Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Numericals

Semester VII
Subject Code Subject Name Credits

CE-C702 Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation 05
Teaching Scheme
Contact Hours Credits Assigned
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorials Total
04 02 -- 04 01 -- 05
Evaluation Scheme
Theory Term Work/ Total
Practical/Oral
Internal Assessment End Duration of TW PR OR
Test 1 Test 2 Average Sem End Sem
Exam Exam
20 20 20 80 04 25 -- 25 150
Rationale
Any structure, i.e., building, bridge, dam etc. consists of various building materials. Due to
rise in the cost of materials, the structure has to be designed so that it is safe, serviceable and
economical. Without proper design and estimation, it may lead to the increase in cost of
construction and it further affects the economical aspect of the structure. A prior knowledge
of various building materials is required for the construction and it controls the cost of the
structure, save wastage of labour-hours and eventually helps in giving the correct amount
required and quantity of various materials required. It also helps in scheduling of men,
materials and machine to be used in the project at stages. The scope of the subject includes
estimating, costing, analysis of rates, specification, valuation, tender and contracts etc.
Objectives
 To read, understand and interpret plans, sections, detailed drawings and specifications
for a construction project.
16
 To study the various methods of detailed and approximate estimates.
 To emphasize the importance of relevant IS: 1200- 1964 codes and relevant Indian
Standard specifications, taking out quantities from the given requirements of the
work, and drafting specifications.
 To conduct a material and labour survey to understand the current market rates for the
various materials required for construction and the different categories of labour
required.
 To perform the rate analysis for various items: standard and non-standard and the use
of DSR in this process.
 To study the process of tendering and its various stages, various types of contracts, its
suitability and validity as per the Indian Contract Act of 1872 and draft various
clauses and conditions of a contract.
 To study the arbitration process.
 To study assessment of the value of a property.
Detailed Syllabus
Module Sub-Modules/ Contents Periods

I. Estimates: 18
Various types, their relative importance, factors to be considered, 14
complete set of Estimate. Approximate estimates: importance,
purpose, different methods. Use of CBRI Equations for the same.
Methods of preparation of estimates for projects such as:
i) Building R.C.C., Load bearing
ii) Road
iii) Cross drainage work
iv) Factory shed including steel truss
II. Measurements for various items: 06
Use of relevant Indian Standard Specifications for the same, taking
out quantities from the given requirements of the work, comparison of
different alternatives, Bar bending schedules, Mass haul Diagrams
III. Material survey: 05
Approximate estimates of requirement of various materials for
17
building works, percentage breakup of the cost, cost
sensitive index, market survey of basic materials
IV. Specifications: 03
Types, requirements and importance, detailing of specifications for
various items
V. Rate analysis: 06
Purpose, importance and necessity of the same, factors affecting, task
work.
VI. Tender: 06
Preparation of tender documents, importance of inviting tenders,
contract types, relative merits, prequalification. general and special
conditions, termination of contracts, extra work and items, penalty and
liquidated charges, Settlement of disputes, R.A. Bill and Final Bill,
Payment of advance , insurance, claims, price variation, etc.
VII. Valuation: 08
Different terms used the role of a valuer, purpose and necessity of the
same. Capitalized Value, Years purchase,sinking fund, depreciation,
types of values, Purpose of valuation.
Different methods of valuation for
1. open plots.
2. open plots with existing residential and commercial structures
3. lease hold properties
Use of valuation tables and formulae
Contribution to Outcomes
At the end of this course, the students will be able to:

 Read, understand and interpret plans, sections, detailed drawings and specifications
for a construction project.
 Prepare approximate and detailed estimates based on the quantity survey of the
available general and detailed drawings.
 Draft specifications, make bar bending schedules and draw mass haul diagrams.
18
 Haveknowledge about the current market rates for labour and material required for
construction, perform rate analysis and compare with DSR.
 Draft tenders, prepare valid contract documents.
 Understand the process of arbitration.
 Understand the role of a valuer and assess the value of a property.
Theory examination:
1. Question paper will comprise of six questions; each carrying 20 marks.
2. The first question will be compulsory which will have the short questions having
weightage of 4-5 marks covering the entire syllabus.
3. The remaining five questions will be based on all the modules of entire syllabus. For
this, the module shall be divided proportionately further, and the weightage of the
marks shall be judiciously awarded in proportion to the importance of the sub-module
or contents thereof.
4. There can be an internal choice in various sub-questions/ questions in order to
accommodate the questions on all the topics/ sub-topics.
5. The students will have to attempt any three questions out of remaining five questions.
6. Total four questions need to be attempted.
Oral Examination:
The oral examination will be based on the entire syllabus and the term work.
Term Work:
The term work shall consist of the following:
1. An approximate estimate of a multistoried building by approximate method.
2. Detailed estimate of any four of the following with the required material survey for
the same.
a) a single storeyed building (RCC)
b) a bridge with minimum 2 spans
c) a factory building
d) a road work
e) a cross drainage work
f) a load bearing structure
19
3. Valuation report in a standard format of the Government/ Private company/Firm.
4. Assignments on rate analysis, market survey, specifications and simple estimates.
5. Detailed estimate of a minor structure.
6. Bar bending schedule.
The use of quantity survey software and the use of worksheets / databases while solving some
of the afore-mentioned assignments is desirable.
Distribution of Term Work Marks:

The marks of the term-work shall be judiciously awarded depending upon the quality of the
term work including that of the report on assignments. The final certification and acceptance
of the term-work warrants the satisfactory and the appropriate completion of the assignments;
and the minimum passing marks to be obtained by the students. The following weightage of
marks shall be given for different components of the term work.
 Assignments : 20 Marks
 Attendance : 05 Marks
Further, while giving weightage of marks on the attendance, following guidelines shall be
resorted to.
75%- 80%: 03 Marks; 81%- 90%: 04 Marks; 91% onwards: 05 Marks
Recommended Books:
1. Estimating, Costing Specifications and Valuation: Chakraborty, M., Kolkata.
2. Building and Engineering Contracts: Patil, B. S., University Press, Hyderabad.
3. Estimating and costing: Datta, B. N., UBS Publications
4. Relevant Indian Standard Specifications, BIS Publications
5. World Bank approved contract documents
20
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar Topic : Approximate Estimate
Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation
9/12/14
Prepare an Approximate estimate for (G+4) R.C.C Building. Building consist
1 2. 10 M
of Six Flats on each floor and each flat has carpet area of 110 m Assume Area
occupied by wall and column as 10% of Built up area and area of circulation as
/ 2
20% of built up area. Assume cost of construction as Rs 10000 m
Item Quantity Unit

Data: Floors 5 Nos
No. of Flats 6 Nos
Carpet Area/Flat : 110 m2
Total Carpet area: (5x6x110) 3300 m2
Rate of Superstructure: 10000 Rs./ M2
Carpet Area + Horizontal Circulation Area + Vertical Circulation area

Plinth Area =
+Area Occupied by walls and columns
Horizontal Circulation Area: 15% Plinth Area

: 0.15 x P.A.
Vertical Circulation Area: 5% Plinth Area
: 0.05 x P.A.
Area occupied by walls and columns: 10% Plinth Area
0.10 x P.A.
1 PA: Carpet Area+ 0.15 x P.A. + 0.05 x P.A. + 0.10 x P.A.

0.7 PA: 3300
1 PA: 4714.286 m2
Avg. Cost of Construction of Superstructure: 4714.285714 x 10000

: 47,142,857.14 Rs/-
Avg. Cost of Construction of Foundation: 20% x Cost of Superstructure

: 20% x 47,142,857.14
: 9,428,571.43 Rs/-
Cost of Construction = Cost of Construction of Sub Structure + Cost of Construction of Superstructure
Cost of Construction: 56,571,428.57 Rs/-
Add For Services

Water Supply 5% 2,828,571.43 Rs/-
Sanitation 5% 2,828,571.43 Rs/-
Electrification 9% 5,091,428.57 Rs/-
Architectural 1% 565,714.29 Rs/-
others 5% 2,828,571.43 Rs/-
Total cost for Services 14,142,857.14
Overall cost = Cost of Construction + Cost for Services

Overall Cost of Building: 70,714,285.71 Rs/-
Add for Contengency: 5% x 70,714,285.71

3,535,714.29 Rs/-
Work Charge Est: 10% x 70,714,285.71

7,071,428.57 Rs/-
Grand Total = Overall Cost + Contengencies + Work Charged Establishment
Grand Total: 81,321,428.57 Rs/-
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar - Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Topic : Approximate Estimate
4/6/14 Prepare an Approximate estimate for (G+10) Storeyed residential building to

be constructed in newly developing suburbs of Mumbai. The building
2 10 M
comprises of 5 flats per floor, each flat measuring 140 m2. Assume the Suitable
data.
2
Consider Rate of Superstructure: 8000/ M
Item Quantity Unit
Data: Floors 11 Nos
No. of Flats 5 Nos
2
Carpet Area/Flat : 140 m
2
Total Carpet area: (11x5x140) 7700 m

Plinth Area =

: 0.15 x P.A.
: 0.05 x P.A.
0.10 x P.A.
0.7 PA: 7700
1 PA: 11000 m2
Avg. Cost of Construction of Superstructure: 11000 x 8000

: 88,000,000.00 Rs/-

: 20% x 88,000,000.00
: 17,600,000.00 Rs/-
Cost of Construction : Cost of Construction of Super Structure + Cost of Super Structure
Cost of Construction: 105,600,000.00 Rs/-
Add For Services

Water Supply 5% 5,280,000.00 Rs/-
Sanitation 5% 5,280,000.00 Rs/-
Architectural 1% 1,056,000.00 Rs/-
others 5% 5,280,000.00 Rs/-
Total cost for Services 26,400,000.00


6,600,000.00 Rs/-
Work Charge Est: 10% x 132,000,000.00

13,200,000.00 Rs/-
Grand Total: 151,800,000.00 Rs/-
11/12/13
Prepare an Approximate estimate for (G+1) Storeyed RCC Row house having
3 total carpet area of 90 m2./ floor. Consider cost of construction of 8M
superstructure = 7500/ m2.Assume the Suitable data.
Item Quantity Unit

