Advanced Material（高级教材）

Free Talking Material 
(For Advanced Students) 

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 Advanced Material（高级教材）

Table of Contents
Lesson 1 Life and Destiny Lesson 21 National Sport in England
Lesson 2 Think Positive Lesson 22 Transportation in Indonesia
Lesson 3 Keeping a Journal Lesson 23 Best Job in Australia
Lesson 4 Manners Lesson 24 Is Marriage Good for the Health?
Lesson 5 Car Safety Lesson 25 World’s Most Expensive Foods
Lesson 6 Diamonds Lesson 26 Mountain Living
Lesson 7 Celebrity Lesson 27 Working Life
Lesson 8 Broadband Lesson 28 Mahatma Gandhi
Lesson 9 Most Expensive Cell Phone Lesson 29 Royal Family in England
Lesson 10 Football Lesson 30 Natural Disaster in Vietnam
Lesson 11 Perfect Life Partner Lesson 31 Marriage in South Africa
Lesson 12 New Inventions for 2010 Lesson 32 Romantic Love
Lesson 13 Dog as a Pet Lesson 33 AIDS
Lesson 14 Big Sandwich Lesson 34 Abortion
Lesson 15 Women Gamblers Lesson 35 Family First
Lesson 16 House and Home Lesson 36 Employment Discrimination
Lesson 17 Lottery Lesson 37 Endangered Species
Lesson 18 Dream Job Lesson 38 French as a Second Language
Lesson 19 Who Should Break the Ice First? Lesson 39 Overcoming Procrastination
Lesson 20 India’s Undersea City Lesson 40 Life Expectancy in Asia

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LESSON 1
Life and Destiny

READING COMPREHENSION:

We are all created for a purpose and none of us came here of our own will.
Some of us may have found the reason for existence but some are still searching for
that living purpose. Some of us are content with our present status and think that we
must be thankful for what we have got. On the other hand, others are never satisfied
with their condition, they whine and look at life as a mountain of burden, a boundless
sea of endless troubles.

The secret for living life with much bliss is having contentment and not
complaining about fate. We can all try to make our own fortune, or we can just allow
it to happen whatever develops.
Life is uncertain; many situations occur inevitably and are out of our control.
We have no power to control what happen to us, the only thing we can control is our
reaction to what is happening to us.
 
QUESTIONS: 
1. What do others think of their condition?
2. What does the writer think is the secret for living life with much bliss?
3. What is the writer’s view about life?

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LETS’ TALK!
1. In your own words, define LIFE.
2. What is your purpose of living?
3. Are you grateful for being born?
4. Are you satisfied with your status or condition now? If so, why? If not, why
not?
5. What do you think of people who complain much about their life?
6. What are the things you want to achieve?
7. What should you do to accomplish your endeavors?
8. Do you think that life is meaningful when a person is successful?
9. What is the most valuable thing in life?

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LESSON 2
Think Positive!

READING COMPREHENSION:

Previous study has suggested being optimistic boosts overall physical health
and lowers the risk of death from all causes. A positive attitude also has been shown
to help patients who suffer from heart disease caused by narrow arteries.
People who are not optimistic often complain and complaining can cause
stress. When under stress, a person reckons a hormone that can debilitate the immune
system and allow colds, influenza and even depression to take hold.
In order to live a better life, we have to be optimistic and remove stress from
our lives by reorganizing the way we live, changing our lifestyle and using things like
yoga and relaxation to the best of our ability.

QUESTIONS: 
1. What does optimism boost in a person?
2. How do pessimistic people spend most of their time?
3. What happens to a person when they are under stress?
4. What are the ways to live a better life?

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LETS’ TALK!
1. Are you a positive thinker?
2. What other benefits do you think optimism can give to a person?
3. When was the lowest point of your life? What happened then?
4. What do you think is the best way to overcome problems?
5. Do you have a religion? How can religion affect someone’s optimism?
6. What are the ways to become optimistic?
7. How can you convince a pessimistic person to become a positive thinker?
8. Do you always whine? What are the things you usually complain about?
9. How can you have a better lifestyle?
10. What can we do to have a very relaxing life?

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LESSON 3
Keeping a Journal

READING COMPREHENSION:

A good journal is like a roadmap, a golden thread through the labyrinth of

one’s own personal past. A journal that is kept and tended well will be fruitful,
whereas one that is neglected and kept up out of a false sense of obligation, without
any real thought put into it, will not yield any fruit to its writer.

Keeping a journal can improve your happiness, according to academic

research, although what you write is important. Negative events in your life are best
written about in analytical fashion. For instance, an attempt to identify why events
unfolded as they did because writing analytically will increase awareness about
factors outside of you that caused the negative event, and thus make you feel less
negative about yourself. Positive events, however, are preferably not analyzed
because analyzing would give you the awareness that a lot of factors outside you
contributed to the success, instead just write about the feelings you experienced and
attempt to relive the positive events.

 
QUESTIONS: 

1. What is a journal like according to the writer?

2. Why positive events must not be analyzed?
3. Why one should write negative events analytically?

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LETS’ TALK!

1. Do you write a journal? If so, why? If not, why not?

2. When was the first time you started writing a journal?
3. Do you agree that keeping a journal can improve your happiness? How?
4. Do you think it’s possible for a person to honestly write all positive and
negative events in his or her journal?
5. Have you ever read another person’s journal? How did you feel that time?
6. What would you do if someone read your journal without your permission?
7. Why do you think most people are interested in knowing other people’s
secrets?
8. What do you think are the advantages of keeping a journal?
9. What do you think about some people having their journals published? Do you
think this is a good idea?
10. If you had a chance, would you have your journal published as well?

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LESSON 4
Manners

READING COMPREHENSION:

Whether you are a president at a conference or a normal guy in the street, your
reputation is what your respect determines it all and the one behind your reputation is
"Manners". Manners are almost everything you can represent at a meeting or
anywhere in the world other than your contributions. Excellent behavior leads to
excellent results. . Behavior also determines the quality and dignity a person has.
Behavior is developed easily in students though it takes time.

So how does all this behavior fit into your education? Well, first of all, you
may find it much easier to deal with pressure, and you won't take it out on the people
you love, but you can also use it to win the favor of your teacher. Giving out a
pleasant, positive atmosphere is sure to make you stand out in your classes, and your
teachers may be more willing to help you succeed.

So always try your best to be on your best behavior, no matter wherever you
are because it determines your respect in the world.

QUESTIONS: 

1. According to the topic, what leads to excellent results?

2. What determines the quality and dignity a person has?
3. How can a pleasant and positive atmosphere help someone in his classes?

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LETS’ TALK!

1. Why do you think having good manners is important? Explain your answer.
2. Do you think you have good manners? Why do you think so?
3. Have you met someone who has bad manners? How did you deal with him or
her?
4. What do you think are the ways to have good manners?
5. What do you do when your relative or friend acts badly?
6. Has someone told you of your bad actions? How did you feel then?
7. Do you know someone who has good manners?
8. What do you think are the good things that good manners can give a person?
9. What good manners did you acquire from your parents?

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LESSON 5
Car Safety

READING COMPREHENSION:

Car safety is the avoidance of car accidents or the minimization of harmful

effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Special safety
features have been built into cars for years, some for the safety of car's occupants only,
and some for the safety of others.

Road traffic injuries represent about 25% of worldwide injury-related deaths

(the leading cause) with an estimated 1.26 million deaths in 2000 (Peden 2002).

Major factors in accidents include driving under the influence of alcohol or

other drugs; inattentive driving; driving while fatigued or unconscious; encounters
with road hazards such as snow, potholes, and crossing animals; or reckless driving.

QUESTIONS: 

1. Define car safety.

2. How many were the estimated deaths caused by traffic accidents in year 2000?
3. What were the common causes of car accidents?

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LETS’ TALK!

1. How old were you when you first learned how to drive? Was there anything
difficult about learning how to drive?
2. How long did it take you to learn how to drive?
3. What are the advantages of owning a car? What are the disadvantages of
owning a car?
4. Have you ever been in a car accident? What happened?
5. Have you ever been pulled over by the police? What was the reason?
6. Are the drivers in the country where you live good drivers? Why do you think
so?
7. Do you know anything about repairing or maintaining a car?
8. Do you prefer driving or riding a public transportation?
9. Is drunk driving a problem in your country?
10. What kind of laws does your country have about drunk driving?
11. Have you ever been (or) do you know anyone who has been in an accident
related to drunk driving?
12. Have you ever broken down and been stranded on the side of the road? Who
helped you?
13. What is your dream car? Why?
14. What factors do you have to consider in buying a car? Why do you think so?
15. Should beginners have a used car or a brand new one? Explain your answer.

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LESSON 6
Diamonds

READING COMPREHENSION:

Diamond is one of the two best known forms of carbon, whose hardness and
high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelry.
Diamonds are specifically renowned as a mineral with superlative physical qualities
— they make excellent abrasives because they can be scratched only by other
diamonds, ultra hard fullerite, or aggregated diamond nanorods, which also means
they hold a polish extremely well and retain luster. About 130 million carats (26,000
kg) are mined annually; with a total value of nearly USD $9 billion.

The name “diamond” derives from the ancient Greek adamas (“invincible”).
They have been treasured as gemstones since their use as religious icons in India at
least 2,500 years ago—and usage in drill bits and engraving tools also dates to early
human history. Popularity of diamonds has risen since the 19th century because of
increased supply, improved cutting and polishing techniques, and growth in the world
economy. They are commonly judged by the “four Cs”: carat, clarity, color, and cut.
Although synthetic diamonds are produced each year at nearly four times the amount
of natural diamonds, the vast majority of synthetic diamonds produced are small
imperfect diamonds suitable only for industrial-grade use.

