PART I.
BASIC INFORMATION
I. Title of the Project: Production Performance of Native Chicken (Gallus gallus
domesticus) Under Different Production Systems and Using On-station Feed
Alternatives in Feeding
II. RESEARCHER’S PROFILE:
Last First Designatio
M.I. Agency Cellphone # e-mail Address
Name Name n
DA-
Simene Cherlie A. SRS II 09175118445
RCHD
Ma.
DA-
Soriano June V. RA 09565345006 mjevs9soriano@gmail.com
RCHD
Emily
DA-
Tatoy Berly F. ACC III
RCHD
III. Implementing Agency: Department of Agriculture – Research Center for Hillyland
Development
IV. Funding Agency:
V. Project Location/Study Site:
Region Province Municipality
Region 10 Misamis Oriental Lanise
VI. Project Duration
Current Status
Date of Start End Date Duration
(Yearly)
VII. Sector: ANIMALS
VIII. Total Approved Budget
IX. Actual Release Budget
X. Actual Expenditures
XI. Budget Requirements
INTRODUCTION
Philippine native chicken is common fowl found in the backyards of most rural
households. It is a mixture of different breeds and believed to have descended from the
domesticated red jungle fowl. It is estimated that 54.74% of the total chicken population of the
country are Native Chicken. The raising of native chicken is an integral part of farming systems
of the Filipino farmers as they are the main source of eggs and meat for backyard farmers
(UPLB, 2010).
Native chickens are well known for their adaptability to local agro-climatic conditions,
hardiness, ability to utilize farm-by-products and resistance to diseases. Moreover, they require
minimal care, management and inputs. Meat and eggs of native chickens are preferred by many
Filipinos over the same products from commercial poultry because of their taste, leanness,
pigmentation and suitability to Filipino special dishes. Moreover, native chicken meat and eggs
are priced higher than those coming from commercial poultry.
Government intervention in rural poultry development in the Philippines is relatively
inadequate compared to food crops and ruminant and swine production. Although it could be
described that the development of commercial poultry production is going upward and
modernized, it is concentrated to affluent commercial poultry raisers (Datuin et al., 2019).
Native chickens are typically raised under free-range production system in the
Philippines. According to Datuin et al. (2019), native chickens are usually poor in growth and
feed efficiency since they are usually left unattended, and scavengers of scarce feeds available
in the yard or neighborhood due to no practical and innovative production system. Based on
another study by Chen et al. (2017), it was observed that low egg production occurs in native
chickens because the follicle of the native chickens in the ovary takes more days to form a yolk,
the clutch length is shorter, while the time interval between consecutive eggs in a clutch is
longer and the period of paused laying is longer.
Due to this, semi intensive farming is believed to be the better system than the traditional
free-range farming system. Semi intensive farming is a way to raise chicken in a small fence
space with routine feeding, thus the growth of the poultry can be observed. On the contrary, in
the traditional free-range system, the chicken is raised freely without any cage and routine
feeding, therefore semi intensive native chicken farming is able to produce meat and eggs more
than traditional ones (Datuin et al., 2019)
This study will evaluate the production performance of native chickens fed with on
station feed substitute (i.e. corn, legumes, garden leftovers and sorghum) and raised under
barn-type housing system and collapsible shed type system. The result of the study could
provide helpful information to the native chicken raisers, particularly to back-yard farmers who
utilizes on-farm feed substitute in order to help lower feed cost and increase their profitability.
Objectives of the Study
Generally, the study will be conducted to evaluate the production performance of native
chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) under different production systems and using on-station feed
alternatives in feeding.
Specifically, the study aims to:
1. Determine the profitability of native chicken raised under different production systems
and using on-station feed alternatives in feeding;
2. Evaluate the potential of different production systems and on-station feed alternatives in
the production performance of native chicken; and
3. Develop package of technology.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Economic Importance of Native Chicken
Rural poultry farming using native breeds is being practiced in many developing and
underdeveloped countries throughout the world. Indigenous/native breeds of chickens are
playing an important role in rural economies in most of the developing and underdeveloped
countries. They play a major role for the rural poor and marginalized section of the people with
respect to their subsidiary income and also provide them with nutritious chicken egg and meat
for their own consumption. Performance of native fowl can be improved by change in
husbandry, feeding, and better health cover. Chickens in developing countries have more
diverse use and benefits to household. The use of native chicken in tropics varies from region to
region and from community to community within a region. In the tropics small land holders keep
chickens for their socio religious functions. This is because the commitment of an
individual/community to a particular spiritual being, deity or season, and traditional and/or
religious festivals is evaluated by the quality of the offering that satisfies special morphological
features of the chicken demanded by the receiver. Regardless of low output from native chicken
in the tropics they can thrive and produce with irregular supply of feed and water and with
minimum healthcare. They are part of balanced farming system and have vital roles in the rural
households as a source of high quality animal protein and emergency cash income and play a
significant role in the sociocultural life of the rural community. Though local chickens are slow
grower and poor layers of small sized eggs they are, however, ideal mothers and good sitters
excellent foragers, and hardy and possess natural immunity against common diseases (Padhi,
2016).
Feed Resources in Semi Intensive Production System for Native Chicken
Under the semi-intensive system, all the nutrients required by the birds must be provided
in the feed, usually in the form of a balanced feed purchased from a feed mill. As these are
often expensive and difficult to obtain, smallholders use either unconventional feedstuffs or
“dilute’ the commercial feed by supplementing it with grain by-products (which supply energy
and some protein). A well-balanced feed however is difficult achieve, as grains and plant protein
sources (the by-products of a few oil seeds) are becoming increasingly unavailable for livestock,
and premixed trace minerals and vitamins are usually too expensive for smallholders.
Phosphorus and calcium can be obtained from ashed (burnt and crushed) bones; and calcium
snail shells, fresh or seawater shellfish shells, or limestone deposits. Salt to supply sodium can
come from evaporated seawater or land-based rock salt deposits. These minerals sources are
rarely used. Feed provided for birds kept under this system is therefore of a much poorer quality
(unbalanced by dilution with crop by-products) than under either the extensive or fully intensive
system. (Sonaiya, 2014)
Nutritive Value of Corn to Native Chickens
Nutritive Value of Sorghum to Native Chickens
Nutritive Value of Legumes to Native Chickens
METHODOLOGY
Location and Date
LITERATURE CITED
Padhi, Mahendra Kumar (2019) Importance of Indigenous Breeds of Chicken for
Rural Economy and Their Improvements for Higher Production
Performance, Volume 2016, Retrieved on 18 August 2020 at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300088567_Importance_of_Indigenous_Breed
s_of_Chicken_for_Rural_Economy_and_Their_Improvements_for_Higher_Production_P
erformance
Sonaiya, E.B., S.E.J. Swan (2014) Small-Scale Poultry Production, Technical Guide, Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Retrieved on 18 August 2020 at
http://www.fao.org