Data: Floors 2 Nos
No. of Flats 1 Nos
2
2
Total Carpet area: (2x1x90) 180 m
2
Rate of Superstructure: 7500 Rs./ M

Plinth Area =

: 0.15 x P.A.
: 0.05 x P.A.
0.10 x P.A.
0.7 PA: 180.000
1 PA: 257.143 m2

: 1,928,571.43 Rs/-

: 20% x 1,928,571.43
: 385,714.29 Rs/-
Cost of Construction : Cost of Construction of Super Structure + Cost of Super Structure
Total Cost of Construction: 2,314,285.71 Rs/-
Add For Services

Water Supply 5% 115,714.29 Rs/-
Sanitation 5% 115,714.29 Rs/-
Electrification 9% 208,285.71 Rs/-
others 5% 115,714.29 Rs/-
Total cost for Services 578,571.43 Rs/-


144,642.86 Rs/-
Work Charge Est: 10% x 2,892,857.14

289,285.71 Rs/-
Grand Total: 3,326,785.71 Rs/-
27/5/2013
Prepare an Approximate estimate for (G+3) RCC Framed residential building
4 to be constructed in Central Mumbai. The building comprises of 6 flats per 10 M
2.
floor havin carpet area 80 m Assume the Suitable data.
Consider Rate of Superstructure: 8000/ M2

Item Quantity Unit
Data: Floors 4 Nos
No. of Flats 6 Nos
2
Total Carpet area: (4x6x80) 1920 m2

Plinth Area =

: 0.15 x P.A.
: 0.05 x P.A.
0.10 x P.A.
0.7 PA: 1920
1 PA: 2742.857 m2

: 21,942,857.14 Rs/-

: 20% x 21,942,857.14
: 4,388,571.43 Rs/-
Cost of Construction : Cost of Construction of Super Structure + Super Structure
Add For Services

Water Supply 5% 1,316,571.43 Rs/-
Sanitation 5% 1,316,571.43 Rs/-
others 5% 1,316,571.43 Rs/-
Total cost for Services 6,582,857.14 Rs/-


1,645,714.29 Rs/-
Work Charge Est: 10% x 32,914,285.71

3,291,428.57 Rs/-
Grand Total: 37,851,428.57 Rs/-
Prepare an preliminary estimate for the student hostel (Load bearing

5 2.
Structure) with capacity of 500 Students having carpet area of 2 m / Student. 10 M
Assume the Suitable data.
2
Consider Rate of Superstructure: 6500/ M
Item Quantity Unit
Data: No of Students 500 Nos
Carpet Area/Student : 2 m2
Total Carpet area: (500x2) 1000 m2

Plinth Area =

: 0.15 x P.A.
: 0.05 x P.A.
0.15 x P.A.
0.65 PA: 1000.00
1 PA: 1538.46 m2

: 10,000,000.00 Rs/-

: 20% x 10,000,000.00
: 2,000,000.00 Rs/-
Add For Services

others 5% 600,000.00 Rs/-


750,000.00 Rs/-
Work Charge Est: 10% x 15,000,000.00

1,500,000.00 Rs/-

Grand Total: 17,250,000.00 Rs/-
Prepare an preliminary estimate for the School building (Load bearing

6 Structure) with capacity of 600 Students having carpet area of 1.2 m2./ 10 M
Student. Assume the Suitable data.
Consider Rate of Superstructure: 6500/ M2
Item Quantity Unit
Data: No of Students 600 Nos
2
Carpet Area/Student : 1.2 m
Total Carpet area: (600x1.2) 720 m2
2
Rate of Superstructure: 6500 Rs./ M

Plinth Area =

: 0.15 x P.A.
: 0.05 x P.A.
0.15 x P.A.
0.65 PA: 720.000
1 PA: 1107.692 m2

: 7,200,000.00 Rs/-

: 20% x 7,200,000.00
: 1,440,000.00 Rs/-
Add For Services

Electrification 9% 777,600.00 Rs/-
others 5% 432,000.00 Rs/-


540,000.00 Rs/-
Work Charge Est: 10% x 10,800,000.00

1,080,000.00 Rs/-
Grand Total: 12,420,000.00 Rs/-
7 Prepare an preliminary estimate for the R.C.C building with Plot Area 20m x 08 M
2
30 m. Plot has FSI of 2.5. Assume rate of construction as 7000 Rs/m .
Plot Area 20 x 30
Data: FSI 2.5
Rate of Superstructure: 7000 Rs/m2
F.S.I: Maximum Buildable area

Plot Area
2.5 : Maximum Buildable area

600
Maximum Buildable Area: 1500 m2

: 10,500,000.00 Rs/-

: 20% x 10,500,000.00
: 2,100,000.00 Rs/-
Add For Services

others 5% 630,000.00 Rs/-


787,500.00 Rs/-
Work Charge Est: 10% x 15,750,000.00

1,575,000.00 Rs/-
Grand Total: 18,112,500.00 Rs/-
Prepare an preliminary estimate for the R.C.C building with Plot Area 30m x
8 08 M
40 m. Plot has FSI of 2. Assume rate of construction as 7000 Rs/m2 .
Plot Area 30 x 40
Data: FSI 2
2
Rate of Superstructure: 7000 Rs/m
F.S.I: Maximum Buildable area

Plot Area
2: Maximum Buildable area

1200
2
Maximum Buildable Area: 2400 m

: 16,800,000.00 Rs/-

: 20% x 16,800,000.00
: 3,360,000.00 Rs/-
Add For Services

Water Supply 5% 1,008,000.00 Rs/-
Sanitation 5% 1,008,000.00 Rs/-
others 5% 1,008,000.00 Rs/-


1,260,000.00 Rs/-
Work Charge Est: 10% x 25,200,000.00

2,520,000.00 Rs/-
Grand Total: 28,980,000.00 Rs/-
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar – Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation

Q.1 Length of Centre line
a. Main wall
Centre to Centre length of Horizontal wall
= ( 0.3
2
+ 4.3 + 0.3 + 2.6 + 0.3 + 3.3 +
0.3
2
)x 2 + (
0.3
2
+ 4.3 +
0.3
2
) + (
0.3
2
+ 6.2 +
0.3
2
) +
0.3 0.3
( 2 + 2.6 + 2
)
= 36.2 m
Centre to Centre Length of Vertical Wall
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

=( 2
+ 3.5 + 2
)x 4 + ( 2
+ 5.2 + 2
)x 2 + ( 2
+ 2.5 + 2
)
= 29 m
Total length = 36.2 + 29 = 65.2 m

Number of T Joints – 10 Nos

1. Excavation
Q Excavation main wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of Excavation
Centre line for 2
Excavation
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 1.8 = 56.2 m
2
Q = 56.2 x 1.8 x 1.05 = 106.218 m3
2. Backfilling
1
Quantity of Backfilling = x Quantity of Excavation = 21.243 m3
5
3. P.C.C
Q P.C.C main wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of P.C.C
Centre line for 2
P.C.C
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 1.8 = 56.2 m
2
Q =56.2 x 1.8 x 0.15 = 15.174 m3
4. U.C.R
U.C.R Main wall (First Step)
Q U.C.R First Step = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of U.C.R first Step
Centre line for 2
U.C.R
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 1 = 60.2 m
2
Q = 60.2 x 1x 0.3 = 18.06 m3
U.C.R Main wall (Second Step)
Q U.C.R Second Step = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of U.C.R Second Step
Centre line for 2
U.C.R
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 0.7 = 61.7 m
2
Q = 61.7 x0.7 x 0.3 = 12.957 m3

U.C.R Main wall (Third Step)
Q U.C.R Third Step = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of U.C.R Third Step
Centre line for 2
U.C.R
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 0.5 = 62.7 m
2
Q = 62.7 x0.5 x 0.3 = 9.405 m3
U.C.R Fourth Step: Above Ground Level
Q U.C.R above Ground Level = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of U.C.R above G.L
Centre line for 2
U.C.R
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 0.3 = 63.7 m
2
Q = 63.7 x0.3 x 0.6 = 11.466 m3
Total U.C.R = U.C.R (First Step + Second Step + Third Step + Above Ground Level)
(main wall)
= 18.06 + 12.957 + 9.405 + 11.466
= 51.888 m3
25 mm Thick D.P.C (m2)
Q D.P.C main wall = Length x Breadth
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of D.P.C
Centre line for 2
D.P.C
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 0.3 = 63.7 m
2
Q = 63.7 x0.3 = 19.11 m2
Deduction
D = 4 Nos x 1.3 x 0.3 = 1.56 m2
D1 = 2 Nos x 1 x 0.3 = 0.60 m2
Total D.P.C = Total – Deduction

= 19.11 – 1.56- 0.60
= 16.95 m2
Band Lintel (m3)

Q Band Lintel = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of Band Lintel
Centre line for 2
Band lintel
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 0.3 = 63.7 m
2
Q = 63.7 x0.3x 0.2 = 3.822 m3
Brick work in Super Structure (m3)
Q Brickwork = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of Brickwork
Centre line for 2
Brickwork
1
L = 65.2 – 10 x x 0.3 = 63.7 m
2
Q = 63.7 x0.3x 3 = 57.33 m3
Deduction
D = 4 Nos x 1.3 x2.1 x 0.3 = 3.276 m3
D1 = 2 Nos x 1 x2.1 x0.3 = 1.26 m3
W = 3 Nos x2 x 1.4 x 0.3 = 2.52 m3
W1 = 4 Nos x1.5 x 1.4 x 0.3 = 2.52 m3
V = 1 Nos x 0.6 x0.4 x0.3 = 0.072 m3
Band Lintel = 3.822 m3
Total Deduction = (Doors Windows + Band Lintel) m3
= 9.648 +3.822 = 13.47 m3
Total Brickwork = 57.33 – 13.47
= 43.86 m3

Internal Plaster
Q Internal plaster = Length x Height
Bed Room = [2x(4.3+3.5)]x3 =46.8 m2

