell for millions of pounds.’ So was unfair, but admits that the mistakes he and his
she says they have made lots of money. But there is colleagues made in the launch of the game were what
nothing in the text to say her view in the past was, or sparked the reaction. So he knows what motivated the
her view now is, that they focused too much on money. behaviour of the people who attacked them.
C Jenny says, ‘with hindsight, 20 years later, I can see 34 D The paragraph starts by saying ‘Wilson and his
that their ideas actually weren’t very radical or new. team didn’t give up. Instead, they decided to keep
They did pretty much what they were told to do.’ So her working on Way Beyond and to concentrate on what
view now is that they were rather conventional in their the people who were actually playing it wanted.’ So
thinking. Earlier in the text, Jenny says she was ‘in awe the paragraph explains how he handled the situation.
of how clever and cool some of them were’. This implies A: The paragraph mentions the pressure involved in
that in the past she thought they were not conventional trying to make a game that people want to play, but
– so her view has changed. the main purpose of the paragraph is not to describe
that. B: The paragraph mentions people who work in
D Jenny says, ‘they were very disciplined too – they
the games industry, but the main purpose is not to
worked at getting better.’ So, Jenny’s view now is that
explain what they’re like. C: Wilson refers to difficulties
the artists spent plenty of time trying to develop their
he faced as a child, but the main purpose of the
skills. Nothing in the text tells us that her view in the
paragraph is not to tell us about his background.
past was any different.
35 A ‘one’ in this phrase refers to an update. The writer
4 C
goes on to describe the three updates mentioned,
Exam Practice of which ‘the key one’ means that ‘you can ... invite
other players to explore with you, in groups of four’.
31 A Sentences 3–5 in the first paragraph tell us that
B: Players could always move around easily: ‘You could
Wilson made exaggerated claims for the game before
always fly around the universe, explore planets ...’
its release and people were angry ‘when features
(etc.), so there is no significant update in this area.
promised during development were not present
C: The text says you can now ‘construct bases’ and
when the game came out’. B: The text says Wilson’s
‘colonise a planet with ever-expanding constructions’,
comments on Way Beyond were reported, but it
but it doesn’t says this is the crucial update. D: The
doesn’t say they were misrepresented. C: The text says
text makes it clear that the game now has more
that Wilson made unrealistic claims in his promotion
resources, but it doesn’t say this is the crucial update.
of Way Beyond, not that he had an unrealistic belief

Keys Test 1   223

36 B ‘contrary to what one might assume, Way 2 B’s opinion is that public libraries are good for the
Beyond has sold extremely well right from the very economy – ‘they provide a vital service to the business
start’ indicates that its commercial success would sector’.
surprise some people. A: Wilson mentions that the B says other people think libraries are expensive = ‘It is
development team of six was unusually small, but sometimes argued that public libraries are a drain on
this isn’t what the writer says would surprise people. public finances.’
C: Wilson says he and his colleagues listened and
3 � libraries help the economy to grow – ‘libraries
responded to feedback, but the writer doesn’t say contribute significantly to local wealth creation’ (Text A)
this would surprise people. D: Wilson says they ‘kept
yy it’s not clear if libraries make economic sense –
the feeling [they] always wanted to have of landing
‘whether this is a cost-effective service is open to
on a planet that no one’s ever been to before’, but the
question’ (Text C)
writer doesn’t say this would surprise people.
yy libraries are too expensive to run – ‘a luxury we
cannot afford’ (Text D)
Reading and Use of English Part 6
4 A shares B’s view.
Training
Exam Practice
Summarising opinions in the texts 37 D Expert A says that home-schooled children
1 A Public libraries should continue to do this. participate in an ‘array of clubs, groups and
B It isn’t sensible for libraries to do this. associations ... where they mix with a wide spectrum
C Public libraries should continue to do this. of people’. Similarly, D says: ‘home educators actually
2 The answer is B. go to great lengths to involve their children in an
impressive diversity of cultural and social contexts’.
Looking for paraphrases to identify opinions in the texts However, B says: ‘Learning how to get on with other
1 Phrases that could be used to express views about pupils and staff ... cannot be achieved outside school’.
public libraries bringing people together. C refers to learning ‘what it takes to live alongside and
yy They’re places where people can meet. Yes communicate effectively with individuals of all kinds’,
but says that here ‘home schooling falls short’.
yy You can make useful contacts there. Yes
yy You can concentrate there because they’re quiet. 38 B Expert B suggests that home schooling is likely
Probably not. to have a negative impact on the family unit: ‘I
would fear for what being in each other’s company
yy They connect communities. Yes
constantly would do to our relationship – and I doubt
yy Anyone can go to a public library – they’re not we’re unusual in that respect.’ A, C and D argue that
exclusive places. Yes home schooling would strengthen the family unit.
2 Text B: libraries are a reminder that life is not just about A: ‘this tends to lead to much healthier relationships.’
ourselves, but about other people too C: ‘the chances are that their close family ties will
Text C: Whether it’s a child looking for a fun story, an be reinforced.’ D: ‘The process is also likely to be
immigrant in need of language learning materials, immensely helpful in terms of bonding, and thus
a student wanting a place to study, or a pensioner runs counter to ... the fragmentation of traditional
seeking company, we can all go to one place: the local interpersonal structures.’
library. 39 C Expert B doesn’t think parents are well suited
Text D: places where we could ... find company with to teach their children: ‘The majority of adults are
others. ... The internet, shopping malls, gyms and cafes ill-equipped to provide their offspring with the in-
are where most of us go these days. depth cross-curricular knowledge that pupils need.’
D is the answer to Question 2. Similarly, C says: ‘most [children] will gain more
educationally from being in class with a trained
Reading the text carefully professional than alone with a loved one who lacks
1 very expensive to run = a drain on public finances the requisite skills.’ A and D both think parents are
important for companies = a vital service to the business likely to be suitable as teachers at home. A: ‘Parents’
sector understanding of their children and commitment to
their best interests will usually make up for whatever

224   Test 1Keys
 specific expertise they may be short of.’ D: ‘the C
majority of parents who are motivated enough to tutor Others say such talk of disaster is exaggerated,
their own sons and daughters full time will become however. They point out that bananas are as cheap and
proficient through practice.’ abundant as ever in our shops. The fungus causing the
40 C Expert A thinks the home is a suitable environment: disease has been advancing steadily for three decades,
‘in many ways, learning works better from a kitchen yet global production has continued to rise. Latin
table than in an institutional setting.’ B says that America – where some 80% of exported bananas are
education in the home ‘may well be a desirable grown – has so far managed to keep the disease away.
alternative’ for children who don’t get the attention 3 C fits best. ‘Others say’ links back to ‘Some experts
they need in a school classroom. D also emphasises suggest’. ‘Such talk of disaster’ links back to ‘in danger
the advantages of avoiding the ‘peer pressure, of extinction’ and ‘wiping out banana plantations’. Also,
bullying, rowdiness and other aggravations that school the second and third sentences in C emphasise that the
pupils have to deal with and which get in the way of situation of the banana isn’t so bad – lots of bananas
education’. C has a very different view: ‘the home is are sold and the disease hasn’t yet affected Latin
where you eat, sleep and play, and is therefore not America. This is the second, opposing theory referred to
particularly conducive to the concentration needed to at the start of the paragraph after the gap.
absorb certain types of knowledge.’
4 Reference Linkers Content words /
Reading and Use of English Part 7 words ideas
this however points
Training these moreover questions
Finding the links between the paragraphs he similarly developments
1 a one of them on the other hand differences
yy a word that means people who know a lot about a it as a result issue
specific subject = ‘experts’
there interestingly
yy words relating to the idea that something is later on
disappearing or being destroyed = ‘in danger of
extinction, wiping out’
5 2 F ‘What researchers have discovered’ in F links back
b to ‘scientists have not yet come up with a chemical
yy a word that means sets of ideas = ‘theories’ fix for TR4’ in the paragraph before the gap. Also, ‘It
c ‘the two theories’ indicates that the removed is thought to spread through infected plant parts
paragraph is about a theory that is different from, and and soil attached to shoes, tools, vehicles, planting
possibly opposed to, the one described in the first materials and water’ links forward to ‘That’s how
paragraph. The first paragraph refers to the banana being plant diseases often advance’ in the paragraph after
in danger of extinction; the removed paragraph could the gap.
refer to the idea that the situation is not so serious. 3 E ‘Dr Charles Staver ... agrees’ links back to ‘“It’s
2 A only a matter of time,” says Dr Miguel Dita, a
In fact, that last point is relatively easy to answer. An plant disease specialist in Brazil. “Many banana
earlier form of the disease was reported in Australia, companies have operations in Asia, Latin America
Costa Rica and Panama in the late 19th century. It spread and the Caribbean”.’ Also, ‘Banana industry
across Latin America, devastating production of the Gros technicians travel around the world, so there’s
Michel, a sweet and creamy banana that dominated the also a high risk of them bringing it in. And ‘it could
export market. But what can we learn from this? be a tourist bringing in an ornamental plant’
links forward to ‘Either way, the implications are
B
extremely serious’ after the gap.
What followed was mass unemployment and huge
4 D ‘One approach is to’ links back to ‘Clearly
economic losses. The banana industry took several
something needs to be done to combat the disease.
decades to recover. By the 1960s, however, the
But what?’ just before the gap. Also, ‘Another way
Cavendish banana, which is resistant to the fungus, had
to slow the spread of the disease could be to’ at the
replaced the previously successful Gros Michel banana.
start of the paragraph after the gap links back to D.
Today the Cavendish accounts for 99% of global exports.

Keys Test 1   225

Exam Practice 2 Suggested answers
41 E ‘This strange peace’ in E links back to ‘The profound 1 the challenge of expressing ideas in a convincing way?
silence’ and ‘this isolated landscape’ in the first 2 a moment of acute embarrassment?
paragraph. Also, ‘a loud “boom”’ that isn’t bad and 3 a deliberate attempt to create distraction?
‘beautiful-sounding “singing” ice’ that’s ‘scary’
4 the pleasure that can be derived from setting short-
link forward to ‘contradictions of this kind’ in the
term goals?
paragraph after gap 41.
5 being given advice of doubtful value?
42 G ‘Such changes affect your speed and route’ in G links
back to ‘One day it was covered in a layer of water; the 6 the need to be aware of your own limitations?
next it had a light dusting of snow’ in the paragraph 7 a difficulty caused by having to deal with inaccurate
before gap 42. Also, ‘Our guides stabbed their sticks information?
into the ice, testing its depth. We stuck to ice that was 8 being able to transfer skills to a very different activity?
between 10cm and 15cm thick, though 5cm would still 9 the benefit of not taking yourself seriously?
be adequate’ in G links forward to ‘safety precautions
10 an important distinction?
like this’ in the paragraph after gap 42.
43 B In the first sentence of B, ‘it’ refers back to ‘the Reading task
best ice’ at the end of the paragraph before gap 43. In 1 D ‘I have to focus on engaging their interest and on
the second half of B, ‘it was only on the third day, a getting them to believe that the point I am trying to
Saturday, when we finally saw any other skaters ... and convey is significant and correct. The complexity of
we just glided past crying “Hej hej!”’ links forward to the content means that it’s often demanding work.’
‘Not that skating is an inherently unsociable activity’ 2 B The idea of acute embarrassment is conveyed by
at the start of the paragraph after gap 43. ‘there was this agonising silence which seemed to go
44 D ‘That was the extent of my experience too’ in D links on forever’.
back to the mention of the Australian ‘who’d only been 3 C The examiner started shouting at him when he was
skating on a public rink’ at the end of the paragraph trying to answer to a question to put him off.
before gap 44. Also, ‘wild skating had been popular all 4 A ‘I might give myself a target of doing two cartoon
over northern Europe’ at the end of D links forward to pictures every 40 minutes. It makes the whole process
the start of the paragraph after gap 44: ‘This is difficult more enjoyable.’
to imagine nowadays ... rivers in Britain, France and
5 B ‘…someone suggested I put scripts under my pillow
Germany rarely freeze solidly enough for wild skating
at night – I would supposedly learn the lines in my
to be feasible.’
sleep. I’m sure that’s just a myth’.
45 A ‘Skating has evolved in other ways as well’ in A
6 D ‘I find myself working on a problem in a way that
links back to the changes (‘warmer temperatures’ and
simply isn’t working, even though I’m directing my full
wild skating being limited to Scandinavian countries)
attention to it. Like many people, I don’t like admitting
mentioned in the paragraph before gap 45. Also, ‘two
defeat. However, I’ve learned from experience that
safety “ice nails”’ at the end of A links forward to ‘In
rather than muddling through, it’s sometimes better
Sweden, these are a legal requirement’ at the start of
to abandon what I’ve been doing and to adopt a
the paragraph after gap 45.
completely different approach.’
46 F ‘By the fourth day, however, I had the hang of it’ in
7 C ‘Believe it or not, passengers often get into my
F links back to the description of ‘The trickiest part of
cab without knowing the address or even the name
being on the ice’, which the writer ‘needed help with ...
of their destination. Getting them to the right place
at first’, at the end of the paragraph before gap 46.
requires huge concentration.’
8 C ‘I find mental devices like that very effective and
Reading and Use of English Part 8
I’ve actually used them to learn words and phrases in
Training foreign languages when travelling abroad.’
Paraphrasing 9 A ‘Then I caught sight of myself in the mirror and I
1 1 f  2 a  3 e  4 h  5 b  6 d  7 c couldn’t help but laugh because, for some reason, my
8 j  9 g  10 i reflection seemed so absurd. That put everything into

226   Test 1Keys
 perspective: in the bigger picture, my talk about being would be costly and lengthy. Lerner instead decided
a cartoonist had very little significance – and the talk to integrate dedicated bus lanes along the city’s main
went well.’ arteries, allowing buses to run at speeds comparable
10 B ‘The process of learning lines for a play is to those of light rail.’
significantly different from learning them for a film.’