Roughly 49% of diamonds originate from central and southern Africa,

although significant sources of the mineral have been discovered in Canada, India,
Russia, Brazil, and Australia. They are generally mined from volcanic pipes, which
are deep in the Earth where the high pressure and temperature enables the formation
of the crystals.

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QUESTIONS: 

1. What is the name of aggregated diamond?

2. Where is the name “diamond” derived from?
3. How is diamond judged?

 
LETS’ TALK!

1. Why do you think most women want to own a diamond?

2. What is your opinion of the saying, “Diamond is a woman’s best friend.”?
3. Is owning a diamond considered luxury? Why do you think so?
4. Describe a luxurious lifestyle.
5. Do you want to have a luxurious lifestyle? If so, why? If not, why not?
6. What are the ways to have a luxurious life?
7. What do you think are the advantages of having a life full of luxury? How
about the disadvantages?
8. Are you satisfied with the things that you have or do you always want
something better?
9. Have you ever bought something luxurious? How did you feel then?
10. What do you think are the differences of “wants” and “needs”?

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LESSON 7
Celebrity

READING COMPREHENSION:

A celebrity is a person who is widely recognized (famous) in a society and

commands a high degree of public and media attention. The word stems from the
Latin celebritas, itself from the adjective celeber meaning 'famous, celebrated'.

While fame is generally considered to be the major prerequisite for celebrity

status, it is not always sufficient. There has to be a level of public interest in the
person which may or may not be connected to the reason they are famous. For
example, a public figure such as a politician, industry leader etc. may be famous but
not a celebrity unless something else triggers public and mass media interest. Other
types of fame, particularly those connected with mass entertainment are almost
guaranteed to lead to celebrity even if the person deliberately avoids media attention.
Examples of these are performers such as actors and musicians and athletes.

Some professional activities, by the nature of being high-paid, highly exposed,

and difficult to get into, automatically confer celebrity. For example, movie stars and
television actors are almost invariably celebrities. High-ranking politicians, television
reporters, television show hosts, supermodels, astronauts, major-league athletes and
musicians are also celebrities. While rare, handful of people such as the late Mother
Teresa has even achieved some degree of fame because of their humanitarian work.

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QUESTIONS:

1. What is a celebrity?
2. Where did the word “celebrity” originate?
3. What is the major prerequisite for a celebrity status?
4. Who are those people which are considered celebrities?
5. What factors can make someone a celebrity?

 
LETS’ TALK!

1. Have you ever seen a celebrity in person? What did you do?
2. Who among the celebrities would you like to meet? What would you do if you
have the chance to spend a day with this person?
3. Would you like to be a celebrity if you were given a chance? Explain your
answer.
4. Do you think famous people have the right to have a private life?
5. Do you think it's moral to sell your private life to the media?
6. Do you approve of people who become famous as a consequence of appearing
over and over again in the media and not because of having an artistic career?
7. Do you think being a celebrity automatically means the person is intelligent?
8. Do you think that there are times when the common man has an edge over a
celebrity?
9. Do you think people who are famous because of their humanitarian work
should be considered celebrities?
10. Why do you think there is such a high demand for gossip magazines and
gossip TV programs?
11. What do you think of the paparazzi? Why do you think so?
12. What are the pros and cons of being a celebrity?
13. What do you think of fans and fan clubs? Why do you think so?
14. Are you a member of a fan club? What benefits do you get from it?
15. Would you like to be a president of a fan club? If so, why? If not, why not?

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LESSON 8
Broadband

READING COMPREHENSION:

Broadband in general electronics and telecommunications is a term which

refers to a signal or circuit which includes or handles a relatively wide range of
frequencies. Broadband is always a relative term, understood according to its context.
The wider the bandwidth, the more information can be carried.

In radio, for example, a very narrowband signal will carry Morse

code; a broader band will carry speech; a yet broader band is required to carry music
without losing the high audio frequencies required for realistic sound reproduction. A
television antenna described as "normal" may be capable of receiving a certain range
of channels; one described as "broadband" will receive more channels.

In data communications a modem will transmit a bandwidth of 64

kilobits per seconds (Kbit/s) over a telephone line; over the same telephone line a
bandwidth of several megabits per second can be handled by ADSL or Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Line, which is described as broadband.

QUESTIONS: 

1. What is Broadband?
2. Is the use of broadband for television advantageous?
3. What is the meaning of ADSL?

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LETS’ TALK!

1. Do you often use the Internet?

2. When did you first use the Internet? How did you feel about it at that time?
3. What are some security issues you must think when you access the Internet?
4. Have you ever bought something using the Internet?
5. Do you think our lives have been improved by the Internet? Why do you think
so?
6. Do men and women use the internet for different purposes?
7. What are some of the ways the Internet can be used for education? For
entertainment?
8. What problems does the Internet create? What problems does it solve?
9. Do you think governments have the right to censor the Internet?
10. Do you believe all the information that is published (or available) on the
Internet? If so, why? If not, why not?
11. Why is it a good idea to have books and magazines published on the Internet?
12. Do you think that it is a good or a bad habit for young people to play computer
games?
13. Why should you be careful about giving out personal information to people
that you meet in chat-rooms?
14. Would you consider going out with someone that you met on the Internet? If
so, why? If not, why not?
15. In many big cities it is possible to buy your groceries online and have them
delivered to your home. Why has this become popular?
16. Is the Internet making people more impatient? Are we becoming a society
were we all want instant satisfaction?
17. To be current, that is to be up-to-date, is an important feature of the Internet.
Why is this important and what impact is this having on society?
18. We can use the Internet to find jobs overseas. Is this good or bad for both the
employer and employee?
19. Some web sites hold very dangerous information, for example how to make a
bomb. How can we control these Web sites?
20. Many Universities are now offering online courses. Give some reasons why
this is a bad thing.

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LESSON 9
Most Expensive Cell phone

READING COMPREHENSION:

Austrian jeweler Peter Aloisson is probably hoping there are still some fairly
well-off people unaffected by the world's current financial ills as he has designed the
world’s most expensive phone - the iPhone 3G King’s Button. Yours for a measly
USD$2.5 million and change.

The budget unfriendly phone is made of solid 18 carat yellow gold, white
gold and rose gold with the white gold line encrusted with a total of 138 brilliant cut
diamonds. The iPhone 3G King’s Button replaces the iPhone’s standard plastic home
button with a rare 6.6 carat diamond ensuring the unit outshines Aloisson’s previous
efforts such as the USD$1.3 million Crypto Smartphone to make it the world’s most
expensive mobile phone.

While the iPhone 3G King’s Button is sure to impress others in the

unemployment line, with rumors of and an updated iPhone being released this year
gaining momentum, anyone on a budget might be wise to wait and see if the iPhone
3G King’s Button makes its way onto eBay.

QUESTIONS: 
1. Who designed the most expensive cell phone?
2. What’s the name of the cell phone?
3. What are the features of the said phone?

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LETS’ TALK!
1. Do you have a mobile phone? When did you have it?
2. Are you satisfied with the features of your mobile phone now?
3. Do you think it is okay to change the brand of mobile phone every month?
Why?
4. What can you say about people who constantly buy mobile phones?
5. With the world financial crisis we are having now, do you think it is advisable
to have this kind of mobile phone?
6. If you’ll be given the chance to own one of this model mobile phone, would
you accept it? Why? Why not?
7. In your own opinion, do you think modern technology has helped us a lot in
terms of communication? Explain your answer.
8. How would you compare the kind of technology we had before and at the
present? Which one is better?
9. If you can design your own mobile phone, what features would you like to put
on it?
10. How much money would you spend to buy the latest model of mobile phone?
Why?

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LESSON 10
Football

Football or Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world. One of the
reasons is that the only equipment the sport needs is a ball and any markers for the
goals. Bring in two teams and the game is on. Informal games can therefore be very
easily set up.

Formally the game consists of two teams of 11 players. One of the players is
considered a goalkeeper (goalie) and that player's objective is not to allow the ball to
go into the goal. The goalkeeper is the only player who may handle the ball but only
in the penalty area that (s) he is defending. The other ten field players' objective is to
score by putting the ball into their opponent's goal, while trying to avoid conceding
goals. They do this by dribbling, passing, and kicking the ball. The field players can
use any part of their body except their hands or arms. The duration of the game is 90
minutes, with a change of ends and an interval of not more than 15 minutes after 45
minutes. The referee may make allowance for time lost in each half. Once the game is
over, the team that scores the most goals (the number of times the ball goes in the
goal) is declared the winner. In the case of a draw, and depending on the rules of the
competition, a result may be reached by extra time (of 30 minutes duration) or a
penalty shoot-out.

QUESTIONS: 

1. What is one of the reasons why Football is very popular?

2. What is the objective of the ten field players?
3. What happens when there is a draw?

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LETS’ TALK!

1. Do you like to play Soccer? If so, how often do you play it? If not, why not?
2. If you play soccer, do you find it interesting? What are the interesting things
about playing it?
3. If you don’t play soccer, what sport do you play? How different is that sport
from soccer?
4. Soccer is an outdoor sport, what other outdoor sports are famous in your
country?
5. What indoor sports are popular in your country? What among those sports do
you play often?
6. In you opinion, what do you think is better, playing indoor or outdoor sport?
Why do you think so?
7. Aside from being an outdoor sport, soccer is also a team sport. What do you
think are the advantages of team sports over individual ones?
8. What individual sports are famous in your country?
9. What do you think are the advantages of playing sports?
10. Do you agree that playing sports is socializing? Why do you think so?