Hall = [2x(4.3+5.2)]x3 =57 m2
Dining Room = [2x(6.2+2.5)]x3 =52.2 m2
Kitchen = [2x(3.3+3.5)]x3 =40.8 m2
Bath +WC = [2x(2.6+1.7)]x3 =25.8 m2
Passage near Bath and WC = [2x(6.2-3.3)] + =26.4 m2
[2x(3.5-1.7-0.3)]
=8.8 m
= 8.8 x 3
Total = 249 m2
Deduction
Window (W) = 2x1.4 = 2.8 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.8 m2 < 3 m2)
Single Face Internal Plaster - Deduct 50% of 1 Face
Deduction = No of Windows x 1 face x 50% x Area
=3 x 1 x 50% x 2.8
=4.2 m2
Window (W 1) = 1.5x1.4 = 2.1 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.1 m2 < 3 m2)
=4 x 1 x 50% x 2.1
=4.2 m2
Ventilator =0.6 x 0.4 = 0.24 m2

(0.24 m2 < 0.5 m2)
No Deduction Shall be made
Door (D) = 1.3x 2.1 = 2.73 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.73 m2 < 3 m2)
3 Doors having Double Face Internal - Deduct 1 face 100%
Plaster
Deduction =No of Doors x 1 face x 100% x Area
=3 x1 x 100% x 2.73
= 8.19 m2

1 Doors having Single Face Internal Plaster - Deduct 1 face 50%

=1 x 1 x 50% x 2.73
= 1.365 m2
Door (D 1 ) = 1 x 2.1 = 2.1 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.1 m2 < 3 m2)
2 Doors having Double Face Internal Plaster - Deduct 1 face 100%

=2 x 1 x 100% x 2.1
= 4.2 m2
Total Internal Plaster = Total – Deduction
= 249 -4.2 - 4.2 - 8.19 - 1.365 - 4.2
=226.845 m2
I. External Plaster
Q External plaster = Length x Height
Length = (0.3+4.3+0.3+2.6+0.3+3.3+0.3) +(0.3+3.5+0.36+2.5+0.3)+(0.3+6.2) +

(0.3+4.3+0.3) +(0.3+5.2+0.3+3.5+0.3) +[(5.2+0.3)-(2.5+0.3)]
= 42 m
Height =Floor to Floor Height
= 3.1 m
Quantity =42 x 3.1
=130.2 m2
Deduction
Door (D) = 1.3x 2.1 = 2.73 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.73 m2 < 3 m2)
1 Door having single Face External Plaster - Deduct 1 face 50%

=1 x 1 x 50% x 2.1
= 1.365 m2

Ventilator (V) = 0.6 x 0.4 = 0.24 m2

(0.24 m2 < 0.5 m2)
No Deduction shall be made
Window (W) = 2 x 1.4 = 2.8 m2
(0.5 m2 < 2.8 m2 < 3 m2)
Single face External Plaster - Deduct 1 Face 50 %
Deduction = No of windows x 1 face x 50% x Area
=3 Nos x 1 x 50% x 2.8
= 4.2 m2
Window (W 1 ) = 1.5 x 1.4 = 2.1 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.1 m2 < 3 m2)
=4 Nos x 1 x 50% x 2.8
= 4.2 m2
= 130.2 - 1.365 – 4.2 – 4.2
= 120.435 m2

Q.2 Following Figure Shows Plan and Sectional Details of Footing.


Length of Centre line
a. Main wall
= ( 0.3
2
+ 2.2 + 0.3 + 2.5 +
0.3
2
)x 3 + (
0.3
2
+ 5.7 +
0.3
2
)x 2 + (
0.3
2
+ 2.9 +
0.3
2
) x2
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

+( 2
+ 3.6 + 2
)+ ( 2
+ 3.9 + 2
)
= 42.4 m
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

=( 2
+ 3+ 2
)x 3 + ( 2
+ 3.6 + 2
)x 2 + ( 2
+ 4.1 + 2
)+ ( 2
+ 2.7 + 2
)
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

+( + 5+ ) x2+( + 1 + 0.3 + 1.2 + )+ ( + 1+ )
2 2 2 2 2 2
= 39.8 m
Total length = 42.4+39.8 = 82.2 m
Number of T Joints – 16 Nos.
b. Verandah Wall
Centre to Centre length of Horizontal verandah wall

0.3 0.3
( 2
+ 5.7 + 2
)=6m
Centre to Centre length of Vertical Verandah wall

0.3 0.3
( + 2.8 − ) = 2.8 m
2 2
Total Length of Centre line for Verandah Wall = 6 + 2.8 = 8.8 m
Number of T Joints: 2 Nos.

2. Excavation
Main wall
Length of 1
Centre line for 2
Excavation
1
L = 82.2 – 16 x x 0.9 = 75 m
2
Q = 75 x0.9 x 0.85 = 57.375 m3
Verandah Wall
Q Excavation verandah wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of Centre 1
= Total C/C Length of verandah wall – No of T Joints x width of Excavation
line for 2
Excavation of main wall
1
L = 8.8 – 2 x x 0.9 = 7.9 m
2
Q = 7.9 x0.9 x 0.85 = 6.0435 m3
Total Excavation = Excavation (Main Wall + Verandah Wall)

= 57.375 + 6.0435
= 63.4185 m3
2. Backfilling
1
5
3. P.C.C
Main wall
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of P.C.C
Centre line for 2
P.C.C
1
L = 82.2 – 16 x x 0.9 = 75 m
2
Q = 75 x0.9 x 0.15 = 10.125 m3

Verandah Wall
Q P.C.C verandah wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of Centre 1
= Total C/C Length of verandah wall – No of T Joints x width of item of
line for P.C.C 2
main wall at that
level
1
L = 8.8 – 2 x x 0.9 = 7.9 m
2
Q = 7.9 x0.9 x 0.15 = 1.0665 m3
Total Excavation = P.C.C (Main Wall + Verandah Wall)

= 10.125 + 1.0665
= 11.191 m3
4. U.C.R
Main wall (First Step)
Q U.C.R main wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of U.C.R
Centre line for 2
U.C.R
1
L = 82.2 – 16 x x 0.6 = 77.4 m
2
Q = 77.4 x0.6 x 0.7 = 32.508 m3
Main wall (Second Step)
Q U.C.R main wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of U.C.R
Centre line for 2
U.C.R
1
L = 82.2 – 16 x x 0.4 = 79 m
2
Q = 79 x0.4 x 0.6 = 18.96 m3
Total U.C.R = U.C.R (First Step + Second Step)

(main wall)
= 32.508 + 18.96
= 51.468 m3

Verandah wall (First Step)
Q U.C.R = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of item of the
Centre line for 2
U.C.R Main wall at that Level
1
L = 8.8 – 2 x x 0.6 = 8.2 m
2
Q = 8.2 x0.6 x 0.7 = 3.44 m3
Verandah wall (Second Step)
Q U.C.R = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of the
Centre line for 2
U.C.R Main wall at that Level
1
L = 8.8 – 2 x x 0.4 = 8.4 m
2
Q = 8.4 x0.4 x 0.6 = 2.016 m3

(Verandah wall)
= 3.44+2.016
= 5.456 m3
Total U.C.R = U.C.R (Main wall + Verandah Wall)

= 51.468 + 5.456
= 56.924 m3
5. 25 mm Thick D.P.C (m2)
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of D.P.C
Centre line for 2
D.P.C
1
L = 82.2 – 16 x x 0.3 = 79.8 m
2
Q = 79.8 x0.3 = 23.94 m2
Deduction
D = 6 Nos x 1 x 0.3 = 1.8 m2
D 1 = 4 Nos x 0.9 x 0.3 = 1.08 m2

= 23.94 – 1.8- 1.08
= 21.06 m2

F. Band Lintel (m3)
Q Band Lintel = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of Band Lintel
Centre line for 2
Band lintel
1
L = 82.2 – 16 x x 0.3 = 79.8 m
2
Q = 79.8 x0.3x 0.2 = 4.788 m3
G. Brick work in Super Structure (m3)
Length of 1
Centre line for 2
Brickwork
1
L = 82.2 – 16 x x 0.3 = 79.8 m
2
Q = 79.8 x0.3x 3.1 = 74.214 m3
Deduction
D = 6 Nos x 1.0 x2.1 x 0.3 = 3.78 m3
D1 =4 Nos x 0.9 x2.1 x0.3 =2.268 m3
W = 8 Nos x2 x 1.3 x 0.3 = 6.24 m3
V = 2 Nos x 0.6 x0.4 x0.3 = 0.144 m3
Total Deduction = 17.22 m3

= 56.994 m3

H. Internal Plaster
Store Room = [2x(2.2+3)]x3.1 =32.24 m2

Kitchen = [2x(2.5+3)]x3.1 =34.1 m2
Bed Room I = [2x(5+3.6)]x3.1 =53.32 m2
Sitting Room = [2x(5.7+4.1)]x3.1 =60.76 m2
Bed Room II = [2x(3.6+5)]x3.1 =53.32 m2
Entrance hall = [2x(3.9+2.7)]x3.1 =40.92 m2
Bath = [2x(2.9+1.2)]x3.1 =25.42 m2
W/C = [2x(1.7+1)]x3.1 =16.74 m2
Passage Between Bath and W/C = [2x(0.9+1)]x3.1 =11.78 m2
Total =328.6 m2
Deduction
Window (W) = 2x1.3 = 2.6 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.6 m2 < 3 m2)

=8 x 1 x 50% x 2.6
=10.4 m2
Ventilator =0.6 x 0.4 = 0.24 m2

(0.24 m2 < 0.5 m2)
Door (D) = 1x 2.1 = 2.1 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.1 m2 < 3 m2)
3 Doors having Double Face - Deduct 1 face 100%
Internal Plaster
=3 x 1 x 100% x 2.1
= 6.3 m2

3 Doors having Single Face - Deduct 1 face 50%

Internal Plaster
Deduction = No of Doors x 1 Face x 50% x Area
=3 x 1 x 50% x2.1
=3.15 m2
Door (D1) = 0.9x 2.1 = 1.89 m2

(0.5 m2 < 1.89 m2 < 3 m2)