Exam Practice Writing Part 1

47 B ‘by the 1990s, the buses were carrying 1.5 million
passengers a day. In fact, high ridership created Training
problems, with long queues waiting to board buses Meeting the task requirements
and pay fares.’ 1 1 content
48 A ‘He created parks and gardens, and protected the 2 effect
city’s rivers from being turned into concrete drainage 3 organisation
canals.’
4 range
49 D ‘BRT has become a cultural touchstone, Curitiba’s
5 common
answer to the freewheeling carnival spirit of Rio and
the fast-paced, business-dominated lifestyle in São 6 complex
Paulo. As if to remove any doubt about its symbolic 7 control
status for the city, the airport gift shop is built in the 2 1 How to improve people’s health and well-being in
shape of a life-size BRT station.’ modern society.
50 B ‘A determined and clever deal-maker, Lerner 2 Two.
persuaded private bus operators to provide 3 Which is the most effective measure to improve
the vehicles while he would pay for the new health and well-being in modern society?
infrastructure.’
3 Students’ own answers
51 C ‘“There’s no doubt that’s where BRT systems carry
the most people of any region in the world,” says one Useful language: expressing reasons
planning expert. “It’s probably down to the similar 1 2 We’re all responsible for our own lives. No one else.
language and cultural context.”’ That’s why I say it’s up to us to take control.
52 B ‘He called for longer buses, faster boarding through 3 Given that we spend more time alone than with other
multiple doors, fares paid for before entering the bus people, individual choice has to be the key factor.
and a single fare covering the entire network. Lerner 4 Obviously, these days, when most people spend
also gave the bus stops, or “stations”, a distinctive look all day sitting at a computer, the media – including
by placing them in futuristic glass tubes. With these social media – are likely to have the biggest impact
additions, the city gained the first bus rapid transit on people’s choices.
(BRT) network on the planet.’
5 A further argument for not forcing people to do
53 D ‘Contrary to what one might assume of a city known exercise by law is that people have enough rules in
for sustainability, Curitiba has only recently begun to their work life: they don’t want them in their free
take cycling seriously.’ time as well.
54 A ‘They (the authorities) appointed a young architect 2 1 Because of the popularity of the media, this has
called Jaime Lerner as city mayor, confident he would to be one of the best ways of influencing people’s
implement the planned changes.’ behaviour.
55 C ‘Seeing how well the Curitiba BRT seemed to 2 The negative effect of modern lifestyles on our well-
be working, the authorities in Bogotá borrowed being is largely due to the popularity of technology.
and added to many of Lerner’s concepts to build a
3 People spend less and less time looking after
viable larger BRT network of their own called the
themselves because of they are overwhelmed by the
Transmilenio ... From there, BRT’s influence continued
pressures of their daily lives.
to grow, spreading as far as the United States, South
Africa and China.’ 4 So Tempting advertisements for unhealthy food
and drink are everywhere, so we buy things we
56 B ‘planners advocated the building of subway train
shouldn’t without even realising. / Because there
lines. The problem with this was that construction

Keys Test 1   227

 are tempting advertisements for unhealthy food 3 Governments should spend money on researching
and drink everywhere, we buy things we shouldn’t eating habits so that people can have a reliable
without even realising. source of information about what foods they should
5 Should we look after our own health and well-being? eat, so that food producers can improve their
Of course we should, as / for / since / because we products for the benefit of consumers, etc.
are the ones who benefit from doing this. 4 This will be a matter of personal choice. The opinions
6 Since that exercise is a key factor in keeping fit and are listed to help you start to think about the three
healthy, the government should provide free, or at points. You should choose two points that you think
least subsidised, sports facilities in all towns and cities. you will be able to discuss well in English, showing your
command of a range of vocabulary and structures.
3 Students’ own answers
5 Model answer
Exam Practice
This model has been prepared as an example of a good
1 1 E
 xaminers will look for a discussion of two of the
answer. However, please note that this is just one example
following three areas of research which governments
from several possible approaches.
should spend money on: space, green energy, human
eating habits. They will also look for a selection of Governments around the world spend money on
one of these as the area of research which is more research. Two areas of research that I feel deserve
important for governments to spend money on, government investment are green energy and human
supported by an explanation of your point of view. eating habits.
2 An essay.
Our dependency on fossil fuels and other traditional
3 Effective paragraphing; usually an impersonal, energy sources has caused pollution and contributed
academic style rather than a colloquial style. to global warming. It has also had an effect on how
4 A neutral or formal register. You can use the first different countries in the world work together as
person, ‘I’, but avoid a conversational style. importers and exporters of oil and other fuels. So it is
5 Probably four paragraphs. The first can introduce vital that governments fund research to develop other
the topic. The second and third will each discuss sources of energy, which are more environmentally
one of the points in the notes. The fourth will friendly and can satisfy our growing needs for energy.
explain which of the two points discussed is more
important. This pattern is straightforward and could Another area of research which deserves government
help you structure any Part 1 essay. investment is people’s eating habits. Governments have
6 You will want your reader to understand your point an interest in promoting good public health and part
of view and the reasons for it. of this is knowing what food we need for good health.
2 Possible answers Nowadays, many people claim to be nutrition experts,
when in fact their claims are not backed up by reliable
1 invest in, make an investment in, fund, provide
research. There are many short-lived diets as well,
funds for, finance
which may cause more harm than good. The general
2 is crucial, is vital, should be a priority, should be public would trust research funded by the government,
prioritised
which could provide trustworthy information about
3 accessing proper nutrition, having a balanced diet eating habits.
3 Possible answers
While both of these areas of research are essential,
1 Governments should spend money on researching in my opinion it is more important for governments
space to continue to develop our understanding to spend money on energy research. At the moment,
of the universe, to explore the possibility of space there is plenty of information available for people to be
travel for ordinary people, to see if any other planets reasonably healthy and poor public health is perhaps
could support life, etc. due to people’s lifestyle issues rather than a lack of
2 Governments should spend money on researching research. However, alternative green sources of energy
green energy to develop sustainable forms of need to be researched and developed, and so it is
energy, to protect the environment from pollution crucial for governments to support this.
related to using fossil fuels, etc.

228   Test 1Keys
Notes Suggested alternative: The young people of the town
yy The first paragraph introduces the topic really do not have anywhere to spend time together,
yy The second paragraph deals with one of the points especially during the winter months, so I propose creating
a park in which there is also some kind of shelter.
yy The third paragraph deals with a second point
yy The fourth paragraph explains why one of the points is Useful language: using a greater range of vocabulary
more important than the other 1 be unsure, have doubts
yy Only two of the three points are discussed 2 downside, drawback
yy Variety in sentence structures and sentence length 3 go for, opt for, select
yy Good use of linking between sentences and ideas 4 enhance, upgrade
yy A neutral, semi-formal register, which is appropriate to 5 appreciate, get pleasure from
the task
6 complaint, concern, dilemma, issue
yy Correct length (258 words)
yy No language errors Useful language: communicating ideas using complex
language
Writing Part 2 Possible answers
2 Introducing a Sunday bus service would enable people
Training to travel easily.
Identifying the reader 3 Regular maintenance of the swimming pool would have
1 1 an English friend prevented it from being closed down.
2 the advertising manager of an international wildlife 4 The condition of the cycle paths varies considerably
organisation (Mrs Johnson) from area to area.
3 the head of the council 5 To my mind, offering more sports facilities and increasing
4 the editor of an entertainment magazine the frequency of buses are of equal importance.
5 the college principal 6 It’s the responsibility of the council to implement a
2 1 informal (friendly) better system for keeping the parks clean.

2 neutral or formal (polite), but persuasive 7 If the council hadn’t closed one of the car parks last
year, people wouldn’t have to waste time driving
3 formal (polite)
around in search of a parking space.
4 neutral or formal
5 formal (polite) Useful language: writing with control
2 
I suggest recruiting more well-known performers to
3 a 4 Inappropriate – too informal and direct. It sounds
attract the people’s attention. (unnecessary determiner)
quite rude and would have a negative effect on the
target reader. 3 I’m glad you’ve asked my advice. Unfortunately, it’s not
an easy decision to make. (missing reference pronoun)
Suggested alternative: I was surprised that the channel
chose to show that particular series. I am afraid I lost 4 As soon as I arrived at university, I knew I had made the
interest after the first two episodes. right choice. (incorrect preposition)
b 2 Register and tone are fine – neutral and 5 I am confident this picture would attract a lot of
persuasive. attention. (missing determiner)
c 5 Register and tone are fine – formal and polite. 6 Although I know a lot of people enjoy this programme,
I would not say it appeals to a wide audience. (incorrect
d 1 Inappropriate – too formal. It doesn’t suggest any
verb tense)
kind of relationship with the reader.
7 I trust the same situation won’t occur it again.
Suggested alternative: Don’t do anything at all until
(unnecessary reference pronoun)
you’ve had a chance to think about what’s best for you!
I like writing lists of all the pros and cons. Why don’t you 8 Another issue is that the canteen opening hours are
give that a try? very limited, only until 3 p.m. What about students who
are studying later in the day? (verb agreement)
e 3 Inappropriate – too informal, due to the short,
abrupt sentences.

Keys Test 1   229

Exam Practice yy Not too formal or informal in register – too much
formality would be inappropriate for an email, but too
Model answers informal a style would not seem serious.
These model answers have been prepared as examples of yy No language errors
very good answers. However, please note that each of these
is just one example out of several possible approaches. 3 Review
2 Email
Quizzes for You app
Dear Students, As a college student studying engineering, I use a
number of apps to help me. The phone app Quizzes for
I’m writing to tell you about a new idea to improve
You is my favourite at the moment.
the college’s website and to invite you to consider
participating. The app allows you to input information that you need
to learn, which could be formulas, procedures or any
At the moment, our website is quite good for factual
facts and figures. Then it takes all that information and
information, but it lacks a personal touch. This is where
converts it into a variety of quizzes. This means that you
you can get involved! We have a plan to include short
can test yourself and see what you know well and what
videos of current students talking about aspects of
you need to revise more. It keeps a score for you and
college life. The idea behind this is to give visitors to the
lets you go back to any quizzes you want and try again.
website a real taste of college life, in an authentic and
friendly way. If you have a positive college experience I would recommend this app to any student who, like
that you’d like to share on the website, we want to hear me, has a lot of factual information to learn. Just putting
from you. Or perhaps you could help by being involved the information into the app is an excellent form of
with the actual filming and uploading of the videos. We revision. Then, given that you nearly always have your
need people to direct and edit them as well. Just get in phone with you, the potential to revise is always at
touch with the students’ union office to indicate your hand. You can take short quizzes at any time, such as
interest. when you are on the bus or waiting for an appointment,
so it puts time that might otherwise be wasted to good
We think this will really benefit the college. Having an
use. The app has been an extremely useful tool for me in
updated website is important, as most people first find
the last year.
out about the college through the internet. We think
that having videos of people like you will help interested
students get a feel for what the college is really like. If In my experience, the app is not very complicated to
you get involved, you can use your skills in a creative use, but I do think the developers could make it more
way. You will also receive an official acknowledgement user-friendly. I had to read the instructions a number
of your contribution on the college website, which you of times, but not everyone would do that. If there were
can list on your CV. more interactive instructions or samples, that would be
an improvement.
Getting involved is easy – simply contact the students’
union office for more details and to register your
Notes
interest.
yy Statement of what is being reviewed at the beginning
Best wishes, yy Some basic information is given about the app
Marco Rossi yy The writer’s opinion comes through clearly
yy Clear organisation and paragraphing
Notes yy Variety in structures and sentence length
yy Clear organisation and paragraphing yy Not too formal in register – formality is not necessary for
yy Students are directly addressed to make the email more a website review
engaging yy Correct length (255 words)
yy Points in the task are all directly addressed yy No language errors
yy Variety in structures and sentence length
yy Correct length (249 words)