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LESSON 11
Perfect Life Partner

READING COMPREHENSION:

Life without life partner is like fish without water. Life partner is must in the
life of all people. It is the life partner who actually makes life complete. For that to
spend life smoothly good life partner is must. If the partner is not good then it is
difficult to spend life together. Life is not always bed of roses. To fight with
difficulties and to face the hardships of life support of partner plays an important role.
For that perfect life partner is needed. As no man is perfect on this earth but at least
should possess some qualities of good partner.

Life partner should be honest. For honesty is the best policy. Lying with each
other can harm the relation. Whatever may be the situation life partner should
honestly confine all the deeds of life. It helps in understanding of each other.
Doubting always upon each other can ruin the relation. Partner should be faithful.
Both the partner should understand each other. He should possess the quality of
patience. Patience what requires the most. Losing patience and getting angry soon is
harmful.

If the life partner does not understand you and your problem then it is hard to
survive. Along with good looks and nature good mind and heart is also needed.
Though looks are important these days but looks are deceptive. Beauty fades with
passage of time. It is the essence of beautiful heart which remains.

QUESTIONS: 
1. What is life without a partner?
2. What are the qualities to be a good partner in life?
3. Aside from beauty, what is the most important to be a good life partner?

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LETS’ TALK!

1. In your own opinion, what is a good life partner?

2. How are you going to spend your life with him/her?
3. Have you been in a perfect relationship before? What happened?
4. Can you say that he/she will be a good partner?
5. Did you ever have moments of doubt when you’re with him/her?
6. Do you like your partner’s friends? Why?
7. What does your partner do that annoys you?
8. What advice have your parents and close friends given you?
9. Do you know an older couple that might be a model for a good partnership?

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LESSON 12
New Invention for 2010

READING COMPREHENSION:

British company Xeros looks forward to conquer the American market with
its latest invention, a new washing system able to save a lot of water using nylon
beads. The beads tumble wash clothes using 90 percent less water than traditional
washers.

In addition, the company's latest invention, which is currently in the

development stage, requires less detergent. Xeros claims that there would be no need
for tumble drying and if the homes in the United States would switch to the new
system, the emissions of carbon dioxide would be considerably reduced. The result
would be as though 5 million vehicles have been removed from the road. The
company also says that the new washing machine will save 1.2 billion tons of water
each year, which equals 17 million swimming pools.

The washing machines does its job using small nylon beads that eliminate
stains off clothes and lock them into the molecular structure of the nylon. The beads
can be used for hundreds of washes and afterwards they can be easily recycled. The
technology behind the new washing machine is the result of a research carried out at
the University of Leeds. It has been used in a concept washing machine by the
Cambridge Consultants.

QUESTIONS: 
1. What’s the use of nylon beads of the new washing machine invention?
2. What are the good effects of the new invention to our society?
3. How the nylon beads eliminate the stains?

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LETS’TALK!

1. Is new invention good for people? Why?

2. Do you think it could help us? How?
3. What are the good things to consider when inventing a new project?
4. How about you, are you interested in making new inventions?
5. What would it be? Why?
6. Do you think it could help you and the people around you?
7. In your country, is there any invention for this year?
8. Do you know someone who is an inventor?
9. What kind of inventions he/she made?

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LESSON 13
Dog as a Pet

READING COMPREHENSION:

The dog (Canis lupus familiaris pronounced) is a domesticated form of the

wolf, a member of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. The term is used for
both feral and pet varieties. The domestic dog has been one of the most widely kept
working and companion animals in human history. The word "dog" may also mean
the male of a canine species, as opposed to the word "bitch" for the female of the
species.

The dog quickly became ubiquitous across culture across the world, and was
extremely valuable to early human settlements. For instance, it is believed that the
successful emigration across the Bering Strait might not have been possible without
sled dogs. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, protection,
assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped
individuals. This versatility, more than almost any other known animal, has given
them the nickname "Man's best friend" in the western world. Currently, there are
estimated to be 400 million dogs in the world. Over the 15,000 year span that the dog
had been domesticated, it diverged into only a handful of landraces, groups of similar
animals whose morphology and behavior have been shaped by environmental factors
and functional roles. As the modern understanding of genetics developed, humans
began to intentionally breed dogs for a wide range of specific traits.

QUESTIONS: 
1. What is a domesticated dog?
2. What are the roles of dog to people?
3. What’s the given nickname for dog to humans?

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LETS’TALK!
1. What animals are common in your home country?
2. Where do you usually see these kinds of animals?
3. Which of them do you like most or least?
4. Why do people keep animals as pets?
5. Which are better pets: cats or dogs? Why or why not?
6. Did you have a pet when you were a child?
7. What is your favorite pet? When did you get the pet?
8. How about your parents/family, are they happy with your pet/s?

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LESSON 14
Big Sandwich

READING COMPREHENSION:

A television commercial was banned by Britain's advertising watchdog

because it said the fast food chain misled customers into thinking its mini chicken
sandwiches were larger than they really are. The Advertising Standards Authority said
on Wednesday that after it bought three mini chicken fillet sandwiches, it agreed with
five complaints about the ad -- which included a close-up of a sandwich in a woman's
hands.

They believed the visuals were likely to mislead viewers over the actual size.
They noted that the bun shown in the advertisement was significantly thicker than the
burgers we purchased; that there was more filling and the lettuce was a different type.

The ASA ordered that the ad, created by London-based agency, not be shown
again in its existing form. The firm is minority owned by French group Publicis.
Owner argued that the woman in the ad simply may have had small hands, although it
said the actress was not cast for that reason. The chain also said the burger's name and
price -- 99 pence ($1.86) -- implied that it was smaller than a normal fillet burger. The
ASA said it did not think that was sufficient to alert consumers that the sandwich was
smaller than it appeared.

QUESTIONS:
1. Why it was banned by Britain’s advertising?
2. What are the characteristics of the bun sandwich?
3. What was the Advertising Standards Authority or ASA’s order to the agency?

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LETS’TALK!
1. Do you agree that advertisements must always be truthful?
2. Have you ever seen an ad that is misleading?
3. What should consumers do when they see an untruthful advertisement?
4. What is the best way to ensure truth in advertising?
5. Do you think that this company intentionally tried to deceive consumers?
6. What will you do if a customer unjustly accuses you of false advertising?
7. If you work for an advertising company, how will you make sure your claims
are attention-getting, yet truthful?
8. If you’ll be given a chance to make an advertisement, what kind of product
would you like to endorse? Why?
9. Have you heard some ad that’s misleading, can you explain why the ad is
deceptive?

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LESSON 15
Women Gamblers

READING COMPREHENSION:

Women gamblers are losers in love and life according to a study. It says that
those women who gamble are more likely to end up divorced and suicidal than men
who are addicted to betting.
The reason for the disparity, according to the study is that women develop
more complex gambling problems and are more reluctant than men to seek help.
Women are usually drawn to gambling by marriage problems whereas their
male counterparts gamble because of excitement or the desire to make quick money.
 
QUESTIONS: 
1. Who are the losers in love and life?
2. What are the situations that commonly happen to women gamblers?
3. What are the reasons why women gamble?
4. What are the reasons why men gamble?
 
LETS’TALK!
1. What are the common forms of gambling?
2. Do you gamble? How much do you spend?
3. Can gambling be a past time? Can it be a stress reliever?
4. Do you think gambling can be addictive?
5. How can gambling affect one’s life?
6. Do you consider gambling as a bad habit?
7. What are your good habits? Bad habits?
8. Is it easy or difficult to get rid of a bad habit?
9. Do other people’s bad habits get on your nerves? If so, what are those habits?

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LESSON 16
House and Home

READING COMPREHENSION:

A house is a structure as the other poster put it, but a home is the people who
live in the house and make it a safe and pleasant place to be. You've heard quotes such
as "Keep the home fires burning" (during the wars years) and the oldie but goodie
"Home is where the heart is." You can live in a beautiful home, but if you have no one
to love and share it with, then it's just a plain house no matter how fancy it is. Poor or
rich, no children or a dozen children, adults have the control to make any place a good
home.

A home is a place of residence or refuge and comfort. It is usually a place in

which an individual or a family can rest and be able to store personal property. Most
modern-day households contain sanitary facilities and a means of preparing food.
Animals have their own homes as well, either living in the wild or in a domesticated
environment. As an alternative to the definition of "home" as a physical locale, home
may be perceived to have no physical definition--instead, home may relate instead to
a mental or emotional state of refuge or comfort.

A home can be anywhere you live -- your home may be a mobile home, or a
motor home, or an igloo. For some, home can be an abandoned warehouse on Main
Street in Anywhere; you can call an apartment your home.

QUESTIONS:
1. According to the article, what is a house, home?
2. What are the other types of home?
3. What are the difference between a house and a home?

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LETS’TALK!
1. Can you describe the house or apartment where you are now living?
2. How many rooms does it have? How big is it?
3. How many people lived in your house?
4. Can you describe your (bed) room? Is it large or small? Clean or messy?
5. Can you tell where things are located in your room?
6. Can you tell where furniture, appliances, and other things are located in your
house?
7. Would you like to move to a new house? Why or why not?
8. If you would like to buy a new house, would you be interested to design it?
9. If you would like to buy a new one, where and what country would you like?