=4 x 1 x 100% x 1.89
= 7.56 m2

= 328.6 -10.4-6.3-3.15-7.56
=301.19 m2
II. External Plaster
Length = 5.6 + 3.6 + 3.9 +2.8 +3.2 +( 5.3 -1 -0.3 -1.2 – 0.3) + 4.2+ (5.3 -2.7 -0.3) +4.2+
3+ 4.7+ 6+ 2.8
= 48.8 m
Height =Floor to Ceiling Height + Slab Thickness
= 3.1 +0.12
= 3.22 m
Quantity =48.8 x 3.22
=157.136 m2
Deduction
Door (D) = 1x 2.1 = 2.1 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.1 m2 < 3 m2)
3 Doors having single Face External Plaster - Deduct 1 face 50%

=3 x 1 x 50% x 2.1
= 3.15 m2
Ventilator (V) = 0.6 x 0.4 = 0.24 m2

(0.24 m2 < 0.5 m2)
Window (W) = 2 x 1.3 = 2.6 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.6 m2 < 3 m2)
=8 Nos x 1 x 50% x 2.6
= 10.4 m2
= 157.136 -3.15- 10.4
= 143.586 m2
J. Ceiling Plaster
Store Room = [(2.2 x 3)] = 6.6 m2

Kitchen = [(2.5 x 3)] = 7.5 m2
Bed Room I = [(5 x 3.6)] = 18 m2
Sitting Room = [(5.7 x 4.1)] = 23.37 m2
Bed Room II = [(3.6 x 5)] = 18 m2
Entrance hall = [(3.9 x 2.7)] = 10.53 m2
Bath = [(2.9 x 1.2)] = 3.48 m2
W/C = [(1.7 x 1)] = 1.7 m2
Passage Between Bath and W/C = [(0.9 x 1)] = 0.9 m2
Total = 90.08 m2

K. Quantity of R.C.C
Concrete for Slab + Chajja + Band Lintel
Quantity of Concrete for Band Lintel – 4.788 m3
Quantity of Slab
Quantity = Area x Thickness of slab

Area = (11.6 x12.8) – (Q1 +Q2 +Q3)
Q1 = (6 x 2.8) = 16.8 m2
Q2 = (3.2 x2.5) = 8 m2
Q3 = (4.2 x 2.3) = 9.66 m2
Area = 148.48 - 16.8 - 8 - 9.66
= 114.02 m2
Quantity = 114.02 x 0.12
=13.682 m3

Chajja
Chajja Projection – 450 mm

Chajja Thickness – 0.1 m
Q = Length x Breadth x Height
L = (2x0.15) + 2 = 2.3 m
Q = 2.3 x 0.45 x 0.1 = 0.1035 m3
Total Quantity = 8 Nos x 0.1035 = 0.828 m3
Total Quantity of R.C.C = Chajja + Band Lintel + Slab

= 0.828 + 4.788 + 13.682
= 19.298 m3

Q.3 Following Figure Shows Plan and Sectional Details of Footing.

c. Main wall
= ( 0.3
2
+4+ 0.2 + 3.7 +
0.3
2
)x 2 + (
0.3
2
+ 2.8 +
0.3
2
)
= 19.5 m
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

=( + 2.4 + )x 2 + ( + 4.2 + )x 2
2 2 2 2
= 14.5 m
Total length = 19.5 + 14.4 = 33.9 m
Number of T Joints – 2Nos.
d. Partition Wall
Centre to Centre length of Partition wall

0.3 0.3
( + 4.2 + ) = 4.5 m
2 2
Number of T Joints – 2Nos.

e. Verandah Wall
Centre to Centre length of Horizontal verandah wall

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
(8.5 − 2
− 2
)+ (8.5 − 0.3 − 2.8 − 2
− 2 ) = 13.3 m
Centre to Centre length of Vertical Verandah wall

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
( 2
+ 1.2 − 2
)x 2 + ( 2 + 2.4 + 2
) = 5.1 m
Total Length of Centre line for Verandah Wall = 13.3 + 5.1 = 18.4 m
Number of T Joints: 4 Nos.
3. Excavation
Main wall
Length of 1
Centre line for 2
Excavation
1
L = 33.9 – 2 x x 0.8 = 33.1 m
2
Q = 33.1 x0.8 x 1.4 = 37.072 m3
Partition Wall
Q Excavation Partition wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of Centre 1
= Total C/C Length of Partition wall – No of T Joints x width of Excavation
line for 2
1
L = 4.5 – 2 x x 0.8 = 3.7 m
2
Q = 3.7 x0.6 x 0.7 = 1.554 m3
Verandah Wall
Q Excavation verandah wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of Centre 1
= Total C/C Length of verandah wall – No of T Joints x width of Excavation
line for 2
1
L = 18.4 – 4 x x 0.8 = 16.8 m
2
Q = 16.8 x0.6 x 0.7 = 7.056 m3

Total Excavation = Excavation (Main Wall +Partition Wall + Verandah Wall)

= 37.072 + 1.544 + 7.056
= 45.682 m3
2. Backfilling
1
5
3. P.C.C
Main wall
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of Main
Centre line for 2
P.C.C Wall at that Level
1
L = 33.9 – 2 x x 0.8 = 33.1 m
2
Q = 33.1 x0.8 x 0.2 = 5.296 m3
Partition wall
Q P.C.C Partition wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Partition wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of the
Centre line for 2
P.C.C main wall at that
level
1
L = 4.5 – 2 x x 0.5 = 4 m
2
Q = 4 x0.6 x 0.2 = 0.48 m3
Verandah Wall
Q P.C.C verandah wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of Centre = Total C/C Length of verandah wall – No of T Joints x

1
width of Item of the
2
line for P.C.C main wall at that
level
1
L = 18.4 – 4 x x 0.5 = 17.4 m
2
Q = 17.4 x0.6 x 0.2 = 2.088 m3
Total Excavation = P.C.C (Main Wall + Partition Wall +Verandah Wall)

= 5.296 +0.48 + 2.088
= 7.864 m3

4. U.C.R
Main wall (First Step)
Q U.C.R First Step = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of = Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x

1
width of Item of Main
2
Centre line for wall At that Level
U.C.R
1
L = 33.9 – 2 x x 0.6 = 33.3 m
2
Q = 33.3 x0.6 x 0.5 = 9.99 m3
Main wall (Second Step)
Length of 1
Centre line for 2
U.C.R wall at that Level
1
L = 33.9 – 2 x x 0.5 = 33.4 m
2
Q = 33.4 x0.5 x 0.5 = 8.35 m3
Main wall (Third Step)
Q U.C.R Third Step = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
Centre line for 2
U.C.R wall at that Level
1
L = 33.9 – 2 x x 0.4 = 33.5 m
2
Q = 33.5 x0.4 x 0.8 = 10.72 m3
Total U.C.R = U.C.R (First Step + Second Step + Third Step)

(main wall)
= 9.99 + 8.35 + 10.72
= 29.06 m3
Partition wall (First Step)
Q U.C.R first Step = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Partition wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of
Centre line for 2
U.C.R Main wall at that
Level
1
L = 4.5 – 2 x x 0.5 = 4 m
2

Q = 4 x0.4 x 0.3 = 0.48 m3
Partition Wall (Second Step)
Length of
𝟏
Centre line for = Total C/C Length of Partition wall – No of T Joints x 𝟐
width of Item of Main
U.C.R wall at that level
1
L = 4.5 – 2 x x 0.4 = 4.1 m
2
Q = 4.1 x0.3 x 0.8 = 0.984 m3

(Partition wall)
= 0.48 + 0.984
= 1.464 m3
Verandah wall (First Step)
Q U.C.R first Step = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Verandah wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of
Centre line for 2
Level
1
L = 18.4 – 4 x x 0.5 = 17.4 m
2
Q = 17.4 x0.4 x 0.3 = 2.088 m3
Verandah Wall (Second Step)
Length of
𝟏
Centre line for = Total C/C Length of Verandah wall – No of T Joints x 𝟐
width of Item of
level
1
L = 18.4 – 4 x x 0.4 = 17.6 m
2
Q = 17.6 x0.3 x 0.8 = 4.224 m3

(Verandah wall)
= 2.088 + 4.224
= 6.312 m3
Total U.C.R = U.C.R (Main wall + Partition Wall +Verandah Wall)
= 29.06 + 1.464 + 6.312
= 36.836 m3

25 mm Thick D.P.C (m2)

Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of main
Centre line for 2
D.P.C wall at that level
1
L = 33.9 – 2 x x 0.3 = 33.6 m
2
Q = 33.6 x0.3 = 10.08 m2
Q D.P.C Partition wall = Length x Breadth
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Partition wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of main
Centre line for 2
D.P.C wall at that level
1
L = 4.5 – 2 x x 0.3 = 4.2 m
2
Q = 4.2 x0.3 = 0.84 m2
No D.P.C for Verandah Wall.
Deduction
D = 3 Nos x 1.2 x 0.3 = 1.08 m2
D1 = 2 Nos x 0.9 x 0.3 = 0.54 m2

= 10.92 – 1.62
= 9.30 m2
Band Lintel (m3)
Q Band Lintel main wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Main wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of main
Centre line for 2
Band lintel wall at that level
1
L = 33.9 – 2 x x 0.3 = 33.6 m
2
Q = 33.6 x0.3x 0.15 = 1.512 m3
Q Band Lintel Partition wall = Length x Breadth x Height
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Partition wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of main
Centre line for 2
Band lintel wall at that level
1
L = 4.5 – 2 x x 0.3 = 4.2 m
2

Q = 4.2 x0.2x 0.15 = 0.126 m3
Total Quantity = 1.512 + 0.126 = 1.638 m3
G. Brick work in Super Structure (m3)
Q Brickwork main wall = Length x Breadth x Height (Floor to Ceiling Height)
Length of 1
Centre line for 2
Brickwork wall at that Level
1
L = 33.9 – 2 x x 0.3 = 33.6 m
2
Q = 33.6 x0.3x 3 = 30.24 m3
Q Brickwork Partition wall = Length x Breadth x Height (Floor to Ceiling Height)
Length of 1
= Total C/C Length of Partition wall – No of T Joints x width of Item of
Centre line for 2
Brickwork Main wall at that Level
1
L = 4.5 – 2 x x 0.3 = 4.2 m
2
Q = 4.2 x0.2x 3 = 2.52 m3
Deduction
D = 3 Nos x 1.2 x2.1 x 0.3 = 2.268 m3
D1 =2 Nos x 0.9 x2.1 x0.3 =1.134 m3
W = 8 Nos x1.5 x 1.1 x 0.3 = 3.96 m3