230   Test 1Keys
4 Proposal difficulties the man may have. C is incorrect because
she advises the man to gather information about the
I would like to propose two ways in which we could company.
celebrate our company’s great success this year. 3 A is incorrect because he has already done the
First, I’d like to propose that we have a party. It would background research, so this is not what he thinks
be a really enjoyable and relaxed way to acknowledge is the best way to prepare for the interview now. B
the success we have had. At the party, there could be a is incorrect because he wants to practise answering
time for recognising the particular contributions that questions – it is the woman who is going to think
different individuals and teams have made to the overall about which questions to ask.
company success. The staff would benefit from having 4 B is incorrect because she is impressed by the
some ‘downtime’ together and also from focusing on amount of useful information in the ad. Although
what we’ve done well. The company could benefit from she questions the information about the salary
the good feeling this would generate. being in dollars, she concludes that this is probably
useful for international applicants. C is incorrect
Another suggestion I’d like to propose is that we, as
because she isn’t confused by the information about
a company, take an afternoon off and get involved in
the salary.
some sort of community project. We are lucky enough
to be located quite close to the beautiful Tyrella beach, 5 A is incorrect because she doesn’t question the
so I propose that we could participate in a beach clean- man’s motives at all. B is incorrect because she
up day there. I have done this myself and it is a great doesn’t doubt his abilities to do the job or to do well
cause and a very satisfying project. This would be a at the interview.
way for our company to give back to the community we
are a part of, and also it would allow us to spend time
Exam Practice
together doing something other than work and to get to 1 A B: Adam says he now has good friends in the
know each other better. It would help us build stronger community, but he doesn’t say this is what attracted
teams within the company. him to Montreal. C: He mentions that he and his
family love celebrating Canada Day, but he doesn’t
Either of these ideas would be very attractive to staff, say anything about the value other inhabitants put on
but if only one can be implemented, I think we should celebrating that tradition.
have a party, as it is more of a celebration. We could
2 C A: Although they both mention people who are
look at a community project another time.
moving away from their street, neither of them
comments on the frequency with which people move
Notes
house in Montreal. B: Only Juliet mentions that her
yy The reason for writing is clear in the first paragraph sister would like to live in the city centre.
yy All points required by the task are dealt with 3 A B: Soraya says the opinions expressed in the press
yy Clearly organised into paragraphs and journals now are very different from earlier ones,
yy Formal enough for a work-related proposal but she doesn’t comment on their accuracy. C: She
yy Correct length (258 words) doesn’t attempt to explain or clarify why people have
yy No language errors changed their opinions.
4 B A: Halim expresses the opposite opinion: ‘it did go
Listening Part 1 into the pros and cons of the uses of plastic’. C: He also
says that the documentary covered the significant
Training points: ‘it covered the main ideas we’d discussed
Understanding what is being tested in class’.
1 1 B  2 A  3 C  4 A  5 C 5 B A: Jane says parents cope well with their teenage
2 1 A
 is incorrect because if he was sure he would do children’s moods, which suggests they do understand
well in the interview, he wouldn’t be asking for help them. C: She also suggests that parents do recognise
to prepare for it. C is incorrect because he says the that their children’s needs have changed because they
job seems ideal for him. adapt to giving more emotional support.
2 B is incorrect because she mentions that she had 6 A B: Ed mentions that his son is reluctant to wake up
nerves in a job interview, but she doesn’t suggest before ten, but this is not what particularly interests

Keys Test 1   231

 him. C: Although he is keen for his son to have a good Listening Part 3
circle of friends, he doesn’t say that he’s particularly
interested in the influence of peers on teenagers. Training
Understanding distraction
Listening Part 2 1 A is the correct option.
B is wrong because even though resources are
Training
mentioned (examples of pottery and the university’s
Making sure the answer fits the meaning of the online archive of works of art), Pedro doesn’t say they
sentence are what he prefers about studying at university.
1 Any five words for courses at university could fit here.
C is wrong because he says he chose a course that
2 Both ‘horticulture’ and ‘business’ could fill the gap, but covers various subjects, not that having more choice is
only ‘horticulture’ fits the meaning; ‘business’ is wrong why he prefers studying at university.
because she chose ‘the former’.
D is wrong because the well-known people mentioned
3 2 grade are former students, not people Pedro works with.
3 proud 2 B
4 1 In question 2, ‘water’ could be mistaken for the 3 A: In the recording you hear ‘being able to get my
answer. In question 3, ‘excited’ or ‘happy’ could be opinion across’, which implies oral communication, but
mistaken for the answer. Clare says she was already good at that at school.
2 ‘water’ is incorrect because, although her parents C: In the recording you hear ‘group work’ and
helped her understand when to water the flowers, ‘collaborating’, but only in connection with school. We
we don’t know that they praised her for it. They don’t know if she does team working at university or
praised her ability to grade the flowers. whether she has improved that skill.
‘excited’ is incorrect because it’s how she felt D: In the recording you hear ‘giving a talk’, but Clare
when she was asked to deliver flowers to shops, does not say she has improved this.
and ‘happy’ is incorrect because it’s how she felt
about talking to the florists. When the flowers were Exam Practice
displayed she felt proud. 15 D A, B and C all refer to other teachers and schools
and are not Amy’s opinion.
Exam Practice
16 C A: Only John makes the point about rules with
7 observation Synthetic pesticides are mentioned, but
children: ‘Don’t you think most parents talk about
Ben doesn’t use them, and he says that observation is
how, where and when to use phones a lot with their
more important than the protection of young trees.
children before they allow them to have one’ B: Only
8 leaves Bark is also mentioned, but it’s when leaves John mentions young children. D: Neither speaker
are discoloured that the tree needs fertiliser. says this. In fact, Amy refers to parents making rules
9 weather Two factors are mentioned, but the weather about children’s use of social media, which suggests
is more important than the delivery dates. that they do know what sites their children use.
10 bacteria Other farmers use soap, but he doesn’t. 17 B A, C and D are all mentioned, but John doesn’t
11 irrigation Although he mentions grass mowers and approve of them.
a shed, these are not systems and don’t fit with the 18 C A: Amy refers to a police report about the number
meaning of the sentence. of smartphones stolen, but there is no suggestion that
12 size He checks the levels of sugar and juice, but the the ban had any effect on this. B: Amy says students
sentence is about what he does last. enjoyed their teachers’ lessons more, but we don’t
13 scissors Ladders and metal baskets are also know if teachers spent more time on them. D: The
mentioned, but Ben and his workers don’t use them. opposite opinion is expressed: ‘It didn’t go down well
with some mums and dads’.
14 touch the earth He also uses the term ‘intelligent
food choices’, but this doesn’t fit the meaning of the 19 A B: John says that schools, not workplaces, should
sentence. look again at their policy on the use of smartphones.
C: He gives examples of workplace rules, but doesn’t
say these are hard to enforce. D: He says that it’s a

232   Test 1Keys
 good idea that children get used to not being able to written’ reflects G. D is wrong because it was her agent
use phones, but not that they are a valuable tool. who dealt with fans’ emails.
20 C A: Amy says there will always be ‘heated discussions’ 27 B ‘the mental switch I made from writing novels
on this subject, but not that there is disagreement based on historical facts to more descriptive,
between teachers and parents. B: She says ‘sometimes character-driven stories‘ reflects B. C is wrong because
the debate may seem trivial’, but that doesn’t mean he was travelling when he heard that he’d won the
that serious matters are being concealed. D: Although competition.
she mentions the speed of technological change, she 28 E ‘I spent hours staring at a blank screen’ reflects E. F
isn’t saying that the debate is outdated. is wrong because she says that being ‘headline news’
was ‘great’, not an intrusion.
Listening Part 4 29 A ‘I was being asked to write a follow-up novel by
companies in countries I knew little about’ reflects A. B
Training
is wrong because there is no mention of him travelling
Focusing on the message to these countries, and G is wrong because the market
1 Task One: F; Task Two: D interest was in a new novel, not his previous work.
2 In Task One, some people may be distracted by A, ‘to 30 H ‘Winning has also made me a more assertive
meet new people’, but this is wrong because she had person, sure enough of myself to say ...’ reflects H.
already started meeting new people and she doesn’t
say this was her reason for starting a new hobby.
Speaking Part 1
In Task Two, some people may be distracted by F
because the speaker mentions ‘mum and dad’, but Training
she doesn’t say she neglected them because of Focus on assessment: how your speaking is assessed
her new hobby, only that they found her choice of 1 1 Grammatical Resource
hobby amusing.
2 Lexical Resource
Exam practice 3 Pronunciation
Task One 4 Discourse Management
21 G ‘a gripping read and well written’ reflects G. A may 5 Interactive Communication
be tempting, but it’s wrong because it’s not how she 6 Global Achievement
felt when she entered the competition.
2 1 A reasonable range of vocabulary. This could be
22 H ‘it’d give me the chance to get feedback on my work developed, for example, by using a range of adjectives
and I’d take it on board’ reflects H. C is wrong because to describe the restaurant, the food and the band.
he had no convictions about whether he would win or
2 Yes, it is all suitable for the topic and task.
not: ‘whatever the result, win or lose’.
3 The grammatical forms are generally simple –
23 F ‘I had numerous sleepless nights thinking: what’ll mainly present tenses, with one example of ‘used to’
happen if I don’t win?’ reflects F. referring to the past.
24 B ‘I knew there’d be a big formal dinner and the 4 There are several errors, including use of the wrong
winner would have to get up and come out with words preposition and a verb agreement error:
of wisdom and the thought made me feel numb with
Not as much as I am used to. I’m not so keen on it
fear!’ reflects B. C is wrong because ‘At that stage I had
any more, because I have my laptop and I can watch
no idea whether I’d even win or not.’
movies on that. I tend to watch American series in
25 E ‘I was so hacked off by all the criteria I had to meet the main, especially crime ones.
for the competition’ reflects E. D is wrong because 5 Yes, it answers the question.
‘funny’ refers to the amusement she feels now,
6 No, the linking words are simple and limited. The
not when she entered the competition and not in
candidate needs to use a wider range of cohesive
response to the reactions of friends.
devices, including more linking words / expressions
Task Two and referencing.
26 G ‘bookshops were overwhelmed with readers 7 No, it doesn’t answer the question.
suddenly wanting anything and everything I’d ever 3 Students’ own answers

Keys Test 1   233

Speaking Part 2 5 true
6 point
Training
7 Wouldn’t
Useful language: speculating
8 take
1 Alternatives to the words spoken in the recording are in
brackets. 9 differ
1 impression 10 necessarily
2 seem 11 sure
3 suppose (reckon) 12 exact
4 Perhaps (Maybe) 2 Students’ own answers
5 looks
6 reckon (suppose) Test 2
7 appears (looks)
8 make
Reading and Use of English Part 1
9 maybe (perhaps)
2 Students’ own answers Training
Keep talking Review
1 To extend his talking time, the candidate talks about what 1 Yes. It’s a good idea to read the whole text through
he thinks might have happened before the picture was quickly to get an overall idea. To complete some gaps
taken (‘it looks like she’s waiting for someone to pick her correctly, you need to be aware of more than just a few
up and I get the impression that they’re late; I suppose words before and after a gap.
she’s just got off a flight, possibly a long-distance one, so 2 No.
she’s feeling pretty tired’) and what might happen next 3 Yes, mainly. However, there will be some gaps where
(‘Once she’s been picked up, I expect she’ll go home, you need to look carefully at the grammar of the words
have a shower and take a nap before she bothers with before and after the gap.
unpacking those cases we can see in the picture’).
4 It’s best if you can find the correct answer first, but if
2 Students’ own answers you find it hard to do that, then you can try to decide
which options don’t fit, and find the correct answer
Speaking Part 3 that way.
5 Yes, one or two of the questions often test your
Training
knowledge of phrasal verbs.
Useful language: expressing and justifying opinions
6 Yes, it’s possible.
1 1  d  2  a  3  g  4  e  5  f  6  c  7  b
2 1 due to / because of / owing to Useful language: using the correct phrasal verbs
2 because / since / as / due to the fact 1 came across
3 due to / because of / owing to 2 taken off
4 because 3 cutting down
5 due to / because of / owing to 4 brush up
5 get over
Speaking Part 4 6 put forward
7 cater for
Training
8 took on
Useful language: agreeing and disagreeing
1 1 couldn’t Useful language: choosing the right words in fixed phrases
2 agree 1 bearing in mind
3 feel 2 none of your business
4 Absolutely 3 when it comes to