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LESSON 17
Lottery

READING COMPREHENSION:

A lottery is a form of gambling which involves the drawing of lots for a prize.
Some governments outlaw it, while others endorse it to the extent of organizing a
national or state lottery. It is common to find some degree of regulation of lottery by
governments.
At the beginning of the 20th century, most forms of gambling, including
lotteries and sweepstakes, were illegal in many countries, including the U.S.A. and
most of Europe. This remained so until after World War II. In the 1960s casinos and
lotteries began to appear throughout the world as a means to raise revenue in addition
to taxes.

Lotteries come in many formats. The prize can be a fixed amount of cash or
goods. In this format there is risk to the organizer if insufficient tickets are sold. More
commonly the prize fund will be a fixed percentage of the receipts. A popular form of
this is the "50–50" draw where the organizers promise that the prize will be 50% of
the revenue. Many recent lotteries allow purchasers to select the numbers on the
lottery ticket resulting in the possibility of multiple winners.

The purchase of lottery tickets from the perspective of classical economics,

irrational. However, in addition to the chance of winning, the ticket may enable some
purchasers to experience a thrill and to indulge in a fantasy of becoming wealthy. If
the entertainment value (or other non-monetary value) obtained by playing is high
enough for a given individual, then the purchase of a lottery ticket could represent a
gain in overall utility. In such a case, the monetary loss would be outweighed by the
non-monetary gain, thus making the purchase a rational decision for that individual.

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QUESTIONS:
1. What is a lottery?
2. What are the formats of lottery?
3. How can you purchase a lottery ticket?

LETS’TALK!
1. What will you do if you won the lottery?
2. If you won the lottery, would you quit your job? Why or why not?
3. Would you be concerned about what your boss might think?
4. How are you going to spend the money?
5. If you won the lottery, how are you going to tell your family?
6. If you know someone who won the lottery, what will you say to him/her?
7. What’s the first thing you would buy if you won the lottery? Why?
8. Do you think lottery is a big help to people, especially to the needy ones?
9. Do you think winning the lottery is a good way for people to become rich in
an easier way?

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LESSON 18
Dream Job

READING COMPREHENSION:

Some of us know from the time we are very young what we want to do when
we grow up. Others are still trying to figure that out. Still others have tried a career or
two, and then went on to do something completely different with their lives. The days
of working for the same company for a lifetime are long gone and in some industries
having one job for a significant period of time is frowned upon rather than considered
an asset. So, it's quite acceptable in today's workplace to consider a variety of career
options.
As you can see, dreams come in all shapes and sizes. They are often more attainable
than you would think.
The first step to take in starting to follow your dreams involves deciding what
it is you really want to do with your life. Research career options and potential
employers to discover what it is you really want to do. Be cognizant of the top
industries and career fields for job seekers and be aware of the options that are
available for you given your skills and experience.
Consider a short-term work experience or an internship as a way to
experiment with different positions. You won't need to make a long-term commitment
and you will have the opportunity to test the waters with jobs that sound interesting. If
you need new skills to accomplish your goals, consider going back to school to get the
appropriate training. Then follow your dreams as best you can...

QUESTIONS:

1. What are the things to take to follow your dreams?

2. What are the things to consider when you have to experiment for different
positions?
3. What are the things to consider when accomplishing new skills to your goals?

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LETS’TALK!
1. Do have your career now? What kind of career is it?
2. Do you think your job fits you? Why?
3. As for now, are you contented with your career? Why?
4. Is it enough for you and for your family?
5. What type of job do you dream about?
6. Do you think you can reach that kind of career you are dreaming about? Why?
7. How are you going to reach that kind of career? What are your steps/ways?
8. Do you think that kind of career will fit your skills?
9. Do you know someone who has the same career that you’re dreaming about?

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LESSON 19
Who Should Break the Ice first?

READING COMPREHENSION:

A study showed that more than half the single women surveyed
would not speak to a man in public. And despite liberalized dating customs, many
women still have a hard time taking the first step.
According to the research, many women believe that it is not necessary for
interesting singles to take the initiative and that only desperate women do so. But men
find it a good thing when a woman takes the first step.
Grocery shopping offers opportunities to talk with men. If an attractive male
shopper takes a packet of coffee from the shelf, ask whether it’s a brand he would
recommend. It’s flattering to many men if they are asked for advice.
Many men would like to see more initiative from women, but don’t
exaggerate, you may end up driving them away.
 

QUESTIONS:

1. Who are those women which are believed to be taking the first step?
2. What do most men these days expect from women?

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LETS’TALK!
1. Do you think it is fine for women to take the first step?
2. For women, have you ever taken the first step? How did you feel then? Were
you able to get the expected result?
3. For men, has a woman taken an initiative of telling her emotions to you? How
did you feel then? Did your opinion of her change after that? How?
4. Do you agree that the dating culture is changing? If so, what are the changes
you have noticed? If not, why don’t you think so?
5. Describe a perfect date.
6. Describe the person you would like to date.
7. What do you think most people talk about when dating?
8. Do you think it is okay to “go Dutch” when dating?
9. Do you believe in love at first sight? If so, why? If not, why not?
10. What was the most interesting date you have ever been on? The most boring?

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LESSON 20
India’s Undersea City

READING COMPREHENSION:

Indian archaeologists have found what they believe are undersea "stone
structures" that could be the remains of an ancient port city off India's southern coast.
The archaeologists learned of the structures after locals reported spotting a temple and
several sculptures when the sea pulled back briefly just before deadly tsunamis
smashed into the coastline on December 26.

An official from the state-run Archeological Survey of India (ASI), Alok

Tripathi, said divers discovered the stone remains close to India's famous beachfront
Mahabalipuram temple in Tamil Nadu state.

"We've found some stone structures which are clearly man-made. They're
perfect rectangular blocks, arranged in a clear pattern," he said aboard the Indian
naval vessel Ghorpad. Mr. Tripathi headed a diving expedition after the tsunamis
uncovered the remains of a stone house, a half-completed rock elephant and two
exquisite giant granite lions, one seated and another poised to charge in
Mahabalipuram, 70 kilometers south of Chennai. The objects were found when the
towering waves withdrew from the beach, carrying huge amounts of sand with them.

QUESTIONS:
1. What have they found in the southern coast of India?
2. According to the archaeologists, what structures have they found?
3. How did the objects found?
 

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LETS’TALK!
1. What makes this discovery most interesting to you?
2. How should the Archeological Society of India approach this project to
preserve its ancient treasures?
3. Why was this undersea city not discovered by explorers before?
4. If it were not for the tsunami, how long do you think it would have taken to
find these ruins?
5. Do you believe there are other, yet undiscovered, ruins of ancient cities in the
world? If so, where?
6. In your country, do you know any greatest treasure that was being discovered?
7. Do you think there are still some hidden treasures in your country that was still
undiscovered? Why or why not?
8. If you will be given a chance to be an archaeologist, what kind of treasure or
ruins would you like to research or discover?
9. If you will make some discoveries, what country would it be? Why or why
not?

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LESSON 21
National Sport in England

READING COMPREHENSION:

Cricket is a bat-and-ball team sport that is first documented as being played

in southern England in the 16th century. By the end of the 18th century, cricket had
developed to the point where it had become the national sport of England. The
expansion of the British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the
mid-19th century the first international matches were being held.

Today, the game's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC),
has 104 member countries. With its greatest popularity in the Test playing countries,
cricket is widely regarded as the world's second most popular sport, after association
football. The ICC oversees both men's and women's cricket.

The rules of the game are known as the Laws of Cricket. These are
maintained by the ICC and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), which holds the
copyright. A cricket match is played on a cricket field at the centre of which is a pitch.
The match is contested between two teams of eleven players each. One team bats,
trying to score as many runs as possible without being dismissed ("out") while the
other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the other team’s batsmen and limit the
runs being scored. When the batting team has used all its available over or has no
remaining batsmen, the roles become reversed and it is now the fielding team’s turn to
bat and try to outscore the opposition.

QUESTIONS:
1. What is the national sport of England?
2. How many countries are member of International Cricket Council (ICC)?
3. What are the rules of cricket sport?

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LETS’TALK!
1. How many sports do you know?
2. Which one(s) do you like best?
3. Which one(s) would you like to try?
4. Who do you usually play sports with
5. Why do people play sports?
6. Do you like to watch professional sports on television? What is your favorite
sport to watch?
7. Which famous athlete (sportsman / sportswoman) would you like to meet?

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LESSON 22
Transportation in Indonesia

READING COMPREHENSION:

The good thing about Indonesia is that many times you can walk to get to
places. Unlike many cities in North America (like Los Angeles) which force you to
drive, you can actually walk or take public transportation in Indonesia. If you don't
have to drive in Indonesia, don't. Indonesians drive on the left-side of the street, as
oppose to the right (correct)-side. (Pun intended). Many streets are narrow. They are
good for two cars, one in each direction, with only a few feet or inches between the
two cars. Some people also park their cars on the street (no room for garage), making
it more difficult to drive. On top of that, you have to be careful with motorcyclists,
people walking (also jaywalking) on the streets, and public transportation cars or
buses which stop and cut you in an unpredictable manner.