Total Deduction = 9 m3
Total Brickwork = 32.76 – 9
= 23.76 m3
Internal Plaster
Room I = [2x(4+4.2)]x3 =49.2 m2

Room II = [2x(3.7+4.2)]x3 =47.4 m2
Store = [2x(2.8+2.4)]x3 =31.2 m2
Total =127.8 m2

Deduction
Window (W) = 1.5x1.1 = 1.65 m2

(0.5 m2 < 1.65 m2 < 3 m2)
=8 x 1 x 50% x 1.65
=6.6 m2
Door (D) = 1.2x 2.1 = 2.52 m2
(0.5 m2 < 2.52 m2 < 3 m2)
Single Face Internal Plaster - Deduct 1 face 100%
=3 x 1 x 50% x 2.52
= 3.78 m2
Door (D1) = 0.9x 2.1 = 1.89 m2
(0.5 m2 < 1.89 m2 < 3 m2)
Single Face Internal Plaster - Deduct 1 face 100%

=2 x 1 x 50% x 1.89
= 1.89 m2

= 127.8 -3.78 – 1.89 - 6.6
=115.53 m2
External Plaster
Q External plaster = Length x Height (Floor to Ceiling Height)
Length = (0.3+2.8+0.3) + 7.5+8.5+4.8+(0.3+3.7+0.2+0.9)+2.4+0.3
= 32 m
= 3 + 0.1
= 3.1 m

Quantity =32 x 3.1

=99.2 m2
Deduction
Door (D) = 1.2x 2.1 = 2.52 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.52 m2 < 3 m2)
Single Face External Plaster - Deduct 1 face 50%

=3 x 1 x 50% x 2.52
= 3.78 m2
Door (D1) = 0.9x 2.1 = 1.89 m2

(0.5 m2 < 1.89 m2 < 3 m2)
Single Face External Plaster - Deduct 1 face 50%

=2 x 1 x 50% x 1.89
= 1.89 m2
Window (W) = 1.5 x 1.1 = 1.65 m2
(0.5 m2 < 1.65 m2 < 3 m2)
=8 Nos x 1 x 50% x 1.65
= 6.6 m2
= 99.2-3.78-1.89-6.6
= 86.93 m2

J. Quantity of R.C.C
Concrete for Slab + Chajja + Band Lintel
a. Quantity of Concrete for Band Lintel – 1.638 m3

b. Chajja
Chajja Projection – 500 mm

Chajja Thickness – 0.15 m
Q = Length x Breadth x Height
L = (2x0.15) + 1.5 = 1.8 m
Q = 1.8 x 0.5 x 0.15 = 0.135 m3
Total Quantity = 8 Nos x 0.135 = 1.08 m3
c. Quantity of Slab
Quantity = Area x Thickness of slab

Area = (8.7 x 8.5) – (Q1 +Q2)
Q1 = (8.5 x 1.2) = 10.2 m2
Q2 = (5.1 x 2.7) = 13.77 m2
Area = 73.95 – 10.2 -13.77
= 49.98 m2
Quantity = 49.98 x 0.1
=4.998 m3
Total Quantity of R.C.C = Chajja + Band Lintel + Slab
= 1.08 + 1.638 + 4.998
= 7.716 m3

Floor Beam
W W C1
C1 C1
STORE VERANDAH 2.8 M WIDE

KITCHEN
W
Plinth Beam
D D
W W
C1 Footing Offset
D
C2 C2 D
d=0.15
W
D SITTING ROOM
BED ROOM L
FIG- 01
W
D = 1 X 2.1 M
C2 D1 D C2 D1 = 0.9 X 2.1 M
C2 W = 2 X 1.3 M
V WC D1 D1 V = 0.6 X 0.4 M
ENTRANCE HALL COLUMN C1= 0.3 X 0.3
D1 COLUMN C2= 0.3 X 0.4
FOOTING F1=1.2 X 1.5 X 0.40 / 0.15
V BATH FOOTING F2=1.2 X 1.8 X 0.50 / 0.15
BED ROOM FOOTING OFFSET=0.075
PLINTH BEAMS = 0.23 X 0.60 M
D C1 FLOOR BEAMS = 0.23 X 0.80 M
C1
W SLAB = 0.12 M
WALL TH = 0.3
PCC OFFSET FOR FOOTING =0.1
EXCAVATION DEPTH = 1.8 M
CHAJJA PROJECTION = 0.45 M
CHAJJA BEARING = 0.15 M
C1 C1
W W
Fig.01
Work out the quantities of following items of work:
a. Excavation for foundation

b. Concrete in footing
c. Brickwork in Superstructure
d. Flooring and Skirting
e. 12 mm thick internal plaster C:M (1:5)
f. External Plaster
a. Main wall
= ( 0.3
2
+ 2.2 + 0.3 + 2.5 +
0.3
2
)x 3 + (
0.3
2
+ 5.7 +
0.3
2
)x 2 + (
0.3
2
+ 2.9 +
0.3
2
) x2
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

+( 2
+ 3.6 + 2
)+ ( 2
+ 3.9 + 2
)
= 42.4 m
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

=( 2
+ 3+ 2
)x 3 + ( 2
+ 3.6 + 2
)x 2 + ( 2
+ 4.1 + 2
)+ ( 2
+ 2.7 + 2
)
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

+( 2
+ 5+ 2
) x2+( 2
+ 1 + 0.3 + 1.2 + 2
)+ ( 2
+ 1+ 2
)
= 39.8 m
Total length = 42.4+39.8 = 82.2 m
Number of T Joints – 16 Nos.

1. Excavation
For Footing F1
Q Excavation = Numbers x Length x Breadth x Height
L1 = Length + P.C.C Offset = 1.5 +0.1 +0.1=1.7 m
B1 = Breadth + P.C.C Offset = 1.2 +0.1 +0.1=1.4 m
Q = 8 Nos x 1.7 x1.4 x 1.8 = 34.27 m3
Footing Details (F1)

For Footing F2
Q Excavation = Numbers x Length x Breadth x Height
L2 = Length + P.C.C Offset = 1.8 +0.1 +0.1=2.0 m
B2 = Breadth + P.C.C Offset = 1.2 +0.1 +0.1=1.4 m
Q = 5 Nos x 2.0 x1.4 x 1.8 = 25.2 m3
Footing Details (F2)
Total Excavation = Q (Footing F1 + Footing F2)
Total Excavation = 34.27 + 25.2
Total Excavation = 59.47 m3

CONCRETE FOR FOOTING
FOOTING F1 (1.2 x 1.5 x 0.4 / 0.15)
Area at top A1 = 0.45 x 0.45 = 0.2025 m2
Area at Bottom A2 = 1.5 x 1.2 = 1.8 m2
h = 0.4 m
V1 =ℎ⁄3 ( 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + √𝐴1 𝑥 𝐴2 )
V1 =0.4⁄3 ( 0.2025 + 1.8 + √0.2025 𝑥 1.8 )
V1= 0.347 m3
V2 = 1.5 x 1.2 x 0.15
V2 = 0.27 m3
Total Quantity = V1 + V2
= 0.347 + 0.27 = 0.617 m3
Total Quantity of Concrete for Footing F1 = Nos x Quantity
Total Quantity of Concrete for Footing F1 = 8 Nos x 0.617 m3
Total Quantity F1 = 4.939 m3

FOOTING F2 (1.2 x 1.8 x 0.5 / 0.15)
Area at top A1 = 0.45 x 0.55 = 0.2475 m2
Area at Bottom A2 = 1.8 x 1.2 = 2.16 m2
h = 0.5 m
V1 =ℎ⁄3 ( 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + √𝐴1 𝑥 𝐴2 )
V1 =0.5⁄3 (0.2475 + 2.16 + √ 0.2475 𝑥 2.16 )
V1= 0.523 m3
V2 = 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.15
V2 = 0.324 m3
Total Quantity = V1 + V2
= 0.523 + 0.324 = 0.847 m3
Total Quantity of Concrete for Footing F2 = Nos x Quantity
Total Quantity of Concrete for Footing F2 = 5 Nos x 0.847 m3
Total Quantity F2 = 4.235 m3

Total Quantity of Concrete = Quantity for (F1 + F2)
Total Quantity of Concrete = 4.939 + 4.235
Total Quantity of Concrete = 9.174 m3
Brick work in Super Structure (m3)
Length of 1
Centre line for 2
Brickwork
1
L = 82.2 – 16 x x 0.3 = 79.8 m
2
Q = 79.8 x0.3x 2.1 = 50.274 m3
Deduction
Deduction for Columns
C1 = 8 Nos x 0.3 x 0.3 x 3.1 = 2.232 m3
C2 = 5 Nos x 0.3 x 0.4 x 3.1 = 1.86 m3
D = 6 Nos x 1.0 x2.1 x 0.3 = 3.78 m3
D1 =4 Nos x 0.9 x2.1 x0.3 =2.268 m3
W = 8 Nos x2 x 1.3 x 0.3 = 6.24 m3
V = 2 Nos x 0.6 x0.4 x0.3 = 0.144 m3
Total Deduction = 16.524 m3

= 33.75 m3

Ceiling Plaster = Quantity of Flooring
Store Room = [(2.2 x 3)] = 6.6 m2

Kitchen = [(2.5 x 3)] = 7.5 m2
Bed Room I = [(5 x 3.6)] = 18 m2
Sitting Room = [(5.7 x 4.1)] = 23.37 m2
Bed Room II = [(3.6 x 5)] = 18 m2
Entrance hall = [(3.9 x 2.7)] = 10.53 m2
Bath = [(2.9 x 1.2)] = 3.48 m2
W/C = [(1.7 x 1)] = 1.7 m2
Passage Between Bath and W/C = [(0.9 x 1)] = 0.9 m2
Total = 90.08 m2
Skirting (Running Meter)
Q Skirting = Length Rmt.
Store Room = [2x(2.2+3)] =10.4 Rmt

