MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
FIELD MANUAL

FIELD WORK NO.2

COURSE AND SECTION: CE120-2-0F / A2

SUBMITTED BY: Orejudos, Allyssa Jane B.

NAME: Orejudos, Allyssa Jane B. STUDENT NO.: 2017142252

SUBMITTED TO:

PROFESSOR: Professor Reguindin

GRADE
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction 1

II. Objectives 2

III. Instrument 3

IV. Procedures and Computations 6

V. Question and Problems 9

VI. Attachment of PDS 11

VII. Final Data Sheet 12

VIII. Result and Discussion 16

IX. Conclusion 17
I. INTROUDUCTION

In this field of work, taping on level ground will be conducted as another

method of measuring the distance. Taping involves at least 2 or three people to

conduct an experiment which could also help avoid any gap for the surveying. The

total distance of the tape that will be calculated through out the field work is 10-

meter long tape distance which will be measured again by 3-meter tape distance

for the taping. The materials that are necessary for this are tape measure, masking

tape, chalk or marker. The field work will be about testing one’s accuracy on using

taping to measure the distance of one point to another point. On the other hand,

taping is also another method relied on in measuring distances if there are no

equipment or tools available for measuring the distance.

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II. OBJECTIVES

1. To develop true skills of taping the distance on a level ground where the

tape is fully supported by the ground.

2. To acquire the skills of taping the distance on an uneven ground where the

tape is only supported at the ends.

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III. INSTRUMENTS

1. Chalk

- It is useful for marking the

distance desired for break

taping.

2. Masking tape

- Due to the area’s floor within our

premises, Chalk is not applicable

on marking the distance and

there are no chain pins available.

With this the tape served as the

marker for each distance and a

replacement for the range poles.

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3. Plumb Bobs (2)

- It is usually used for creating a reference

line. This is a weighted tool linked to a

thread-like which supports it to make a

vertical or horizontal line (this was not used

in field work).

4. Range poles (2)

- In this field work, range poles were not

used due to lack of accessibility. In

replacement, I have used a masking tape

to mark both starting ang end point of the

10-meter distance. However, range poles

is used for assigning the two end points of

the distance to be measured and to serve

as a guide to surveyors to do the taping

on a straight line (this was not used in the

field work).

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5. Steel tape

- Steel tape is mostly accurate on

determining the distance of a location.

It is often used by engineers in

surveying.

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IV. PROCEDURES AND COMPUTATIONS

1. The professor assigns the accessible and unobstructed course to be measured

by the student on a level ground by about 300-400paces.

2. The Chief of Party marks the end points by a chalk if it is on a pavement or by

a 3’’ common wire nail (c.w nail) if it is on soft ground and designates it as end

points A and B.

3. A range pole man holds the pole vertically and steadily during the entire taping

procedure at B to keep the complete taping process aligned and straightened.

4. A 10-meter tape is stretched out on the ground on the straight path along A to

B where the 0-end is held ahead. (Note: 0-end is nearer B than A). The rear

tape man is responsible for giving the signal to the front tape man if his path is

straight while the front tapeman is responsible to pull the tape taut once the

tape is aligned already.

5. The front tapeman gets a pin and sticks it vertically in the ground exactly

opposite the 0-meter mark of tape.

6. Rear tapeman holds 1 pin and the rest of the pins (10 pins) are held by front

tapeman.

7. Both the front and the rear tapeman lift simultaneously the tape and move

forward along the line AB to measure the next tape length. By now the rear tape

man holds 1 marking pin which signifies one tape length.

8. The procedure 4-6 is repeated to complete the next tape length measurement.

Make sure that the rear tapeman pulls the pin before lifting the tape to move on

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 the next tape length. The rear tapeman holds 2 marking pins to connote 2 tape

lengths have been measured.

9. Repeat the same process until all the pins being held by the front tapeman have

been used up which signifies one tally (1 tally=10 tape lengths). After a tally

has been accomplished, the rear tapeman returns all the 10 pins to the front

tapeman to proceed in measuring the length of the course. (it is suggested that

the rear tapeman or the recorder tallies in the field computation sheet provided

the number of one complete round) Note: One round is when all the ten pins

are now being held by the rear tapeman).

10. Repeat the same procedure if more than one tally is needed.

11. Upon reaching point B the partial length must be measured accurately up to

centimeters by the rear tapeman while the front tapeman is holding the 0-mark

at B and both of them are holding the tape taut.

12. The number of small pebbles in the rear tapeman’s pocket now indicates the

number of tallies made and the number of pins in his possession indicates the

number of additional tapelenghts. This is recorded in the field computation

sheet provided.

13. The course is measure back and forth to the complete the number of trials

required by the professor.