Trains connect big cities. Some trains are dirty and are full with passengers.
At the end of "Ramadan" (the fasting month for Moslems), many people go back from
big cities (such as Jakarta) to their villages where they came from. At that time,
people even hang outside the trains! Bus is the main transportation between cities. I
have to warn you that some bus drivers drive like crazy and they are reckless. You
may have a heart attack riding on their buses. Buses are cheaper than trains and they
go more often. Also watch out for pick-pocket. Watch for your belonging! Don't leave
them unattended! Seriously! During busy seasons, it is difficult to get into a bus.
You have to fight with the other passengers, just to get into the bus. Many big cities
have taxis. But only in Jakarta taxis are common. In other cities, taxis are just starting
to become popular. Taxis are metered (using "Argo meter"), but sometimes the
drivers refuse to use the meter and ask (haggle) you for a certain amount instead.
They are supposed to use the meter. If you are not in a hurry in Jakarta, insist on the
meter or get another cab. In some places (such as train station), some taxis inside the

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parking area refused to use the meter. Get taxis from the street, instead. All taxis in
Jakarta have air conditioning.
 
 
QUESTIONS:
1. How are you going to drive your car in Indonesia?
2. What is the name of the fasting month for Moslems?
3. What is the main transportation between the cities in Indonesia?
 
LETS’TALK!
1. How do you usually get to work or school?
2. How do people in your country get to where they want to go?
3. Do you often take public transportation?
4. What is your preferred means of getting around?
5. What kind of vehicle would you like to use for travel?
6. What kind of transportation do you use when you are in a hurry?
7. How do you travel when you go on a vacation?
8. What do you prefer, riding a luxury or just an ordinary car? Why or why not?

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LESSON 23
Best Job in Australia

READING COMPREHENSION:

Tourist officials in Australia are looking for somebody to look after a desert
island. Roughly 160,000 people flocked to the website to see how they could earn
£70,000 to live on this island, watch whales and scuba dive. It is the perfect job to
help you forget freezing, credit-crunch Britain - and some 34% of the visitors to the
site were British.

However the Australian tourism board told the Telegraph the website is back
up and running now - and they are bracing themselves for it to go 'a bit crazy'. They
are willing to pay £70,000 for someone to work 12 hours a month for six months
while carrying out such duties as feeding turtles, watching whales and picking up the
island's post. No academic qualifications are needed, but good swimming skills and a
love of snorkeling, scuba diving and other water sports are a must. A passion for the
great outdoors and the ability to speak English are also considered to be an advantage.
They will live rent-free on Hamilton Island (population 5,000), the 'jewel in the
crown' of the Whitsunday Islands off the Queensland coast, and also look after some
neighboring islands.

They will stay in a three-bedroom villa with 'unbeatable' views of a crystal

clear lagoon ringed by palm trees and white sandy beaches. Free return flights,
transfers, and transport around the island are included. Motor vehicles are prohibited,
so golf buggies are the most common form of transport. But they will be required to
produce a weekly online blog, photo diary and video updates of their time on the
island.

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QUESTIONS:
1. What kind of job are they offering?
2. How much is the payment for the job?
3. What would be its most common transport?
 
LETS’TALK!

1. (If you are already working) Are you happy with your current occupation?
2. (If you are a still in school) What kind of job would you like to have after you
graduate?
3. Do you think parents should choose occupations for their children?
4. How many times did your father/mother change jobs?
5. In your opinion, is it a good idea to move from job to job? Why or why not?
6. What is the most interesting part-time job you have had in your life?
7. What do you know about occupation?
8. What kind of occupation would you be interested in doing?
9. What kind of job would you like your son/daughter to have?

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LESSON 24
Is Marriage Good for Health?

READING COMPREHENSION:

A study of nearly 34,500 people in 15 countries found married people are

less likely to suffer from depression, anxiety and substance abuse. Our study points
is that the marital relationship offers a lot of mental health benefits for both men and
women, and that the distress and disruption associated with ending marriage can make
people vulnerable to developing mental disorders. Being separated, divorced, or
widowed is associated with increased risk of mental health disorders in both men and
women, particularly with depression in men and drugs and alcohol abuse in women.

One of the more important findings is that in recent years it has been asserted
that marriage is better for men than for women in terms of mental health. This study
does not agree with that position. We found that compared to never getting married,
getting married is good for both men and women in terms of most mental health
disorders."

But the study did find that men were less likely to become depressed in their
first marriage than women, this might be due to women being more likely to follow
the traditional role of a wife first time around. Other studies have found that as gender
roles have become less traditional, with women working more and becoming better
educated, female depression has fallen. The latest study also found getting married
reduced the risk of substance abuse more for women than for men. This might be due
to evidence that women cut their alcohol consumption sharply when they became
pregnant and this often continued while the children were young.

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QUESTIONS:

1. What is the point of study, according to the article?

2. In recent years, what are the most important findings?
3. What other studies had found?

LETS’TALK!

1. Do you agree that married women (or men) have fewer health risks than single
people?
2. Do you think there is a connection between marital happiness and health?
3. Could an unhappy marriage lead to health problems? Why or why not?
4. Do you think that living with (but not being married to) a partner can
produce the same health benefits? Why or why not?
5. What are the health benefits of having children?
6. What are the health risks of having children?
7. What are the advantages/disadvantages of remaining single?
8. Does health necessarily decline as a result of being divorced or widowed?
9. Who do you think it is better off in terms of health, wealth, happiness?

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LESSON 25
World’s Most Expensive Foods

READING COMPREHENSION:

The world of the rich and famous is fascinating for many of us. They lead the
life many of us want and they do what we only dream of us. Being a food fanatic, this
time we’ll have a look at the most expensive foods in the world, most expensive
drinks, deserts or spices. The most expensive potato in the world is a French one, “La
Bonnotte”. Annually, only 100 tons of this top quality potato are cultivated and
collected only on the island Noirmoutier. The potato fields require to be fertilized
only with seaweed in a climate shaped by the nearby sea. The cost of one single
kilogram can reach €500 since this type of potato is almost extinct.
The most expensive sandwich in the world is the club sandwich from Essen
aka von Essen Platinum Club Sandwich. This triple-decker delicacy contains the
finest chicken, ham, hard-boiled quails’ eggs and white truffles and it’s currently sold
at Cliveden, Berkshire. The chicken (poulet de Bresse) is referred to as the ‘fourth
gastronomic wonder of the world served with a topping of white truffles, sold at over
a thousands ponds a month. At 1,182 calories, with 1.8oz of fat, it’s not the healthiest
dish but certainly one of the most expensive. Costing 100 pounds (almost 200 dollars),
this is a must-try for the food fanatics.
The most expensive pizza in the world, valued at 8300 Euro can be tasted in
Italy. With generous toppings of caviar and lobster, the pizza has a diameter of 20cm
and Louis XIII Remy Martin cognac poured all over it. The most expensive omelet in
the world can be tasted at the Le Parker Meridien restaurant in New York. The $1,000
omelet consists of 10 ounces of sevruga caviar, a whole lobster, and six eggs. To
make it in the privacy of your own home, the cost will be only $700.

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QUESTIONS:
1. What is the name of the most expensive potato in the world? And on what
island it could only be found?
2. What is the most expensive sandwich in the world?
3. How much is the most expensive pizza in the world?

LETS’TALK!
1. What kind of foods do you eat every day?
2. Do you usually eat fruits and vegetables? What kinds?
3. How often do you drink milk or water?
4. Do you think it’s good for our health?
5. Are you aware of the food pyramid?
6. Is the food you eat the best for your health? Why or why not?
7. Tell me some foods that people should eat to stay healthy.
8. Is there any food delicacy in your place/area?
9. Why do you think it is the best food in your place/area?
10. What is your favorite food? From what place/country?

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LESSON 26

Mountain Living

READING COMPREHENSION:

Research by scientists in Greece shows that mountain dwelling is good for

the heart and longevity. People living at higher altitude have lower odds of dying from
Heart Disease than those closer to sea level, even if they have factors that could
increase their risk. Residence in mountainous areas seems to have a ‘protective effect’
from total and coronary mortality. It suspects that the increased exercise from walking
up mountainous terrain gives the heart a good workout and enables it to cope with
lower levels of oxygen.

Although men and women living in the mountainous village had higher
blood pressure rates and other risk factors than people in the other villagers, they had
a lower rate of death from heart disease and other causes after a 15 year follow-up.
Heart disease is one of the world’s top killers. Smoking, High Blood Pressure, raised
cholesterol levels, being overweight or obese and a family history of the illness
increase the odds of developing the disease.

The Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found fewer deaths in

total, and particularly from heart disease, among those in the highlands. In Greece,
deaths from heart disease are among the lowest of any developed country, a factor
which could be largely due to the Mediterranean diet most people eat. Both men and
women living in the mountain village appeared to be at higher risk of coronary heart
disease than people living in the lowland area, with higher rates of circulating blood
fats and higher blood pressure.

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QUESTIONS:

1. What does the research shows?

2. What are the good effects of walking up to the mountainous terrain?
3. People living on the mountain are risk for what kind of diseases?

LETS’TALK!
1. Do you think people in mountainous areas really have better lifestyles
than those living at lower altitudes?
2. How do people increase their risk of heart disease?
3. How can they prevent it?
4. What would your recommend to a person who has high cholesterol?
5. What activities that you can do or you can avoid doing to maintain good long-
term health?
6. Do you know someone who has a heart disease?
7. Do you know someone who is increasing her/his risk of heart disease?
8. How are you going to tell someone that he/she has to change his/her poor
health habits?

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LESSON 27
Working Life

READING COMPREHENSION: 

Working is a major influence on who are we as people and who we will

become in life. Understanding the importance of the job we do is the first step towards
appreciating the gift of work and learning how to use it to our advantage. Rather than
seeing our work as just being something that we begrudgingly do each week day from
9 to 5, we have to see it as something more meaningful.