234   Test 2Keys
4 at my disposal 4 having
5 went to great lengths 5 being
6 ahead of schedule 6 would / could
7 Having
Exam Practice
8 doing
1 B ‘Rescued’ means ‘saved from a dangerous or
unpleasant situation’. In this case, Castronovo saved the Useful language: using fixed phrases
evening’s performance. Although the other three verbs 1 order
have meanings related to keeping something in good 2 According
condition, none of them collocates with ‘performance’.
3 by
2 C ‘Do justice to someone’ is a set phrase which means
4 far
‘show the best qualities that someone has’.
5 so
3 A If something is ‘of some renown’, it is well known.
We can’t use the other three nouns in the same way 6 few
following the words ‘of some’.
Exam Practice
4 D ‘Applause’ is the sound of people clapping to show
9 Although / Though / While / Whilst If you read the
they have enjoyed or approved of something. None
whole of this sentence, you will see that a contrast
of the other nouns fit with ‘loud’, which describes
is being made between happy and tough times in
something that can be heard.
the job. If the gap was in the middle of the sentence,
5 B ‘Shed tears’ is a common collocation, meaning ‘cry’. ‘but’ would be used to join the two clauses together.
We don’t use ‘drop’, ‘cast’ or ‘spill’ with the word ‘tears’. The same contrast can be made by using ‘Although’,
6 A A ‘turn of events’ is the way in which a situation develops, ‘Though’, ‘While’ or ‘Whilst’ at the start of the sentence.
especially when the change is sudden or unexpected. 10 as The meaning expressed in the second part of this
7 C ‘Take over’ means to start doing a job or being sentence is ‘and so is working shiftwork – ‘as is’ can be
responsible for something instead of someone else. ‘Fill used to mean ‘and so is’.
out’ means ‘complete (a form or questionnaire)’. ‘Bring 11 like Here ‘like’ means ‘similar to’.
about’ means ‘make happen’ (but Ian Vayne didn’t
12 be ‘There tend to be’ means ‘There are often’.
make the role happen). ‘Cover up’ means ‘hide’.
13 nothing / little ‘There’s nothing worse than ...’ is a
8 D ‘As it happens’ is a fixed phrase, which we use to
commonly used phrase for talking about things that
introduce a surprising fact.
you dislike very much. ‘There’s little worse than ...’ is
much less common and the meaning is less strong.
Reading and Use of English Part 2
14 for When something is your responsibility, you are
Training responsible for it.
Review 15 whether ‘Whether’ is often used to introduce
1 No. The main focus is on grammar and common words alternative possibilities and can be followed by a
and expressions used to hold a text together. subjunctive – in this case ‘be’. Here the possibilities are
2 Yes, both are possible. ‘at night’ or ‘during the day’.

3 No. 16 However ‘However long’ means ‘It doesn’t matter

how long’.
4 Yes, sometimes. So don’t worry if you can think of two
possible answers. But make sure you only write one word.
Reading and Use of English Part 3
5 No. Contractions count as two words.
6 Yes. Training
Review
Useful language: using the correct verb forms
1 Part 3 is mainly a test of grammar vocabulary.
1 would / could
2 You can write either one or two words in each gap. You
2 have
can only write one word in each gap. If you write more
3 might / could than one word, you will lose a mark.

Keys Test 2   235

3 Sometimes the word given in capital letters can be put 23 complacency ‘this may lead to’ before the gap
in the gap without any changes. You must change the indicates that a noun is needed.
word given in capital letters in some way. 24 unintentionally The verb before the gap indicates that
4 You need to add a prefix or a suffix, but not or both. And the missing word is an adverb that qualifies the verb.
sometimes you need to form a compound word. The sentence suggests that companies may be giving
5 Only Both UK and US spellings are accepted. But the people the wrong idea about the conservation status
spelling must be correct. of these wild animals. However, the problem identified
earlier is ‘complacency’, not deliberate trickery or fraud,
Useful language: choosing the correct word for the so ‘intentionally’ is not appropriate here.
context
1 investigation Reading and Use of English Part 4
2 unfashionable
3 electricity Training
4 disapproval Review
5 economists 1 Two. The mark scheme divides the answer into two parts.
6 explanation 2 Three.
7 interaction 3 Six.
8 accurate 4 You will lose marks. You must use the key word
unchanged.
Useful language: spelling correctly
5 Two.
1 successful
2 government Useful language: understanding phrasal verbs
3 necessarily 1 1 g  2 d  3 f  4 h  5 a  6 c  7 b  8 e
4 negotiations 2 1 catch on
5 environmental 2 turned down
6 accommodation 3 stem from / stemmed from / have stemmed from
7 exaggeration 4 chill out
8 advertisement 5 soak up
6 bumped into
Exam Practice
17 popularity ‘this’ before the gap indicates that a noun Useful language: being accurate in the way you use
is needed. language
18 perception(s) The adjective ‘public’ before the 1 Adam suggested Jane to do that Jane do / did a
gap and ‘of’ after it indicate that a noun is needed law course.
here. Both the singular form and the plural form 2 Don’t forget to take a small amount number of coins
are possible. with you.
19 charismatic ‘most’ is used as part of a superlative 3 Everyone should have equal possibilities opportunities
form, describing animals. in education.
20 Ironically This is the first word at the start of the 4 I won’t let you to make the same mistake again.
sentence and is followed by a comma, which indicates 5 The bus stopped to allow passengers going to go to
that the missing word is an adverb. the shops.
21 survival ‘their’ before the gap and ‘prospects’ after 6 We could hear some classical music to play playing in
it indicate that the word needed is either an adjective the background.
or a noun functioning as an adjective. ‘Surviving’ can
be used as an adjective from ‘survive’, but it doesn’t fit Exam Practice
with ‘prospects’. The vertical line | shows where the answer is split into two
22 extinction The adjective ‘possible’ before the gap parts for marking purposes.
indicates that a noun is needed. 25 HIGHLY unlikely (that) Lily | will get ‘Highly’ is often
used to emphasise ‘likely’ or ‘unlikely’.

236   Test 2Keys
26 knowledge (that) Ian | has MADE up The phrase ‘it’s 2 1 enthusiastic
common knowledge’ is often used to express the idea 2 optimistic
that many people know / everyone knows. The phrase
3 cynical, sceptical
‘to make up one’s mind’ means ‘to decide’.
4 frustrated
27 (always) USED to | get on my If something ‘used to’
happen, it happened regularly in the past, but doesn’t 5 doubtful, unsure
happen any more. The phrase ‘get on someone’s 6 dismissive
nerves’ means ‘to annoy someone’. 7 convinced
28 she had / she’d RUN out | of energy You can ‘run 8 resentful
out of’ many things – time, energy, patience, petrol, 3 proud → pride (n) → proudly (adv)
money, ideas, inspiration. Here, the past perfect
doubtful → to doubt (v) → doubt (n) → doubtfully (adv)
form (‘had run out of ...’) is necessary because Silvia’s
energy ran out before she realised it. convinced → to convince (verb) → conviction (noun)
29 was SUPPOSED | to have We use ‘be supposed resentful → resentment (n – attitude) → to resent (v) →
to’ when something expected or intended doesn’t resentfully (adv)
happen. To refer to a past expectation, we use ‘was optimistic → optimist (n – person) → optimism
supposed’ and we can follow it with the past form of (n – attitude) → optimistically (adv)
the infinitive – in this case ‘to have arrived’. dismissive → to dismiss (v) → dismissal (n – action) →
30 to be | taken into ACCOUNT ‘To take something dismissively (adv)
into account’ means ‘to consider something’. In this confident → confidence (n) → confidently (adverb)
case the form required is passive, with ‘have to’ enthusiastic → enthusiast (n – person) → enthusiasm
substituting for ‘must’. (n – attitude) → to enthuse (v) → enthusiastically (adv)
uneasy → uneasiness (n – attitude) → uneasily (adv)
Reading and Use of English Part 5
delighted → to delight (v) → delightedly (adv) →
Training delightful → delightfully
Review sceptical → sceptic (n – person) → scepticism
1 True. (n – attitude) → sceptically (adv)
2 False. Some Part 5 texts are about science and technology, frustrated → to frustrate (v) → frustration (n – attitude) →
but they can also be about many other topics. frustrating (adj) → frustratingly (adv)
3 False. The questions come in the same order as the cynical → cynic (n – person) → cynicism (n – attitude) →
information in the text. Also, some questions tell you cynically (adv)
which paragraph or line to refer to. Other questions unsure → surely
contain words which make it very obvious which hesitant → to hesitate (v) → hesitation (n) → hesitantly
section of the text you should be looking at. (adv)
4 True. Some questions test implied meaning. appreciative → to appreciate (v) → appreciation (n) →
5 True. appreciatively (adv)

Understanding attitudes and feelings Understanding references

1 1 something you wouldn’t expect of someone in his
Positive Negative
profession = they see him on his bike all around town
proud doubtful
The structure of the sentence indicates what the
optimistic uneasy
answer is:
convinced cynical
delighted dismissive Fans say they see him on his bike all around town,
confident unsure which ... is something you wouldn’t expect of someone in
enthusiastic hesitant his profession
appreciative resentful 2 D – his habit of cycling everywhere expresses a similar
frustrated idea to they see him on his bike all around town.
sceptical 3 1 A
 I think Gantner has certain limitations as a film-
maker. Although his editing is sharp and energetic,

Keys Test 2   237

 and his application of special effects can’t be 34 B ‘Spence has a way with words and cheerfully leads
faulted, his story-telling skills are considerably less the reader on a journey’ is about communication,
impressive. The actors he casts tend to make up for and the examples that follow are all about his skill in
his shortcomings in this respect, though. describing a variety of experiences and interesting
2 D Three years ago, I joined a singing group. It is often discoveries. A: The explanation about the complaints
said that music is an international language, and over the chocolate bar suggest that Spence pays
despite our age differences – the youngest member attention to detail, but that’s not why he’s likened to a
is 18 and the oldest nearly 80 – and the fact that we magician. C: Magicians usually keep their methods to
include two nurses, a bus driver, two accountants, a themselves but the reviewer doesn’t say Spence does
student and a retired judge, we are living proof of that this. D: The reviewer mentions ‘dining experiences
cliché. We are from Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, Korea, as with top chefs’ and ‘cinema events’, but the places
well as several European countries, with the diversity of Spence goes to aren’t what makes him like a magician.
mother tongues, customs and ways of thinking that you 35 C ‘Spence’s point is that there is no such thing as
would expect, but when we’re singing, we’re as one. a neutral context for eating’ tells us that ‘a neutral
context’ is the opposite of ‘a multi-sensory atmosphere’.
Exam Practice A: ‘a spoiled experience’ when inappropriate cutlery
31 D ‘Spence is not afraid of stirring things up’ suggests is used is not the opposite of ‘a multi-sensory
that he is deliberately provocative. A: The reviewer atmosphere’. B: ‘inevitable manipulations’ are
says that the book includes psychology and physics, environmental effects that chefs create and so are part
but doesn’t say that Spence is good at making science of the ‘multi-sensory atmosphere’. D: ‘the company we
accessible. B: ‘triggering much resentment among keep’ are the people we eat with, who are part of ‘the
cookbook writers’ means that other writers are annoyed multi-sensory atmosphere’.
rather than inspired. C: ‘it has almost nothing to do 36 D The reviewer draws attention to a weakness in the
with the practicalities of cuisine’ means that the book book: ‘factors that Spence pays less attention to ...
isn’t about ordinary cooking, but that isn’t the same as there is remarkably little here on the multiple ways
saying that Spence is dismissive of traditional cooking. that eating can become dysfunctional ... it has less
32 A The reviewer expresses disapproval of dishonest to say about what we as humans bring to the table.’
practices in ‘more worryingly, supermarkets label ­­ A: The reviewer refers to Spence as ‘addressing the
mass-produced food items with the names of ­ growing number of people who eat alone’, but doesn’t
non-existent farms’ in order to ‘exploit’ their say the book is suitable for these people. B: The
customers. B: ‘Googling their guests’ refers to the reviewer says that Spence demonstrates ‘how much
use of technology, but the reviewer doesn’t express the environment of the table affects our eating’, which
concern about it. C and D: The statement that chefs is a point made earlier, but the paragraph as a whole
and food manufacturers ‘have been quick to grab doesn’t illustrate this. C: Most of the final paragraph
a slice of the action’ suggests that businesses have is about what Spence doesn’t deal with in the book.
been influenced by Spence’s ideas and have been This is not addressed previously in the review and,
adapted to use them, but the reviewer doesn’t therefore, the final paragraph doesn’t bring together
express surprise or admiration. the review’s main ideas.
33 C Using findings about colour to reduce the sugar
content and about ‘crunch’ to make insect-eating Reading and Use of English Part 6
more attractive are both offered as ways in which
gastrophysics can make valuable contributions to Training
society. A: ‘Spence advises against giving this much Review
publicity’ does imply withholding some information from 1 True
the public, but it’s not the main point of the paragraph. 2 False. Sometimes they are reviews of books, but often
B: Spence’s belief that ‘in years to come, our cuisine they are simply four different experts giving their views
could be shaped by his own finding’ about crunchiness on a particular topic.
is not the same as saying that future food resources will 3 False. There are four questions, but the answers can
depend on people like Spence. D: Experimenting with be any combination of letters. In fact, it is unlikely that
the crunch of a crisp may seem an unlikely procedure, there will be one A answer, one B answer, one C answer
but this isn’t the main point of the paragraph. and one D answer.