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COMPUTATIONS

A. Computation of an unknown distance.

The number of tallies equivalent to the number of chalk marks being held by the

rear tape-an, and the number of chalk marks is the number of tape lengths. Multiply

the number of tallies by ten (10) and add it to the number of pins. The sum is then

multiplied by the length of one tape length and then added to the last partial tape

length to get the length of course AB.

𝑁𝑜. 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 = (𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠) ∗10 + 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑘 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 = (𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠) 𝑥 (𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒

𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ) + 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝e

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V. QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1. What are the different sources of taping errors?

In this field of work, there are limited instruments which we could used as a

requirement to the field work. The different sources of error are the

placement of tape for every desired distance until it reach the desired end

point, tape is not in standard length, performed by only one person which

does not help in determining the desired distance, and temperature which

affects the surveyor.

2. Discuss the different ways to lessen them or fully eliminate taping errors.

First, the taping must be aligned well in a straight line to avoid any

miscalculations on taping, Second, if there are people that can or could

assist, perform the field work with at least 2 or 3 people so there could be a

front man, rear tapeman, and pole man. Third, it is important to mark every

tape distance precisely. Lastly, also consider the status of the area or the

weather on the site.

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3. What is the total length of the course XY if the rear tape-man holds exactly

holds 9 pebbles and 3 pins after measuring the course XY? Assume that one

tape length is equivalent to 30m.

1 tally = 10 tape length

1 pin =1 tape length

1 pebble = 1 tally

1 tape length = 30 meters

1 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 10 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 1 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

= 93 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ (30 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠) = 2790.0000 = 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟎. 𝟎𝟎 𝒎

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VI. ATTACHMENT OF PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET

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VII. FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELD WORK 2 TAPING ON LEVEL AND ON UNEVEN GROUND

DATE: 08/26/2020 GROUP NO: 2

TIME: 12:45 p.m. LOCATION: HOUSE

WEATHER: SUNNY PROFESSOR: PROF. REGUINDIN

1. TAPING ON LEVEL GROUND

Trial Line Number Number Partial Tape Distance Mean

of Tally of Pins length (m) Computed Distance

(m)

1 AB 0 3 1.11 10.11

2 BA 0 3 1.05 10.05 10.0833

3 AB 0 3 1.10 10.10

COMPUTATIONS

10.11 + 10.05 + 10.10

𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 #1: 3𝑚 (0 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦) + 3𝑚 (3 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) + 1.11 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝒎

𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 #2: 3𝑚 (0 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦) + 3𝑚 (3 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) + 1.05 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒎

𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 #1: 3𝑚 (0 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦) + 3𝑚 (3 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) + 1.10 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝒎

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 2. TAPING ON AN IRREGULAR GROUND

Trial Line Number Number Partial Tape Distance Mean

of Tally of Pins length Computed Distance

N/A

N/A

N/A

COMPUTATIONS

SKETCH

Figure 1. Measuring 10-meter distance before doing the taping on a ground level.

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Figure 2. Measuring 3-meter tape distance within 10-meter tape length.

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Figure 3. This were the markings on the floor that serves as the 3 pins in a 10-meter

distance.

SIGNATURE OF STUDENT

SIGNATURE OF PROFESSOR

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VIII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

There were three trials performed in the part 1: taping on level ground of

field work. The instruments used for the whole field work are steel tape, marker,

and masking tape due to lack of accessibility on other instruments. Moving on with

the data, for each trials the number of tallies, number of pins, partial tape length,

distance computed, and mean of the distance were known. The tape distance used

for the field work is 10 meters. Within 10-meter tape distance, 3-meter length will

be measured for determining the point of pins and its number enclosed with 10-

meter tape distance. For the data, there are 0 tally and 3 pins per trial. Partial tape

length was known through the distance that were not able to reach a 3-meter

distance. With this, the partial tape distance known per trial are: trial 1 has a 1.11

meters, trial 2 has 1.05 meters, and trial 3 has 1.10 meters. Distance was

computed through multiplying 3 meters with numbers of tallies added by the

product of 3 meters and number of pins per trial and also added by the known

distance for partial tape length per trial. For each trial, the distance computed are

10.11m, 10.05m, and 10.10m. The mean was then known by adding the computed

distance for each trial divided by the number of trials. With this, the measured tape

distance 10-meters, the computed value for the mean distance and computed

distance signifies the errors on taping.

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IX. CONCLUSION

Taping requires skills and careful readings and calculation for an accurate

data. I have learned that in taping, we must consider the alignment of taping,

weather, and asking for assistance to carefully conduct the field work. After

conducting the field work, I have somehow acquired skills in taping. I consider the

area or location’s state, availability of the instruments, and carefully reading the

distance with the use of tape measure. This method for determining the distance

is a lot harder compared with the determining distance through one’s pace.

However, I have noticed that this process is more accurate on determining a

distance because it contains measurements using tape measure while pacing uses

the method of walking which a person could not be uniform with other surveyors.

This is due to that they could differ from their speed in walking and distance per

stride.

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