Work Creates Discipline

The commitment involved in getting up and going to work each day to devote
many hours to a particular job is a major accomplishment. Regardless of the type of
work one does, the simple fact that a person can make it to the workplace day after
day is impressive.

Work is Giving
By giving your time and commitment to your work you are contributing to
society in many ways. You may be working to keep food on the table for your family,
providing valuable products or services to society, or creating jobs for others if you're
the boss.

Work Encourages Growth

The skills we learn at work can involve everything from spiritual growth
through to improved physical health. The contacts we have with customers or co-
workers encourages social interaction, which is a great way to learn how to deal with
people from a variety of backgrounds. Many skills from particular industries can also
be of benefit in our home life.

Work Improves Life

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For the person that has little motivation or the ambition to do better in life, their
conditions are improved by working because they can provide for their family and
perhaps take the occasional holiday. But for those seeking more out of life, with big
hopes and dreams, work is the key to change. It may start with a job that merely feeds
and clothes you, which later leads to creating the change necessary to rise above your
current circumstances. That could mean attaining further education while you are still
working to get a better job, creating a product that could improve the life of others, or
getting the savings needed to start your own business.

We can let work use us and become just another number clocking on and off
each day, or we can use work to create the person we wish to become in life. By
choosing to learn from the work we have to do, we can eventually do the work we
really want to do. If we collect chicken eggs or are the mayor of a city we are learning
everyday, contributing to society, and improving the life of those around us.

QUESTIONS:

1. According to the article, what is the first step towards appreciating the gift of
work?
2. What are the four (4) benefits of work?

LETS’ TALK!

1. Do you love your work?

2. Is it your own choice to have the kind of job you have now?
3. If you’ll be given a chance to choose another kind of job/ work, what would it
be and why?
4. What do you think are the things needed to consider when looking for a right
job?
5. Would you rather have a stable job but low in salary, or have a not-so stable
job but high in salary? Why?
6. How should an employee enjoy the fruit of his work?
7. What do you think are the ways on how an employee can last on a specific job
or work?
8. Can you give an example of a job or work that you would rather not have?
9. What are your future plans for your current work status?
10. Do you believe that a person can still survive even if he or she is not working?
Prove your answer.

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LESSON 28
Mahatma Gandhi

READING COMPREHENSION:

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) was a

major political and spiritual leader of India, and the Indian independence movement.
He was the pioneer and perfector of Satyagraha — the resistance of tyranny through
mass civil disobedience strongly founded upon ahimsa (total non-violence), which led
India to independence, and has inspired movements for civil rights and freedom
across the world. Gandhi is commonly known and addressed in India and across the
world as Mahatma Gandhi (from Sanskrit, Mahatma: Great Soul) and as Bapu (in
many Indian languages, Father).

An English-educated lawyer, Gandhi first employed his ideas of peaceful civil

disobedience in the Indian community's struggle for civil rights in South Africa. Upon
his return to India, Gandhi organized poor farmers and laborers in India to protest
oppressive taxation and extensive discrimination, and carried it forward on the
national stage to protest oppressive laws made by the British Raj. Becoming the
leader of the Indian National Congress, Gandhi led a nationwide campaign for the
alleviation of the poor, for the liberation of Indian women, for brotherhood amongst
communities of differing religions and ethnicity, for an end to untouchables and caste
discrimination, and for the economic self-sufficiency of the nation, but above all for
Swaraj — the independence of India from foreign domination. Gandhi famously led
Indians in the disobedience of the salt tax through the 400 kilometer (248 miles)
Dandi Salt March in 1930 and in an open call for the British to Quit India in 1942. He
was imprisoned for many years on numerous occasions in South Africa and India.

Throughout his life, Gandhi remained committed to non-violence and truth

even in the most extreme situations. Gandhi was a student of Hindu philosophy and

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lived simply, organizing an ashram that was self-sufficient in its needs. He made his
own clothes — the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with a charkha— and
lived on a simple vegetarian diet. He used rigorous fasts — abstaining from food and
water for long periods — for self-purification as well as a means of protest.

QUESTIONS: 

1. What were the achievements of Mahatma Gandhi?

2. How did Gandhi live his life?
3. What is the meaning of Mahatma Gandhi’s name in Sanskrit?

LETS’ TALK!

1. Who do you think is the most important person in your country’s history?
What were this person’s contributions in your country’s development?
2. At present, who do you think is the most distinguished person in your country?
Why do you think so?
3. Who is the person who you look up to? Why?
4. Is there someone who has influenced your life a lot? Is so, who? How has this
person influenced your life?
5. Who is the person you would like to resemble? What qualities do you want to
acquire from that person?
6. Have you ever thought of your life’s purpose? If so, how will you fulfill it? If
not, why not?
7. Would you like to be a noble person in the future? If so, why? If not, why not?
8. What do you think is the greatest contribution you can share with your country
and your people?
9. How do you find your country? What are the things you can be so proud of it?
10. Is there something you complain about your country? If so, what is it?

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LESSON 29

Royal Family in England

READING COMPREHENSION:

The royal family has little use for last names - after all, everyone knows who
they are. Princess Diana did not take back her maiden name, Spencer, after her
divorce; she continued to be known simply as "Diana." The Queen signs official
documents "Elizabeth R." The R stands for Regina, which means "queen." (Regina is
not one of her given names; she was baptized Elizabeth Alexandra Mary.)

But the royal family does have a last name, and they do use it from time to
time. Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, was a member of the House of
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, so her descendants were part of that dynasty. Experts later
worried about it for them and decided their name was probably "Witten" (or maybe
even Wipper).The royal family's official name, or lack thereof, became a problem
during World War I, when people began to mutter that Saxe-Coburg-Gotha sounded
far too German. King George V and his family needed a new, English-sounding name.
After considering everything from Plantagenet to Tudor-Stuart to simply England, the
king and his advisors chose the name Windsor.
The British royal family is known as the House of Windsor. When Princess
Elizabeth (the current queen) served as a subaltern in the Auxiliary Territorial Service
during World War II, she was called "Elizabeth Windsor." Elizabeth married Prince
Philip of Greece, whose family name was Mountbatten, and eventually she decreed
that most of her descendants would be called Mountbatten-Windsor. Princess Anne
used this name in 1973 when she married Captain Mark Phillips. However, according
to statements made by the queen, it appears that Windsor is still the official family
name for any British royal who is styled "Royal Highness." The queen's youngest son,
Prince Edward, the Earl of Wessex, has used the name Edward Windsor

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professionally. His wife, the Countess of Wessex, has been known professionally as
Sophie Wessex.

QUESTIONS:
1. What was Princess Diana’s maiden name?
2. Who was Queen Victoria’s husband? He came from what dynasty?
3. What was the British family name known for?

LETS’TALK!
1. How many people are there in your family?
2. Can you describe the members of your family?
3. If you have, can you tell about your extended family?
4. Can you tell about people you know outside of your family?
5. Do you think your best friend could be one of your families someday? Why or
why not?
6. Can you tell about an interesting experience you had with a family member?
7. If you’ll get marry soon, how would you introduce your future husband/wife
to your family?

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LESSON 30
Natural Disaster in Vietnam

READING COMPREHENSION:

As Vietnam is meteorologically located in the Western Pacific region, which

is one of the two biggest storm centers in the world, it faces between 5-10 storms and
tropical low pressure systems a year. When these storms hit Vietnam, they cause huge
losses of human life and damage to property. Even though not many whirlwinds and
hailstorms are recorded every year, they cause huge damage worth billions of
Vietnam Dong.

Natural calamities have proven abnormal in recent years, with many storms
changing their direction to hit the central and southern regions instead of the north, as
before. Residents in provinces such as Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh,
Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue have struggled to survive powerful storms and violent
floods.

In places where local residents rarely face storms, erratic weather conditions
can cause huge losses of human life and damage to property. It is worth to note that
typhoon Linda swept across the south-western region in 1997, killing more than 3,000
fishermen and sinking over 1,000 fishing vessels. It took the region several years to
restore the local fishing industry due to a lack of personnel.

QUESTIONS:

1. Vietnam is located on what region?

2. What provinces that were being affected by the natural calamities?

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3. What are the causes of erratic weather condition?

LETS’TALK!

1. How do you feel about recent natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, etc.) in
the news?
2. What do you think is the most important for survivors of these disasters?
3. How can the rest of the world best help the people in devastated areas?
4. What can people do to prepare for possible disasters in the future?
5. What types of disasters are common in your home country? (Hurricanes,
typhoons, tornadoes, etc.)
6. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster? What was it like?
7. Would you like to be a relief worker someday to the victims of natural
disasters?
8. If you’ll be one of the disaster victims, what will you do after?
9. If you’re given a chance to be one of the wealthy people in your country, do
you think you would be able to help those disaster victims? Why or why not?

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LESSON 31

Marriage in South Africa

READING COMPREHENSION:

Lobola is a century-old tradition, still common throughout Africa. This

system requires that a price be paid for the right to marry a woman. This practice is
still used extensively in contemporary African society and has raised both critical and
supportive voices.

Lobola is an age-old African custom that is as alive today as it was 100 years
ago. Both the families of the bride and groom would be scandalized if they did not
adhere to this custom. On the surface, Lobola is a complex and very formal process of
negotiation between the two families to come to a mutual agreement of the price that
the groom has to pay in order to marry the bride. This may seem like a purchase and a
sale, but this custom is the very opposite of a commercial transaction.