238   Test 2Keys
4 True. Sometimes one of the texts will contain nothing Pairs of sentences expressing opposite views:
that is relevant to a particular question. However, you 3 and 10
should still read all the texts carefully to make sure you
4 and 13
haven’t missed anything.
6 and 16
5 True. It’s a good idea to read them quickly before you
look at the questions, so you have a general idea of Exam Practice
what they’re about.
37 D C concludes that ‘The sensible choice is to continue
Useful language: giving opinions to build on the successes of solar, wind and thermal
1 1 The strength of Smith’s book lies in its organisation. energy until tidal technology has reached a point
where it is viable.’ So for C it shouldn’t be a priority. D
2 Smith convincingly demonstrates how we have
also argues against tidal power and says that ‘more
severely damaged many local ecosystems.
traditional energy sources like oil and gas cost less
3 Some of Smith’s solutions are not very feasible. and make more sense to exploit’. However, B says:
4 The explanation Smith comes up with for the decline ‘Everything we know about global warming ... points
in bird numbers is rather implausible. to the need to expand our ocean power resources
5 The main drawback with Smith’s book lies in the without further delay.’ A doesn’t say whether or not it
way he expresses himself. should be a priority, but the enthusiastic comments
6 Smith’s idea that land should be allowed to go back on the ‘huge prize’ to be gained and the ‘colossal
to being wild is very attractive. importance’ of the environmental benefits suggest
agreement with B.
7 Smith’s last book quite rightly received some very
positive comments. 38 A D says that ‘tidal schemes can harm animal and
plant life’ and gives an example of the ‘disastrous’
8 It’s impossible to tell whether or not Smith’s
effects of a French barrage on some species. B doesn’t
forecasts are valid.
discuss marine ecosystems. C has a similar view to
9 Smith’s prose style in this book is its biggest weakness. D: ‘Noise from construction and from turbines, the
10 Smith makes some practical suggestions for dealing corrosion of building materials and the way that
with the problems. turbines change water flows can all be very disruptive
11 Smith’s evidence for the environmental destruction for flora and fauna.’ However, A has a different
that humans are causing is compelling. view: ‘Any new technology will inevitably affect the
12 The praise that Smith received for his previous book environment to some degree. However, the evidence
was well deserved. suggests that barrages and underwater turbines have
a relatively benign effect.’
13 Smith offers a very credible theory regarding the
falling bird population. 39 C C thinks that appearance is a problem: ‘Towering
concrete barrages ... are clearly unsightly, and even
14 As for Smith’s predictions about the future, the
submerged turbines can impinge on an area. The
jury’s still out.
change in the speed and height of tides as a result of
15 The structure of Smith’s book is a definite plus. these schemes ... can detract markedly from the visual
16 Smith puts forward the rather unappealing notion appeal of these places.’ However, A, B and D have little
that we should let parts of the country return to a concern about appearance. A: ‘These structures are
completely natural state. often not easily visible from land’ and are relatively
2 Pairs of sentences expressing similar views: ‘inoffensive’. B: ‘All the evidence ... indicates that these
installations are minimally intrusive.’ D: ‘whether it
1 and 15
offends aesthetic sensibilities is a trivial matter.’
2 and 11
40 D B says: ‘Everything we know about global
5 and 9
warming – its causes and implications for the
7 and 12 future – points to the need to expand our ocean
8 and 14 power resources without further delay.’ A takes a
similar position: ‘[Tidal power schemes] produce no
greenhouse gas emissions, and given what we know
about the severity of climate change, this is of colossal

Keys Test 2   239

 importance’. C doesn’t favour tidal power, but does 5 attempts
acknowledge its benefit for global warming: ‘it has 6 reassurances
no toxic by-products ... which cause temperatures
around the world to rise.’ However, D takes the very Exam Practice
different view that the building and maintenance of 41 F ‘It takes the form of a pair of short beehives’ at the
tidal power structures contribute to global warming: start of F links back to ‘there, in a corner, is the hotel’s
‘there’s a tendency to forget the considerable energy current use for its upper level’ at the end of the first
consumption involved in manufacturing materials for paragraph. Also, ‘the stocky man next to me’ and ‘a
them, and constructing and repairing them. This, of pair of short beehives’ in F link forward to ‘Gorazd
course, involves greenhouse gas emissions, which, Trusnovec’ and ‘these twin outposts of his empire’ in
in turn, play a role in higher temperatures across the the paragraph after gap 41.
planet.’
42 C ‘I was sceptical about whether you could put hives
at this height’ at the start of C links back to ‘doubts’
Reading and Use of English Part 7 at the end of the paragraph before gap 42. Also, ‘The
bees don’t actually seem to struggle’ at the end of C
Training
links forward to ‘In fact, they’ve been the basis of a
Review sweet deal’ at the start of the paragraph after gap 42.
1 Yes. It’s good to have an idea of what the whole text is
43 G ‘Such feelings are not unusual in Slovenia’ at the
about.
start of G links back to ‘now I couldn’t imagine doing
2 Yes. Again, it’s helpful to have a good idea of the anything else’ at the end of the paragraph before gap
meaning of the options. 43. Also, the very large number of beekeepers and the
3 No. This is probably not a good idea. There may be statement that bees are ‘valued’ in G links forward to
some words you don’t know, but you can probably ‘This national affection’ at the start of the paragraph
complete the task without knowing exactly what they after gap 43.
mean. Also, you should have a good idea of what they 44 A ‘20 kilometres north-east of the capital, in the
mean from the context. village of Lukovica, the focus on bees is more
4 No, not necessarily. There are usually links in both scientific than decorative’ at the start of A links back
directions – i.e. with the text before and after the gap. to the description of bee decorations on buildings
However, sometimes there is only one clear link – for in Ljubljana in the paragraph before gap 44. Also,
example, the paragraph following the gap could be a the information about the Slovenian Beekeepers’
‘fresh start’. Association persuading the UN to launch World Bee
5 No. There are various types of links. These include linking Day in A links forward to ‘Less global in ambition but
words and phrases such as however and in addition. But another great champion of bees’ in the first sentence
there are others: personal pronouns – e.g. the students / after gap 44.
they; words like this, that, it and there; related vocabulary 45 E ‘Its busy residents are unmoved as I do so’ at the
– e.g. football and tennis / sports; related ideas. start of E links back to the writer being encouraged
6 Yes. If you find the answers for other gaps, there will to place his/her fingers inside the beehive at the end
be fewer options to choose from for the gap you of the paragraph before gap 45. Also, ‘The rather
find difficult. pessimistic mood’ at the start of the paragraph after
gap 45 links back to ‘Bees are under threat. If bees are
Using vocabulary to link ideas not here, then there is less pollination, and less food ...
1 The thick frames of fatbikes look rather like those of and then starvation’ in E.
mountain bikes, Fatbike tyres, though, are wider and
46 B ‘Lie down on it’ at the start of B links back to ‘a
have lower air pressure.
padded bed in the added corner’ at the end of the
These features allow them to grip snow and ice better. paragraph before gap 46. Also, ‘gazing at these tireless
2 1 facilities creatures ... has an almost hypnotically calming effect’
2 conditions in B links forward to ‘this concept of the bee as a
3 skills purveyor of relaxation’ at the start of the paragraph
after gap 46.
4 misconceptions

240   Test 2Keys
Reading and Use of English Part 8 2 1 denied
2 questioned
Training 3 highlighted
Review 4 criticised
1 Having an overall idea of what the text is about will help
5 suggested
you when you come to answer individual questions. But
your first reading of the whole text should be quick – 6 expressed regret
don’t get stuck on details. 7 dismissed
2 Highlighting key words in the questions will help you 8 acknowledged
understand and remember exactly what you need to
look for. Exam Practice
3 The questions often focus on ideas, feelings and attitudes, 47 D ‘so many people pour energy into their bodies when
rather than simple facts, so you need to read the texts perhaps they should be trying to pour energy into the
carefully to find the answers. You will probably find it easier people and politics around them. Self-care is great –
and faster to read one section at a time, and look for the but what if there’s no energy left to care about anyone
answers to all the questions you can in that section, than to else? ... the narcissism of the whole enterprise got
look across four sections for the answer to one question. to me.’
4 Highlighting the parts of the texts where you find the 48 A ‘“What?” was all I could splutter in response to this
answers can be useful for different reasons. Sometimes breach in interview etiquette.’
you might think that two different sections answer a 49 B ‘it would be dishonest not to disclose that I once
particular question. When this happens, you need to secretly yearned to be one of them’
compare what the two sections say and decide which one 50 C ‘putting to the back of my mind any qualms I had
is the correct answer. Highlighting the relevant part of the about the ethics of how a 5,000-year-old spiritual
text will make it easier for you to compare them. Also, you discipline has been turned into a profit-making
might want to go back and check your answers, and this machine’
will be easier if you’ve highlighted where you found them.
51 D ‘I kept at it for about two months before the
5 Writing the question numbers next to where you find narcissism of the whole enterprise got to me. There
the answers can be useful for the same reasons that were other things, it turned out, that I had to do.’
highlighting parts of the texts can be useful.
52 A ‘I ... had never managed to get beyond beginners’
6 If you think you might have found the answer to a level. I had come to assume that was all I was capable of’
question, but you’re not sure, it’s best not to spend too
53 C ‘My body felt looser, more pliable ... gradually I was
much time worrying about it. The correct answer to the
able to keep up with the most athletic classes and my
question might be in another section. The best thing
skin and hair seemed to glow.’
is to move on to other questions, and then go back to
it later – you might also see something new that you 54 B ‘Rich targets for satirists, these “devotees” cycle
didn’t see the first time you looked at it. around the neighbourhood, with rolled-up yoga
mats on their backs, in search of organic fruit and
Reporting verbs vegetables. Ludicrous as they are in some ways ...’
1 Neutral Attitude 55 A ‘I thought: “This will never take off.” ... I would walk
describe highlight past that man’s expanding chain of studios and think:
mention suggest “How could someone like that become so successful?”’
explain deny 56 C ‘In many respects, yoga is the perfect pastime for our
state criticise age – the meditative elements give us the opportunity
acknowledge to find peace and stillness in a time of increasingly
express regret hectic and crowded information, the instructional
confirm bits give us moral lessons, while the stretchy, bendy,
dismiss sweaty physical stuff is a great way of countering hours
claim a day spent hunched over a computer.’
question
justify