Kitchen = [2x(2.5+3)] =11 Rmt
Bed Room I = [2x(5+3.6)] =17.2 Rmt
Sitting Room = [2x(5.7+4.1)] =19.6 Rmt
Bed Room II = [2x(3.6+5)] =17.2 Rmt
Entrance hall = [2x(3.9+2.7)] = 13.2 Rmt
Bath = [2x(2.9+1.2)] =8.2 Rmt
W/C = [2x(1.7+1)] =5.4 Rmt
Passage Between Bath and W/C = [2x(0.9+1)] =3.8 Rmt
Total = 106 Rmt
Deduction: Count Both Sides for every Door except for ones which are exposed to
external side.
D = 9 Nos x 1 Rmt = 9 Rmt
[3 Doors x Both Sides] + [3 Doors x 1 Side] = 9
D1 = 8 Nos x 0.9 Rmt = 7.2 Rmt
4 Doors x Both Sides = 8
Total Deduction: = 16.2 Rmt
Total Skirting : = Total – Deduction
= 106 - 16.2
Total Skirting : = 89.8 Rmt

Internal Plaster (m2)
Store Room = [2x(2.2+3)]x3.1 =32.24 m2

Kitchen = [2x(2.5+3)]x3.1 =34.1 m2
Bed Room I = [2x(5+3.6)]x3.1 =53.32 m2
Sitting Room = [2x(5.7+4.1)]x3.1 =60.76 m2
Bed Room II = [2x(3.6+5)]x3.1 =53.32 m2
Entrance hall = [2x(3.9+2.7)]x3.1 =40.92 m2
Bath = [2x(2.9+1.2)]x3.1 =25.42 m2
W/C = [2x(1.7+1)]x3.1 =16.74 m2
Passage Between Bath and W/C = [2x(0.9+1)]x3.1 =11.78 m2
Total =328.6 m2
Deduction
Window (W) = 2x1.3 = 2.6 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.6 m2 < 3 m2)

=8 x 1 x 50% x 2.6
=10.4 m2
Ventilator =0.6 x 0.4 = 0.24 m2

(0.24 m2 < 0.5 m2)
Door (D) = 1x 2.1 = 2.1 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.1 m2 < 3 m2)
3 Doors having Double Face - Deduct 1 face 100%
Internal Plaster
=3 x 1 x 100% x 2.1
= 6.3 m2

3 Doors having Single Face - Deduct 1 face 50%

Internal Plaster
Deduction = No of Doors x 1 Face x 50% x Area
=3 x 1 x 50% x2.1
=3.15 m2
Door (D1) = 0.9x 2.1 = 1.89 m2

(0.5 m2 < 1.89 m2 < 3 m2)

=4 x 1 x 100% x 1.89
= 7.56 m2

= 328.6 -10.4-6.3-3.15-7.56
=301.19 m2
External Plaster
Length = 5.6 + 3.6 + 3.9 +2.8 +3.2 +( 5.3 -1 -0.3 -1.2 – 0.3) + 4.2+ (5.3 -2.7 -0.3) +4.2+
3+ 4.7+ 6+ 2.8
= 48.8 m
= 3.1 +0.12
= 3.22 m
Quantity =48.8 x 3.22
=157.136 m2
Deduction
Door (D) = 1x 2.1 = 2.1 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.1 m2 < 3 m2)
3 Doors having single Face External Plaster - Deduct 1 face 50%

=3 x 1 x 50% x 2.1
= 3.15 m2
Ventilator (V) = 0.6 x 0.4 = 0.24 m2

(0.24 m2 < 0.5 m2)
Window (W) = 2 x 1.3 = 2.6 m2

(0.5 m2 < 2.6 m2 < 3 m2)
=8 Nos x 1 x 50% x 2.6
= 10.4 m2
= 157.136 -3.15- 10.4
= 143.586 m2

Prepare the bar bending schedule of Footing and column. Footing having a size of
1.2 m x 1.5 m and is provided with tor steel of 12 mm dia at 175 mm c/c placed
parallel to both sides forming a mesh. Column of 230 mm x 400 mm is provided
with 4 numbers of longitudinal bars (Tor steel) of 16 mm dia. running throughout
the total height including height up to ground level i.e. 1.5 meter and floor to ceiling
height of 3.3 meter. Column Stirrups of 8mm dia are provided at 230 mm c/c

Mr.Aditya D. Ahirwar - Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Topic : Bar Bending Schedule
Bar Bending Schedule

Prepare the bar bending schedule of Footing and column. Footing having a size of 1.2 m x 1.5 m and is provided with tor steel of 12 mm dia parallel to both sides forming a
Q.1 mesh. Column of 230 mm x 400 mm is provided with 4 numbers of longitudinal bars (Tor steel) of 16 mm dia. running throughout the total height including height upto
ground level i.e. 1.5 meter and floor to ceiling height of 3.3 meter. Column Stirrups of 8mm dia are provided at 230 mm c/c
Weight/ Running Meter
Total Length Quantity
Description Dia (mm) Shape Numbers Cutting Length (Kg/ Meter)
(Meter) (Kg)
1 Footing Reinforcement
(1500- 2 x 50 /175)+1 1200-(2x50) + 2 x 6 x Dia 1.25 Meter x 9 (Dia 2 /162) 11.25 x 0.89
= 9.00 1200-(2*50)+ (2*6*12) 11.25 = 0.89 = 10.013
=9 But
Reinforcement
a. Parallel to Shorter 12
So Provide 75
Side
1200-(2*50)+(2*75)
1250
1.25 Meter
(1200-2 x 50 /175)+1 1500-(2x50) + 2 x 6 x Dia 1.55 Meter x 8 (Dia 2 /162) 12.4 x 0.89
= 7.29 1500-(2*50)+ (2*6*12) 12.4 = 0.89 = 11.036
=8 But
Reinforcement
6x 12 = 72 < 75
b. Parallel to Longer 12
So Provide 75
Side
1500-(2*50)+(2*75)
1550
1.55 Meter
2 Column Reinforcement
1500 + 3300 - 50 - 12 - 12- 20 + 2 x(300)
2
4 5.306 Meter x 4 (Dia /162) 21.224 x 1.581
21.224 = 1.580 = 32.396
a. Longitudinal Bars 16 = 5306
5.306 Meter
2
1500+3300-20-50-12-12 a = 230 - (2 x 40) - (2 x 8) 1.026 Meter x 22 (Dia /162) 22.572 x 0.396
= 4706 = 134 22.572 = 0.40 = 8.618
b = 400 - (2 x 40) - (2 x 8)
(4706/230)+1 = 304
= 21.46 c = 6 x Dia
b. 8 = 22 So, 6 x 8=48
Stirrups
But, It Should Not be less than 75 mm
So Provide 75
L=2x(a+b+c)
= 1026
1.026 Meter
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar - Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Topic : Bar Bending Schedule
Prepare Bar Bending Schedule for R.C.C Lintel beam with clear span of 1 meter. Consider 15
Cm bearing on walls at each End. Bottom of the beam is provided with the 4 mild steel Bars of
10 mm dia. Out of Which 2 are Straight Bars and 2 are cranked up at an angle of 45°. It is also
provided with 2 Anchor Bars of mild steel of 10 mm Dia at the top. Beam is provided with
Stirrups of 6 mm Dia at spacing of 150 mm c/c.


Prepare Bar Bending Schedule for R.C.C Lintel beam with clear span of 1 meter. Consider 15 Cm Bearing on walls at each End. Bottom of the beam is provided with the 4
Q.2 mild steel Bars of 10 mm dia. Out of Which 2 are Straight Bars and 2 are cranked up at an angle of 45° . It is Also provided with 2 Anchor Bars of mild steel of 10 mm Dia at
the top. Beam is Provided with Stirrups of 6 mm Dia at spacing of 150 mm c/c.
Weight/ Running Meter

Dia Total Length
Description Shape Numbers Cutting Length (Kg/ Meter) Quantity (Kg)
(mm) (Meter)
1 Reinforcement
2 1300-(2x25) + 2 x 9 x Dia 1.43 Meter x 2 (Dia 2 /162) 2.86 x 0.62
1200-(2*25)+ (2*9*10) 2.86 = 0.62 = 1.765
But
Bottom Bars - Straight 9 x 10 = 90 > 75 mm
a. 10
Bars So Provide 90
1300-(2*25)+(2*90)
= 1430
1.43 Meter
2 1300-(2x25) + 2 x 9 x Dia + 2x 0.42 (d') 1.495 Meter x 2 (Dia 2 /162) 2.99 x 0.62
1300-(2x25) + 2 x 9 x 10 + 2x 0.42 (d') 2.99 = 0.62 = 1.846
But
9 x 10 = 90 > 75
So Provide 90
Bottom Bars - Cranked
b. 10 d' = 150 - (2 x 25) - 6 - 6 - 10
Up or Bent Up Bars
= 78
d'= 78 mm
1300-(2x25) + 2 x 9 x 10 + 2x 0.42 (78)
= 1495.52
1.495 Meter
2 1300-(2x25) + 2 x 9 x Dia 1.43 Meter x 2 (Dia 2 /162) 2.86 x 0.62
1200-(2*25)+ (2*9*10) 2.86 = 0.62 = 1.773
But
c. 10 9 x 10 = 90 > 75 mm
Top Anchor Bars
So Provide 90
1300-(2*25)+(2*90)
= 1430.00
1.43 Meter
Span = (1300- 2 x 25) a = 150 - (2 x 25) - (2 x 6) 0.802 Meter x 10 (Dia 2 /162) 8.02 x 0.23
Span = 1250 88 8.02 = 0.22 = 1.764
b = 300 - (2 x 25) - (2 x 6)
Nos = (1250 / 150) + 1 238
= 9.33 c = 6 x Dia
= 10 So, 6 x 6 = 36 mm
d. Stirrups 6
But, It Should Not be less than 75 mm
So Provide 75
L=2x(a+b+c)
= 802
0.802 Meter
Topic : Bar Bending Schedule

Mr. Aditya Ahirwar - Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation
Prepare bar bending schedule of one way slab having overall length and breadth 6.5m x 3 m.
Reinforcement of 10 mm (M.S) Dia rods are placed in direction parallel to 3.0 m at 300 mm
c/c. with L Shaped hooks on both ends. Alternate bent up bars of 10 mm Dia are provided at
spacing of 300 mm c/c. To hold the cranked position 4 Nos of 10 mm Dia bars are provided
with L Shaped hooks on both ends. Distribution steel of 8 mm Dia are provided in direction
parallel to 6.5 m with L shaped hooks on both the ends.