The Lobola process is often complicated and sometimes confusing for the
modern couple. The process if very formal and has certain protocols that have to be
adhered to. For example, although the two families concerned might have lived next
to each other for years, all negotiation between the parents must be conducted in
writing and not by telephone or by a quick visit. The reason for this seemingly absurd
rule is that although the families might have known each other for years, they do not
know each other on the level of the Lobola exchange. In other words, they do not
know each other at the level of the seriousness and sanctity of marriage

 
QUESTIONS: 

1. What is lobola in Africa?

2. What would be the arrangements of the two families?
3. What are the processes of lobola?

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LETS’TALK!

1. What are some reasons people get married?

2. What do you think is/are the best reason(s) for couples to "tie the knot?"
3. Would you recommend marrying for reasons other than "love?" Why or why
not?
4. If a couple is not happy before marriage, do you think they will be happy
together after marriage?
5. If you were a therapist, what would you suggest for people who aren't happy
with their partners but want to get married anyway?
6. Why there are some couples don’t want to have children, even if they’re
already married?
7. Do you agree with live-in situation? Why or why not?
8. Can you describe a happy couple?
9. Do you think getting married is the best way to have a good partner in life?
Why or why not?

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LESSON 32
Romantic Love

READING COMPREHENSION:

Romance does not necessarily have to fade away in the long-term

relationships and transform into a friendship-type love, according to a new study.
Romantic love can last a lifetime and lead to even happier, stronger and healthier
relationships.

The study's lead researcher, Bianca P. Acevedo, PhD, from the

University of California, Santa Barbara, said that many people identify romantic love
as passionate love, which, in her opinion, is not true. The scientist explained that
romantic love has the same intensity, involvement and sexual chemistry that have the
passionate love, with the exception of an obsession. Obsessive love is always
accompanied by feelings such as anxiety and uncertainty, and never survives for a
long time.

The results revealed that those individuals, who said that they had a
great romantic love, were much more satisfied in both the short- and long-term
relationships. Participants from both the short- and long-term relationships, who
reported that their love was mostly based on friendship, only moderately associated
their relationship with complete satisfaction, and those who reported passionate love
in their relationships, were more likely to be satisfied for the short period of time,
rather than the long term. Also, couples who expressed the most satisfaction with their
partner turned out to be much happier and had higher self-esteem.

According to Dr. Acevedo, when partners feel and know that they are
there for each other, it always creates a strong bond between them, and leads to a
good relationship, which, in turn, contributes to stronger feelings of romantic love. On

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the contrary, when people start feeling insecure and jealous, they start also
experiencing less satisfaction, which in many cases leads to misunderstandings and
conflicts in the relationships. All this can point to the signs of an obsessive love, she
said.

This new findings may change people's perceptions and expectations

of what they really want in long-term relationships. The scientists wrote that
companionship, or friendship-type love, which is what people usually see and expect
as the natural transformation of any happy relationship, may be an unnecessary
compromise. Partners should fight for their love with all the possible means, Acevedo
said. And couples who have been together for many years and wish to rekindle their
romantic feelings, should remember that this is an attainable goal that, like most good
things in life, requires patience, energy and devotion, she concluded.

QUESTIONS:

1. According to the research, an obsessive love is always accompanied by what?

2. What does the result of the research revealed?

LETS’TALK!

1. Have you been in love?

2. How would you describe the relationship you have now compared with the
past ones?
3. Do you believe in romantic love? How about obsessive love?
4. Why do you think people feel insecurities and jealousy? Do you think it is
okay to feel that way?
5. How do you handle conflicts in your relationship?
6. Who do you think should give in first when there’s a fight between you and
your spouse/boyfriend/girlfriend?
7. Do you agree in the saying “Love is blind”?
8. According to the scientist, couples should fight for their love with all the
possible means, do you agree?
9. For you, what is an ideal relationship?
10. Would you rather stay in love but suffer a lot or stay single and not experience
love at all?

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LESSON 33
AIDS

READING COMPREHENSION:

Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of symptoms and infections in humans resulting
from the specific damage to the immune system caused by infection with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the late stage of which leaves individuals prone to
opportunistic infections and tumors. Although treatments for AIDS and HIV exists
that slow virus progression, there is no known cure.

HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the

bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid,
pre- seminal fluid or breast milk. The transmission can come in the form of: (anal or
vaginal) sex; blood transfusion; contaminated needles; exchange between mother and
infant during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding; or other exposure to one of the
above bodily fluids.

More researchers believe that HIV originated in sub- Saharan Africa during
the twentieth century, it is now a pandemic, with more than 40 million people now
living with the disease worldwide. As of January 2006, the Joint United Nations
Program on HIV/ AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO)
estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first
recognized on December 1, 1981, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in
recorded history. In 2005 alone, AIDS claimed between an estimated 2.8 and 3.6
million, of which more than 570, 000 were children. Many of these deaths are
occurring in sub- Saharan Africa, retarding economic growth by destroying human
capital. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV
infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all

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countries. HIV/ AIDS stigma is more severe than that associated with other life-
threatening conditions and extends beyond the disease itself to providers and even
volunteers involved with the care of people living with HIV.

 
QUESTIONS: 

1. What is the meaning of AIDS?

2. What are the possible ways AIDS can be acquired?
3. What kind of treatment is used to reduce the mortality and morbidity of HIV
infection?

LETS’TALK!

1. What other incurable diseases we have these days?

2. How can we help people suffering from incurable diseases?
3. Have you ever done something to help people who are suffering from
illnesses? If so, what have you done? If not, would you be willing to do
something if you were given a chance?
4. Why do you think many people still go on “sex tours” in some countries even
if they know that we have AIDS pandemic?
5. What do you think should be done to people who are suffering from AIDS?
6. What should be done by the government to reduce the increasing number of
people infected with HIV?
7. How can you explain the saying, “Prevention is better than cure.”?
8. How can we keep ourselves healthy?
9. Do you think you are living a healthy lifestyle? Why do think so?
10. Do you think the existence of incurable diseases is part of God’s punishment?
Why do you think so?

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LESSON 34

Abortion

READING COMPREHENSION:

Almost all people who discuss abortion are either strongly pro-life or
pro-choice. Some are seriously lacking in objectivity and accuracy. Some distort data;
others ignore information that contradicts their views.

Abortion is known as the termination of pregnancy. The act of giving

premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus prematurely, or before
it is capable of sustaining life. Various groups define pregnancy and abortion-related
terms differently. This can make dialogue and even elementary communication very
difficult.

For a group of people, human life is any living entity that has DNA from the
species Homo sapiens some forms of human life, like ova and spermatozoa, are
generally considered to have little or no value. Others like a newborn or infant is
generally considered to be extremely valuable; their life is important to preserve.

On the other hand, the other group of people thinks that any form of human
life that is also considered a person, and thereby is granted civil rights, including the
right to live. There is a societal consensus that a newborn is a human person. People
disagree about whether a zygote, embryo, or fetus is a human person. People also
have different opinions about the stage at which human life becomes a human person.
This is one of the core disagreements that cause the conflicts over abortion.

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QUESTIONS: 
1. How is abortion defined in the article?
2. How does a group of people define human life?
3. What is the definition of human life by the other group of people?

LETS’TALK!
1. What are the main points of the argument against abortion rights?
2. What are the main points of the argument for abortion rights?
3. What is your personal opinion about abortion?
4. Should we legalize abortion? If so, why? If not, why not?
5. Why do opponents of legalized abortion call themselves "pro-life" while
supporters of legalized abortion call themselves "pro-choice"?
6. What are the cases do you think abortion is allowed to be performed? When is
abortion not allowed?
7. What do you think of doctors who perform abortion?
8. Do you consider abortion as a form of murder? If so, why? If not, why not?
9. What do you think is the difference between aborting an innocent child and
killing a man on the street?
10. Should the church take a stand whether to allow abortion or not?

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LESSON 35
Family First

READING COMPREHENSION:

Once you’ve decided to make family your priority, one of the best ways to
begin building a strong, lasting relationship is to create a joint family mission
statement. Such statements create a compelling visualization of your family’s life
together—what it is, what you want it to be, and how you’ll get there.

Mission statements are important because they help families define their
priorities and the criteria they want to live by. They help family members build
self-awareness as well as awareness of the family as a whole. Mission statements are
also important for couples. Because people grow up with different value systems,
each spouse’s approach to life and personal interaction is different. If a couple doesn’t
agree on a shared set of principles early in their relationship, communication will
break down and eventually lead to problems.

Creating a family mission statement is a strong bonding experience. Yet,

once the mission is complete, it’s vital to keep extending and strengthening your
bonds. Begin by scheduling at least one night a week for a family dinner and
meeting—a time when you sit down together, turn off the phone and TV, and talk.
The meetings are an opportunity for family members to share concerns, to make plans
for family outings and vacations, and to review and discuss elements of the mission
statement.

Here’s Stephen Covey’s 7 Habits of Highly Successful Families:

1. Be proactive. Become an agent of change in your family.

2. Begin with the end in mind. Develop a family mission statement.

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3. Make family a priority in a turbulent world.

4. Think win-win. Move from “me” to “we.”
5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood. Solve family problems through
empathic communication.
6. Synergize. Build family unity by celebrating differences.
7. Sharpen the saw. Renew the family spirit through traditions.

QUESTIONS: 

1. According to the topic, what is the best way to begin building a strong
relationship?
2. Why are mission statements important?

LETS’TALK!