Keys Test 2   241

Writing Part 1 8 Teachers should find ways to develop students’
learning instead of giving homework every day.
Training
Exam Practice
Review
1 The issue is ways in which people can be encouraged to
1 compulsory – it must be an essay.
have an interest in science.
2 compulsory – the essay must be between 220 and
2 Possible answers: Museums could relate to the topic
260 words.
because science museums provide a great range of
3 compulsory – you must write about two points. exhibits that might interest people. School lessons
4 optional – you can choose any two to write about. could relate to the topic because most people will have
5 optional – you can refer to any or all of them, or none of had some sort of instruction in science at school. The
them. internet could relate to the topic because people can
6 optional, but it’s best to avoid doing this where possible. search for any topic in science that they are interested
in learning about.
7 compulsory – you must give reasons to support your
choice of the most important / effective / useful bullet 3–6 Students’ own answers
point.
Model answer
Organising your writing This model has been prepared as an example of a good
1 1 family and friends, money ­answer. However, please note that this is just one example
out of several possible approaches.
2 family and friends: making choices based on what
the family expects or by copying friends
Having an interest in science is important because it
money: it limits possibilities, such as travelling, explains the world around us. So what can be done to
where to live and career choice encourage people to be more interested in science? I
3 Family and friends because we may not even be think that good science lessons at school and internet
aware of their influence. posts about science are both effective ways of achieving
2 1 paragraph 1: introduction to the topic of influences that aim.
on young people’s choices
Many people are, unfortunately, put off science at school
paragraph 2: influence of family and friends due to a variety of factors. One factor may be the way
paragraph 3: influence of money they were taught, with an emphasis on memorising
paragraph 4: the most powerful influence facts, as opposed to coming to grips with its exciting
­possibilities. Or science may not have been considered
2 paragraph 2: This support can come from family
a ‘cool’ subject to study in their school. With up-to-date
members and close friends.
and effective teaching methods and enthusiastic
paragraph 3: Money is also a key factor. teaching, these barriers can be overcome.
Both sentences are at the beginning of the paragraph.
However, there still may be people who do not engage with
Useful language: linking expressions and referencing science at school. If this is the case, those people may one
2 The important thing is to learn from your mistakes day find an interesting post on the internet that gets them
so that the same thing it isn’t repeated. thinking about science with more enthusiasm. Nowadays,
3 It was thanks to that those experiences / that leading scientists and talented bloggers create content for
experience that I was offered the job. the internet that makes difficult concepts understandable
4 I noticed an improvement in the facilities as soon as and intriguing to the general public. This content may be
I arrived. expensive to produce, however, and needs to compete in a
crowded market – the entertainment market.
5 As a result of the new measures, pollution on the
streets has decreased significantly. I feel that of these two ways, the best way is to engage
6 New laws are the only way of guaranteeing that the young minds with the fascinating topic of science
same thing it won’t be repeated. through interesting school lessons. If people have an
7 The result is / results are not only unexpected, but understanding of science from a young age, they can
also impressive. develop that appreciation for the rest of their lives.

242   Test 2Keys
Notes Useful language: openings and conclusions
yy Appropriate introduction to the topic in the first paragraph 1 and 2
yy Each of the next two paragraphs deals with one of the Reason for writing Concluding comment
ways listed Thank you for your letter of Should you require any
yy The final paragraph explains why one of these ways is 1st May concerning ... F further information, please
more effective do not hesitate to contact
Lovely to hear from you! I
yy Clear organisation and paragraphing me. F
yy Good range of structures and vocabulary As requested, this report/
If you’ve got any questions,
proposal outlines ... F
yy The essay is in an appropriately neutral register drop me a line. N/I
yy Correct length (248 words) This proposal concerns
I would appreciate your
the possibility of ... F
yy No language errors ­immediate attention
­regarding this matter. F
Writing Part 2 Read on for my thoughts on Can’t wait to see you. I
the recent music festival. I
Training Thank you in advance. F/N
I am writing in connection
Review Based on the information
with your proposed
1 T There is a choice of three questions and you have to given above, my
­meeting. F
choose one. ­recommendation is to ... F/N
2 F There are three tasks, one of which might be a review, I’m writing to ask ... N
I would have no hesitation
but it may not be. The other options are proposal, letter, Sorry for the delay in in recommending ... F/N
email or report. ­getting in touch. N/I
I look forward to hearing
3 T 220–260 words.
With reference to your letter from you in due course. F/N
4 F The task instructions specify particular points that of 19th June, ... F
you must include. Thank you for your
­assistance in this matter. F
Identifying content So, if you’re looking for a
1 give an opinion on the current recycling facilities, with new mobile phone, this is
reasons the one! I
suggest ways to improve the recycling facilities
Useful language: functional expressions
request to be kept informed about the council’s decision
1 1 make an offer (Task 2)
2 explain what will happen during their stay
2 make a request (Task 1)
offer to spend time helping the student
3 give an opinion (Task 1 or 3)
recommend how to make the most out of their stay
4 make a suggestion (Task 1)
3 give an opinion about the good points of the attraction
5 recommend (Task 3)
suggest who the attraction would be good for, and why
6 recommend (Task 2)
recommend one improvement
7 make a suggestion (Task 3)
8 make a suggestion (Task 1)

Keys Test 2   243

2 1 Have (suggestion)
It will also be beneficial for us to see the museum as
2 To (opinion) a place of work, as many of us will be completing our
3 were (recommendation) ­studies in the near future. It is important to see that
4 if (offer) ­museums function as workplaces for many people,
5 Without (recommendation) as well as housing irreplaceable collections of art. In
fact, we would hope to see ‘behind the scenes’ of the
6 will / might / may (request)
­museum where the curators work. This would be very
7 way (opinion) motivating for us.
8 had (recommendation)
While at the museum, we would sketch some of the
9 do (request) works and would be delighted to create a display of our
10 did (suggestion) work for other students to see. A few other students and I
would also be happy to make a short presentation of our
Exam practice trip to the student body.
1 Students’ own choice
2 Factors to consider: Notes
yy Do you understand the question fully? yy Use of an appropriate title
yy Can you deal with all the aspects of the question? yy Opening paragraph sets the context
yy Do you have the vocabulary you need to write a good yy All the points in the question are dealt with in the answer
answer? yy Clearly organised into paragraphs
yy Do you understand the conventions of the type of yy Variety of sentence length and vocabulary
text required?
yy Appropriate register – no informal language
The answers to these questions are more important
yy Correct length (251 words)
than whether or not you find the question interesting
or not. yy No language errors
3 Email
Model answers
These models have been prepared as examples of very good Hi Suzy
answers. However, please note that each of these is just one
Thanks for getting in touch! I’m really glad to hear that
example out of several possible approaches.
you’re enjoying college. But there’s a lot to learn, and not
2 Proposal just in your classes. It can be really hard to learn how to
manage your money and make ends meet.
Proposal for an educational trip to the
As for advice, here are a few things that I do to manage
Museum of Modern Art
my money that you may want to try. First, I set a ­weekly
I would like to propose that my Art class should be budget for all the things I need to spend money on.
funded to take a trip to the Museum of Modern Art. The For me, that’s mainly food and drink, transport, and
museum can be reached by train from the local station ­entertainment. Then I also try to save a little money each
in just under two hours, so the trip can take place within week because it’s very useful to have a sum set aside for
one school day. unforeseen expenses.
While books and the internet provide a chance to There are various ways you can save money. You
­become familiar with the collection of the museum, should look for places where you can buy your books
there is nothing that can substitute for seeing works ­second-hand, or consider whether you need to buy them
of art at first hand. Without visiting the museum, it is at all, as you might be able to borrow the ones you need
nearly impossible to appreciate the size and impact of from the university library. Definitely be careful with
the works of art it contains. As Art students, we need your shopping and make use of any discounts that are
to spend time studying art and experiencing it in its ­available for college students.
original form.

244   Test 2Keys
 Notes
I’d really only recommend taking a part-time job if it doesn’t
interfere with your studies in any way. As a new college yy Statement of what is being reported on at the beginning
student, you have enough to get to grips with! However, if a yy All the points in the task are addressed
good job comes up that will give you useful skills as well as yy Clear organisation and paragraphing
a bit of extra spending money, you might give it a try. yy Range of vocabulary, appropriate to the topic of a work-
Good luck and all the best, related training course
Alison yy Variety in structures and sentence length
yy Appropriate use of headings
Notes yy Correct length (237 words)
yy The email opens and closes in an appropriate and yy No language errors
friendly way
yy The writer answers all the questions in the input email Listening Part 1
yy The answer shows a good range of vocabulary related
to managing money Training
yy Correct length (244 words) Review
1 three
yy No language errors
2 two
4 Report 3 three
Public speaking course 4 detail

This report describes the course I attended last week to 5 opinion

develop my public speaking skills. Overall, I feel that the 6 agree
course was successful.
Getting information from questions
Description Question 1
The course was at a local training centre and took place 1 Nathalie
over two working days. There was a small n ­ umber
2 surprise
of ­attendees (8) and the focus of the two days was
on ­developing confidence in public speaking. The 3 She has read something about thriller movies.
course ended with each of us giving a presentation to the Question 2
group. The trainer was very well prepared and the day
1 This question is in the form of an incomplete statement,
was both useful and enjoyable.
whereas question 1 is a complete question.
Evaluation 2 David
Having a small group was a definite advantage to the
3 similarities
course, as each of us got plenty of time to practise
and to receive one-on-one coaching from the trainer. Question 3
Over the two days, we were given a good overview of
1 Two, because the question asks what they agree about.
the b­ asic principles of speaking in front of a group,
­including body language, voice projection, maintaining 2 Examples could be Yeah, Exactly, Absolutely, I do too,
eye contact and using visual aids to good effect. etc.
­Technology was used to good effect. 3 Architects might have to design shops or shopping
One weakness of the course was the venue. The room centres and need to be aware of the design features
was quite small and did not provide enough space. It that work well for customers and staff.
never felt as if we were giving a proper presentation, but Question 4
only a talk among friends.
1 One is a man and the other is a woman.
Recommendation 2 the man
In my opinion, the course was too basic for anyone who
3 Three or more, because the question asks candidates to
is already fairly confident at public speaking, but I would
identify ‘the greatest’.
certainly recommend it for people who have only had
limited training or experience in public speaking.

Keys Test 2   245

Question 5 9 The answer must be plural because of ‘various’, and
1 Gary concrete because it must be something that can be
ground up for paint.
2 The future, because the question is about what he’d like
to do. 10 The answer must be singular because of ‘was’, and
is likely to be concrete because it is something that
3 communicate information or opinions so that the
can be gathered.
general population is better informed
11 The answer could be singular or plural; it must be
Question 6 concrete because it must be a person / people or
1 Sophie animal(s) that can be trained.
2 Stated, because the question uses the word ‘says’. 12 The answer could be singular or plural, and could
3 have a more probable chance (of doing something) be concrete or abstract.
13 The answer must be plural because of ‘Animals’,
Exam Practice and concrete because it must be a type of animal.
1 B A: This is Nathalie’s own observation, not something 14 The answer could be singular and or plural, but is
she’s read and been surprised by. C: This is information perhaps more likely to be singular and it is probably
that Nathalie has heard before – it doesn’t surprise her. an abstract noun – a quality of the people’s beliefs.
2 C A: David says watching horror movies helps people find 4 Students’ own answers
solutions to work problems. B: He talks about feeling
excited about possibilities, but this doesn’t match B. Exam Practice
3 A B: Only the woman mentions out-of-town malls, and 7 officials The tombs of servants were less elaborate
she doesn’t say they are less popular now. C: Only the and therefore, it is implied, of less interest.
woman talks about online shopping deliveries. 8 behaviour / behavior ‘show a keen observation
4 C ‘But to my mind, getting people away from congested of’ reflects ‘show a good understanding of’ in the
roads and pavements has to be the winning argument’ question.
tells us that A and B are not ‘the greatest advantage’. 9 minerals ‘The paint ... has been analysed and found
5 A B: Gary explains that there has already been a public to be made from ground minerals’ is a paraphrase of
awareness campaign about this. C: He says he’d rather the gapped sentence.
not focus on rules. 10 grain ‘Some other paintings depict annual important
6 C A: Sophie’s first study covered students at university events, such as the grain harvest’ is a paraphrase of
level, but she doesn’t say that people are more likely the gapped sentence.
to go to university if they do sport. B: Sophie tracked 11 soldiers Both sportsmen and soldiers are mentioned,
students’ attendance in her first study, but she doesn’t but it’s only soldiers that Kylie links with training
draw this conclusion. and it’s this interpretation of the paintings that she
agrees with.
Listening Part 2 12 invasion Birds in flight are symbols of invasion,
whereas a bird being caught by a hunter represents
Training victory over an enemy.
Review
13 crocodiles Cats are also mentioned, but they appear
1 sentence completion 3 yes
in many paintings because local people worshipped a
2 1–3 4 yes cat goddess.
Prediction 14 complexity ‘These “mixed” creatures express the
1 1 B    2 A    3 A complexity of how the afterlife was conceived and
formed part of religious worship’ is a paraphrase of the
2 They are all nouns. Nouns are very common as Part 2
gapped sentence.
answers.
3  7 The answer must be plural because of ‘were’, and
it must be concrete because ‘who’ refers to people.
8 The answer could be singular or plural, and could
be a concrete or abstract noun.