Prepare bar bending schedule of one way slab having overall length and breadth 6.5m x 3 m. Reinforcement of 10 mm (M.S) dia rods are placed in direction parallel to 3.0 m at 300 mm c/c. with L
Q.3 Shaped hooks on both ends. Alternate bent up bars of 10 mm dia are provided at spacing of 300 mm c/c. To hold the cranked position 4 Nos of 10 mm dia bars are provided with L Shaped hooks
on both ends.Distribution steel of 8 mm dia are provided in direction parallel to 6.5 m with L shaped hooks on both the ends.
Wt/ Running
Dia Total Length Quantity
Description Shape Numbers Cutting Length Meter
(mm) (Meter) (Kg)
(Kg/ Meter)
1 Reinforcement
((6500 - 2 x 230)/ 300 ) + 1 3000-(2x25) + 2 x 5 x Dia 3.10 Meter x 22 (Dia 2 /162) 68.2 x 0.62
= 21.13 3000-(2*25)+ (2*5*10) 68.2 = 0.62 = 42.099
= 22 But
Bottom Bars - 5 x 10 = 50 < 75 mm
a. 10
Straight Bars So Provide 75
3000-(2*25)+(2*75)
= 3100
3.10 Meter
2
((6500 - 2 x 230)/ 300 ) 3000-(2x25) + 2 x 5 x Dia + 2x 0.42 (d') 3.184 Meter x 21 (Dia /162) 66.864 x 0.62
= 20.13 3000-(2x25) + 2 x 5 x 10 + 2x 0.42 (d') 66.864 = 0.62 = 41.274
= 21 But
5 x 10 = 50 < 75
Bottom Bars - So Provide 75
b. Cranked Up or Bent 10 d' = 150 - (2 x 20) - 10
Up Bars = 100
d'= 100 mm
3000-(2x25) + 2 x 75 + 2x 0.42 (100)
= 3184.00
3.184 Meter
2
((3000 - 2 x 230)/ 300 )+1 6500-(2x25) + 2 x 5 x Dia 6.60 Meter x 10 (Dia /162) 66 x 0.4
= 9.47 6500-(2*25)+ (2*5*8) 66 = 0.40 = 26.074
= 10 But
c. 8 5 x 8 = 40 < 75 mm
Distribution Steel
So Provide 75
6500-(2*25)+(2*75)
= 6600.00
6.60 Meter
2
4 6500-(2x25) + 2 x 5 x Dia 6.60 Meter x 4 (Dia /162) 26.4 x 0.62
6500-(2*25)+ (2*5*8) 26.4 = 0.62 = 16.296
But
10 mm Hold Down 5 x 8 = 40 < 75 mm
d. 10
bars So Provide 75
6500-(2*25)+(2*75)
= 6600.00
6.60 Meter
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar - Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Topic : Bar Bending Schedule
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar Topic : Rate Analysis
Prepare the Rate analysis for P.C.C work using M15 Grade of
Q.1.
Concrete
P.C.C (M15)
Grade M 15
3
Lets assume we are calculating the Rate for 10 m
Volume of Wet Concrete m3 : 10
3
Volume of dry conrete m : 1.54 x 10
Volume of dry conrete m3 : 15.4
Cement Quantity: 15.4

1 + 2 + 4
3
Volume of Cement: 2.2 m
Wt of Cement (Kg): 2.2 X 1440
3168 Kg
No of Bags : 3168
50
Cement Bags: 63.36 Bags
Sand (m3): 2.2 x2 : 4.4 m

3
3 3
Aggregates (m ): 2.2 x4 : 8.8 m
Cost of Material
Sr. No. Material Quatity Units Rate Amount
1 Cement 63.36 Bags 350 22176
2 River Sand 4.40 m3 2648 11651.2
3 Aggregates 8.80 m3 883 7770.4
Total : 41597.6 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: P.C.C
Sr. No. Manpower Co-eff Number Rate Amount
a Concreting
1 Head Mason 0.25 600 150
1
2 Mason 2.50 550 1375
3 Male Mazdoor 14.00 400 5600
Total 7125 Rs.
Total Cost= Cost of Material + Cost of Labour

Total Cost 48722.6 Rs.
Cost for contengencies, Tools and
Plants and water : 1.5% x 48722.6 : 730.84 Rs.
Overheads and Contractor's profit : 10% x 48722.6 : 4872.26 Rs.
Overall Cost : 54325.70 Rs.
Rate per m3: 54325.7 : 5432.57 Rs.
10
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar- Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Topic : Rate Analysis
Prepare the Rate analysis for P.C.C work using M10 Grade of
Q.2.
Concrete
P.C.C (M10)
Grade M 10
Lets assume we are calculating the Rate for 10 m3
3
Volume of Wet Concrete m : 10
3
Volume of dry conrete m : 1.54 x 10
3
Volume of dry conrete m : 15.4

1 + 3 + 6
3
2217.6 Kg
No of Bags : 2217.6
50
3 3
Sand (m ): 1.54 x3 : 4.62 m
3 3
Aggregates (m ): 1.54 x6 : 9.24 m
Cost of Material
1 Cement 44.35 Bags 350 15523.2
3
2 River Sand 4.62 m 2648 12233.76
3 Aggregates 9.24 m3 883 8158.92
Total : 35915.88 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: P.C.C
a Concreting
1 Head Mason 0.25 600 150
1
2 Mason 2.50 550 1375
3 Male Mazdoor 14.00 400 5600
Total 7125 Rs.

Cost for contengencies, Tools and 1.5% x 43040.9 : 645.61 Rs.
3
Rate per m : 47990.58 : 4799.06 Rs.
10
3
Prepare the Rate analysis for P.C.C work of 40m using M15
Q.3.
Grade of Concrete
P.C.C (M15)
Grade M 15
Volume of dry conrete m3 : 1.54 x 40
3

1 + 2 + 4
3
12672 Kg
No of Bags : 12672
50
3 3
Sand (m ): 8.8 x2 : 17.6 m
3 3
Aggregates (m ): 8.8 x4 : 35.2 m
Cost of Material
1 Cement 253.44 Bags 350 88704
3
2 River Sand 17.60 m 2648 46604.8
3
3 Aggregates 35.20 m 883 31081.6
Total : 166390.4 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: P.C.C
a Concreting
1 Head Mason 0.25 600 600
4
2 Mason 2.50 550 5500
3 Male Mazdoor 14.00 400 22400
Total 28500 Rs.

Cost for contengencies, Tools and 1.5% x 194890 : 2923.36 Rs.
Overheads and Contractor's profit : 10% x 194890 : 19489.04 Rs.
Rate per m3: 217302.8 : 5432.57 Rs.
40
Prepare the Rate analysis for P.C.C work of 65 m3 using M10

Q.4.
Grade of Concrete
P.C.C (M10)
Grade M 10
3
Volume of dry conrete m3 : 1.54 x 65
3

1 + 3 + 6
3
14414.40 Kg
No of Bags : 14414.40
50
3 3
Sand (m ): 10.01 x3 : 30.03 m
Aggregates (m3): 10.01 x6 : 60.06 m
3
Cost of Material
1 Cement 288.29 Bags 350 100900.8
2 River Sand 30.03 m3 2648 79519.44
3 Aggregates 60.06 m3 883 53032.98
Total : 233453.22 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: P.C.C
a Concreting
1 Head Mason 0.25 600 975
6.5
2 Mason 2.50 550 8937.5
3 Male Mazdoor 14.00 400 36400
Total 46312.5 Rs.

Rate per m3: 311938.8 : 4799.06 Rs.
65
Prepare the Rate analysis for R.C.C work using M20 Grade of Concrete with
Q.1
1% of Steel.
R.C.C (M20)
Grade M 20
Lets assume we are calculating for 10
Volume of dry conrete m3 : 10 x 1.54: 15.4
Grade Components
M Cement Sand Agg Steel (%)
20 1 1.5 3 1
1 + 1.5 + 3
Volume of Cement: 2.8 m3
4032 Kg
No of Bags : 4032
50
3 3
Sand (m ): 2.8 x 1.5 : 4.2 m
Aggregates (m3): 2.8 x 3 : 8.4 m3
Steel (m3): 10 x 1 % : 0.1 m3
Kg: 0.1 x 7850 : 785 Kg
Binding Wire : ( 1 Kg for 100 Kg Steel) 7.85 Kg
Formwork: 1 x 65 : 65 m2
(65 m per 10 m3)
2
Cost of Material
Amount
Sr. No. Material Quatity Units Rate (Rs)
1 Cement 81 Bags 350 28224
2 River Sand 4.2 m3 2648 11121.6
3 Aggregates 8.4 m3 883 7417.2
4 Steel 785 kg 45 35325
5 Binding wire 7.85 kg 55 431.75
6 Formwork 65 m2 450 29250
Total : 111769.55
Cost of Labour
Item: R.C.C Work
Amount
Sr. No. Manpower Co-eff Number Rate (Rs)
a Concreting
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300
2 Mason 1 3 550 1650
3 Male Mazdoor 23 400 9200
b Reinforcement work
1 Bar Bender 7.85 550 4317.5
1
2 Male Mazdoor 7.85 400 3140
Centering Shutterring
c
Formwork
1 Carpenter 3 550 1650
1
Total 21857.5
Total Cost (Rs) : 133627.05
Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants
and water (Rs): 1.5% x 133627.05 : 2004.40575
Overheads and Contractor's profit (Rs) : 10% x 133627.05 : 13362.705
Overall Cost : (Rs) 148994.161
Rate per m3: 148994.1608 : 14899.4161
10
Q.2 Prepare the Rate analysis for R.C.C work using M20 Grade of Concrete with
2% of Steel.
R.C.C (M20)
Grade M 20
Lets assume we are calculating for 10
3
3
Volume of dry conrete m : 10 x 1.54: 15.4
Grade Components
M Cement Sand Agg Steel (%)
20 1 1.5 3 2
1 + 1.5 + 3
Volume of Cement: 2.8 m3
4032 Kg
No of Bags : 4032
50
Sand (m3): 2.8 x 1.5 : 4.2 m3
3 3
Aggregates (m ): 2.8 x 3 : 8.4 m
3 3
Steel (m ): 10 x 2 % : 0.2 m
Kg: 0.2 x 7850 : 1570 Kg
Binding Wire : 15.7 Kg
Formwork: 1 x 65 : 65 m2
(65 m per 10 m3)
2
Cost of Material
Amount
Sr. No. Material Quatity Units Rate (Rs)
1 Cement 80.64 Bags 350 28224
2 River Sand 4.20 m3 2648 11121.6
3 Aggregates 8.40 m3 883 7417.2
4 Steel 1570 kg 45 70650
5 Binding wire 15.7 kg 55 863.5
6 Formwork 65 m2 450 29250
Total : 147526.3
Cost of Labour
Item: R.C.C Work
Amount
Sr. No. Manpower Co-eff Number Rate (Rs)
a Concreting
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300
2 Mason 1 3 550 1650
b Reinforcement work
1 Bar Bender 15.7 550 8635
1
2 Male Mazdoor 15.7 400 6280
Centering Shutterring
c
Formwork
1 Carpenter 3 550 1650
1
Total 29315
Total Cost (Rs) : 176841.3
Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants 1.5% x 176841.3 : 2652.6195
Overheads and Contractor's profit (Rs) : 10% x 176841.3 : 17684.13
Overall Cost : (Rs) 197178.05
3
Rate per m : 197178.0495 : 19717.805
10
UCR
Prepare Rate Analysis For 45 m3 of U.C.R Masonry work with C:M
Q.1
Ratio 1:5
C:M Ratio: 1 : 5
Lets assume we are calculating for 45 m3
4.2 M3 of Dry Mortar is required for 10 M3 of U.C.R