1. What can you say about today’s family values and traditions?
2. Do you think it is really important to have a separate time for the whole
family? Why? Why not?
3. What are the family values that you think should be changed? Why?
4. Do you agree that couples should talk first before getting married on how
they should raise their family? Why?
5. Is it really difficult to raise a family of 4 nowadays?
6. What do you think are the best ways on how you can have “quality time”
with your family?
7. What do you think is the meaning of item number five (5) on Stephen
Covey’s 7 habits?
8. How about explaining further item number three (3)?
9. Are you satisfied with the kind of family you have now?
10. What do you think are other ways to have a stable and strong family
relationship?

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LESSON 36
Employment Discrimination

READING COMPREHENSION:

Employment discrimination has become one of the most prominent areas of

modern litigation. Businesses are sued more often by their employees than by any
other category of litigant -- more than by competitors, customers or regulators. The
great majority of those lawsuits by employees involve the accusation of employment
discrimination. The threat of employment discrimination lawsuits has changed the
nature of the employment relationship and caused employers to implement safeguards,
procedures and technicalities they would have never considered fifty years ago.
Further, discrimination has entered the popular consciousness as a legal concept much
more successfully than many older legal concepts or categories.

Employment discrimination laws seek to prevent discrimination based on

race, sex, religion, national origin, physical disability, and age by employers. There is
also a growing body of law preventing or occasionally justifying employment
discrimination based on sexual orientation. Discriminatory practices include bias in
hiring, promotion, job assignment, termination, compensation, and various types of
harassment. The main body of employment discrimination laws is composed of
federal and state statutes.

An act that prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or

national origin is being implemented. Sex includes pregnancy, childbirth or related
medical conditions. It makes it illegal for employers to discriminate in hiring,
discharging, compensation, or terms, conditions, and privileges of employment.
Employment agencies may not discriminate when hiring or referring applicants. Labor

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Organizations are also prohibited from basing membership or union classifications on

race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

QUESTIONS: 
1. Define employment discrimination.
2. What are the examples of discriminatory practices?
3. What are Labor Organizations prohibited of doing?

LETS’TALK!
1. Do you think employment discrimination exist in different workplaces in your
country? If so, give examples.
2. What do you think are the reasons why some employees are discriminated?
3. Have you ever been discriminated at work? If so, how? What did you do then?
4. What can a person do if he or she has been discriminated in the workplace?
5. Are there particular departments in the company that help the employees who
have been discriminated at work?
6. Does your government do something to prevent discrimination at work?
7. What should be done to employers who discriminate workers?
8. Are women discriminated at work in your country? If so, how?
9. What do women do to prevent themselves from being looked down?
10. Is there any way to prevent discrimination?

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LESSON 37
Endangered Species

READING COMPREHENSION:

An endangered species is a population of organisms which is at risk of

becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing
environmental or predation parameters. Also it could mean that due to deforestation
there may be a lack of food and/or water. The International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) has calculated the percentage of endangered species as 40 percent of
all organisms based on the sample of species that have been evaluated through 2006.

Many nations have laws offering protection to conservation reliance species:

for example, forbidding hunting, restricting land development or creating preserves.
Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and
obtain legal protection. Many more species become extinct, or potentially will become
extinct, without gaining public notice.

The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that

endangered species not living. Many factors are taken into account when assessing the
conservation status of a species; not simply the number remaining, but the overall
increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, known
threats, and so on.

QUESTIONS:
1. What are endangered species?
2. What are the laws offering protection for the species?
3. What are the factors taken when assessing the conservation status of a species?

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LETS’TALK!
1. What is your opinion about using animals for scientific research or study?
2. Do you think people should be allowed to keep (wild) animals in cages or as
pets?
3. What are the dangers of human beings interacting with animals?
4. Who do you think is most responsible for the protection of the wild animals?
5. What is the best way to teach children about wild animals?’
6. Do you think it’s a good idea to use animals for research?
7. What would you do if you discovered a wild animal from your neighbor?

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LESSON 38
French as a Second Language

READING COMPREHENSION:

While any language will be useful for some jobs or for some regions, French
is the only foreign language that can be useful throughout the world as well as in the
United States. French as a foreign language is the second most frequently taught
language in the world after English. The International Organization of Francophone
has 56 member states and governments. Of these, 28 countries have French as an
official language. French is the only language other than English spoken on five
continents. French and English are the only two global languages.

When deciding on a foreign language for work or school, consider that

French is the language that will give you the most choices later on in your studies or
your career. French, along with English, is the official working language of the United
Nations, UNESCO, and NATO, Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), the International Labor Bureau, the International Olympic
Committee, the 31-member Council of Europe, the European Community, the
Universal Postal Union, the International Red Cross, Union of International
Associations (UIA). French is the dominant working language at the European Court
of Justice, the European Tribunal of First Instance and the Press Room at the
European Commission in Brussels, Belgium.

One example of the importance of French can be seen in a recent listing of

international jobs. Of the various types of professional positions for which
international organizations recruit, four required French, two Spanish, and one Arabic,
according to the fact sheet released by the Bureau of International Organization
Affairs of the U.S. Department of State (November 2009).

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QUESTIONS:

1. What are the two global languages?

2. What organizations or associations that uses the language French?
3. What is the other importance of French language?

LETS’ TALK!

1. What is the most common second language people used in your country?
Why?
2. When do you think is a good age to start learning a new language?
3. What are the advantages/disadvantages of learning a new language at a young
age?
4. What language(s) would you most like to learn? Why?
5. How is a second language helpful to your children's future?
6. What do you think are the best methods for learning a new language?
7. Why do you think learning a new language is important?
8. How can you help someone learn a new language?
9. Do you know someone who speaks a second language? Would you
recommend that they need to learn another language? Why?

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LESSON 39

Overcoming Procrastination

READING COMPREHENSION:

Procrastination or "task aversion" is the irrational delay of an intended course

of action, even while expecting to be worse off for the delay. The procrastinator
deviates from the task, usually in favor of another more enjoyable or less unenjoyable
activity. This behavior is pervasive throughout society - everyone procrastinates to
some degree - but some people are so chronically affected as to be severely
debilitated.

Procrastination is typically caused by the association of pain or discomfort

with the prospective course of action; that is: stress. This may be physical (such as
that experienced during hard labor or vigorous exercise) or psychological (such as in
the form of frustration or anxiety). The task or the situation requiring the task may be
perceived as dangerous, painful, overwhelming, difficult, tedious, uncomfortable, or
boring; basically, unenjoyable; that is: stressful. Once made habitual, procrastination
can be triggered at any time. Procrastination can also be a symptom of a serious
psychiatric disorder such as depression or ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder), and may be greatly reduced when the underlying condition is properly
treated.

Traditionally, in the field of psychology, procrastination has been associated

with perfectionism (a tendency to negatively evaluate one's own performance).
However, research indicates that perfectionists are not any more likely to
procrastinate, though they feel worse about it when they put things off.

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QUESTIONS: 

1. Define procrastination.
2. How is stress related to procrastination?
3. Is procrastination a symptom of a serious psychiatric disorder?

 
LETS’ TALK!

1. Do you procrastinate? If so, how often do you do so? If not, why not?
2. What are the reasons why people procrastinate?
3. What do you think are the disadvantages of procrastination?
4. Do you know someone who does not procrastinate?
5. Do you always want to do and finish things fast?
6. Have you ever felt very regretful because you procrastinated?
7. What good things do you think will happen if you don’t procrastinate?
8. Do you think it is possible for you to be a perfectionist? Why do you think so?
9. What do you think are the good effects of being a perfectionist?
10. Do you know someone who is a perfectionist? Describe him or her.

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LESSON 40

Life Expectancy in Asia

READING COMPREHENSION:

Pakistan and Nepal are the only countries in Asia where women cannot
expect to live longer than men. According to a new report entitled ‘The Future
Population in Asia,’ issued by the East-West Centre, Honolulu, while life expectancy
at birth, one of the basic indicators of health and well-being, is improving all across
Asia, longevity still varies widely. Survival is generally lowest in South Asia and
highest in East Asia. By 2000, women could expect to live longer than men, on
average, in every major country of the region except Nepal and Pakistan. The report
says in societies where women live longer than men, improvements in women’s life
expectancy come at a cost. As widows live into old age, issues of financial support
and medical care become critical for families and national governments alike.

Among South Asian families with limited resources, boys often receive more
food compared with girls, and get better care to prevent diseases and accidents, and
better treatment when they fall ill. In India, boys are breast-fed slightly longer than
girls, and they are slightly more likely to be fully vaccinated. When girls become ill,
they are less likely to be taken to a health facility for treatment, and girls also are
more likely to be severely undernourished.

According to the report, even in countries where child health care is generally
good, death rates may be higher for girls. In the late 1980s, Chinese families enjoyed
nearly universal health care, and mortality among children ages one to four was fewer
than 25 per 1,000. Among firstborn children, the mortality rate was similar for both
sexes, but among second-born and subsequent children, child mortality was 15
percent higher for girls.

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QUESTIONS:

1. What are the countries in Asia where women cannot expect to live longer?
2. Why the girls in India cannot live longer than men?
3. What country has the lower percentage in mortality rates for women?

LETS’TALK!

1. What is the life expectancy rate in your country? For men / women?
2. As people live longer, what difficulties do they face?
3. What challenges must society face when dealing with a growing elderly
population?
4. Who has the primary responsibility to care for senior citizens?
5. Who will take care of your parents (or grandparents) when they can no longer
care for themselves?
6. When you get older, to whom you would want to stay? Why or why not?
7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living alone when you get
older?
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living with your children when
you get older?
9. When you get older, do you agree to be taken care in a nursing home/ home
for the aged? Why or why not?

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