246   Test 2Keys
Listening Part 3 19 A B: This is something that Trisha wonders about, but
it is not a particular concern. C and D: She mentions ‘a
Training reduction in income from tourism’, but says this is not
Review her main point.
1 two or three 20 A B: Jack talks only about one particular architect
2 four minutes and there is no mention of redesigning buildings.
C: He mentions governments, but doesn’t say that they
3 four
should impose stricter regulations. D: He hopes for
4 The context sentence gives information about the measures to ‘get the message across’, but as a back-up
speakers, the topic and sometimes the situation in for the main solution of producing artificial sand.
which the conversation takes place.

Synonyms and paraphrase Listening Part 4

1 1  h  2  e  3  b  4  g  5  f  6  a  7  c  8  d
Training
2 1  invigorating
Review
2 timelessness 1 five
3 ashamed 2 five, so a total of ten for both tasks
4 erosion 3 eight, so a total of 16 for both tasks
5 harmful 4 two
6 scarce
Ideas and attitudes expressed about the theme by the
7 concern
speakers
8 demand 1 Speaker 1 is probably someone working in company
9 financial investment planning or policy.
10 rethink Speaker 2 is obviously a young person who is new to
11 impose business and is trying to gain experience by working in
a range of companies.
Exam Practice Speaker 3 might be a business person who writes
15 A B: Jack refers to claims for the healthy effect of sea articles for journals or a journalist specialising in
air, but doesn’t say this is the main reason people are business.
attracted to beaches. C: The waves have this effect Speaker 4 is an older person so he might have a senior
on Jack, but he doesn’t say it’s the main attraction, role in the company he works for.
either for him or for people in general. D: This is Jack’s
Speaker 5 might be an academic specialising in
friend’s opinion.
business or a business person who gives lectures while
16 C A: Trisha doesn’t express surprise. B: She says the working in a company.
article was well researched which suggests she had
2 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
all the information she needed. D: She didn’t question
the advice – she was immediately persuaded by it. 3 Students’ own answers
17 D A: They both say that building a seawall can have Exam Practice
negative consequences, not that it’s more effective.
Task One
B: Neither of them sees adding sand as a solution
21 D ‘to find out how many face-to-face meetings we
because, like building a seawall, it has negative
have compared to video conferencing’ reflects D. Some
consequences for the environment. C: When Jack talks
questions in the questionnaire were about customer
about the movement of the sea it’s to explain how
care, but B was not the main focus of the research.
coastal erosion occurs.
22 E ‘For my Master’s degree, I looked into how happy
18 D A: Jack says that people are aware of these issues
people who worked without a boss were’ reflects E.
but choose to ignore them. B: He explains why there is
Although the speaker makes the point that some self-
such a great need for sand, but doesn’t say it is scarce.
employed people weren’t living in luxury, C was not
C: He says people move to the city for jobs, among
the focus of the research.
other things, but not that money is the main concern.

Keys Test 2   247

23 B ‘I’ve been carrying out interviews with shoppers Speaking Part 2
for a paper I’m writing’ reflects B. Although there is
mention of companies saying they want to help save Training
the planet, G is not the focus of the research. Review
24 G ‘At present, I’m involved in a study examining the 1 one
carbon footprint of trade’ reflects G. Although the 2 three; two
speaker mentions consumers, B is not the focus of 3 two
the research.
4 30
25 A ‘[I’ve] been looking into how, as more people live on
5 four; six
their own and families get smaller, the workplace takes on
more importance as a place to make friends’ reflects A. Useful language: referencing and substitution
1 Suggested answer
Task Two
26 H ‘the need for continued education is going to There is no comparison of the two pictures – they are
feature more prominently in the workplace’ reflects H. described separately. There is limited linking of ideas
by linking words / expressions and referencing, so the
27 E ‘The trend is definitely for people to set up their
language is very repetitive and the answer doesn’t flow
own small business and work from home’ reflects E.
smoothly.
28 F ‘Any confidence people ever had in big business is
2 1 the second one
going to evaporate over the next few years’ reflects
F. Although the speaker mentions a company having 2 this
financial difficulties, B is not the prediction that she 3 They
makes. 4 which ones
29 C ‘And the attraction of an urban environment for 5 her
workers I’m sure will be powerful for many years to 6 they
come’ reflects C. The speaker mentions how long he 7 like these
has been in business but D is not predicted.
8 this one
30 D ‘I’d say we’ll all be in work well into our 70s, rather 9 it
than 50s or 60s as is the current norm’ reflects D.
3 Students’ own answers
Although the speaker mentions people who work at
home, E is not a prediction she makes about them.
Speaking Parts 3 and 4
Speaking Part 1 Training
Training Review
1 Part 3 and Part 4 are linked by topic. In Part 3, topic is
Review
specified by a question with options to discuss. Part 4
1 F You are asked questions individually.
develops the Part 3 topic further.
2 F The assessor may say ‘hello’, but otherwise he or she
2 Part 3: You speak to your partner.
will just listen to you.
Part 4: You speak to the interlocutor and your partner.
3 T (The aim is to help you relax and settle into the test
environment.) 3 Interaction, exchanging information and opinions,
justifying opinions, agreeing and disagreeing,
4 T
negotiating towards a decision
Developing your answers 4 Part 3: Initial discussion is 2 minutes (3 minutes for
1 The answers are appropriate, but they lack development a group of three candidates). Discussion to make a
and use the same vocabulary as the question. decision is 1 minute (2 minutes for a group of three).
2 Example answer Total time for Part 3 is around 4 minutes (6 minutes for
Going to the cinema is one of my favourite things to do a group of three).
and I’m particularly keen on adventure movies. Part 4: Total time is around 5 minutes (8 minutes for a
3 Students’ own answers group of three candidates).

248   Test 2Keys
Useful language: responding to and linking with 13 being / becoming
contributions 14 one
1 Each candidate initiates their own contribution
15 how
clearly, but there is no real interaction. They each
deal with one of the prompts in turn and there is no 16 There
acknowledgement or development of the points made
by the other candidate. Reading and Use of English Part 3
2  1   point 17 methodological
2 what 18 predates
3 hadn’t 19 discovery
4 more 20 primarily
5 Not 21 presence
6 case 22 exceptionally
7 so 23 consumption
8 Absolutely / Exactly / Yes; about 24 emergence
9 Perhaps / Maybe / Yes
10 be
Reading and Use of English Part 4
The vertical line | shows where the answer is split into two
3 Students’ own answers
parts for marking purposes.
Useful language: agreement and disagreement 25 longer | CAPABLE of playing.
1  1   partially – weak 26 make any / a DIFFERENCE | where
2 up to – weak 27 would / ’d GIVE | her dance class a
3 totally – strong 28 comes ACROSS as | lacking
4 entirely – strong 29 RESULTED in | the train being / getting
5 doubt – strong 30 of | having BEEN told / advised / warned / instructed
6 issue – strong
7 goes; saying – strong Reading and Use of English Part 5
8 coming – strong 31 C  32  B  33  D  34  A  35  A  36  C

9 along – weak
Reading and Use of English Part 6
10 take – weak
37 A  38  C  39  B  40  B
11 kind – weak
2 Students’ own answers Reading and Use of English Part 7
41 F  42  G  43  A  44  C  45  B  46  E

Test 3 Reading and Use of English Part 8

47 D  48  C  49  A  50  D  51  B  52  D  53  C
54  B  55  A  56  B
Reading and Use of English Part 1
1 B  2  D  3  A  4  C  5  A  6  D  7  B  8 C Writing Part 1
Reading and Use of English Part 2 1 Essay
9 From Model answer
10 which This model has been prepared as an example of a very good
answer. However, please note that this is just one example
11 no
out of several possible approaches.
12 rather

Keys Test 3   249

 Learning about another culture is very important in online sales better with their in-store offer, but that is for
­today’s society and there are possibly more ways to do this them to consider. However, there are several things the
than ever before. I would like to discuss visiting a place in town council can do to help the shops in the town.
person to learn about a culture and taking a course. First, parking in the town centre is expensive. While
First, while seeing a culture and experiencing it first-hand public transport is a good option, people who are
can be invaluable, this depends on the type of visit. For ­planning to shop will often want to drive if they have
instance, a quick weekend in the capital city of a country a lot of purchases to make. For this reason, I would
might give a hint of what life is like and the forces ­recommend reducing the cost of parking in the town
that shaped that city, but it would not provide a deep centre shopping area.
­understanding of the reality of living there, nor would it
In addition, the current regulations require town centre
explain the history of the culture. However, if someone
shops to close at 6 p.m., whereas the new shopping
has an opportunity to spend longer in a place, perhaps
centre is open until 10. Town centre shops should be
studying or doing some voluntary work, this will
allowed to stay open later.
­definitely provide a chance to develop a better
­understanding of its culture. These measures should help the town centre shops to
Some people prefer to learn about a culture by signing up become more competitive and bring back customers.
for a course. A good course, and a good teacher, can give
an overview of the history of a culture. However, the risk 3 Review
of any course is that the teacher may present material in Style
a dull fashion, or that it may be biased or only informed The style can be formal or quite informal as long as it is
by the teacher’s point of view. Also, it may not focus on consistent throughout the review.
the aspects of the culture that most interest you.
Content
Overall, I would say that the most effective way to learn
Your review should give some information about person
about a culture is to visit it yourself, as long as the visit
who was the subject of the film, expressing clearly what the
is substantial enough and there is some effort made to
film highlighted and the extent to which you think it was
interact with local people.
accurate. Readers will also probably want to know whether
you think they should see the film.
Writing Part 2 Organisation
Write in clearly defined paragraphs.
2 Proposal
Model answer 4 Report
Style
Proposal for increasing shopping in the town centre Neutral to formal – appropriate for writing a report for the
This is in response to the town council’s request for college principal
­proposals to deal with the decrease in shopping in the Content
town centre. Your report should explain what activities you organised
Reasons for the decrease for the student’s visit, say how successful you think the
There is a general trend towards internet shopping and ­activities were and recommend ideas for future visits.
away from making purchases in physical shops. Further, The college principal should feel fully informed.
a new out-of-town shopping centre has opened up, Organisation
which is popular with people from the town. Write in clearly defined paragraphs. Include a title and
Impact on the town centre sub-headings.
As a result, the town centre is a less welcoming place
for people, as there are a lot of empty shops and, Listening Part 1
­consequently, fewer reasons for people to visit. 1 C  2  B  3  B  4  B 5  B  6  C
Suggestions for increasing town centre shopping
There is little that the town council can do about internet
shopping. Individual shops may be able to combine their

250   Test 3Keys
Listening Part 2 Reading and Use of English Part 4
7 bees The vertical line | shows where the answer is split into two
8 perfume parts for marking purposes.
9 food chain 25 WISH I had / I’d | talked
10 pest control 26 no MATTER what / which | promises
11 climate change 27 no CHANCE | of it (whatsoever / at all)
12 higher altitudes 28 was ONLY when | Sam turned
13 tourists 29 HAD his wallet | stolen
14 antibiotic 30 couldn’t / could not TELL the difference | between

Listening Part 3 Reading and Use of English Part 5

15 B  16  D  17  A  18  B  19  C  20  B 31 D  32  B  33  D  34  C  35  A  36  D

Listening Part 4 Reading and Use of English Part 6

Task One 37 A  38  C  39  D  40  A
21 D  22 B  23 G  24 C  25 F
Reading and Use of English Part 7
Task Two
41 C  42  F  43  A  44  G  45  E  46  D
26 G  27 A  28 D  29 E  30 F
Reading and Use of English Part 8
Test 4 47 D  48  C  49  B  50  D 51 C  52  A 53 B
54  C  55  A  56  B

Reading and Use of English Part 1 Writing Part 1

1 D  2  C  3  B  4  A  5  B  6  D  7  C  8  A
1 Essay
Reading and Use of English Part 2 Model answer
This model has been prepared as an example of a very good
9 up
answer. However, please note that this is just one example
10 no / little out of several possible approaches.
11 how
12 whether Choosing a college course is one of the biggest decisions
that a young person might make, and many factors
13 which
will influence that choice. While it is wise to consider a
14 against / from ­variety of factors, cost and the reputation of the course
15 Whatever / Whichever are two matters which deserve particular consideration.
16 if / though There is no doubt that the cost of college courses is on
the rise in my country. Many students go into debt in
Reading and Use of English Part 3 order to study at college level. Even though grants are
17 unknown available, the competition for them is very tough and
18 compositions not every deserving student receives one. However, a
19 diversity / diverseness college degree is indispensable for jobs in many fields
and people generally regard the cost as a necessary
20 liken
expense, or an investment. Also, students often get
21 genetically ­part-time jobs while they study and this is a way of
22 handful ­getting some valuable work experience.
23 comparable The reputation of the course is also worth considering.
24 continuously / continually This is because courses build a reputation for quality

Keys Test 4   251

 over many years and this gives you some assurance that Thank you for considering my application for the
you have chosen a well-run course. Of course, some placement.
new courses may actually be very good and you might
Sincerely,
be pleasantly surprised by the quality. However, future
employers will be more impressed with you if you have a Joanna Simpson
degree from a top college. This will, in the end, bring you
many benefits. 3 Review
Therefore, I think that overall it is more important to Style
prioritise getting the best degree you can from a course The style can be formal or quite informal as long as it is
with the best reputation possible. consistent throughout the review.
Content
Writing Part 2 Your review should consider one online shopping
­experience and one in-person shopping experience.
2 Email They should be compared for the choice they offered, how
Model answer convenient they were and the service you received. Your
This model has been prepared as an example of a very good ­review should make it clear which experience you preferred.
answer. However, please note that this is just one example
out of several possible approaches. Organisation
Write in clearly defined paragraphs.
Dear Ms Taylor,
4 Report
I’m writing to you because I’m interested in the Style
­opportunity to do a placement in another city. Neutral to formal
My current role involves developing software to improve Content
internet security for a variety of customers. While I am Your report should describe how the funding you received
based in London, I have been working closely with a supported the activities of the club you help to run. It
team that is based in Rome, Italy. There is only one hour should explain how the club’s activities made a positive
of time difference between us, so it is easy enough to contribution to the life of the college and make a case for
conduct meetings using internet conferencing. the funding to continue in the year to come.
However, I would very much appreciate the opportunity Organisation
to spend some time in Rome with the team. I think this Write in clearly defined paragraphs. Include a title and
would strengthen our working relationship much more sub-headings.
than working at a distance can.
For me, this would provide the opportunity to ­experience Listening Part 1
how another branch of our organisation works and to 1 C  2 B  3 C  4 A  5 B  6 C
gain an appreciation for working in a different place.
My Italian is quite basic, which might be a problem Listening Part 2
­socially, but most of our work is conducted in English. 7 physics
I am studying Italian online and would be more 8 technician
than ­willing to take an evening course before the 9 internship
­placement begins.
10 memorisation / memorization
I also believe that we would be able to make much 11 flexibility
quicker and better progress on the project we are
12 marketing
currently working on, which would benefit the
­organisation. This team and I have also discussed ways 13 records
we could develop the work we’re doing for different 14 population
­markets. If we were working more closely, I believe we
could progress with that work more effectively. Listening Part 3
15 B  16  C  17  B  18  A  19  D  20  D

252   Test 4Keys
Listening Part 4 Reading and Use of English Part 5
Task One 31 C  32  B  33  B  34  C 35 B  36  A
21 F  22  G  23  A  24  D  25  H
Reading and Use of English Part 6
Task Two
26 G  27 A  28 F  29 D  30 B 37 C  38  D  39  D 40  A

Reading and Use of English Part 7

Test 5 41 G  42  D  43  A  44  F  45  C 46 E

Reading and Use of English Part 8

Reading and Use of English Part 1 47 B  48  D  49  A  50  C  51  D  52  B  53  C
1 C  2  B  3  D  4  A  5  B  6  A  7  C 8 D 54  D  55  A  56  B

Reading and Use of English Part 2 Writing Part 1

9 Although / Though / While / Whilst 1 Essay
10 makes Model answer
11 As a rule This model answer has been prepared as an example of a
very good answer. However, please note that this is just one
12 ago
example out of several possible approaches.
13 other
14 whatever There are many qualities that contribute to people
15 only ­having a successful life. The ones that I would like to
discuss are ambition and honesty.
16 even
For many people, ambition is the key to their success.
Reading and Use of English Part 3 ­Having clear goals and plans to achieve them gives
17 findings ­motivation and direction to people. This can help when
choosing a career path. For example, if your ambition is
18 participants
to be very wealthy, then you might decide to study a
19 preference(s) ­subject that leads to a well-paid profession. However,
20 unimpressed that is not a
­ lways the case. Many famous billionaires gave
21 talkative up on their education in order to start a b
­ usiness. The key
here is to be determined to follow your ­ambition.
22 predictably
23 regardless Of course, everyone can decide for themselves what
the definition of a successful life is. For some, it will be
24 correlation(s)
having a lot of money or material possessions, but for
me, success in life should be judged by the quality of the
Reading and Use of English Part 4 relationships that people develop over their lives. And
The vertical line | shows where the answer is split into two in order to develop strong relationships, people need to
parts for marking purposes. have honesty and strong principles. I personally do not
25 no idea | WHOSE fault consider people who build their wealth on dishonesty or
26 have been ABLE to | sort / work immoral practices to be ‘successful’.
27 did not / didn’t take (very) LONG | for An ambitious person without honesty may be tempted
28 impressed by | HOW committed to push themselves forward at the expense of others,
29 has GIVEN up | dreaming / his dream of which is not fair. Therefore, it is my opinion that honesty
is more important than ambition to consider oneself
30 can’t / cannot be BOTHERED | to
successful in life.

Keys Test 5   253

Writing Part 2 make suggestions based on what you say the impact is; for
instance, you could suggest working from home one day a
2 Proposal week to save commuting time for some colleagues.
Model answer
This model has been prepared as an example of a very good Organisation
answer. However, please note that this is just one example Write in clearly defined paragraphs. Include a title and
out of several possible approaches. sub-headings.

4 Review
Work experience proposal
Style
This proposal is for an element of work experience to be
The style can be formal or quite informal as long as it is
included in the college’s Business Studies course.
consistent throughout the review.
The course
I am currently enrolled in the two-year Business Studies Content
course. The work we do in the college provides an Your review should focus on a place of natural beauty that
­excellent background for understanding how b ­ usinesses you know well enough to write convincingly about. Your
function. Our instructors all have a background in review should capture the attention of the reader with
business, which they use to inform their lectures with ­expressive language. You must evaluate the significance of
examples from their real-life experiences. the place, which could be personal, local or national
­significance depending on the place you choose to
Benefits of a work experience element ­describe. You must suggest how accessibility to the place
Many of us on the course feel that our learning would be could be improved without damaging its beauty.
improved if we could spend a period of time doing work
experience in a business environment. A number of us Organisation
have done part-time jobs, but these are generally Write in clearly defined paragraphs.
jobs that are low-skilled and, while it is good to have the
­experience, it doesn’t develop our skills in the same way Listening Part 1
that a work placement would. Such a placement would 1 B  2  C  3  B  4  A  5  A  6  C
allow us to put our knowledge into practice and build
­confidence, which, in turn, would further motivate us in Listening Part 2
our studies. It could also help us to make useful contacts 7 historical
and would provide us with a welcome addition to our CVs.
8 presentation
Recommendation 9 mental image
I would suggest that the college contacts local
10 textures
­businesses to set up work experience placements that
support the studies we do. I think that a short placement 11 board game
could take place during term breaks, or else longer ones 12 balance
could take place over the longer summer break. Some 13 elegant
students may even be willing to extend the course by a 14 packaging
term because work experience is so valuable for us.
Listening Part 3
3 Report 15 B  16  A  17  D 18 A 19 B 20 C
Style
Neutral to formal – appropriate for writing to a manager in a Listening Part 4
work environment Task One
Content 21 C  22 H  23 E  24 F  25 B
Your report should say how your colleagues get to work,
Task Two
but this should be brief and serve as background for the
26 G  27 F  28 B  29 D  30 H
main issue, which is the impact of commuting. You should

254   Test 5Keys
 Reading and Use of English Part 8
Test 6 47 D  48 C  49  A 50 D 51 B 52 A 53 C 
54  D 55 A 56 B
Reading and Use of English Part 1
1 B  2  A  3  D 4 C  5  A  6  C  7  D  8  B
Writing Part 1
1 Essay
Reading and Use of English Part 2 Model answer
This model answer has been prepared as an example of a
9 which
very good answer. However, please note that this is just one
10 rather example out of many possible approaches.
11 making
Many people these days are not as active as they should
12 for
be and this is having a big effect on their health. T
­ aking
13 without part in sport is one way to counteract the inactive
14 in ­lifestyles that many of us lead. Which factors might
15 did ­influence people’s decision to take part in sport? I would
16 how like to discuss education and facilities.
One way is certainly through education. Young people can
Reading and Use of English Part 3 be taught about the health risks of inactivity and all the
17 Admittedly benefits that taking part in sport can bring to people. They
can also be taught and given the opportunity to practise the
18 dramatically
skills needed to participate in a variety of different sports.
19 inactivity
However, many young people are actually turned off
20 worsening
sport at school if they are not particularly good at it. For
21 wellbeing / well-being this reason, I would argue that the best way to motivate
22 overdo people is through having really good facilities. This
23 tiredness means that they should be up to date, accessible to
24 addiction everyone and affordable. People who are good at sport
don’t generally require extra encouragement to increase
Reading and Use of English Part 4 their participation, but access to high-quality facilities
would make taking part in sport more appealing for
The vertical line | shows where the answer is split into two
those people who do need motivation. For example, no
parts for marking purposes.
one really wants to swim in a small, dark pool, but one
25 were PREVENTED | from leaving
that is pleasant and spacious would definitely be more
26 doesn’t / does not STRIKE me | as (being) tempting to the reluctant swimmer.
27 making an EFFORT | to cut down
Therefore, I believe that good facilities would motivate
28 in mind | the changes being people to take part in sport more effectively.
29 to RAISE | teenagers’ awareness / awareness among
teenagers
30 who / that OBJECTED | to having to work / to working
Writing Part 2
2 Report
Reading and Use of English Part 5 Style
Neutral to formal
31 B  32  C  33  B  34  A  35  D  36  B
Content
Reading and Use of English Part 6 Your report should describe the main ways in which the
37 D  38  C  39  A  40  A college’s official social media accounts are used. It should
then make recommendations about a few ways in which
Reading and Use of English Part 7 the accounts could be used more effectively and how these
improvements would benefit both the college and the
41 E  42  B  43  G 44 A 45 
F  46  D
students.

Keys Test 6   255

Organisation Listening Part 1
Write in clearly defined paragraphs. Include a title and
1 C  2  A  3  B  4  C 5  C  6  A
sub-headings.

3 Email Listening Part 2

Style 7 management skills
Neutral to formal – appropriate for writing to the editor of a 8 landscape
website. 9 textiles
Content 10 health checks
Your email should describe what the criticisms of young 11 tourism
people in the original article were. It should then go on
12 laugh
to address those criticisms and express your view of them
clearly. You should end by persuading the editor that 13 posture
­publishing your email would be a good idea. 14 stream
Organisation
Write in clearly defined paragraphs. Use appropriate
Listening Part 3
opening and closing phrases for an email to a professional 15 D  16  A  17  B 18 B 19 D 20 C
person.
Listening Part 4
4 Review
Task One
Model answer 21 C  22 G  23  D 24  F  25  B
This model has been prepared as an example of a very good
answer. However, please note that this is just one example Task Two
out of several possible approaches. 26 H  27  F  28  A 29  E  30  D

Do you love listening to music as much as I do? If you do,

then you won’t be surprised to find out that I have tried
quite a few paid music streaming services. There are
many competing services available at the moment, and
many offer short-term free trials, so you can sample what
they have to offer. At the moment, I am using Firefly and
am really enjoying its features and functions.
First, the strengths. The main thing is the vast music
library that is available. This even includes a few a­ rtists
who share their music only on Firefly. Also, in my
­opinion, the interface is easier than most others to use
and attractive as well. Like many other services, Firefly
allows subscribers to download tracks to listen to offline,
which I think is great for times when Wifi is not available.
The main weakness I have found is the way that F­ irefly
‘suggests’ music for me to try based on what I have
already listened to. I find that this leads me to be always
listening to the same sort of artists, when what I really
want to do is explore that vast library they have.
Firefly is available at two different subscription rates.
I think the lower rate provides surprisingly good value
for money, but you have to be prepared to listen to ads
between tracks of music every now and then. While the
higher rate is ad-free, it is quite a bit more expensive.

256   Test 6Keys