Consider 25% Wastage in Rubble Quantity.
Quantity of Dry Mortar for 10 M3 : 4.2 m3
Quantity of Dry Mortar for Required : 18.9 m3
Quantity of Rubble Required (M3): 45 m3

Wastage in Rubble Quantity (M3) 11.25 m3
Quantity of Rubble Required (M3): 56.25 m3
Quantity of Cement (M3): 18.9

1 + 5
3
Quantity of Cement (M ): 3.15 m3
Quantity of Cement (Bags): 3.15 x 1440 Bags
50
Quantity of Cement (Bags): 90.72 Bags
3 3
Quantity of Sand (M ): 3.15 x 5 m
Quantity of Sand (M3): 15.75 m3
Sr. No. Material Unit Quantity Rate Amount

Stone Rubble
3
1 Masonry m 56.25 706 39712.5 Rs.
2 Cement Bags 90.72 350 31752 Rs.
3
3 River Sand m 15.75 2648 41706 Rs.
Total 113170.5 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: UCR
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 1350.00 Rs.
2 Mason 4.5 10 550 24750.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 19 400 34200.00 Rs.
Total 60300.00 Rs.
and water : 1.5% x 173471 : 2602.06 Rs.
Overheads and Contractor's profit: 10% x 173471 : 17347.05 Rs.
3
Rate per m : 193419.61 : 4298.21 Rs.
45
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar -Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Topic : Rate Analysis
UCR
Q.2 Prepare Rate Analysis of U.C.R Masonry work with C:M Ratio 1:4
C:M Ratio: 1 : 4


3
Quantity of Cement (M ): 4.2
1 + 4
3
50
3 3

Stone Rubble
1 Masonry m3 12.5 706 8825 Rs.
2 Cement Bags 24.192 350 8467.2 Rs.
3 River Sand m3 3.36 2648 8897.28 Rs.
Total 26189.48 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: UCR
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300.00 Rs.
2 Mason 1 10 550 5500.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 19 400 7600.00 Rs.
Total 13400.00 Rs.
Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants 1.5% x 39589.5 : 593.84 Rs.
Overheads and Contractor's profit: 10% x 39589.5 : 3958.95 Rs.
Rate per m3 : 44142.27 : 4414.23 Rs.
10
UCR
Prepare Rate Analysis of U.C.R Masonry work of 55 m3 with C:M
Q.3
Ratio 1:5
C:M Ratio: 1 : 5


3
Quantity of Cement (M ): 23.1
1 + 5
3
50
Quantity of Sand (M3): 3.85 x 5 m3


Stone Rubble
1 Masonry m3 68.75 706 48537.5 Rs.
2 Cement Bags 110.88 350 38808 Rs.
3 River Sand m3 19.25 2648 50974 Rs.
Total 138319.5 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: UCR
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 1650.00 Rs.
2 Mason 5.5 10 550 30250.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 19 400 41800.00 Rs.
Total 73700.00 Rs.
Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants 1.5% x 212020 : 3180.29 Rs.
Rate per m3 : 236401.74 : 4298.21 Rs.
55
UCR
Prepare Rate Analysis of U.C.R Masonry work of 35 m3 with C:M
Q.4
Ratio 1:4
C:M Ratio: 1 : 4


Quantity of Cement (M3): 14.7
1 + 4
3
50


Stone Rubble
1 Masonry m3 43.75 706 30887.5 Rs.
2 Cement Bags 84.672 350 29635.2 Rs.
3
3 River Sand m 11.76 2648 31140.48 Rs.
Total 91663.18 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: UCR
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 1050.00 Rs.
2 Mason 3.5 10 550 19250.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 19 400 26600.00 Rs.
Total 46900.00 Rs.
Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants 1.5% x 138563 : 2078.45 Rs.
Rate per m3 : 154497.95 : 4414.23 Rs.
35
D.P.C
Q 1 Prepare Rate Analysis for D.P.C work with 2.5 cm thickness for
M15 Grade
Grade of Concrete: M 15
DPC Thickness (mm): 25 mm
DPC Thickness (m): 0.025
2
Lets assume we are calculating for 100 m
3 3
Volume of wet Concrete m : 0.025 x 100 : 2.5 m
Volume of Dry Concrete m3: 2.5 x 1.54 : 3.85 m
3

1+ 2 + 4
Volume of Cement m3 : 0.55 m

3

792 Kg
No of Bags : 792
50
Sand (m3): 0.55 x 2: 1.1 m3
3
Aggregates (m ): 0.55 x 4: 2.2 m3
D.P.C 15.84 kg
( Per Bag of Cement 1 kg Damp Proofing Compound is required.)
1 Cement 15.84 Bags 350 5544.00 Rs.
2 River Sand 1.10 m3 2648 2912.80 Rs.
3
3 Aggregates 2.20 m 883 1942.60 Rs.
4 DPC 15.84 kg 50 792.00 Rs.
Total : 11191.40 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: DPC
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300 Rs.
2 Mason 1 8 550 4400 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 9 400 3600 Rs.
Total 8300 Rs.

Cost for contengencies, Tools and
Plants and water 1.5% x 19491 : 292.37 Rs.
Overheads and Contractor's profit 10% x 19491 : 1949.14 Rs.

Overall Cost 21732.91 Rs.
Rate per m2 21732.91 : 217.33 Rs.

100
D.P.C
Q1 Prepare Rate Analysis for D.P.C work with 2.5 cm thickness for
M20 Grade
Grade of Concrete: M 20
DPC Thickness (mm): 25 mm
DPC Thickness (m): 0.025
3
Volume of wet Concrete m : 0.025 x 100 : 2.5 m3
3
Volume of Dry Concrete m : 2.5 x 1.54 : 3.85 m3

1 + 1.5 + 3
Volume of Cement m3 : 0.7 m

3

1008 Kg
No of Bags : 1008
50
3
Sand (m ): 0.7 x 1.5 : 1.4 m3
3 3
Aggregates (m ): 0.7 x 3: 2.8 m
D.P.C 20.16 kg
( Per Bag of Cement 1 kg Damp Proofing Compound is required.)
1 Cement 20.16 Bags 350 7056.00 Rs.
3
2 River Sand 1.40 m 2648 3707.20 Rs.
3 Aggregates 2.80 m3 883 2472.40 Rs.
4 DPC 20.16 kg 50 1008.00 Rs.
Total : 14243.60 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: DPC
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300 Rs.
2 Mason 1 8 550 4400 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 9 400 3600 Rs.
Total 8300 Rs.

Overheads and Contractor's profit 10% x 22544 : 2254.36 Rs.
Overall Cost 25136.11 Rs.
Rate per m2 25136.11 : 251.36 Rs.

100
Q.1 Prepare Rate Analysis for Brickwork in Foundation and Plinth with C:M
Brickwork
C:M Ratio: 1 : 5
Standard Size of Brick (M): 0.19 x 0.09 x 0.09
Size of Brick including joint Thickness(M): 0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1
No of Bricks (With Mortar Joint): 10

0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1
No of Bricks (With Mortar Joint): 5000 Bricks
Volume of wet mortar: 10 - (5000 x 0.19 x 0.09 x 0.09)
3
Volume of wet mortar: 2.305 m
Additional Mortar for Frog Filling: 15% x 2.305
3
0.346 m
Total Volume of Wet Mortar: 2.651 m3
Volume of Dry Mortar: 1.33 x 2.651
3
3.525 m
Quantity of Cement: 3.525

1 + 5
3
Quantity of Cement (Bags) : 0.588 x 1440
50
Quantity of Cement (Bags) : 16.922 Bags
3
Quantity of Sand (M ): 0.588 x 5
3
Quantity of Sand (M ): 2.938 m3
Material Unit Quantity Rate Amount

Standard Bricks Nos 5000 5 25000.00 Rs.
Cement Bags 16.922 350 5922.84 Rs.
River Sand M3 2.938 2648 7779.60 Rs.
Total 38702.43 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: Brickwork in Foundation and Plinth
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300.00 Rs.
2 Mason 1 8 550 4400.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 16 400 6400.00 Rs.
Total 11100.00 Rs.
Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants and
water: 1.5% x 49802.43 : 747.04 Rs.
Overall Cost: 55529.71 Rs.
Rate per m3 : 55529.71 : 5552.97 Rs.

10
Prepare Rate Analysis for Brickwork in Foundation and Plinth of 55 m3 with

Q.2
C:M Ratio 1:5
Brickwork
C:M Ratio: 1 : 5
3
No of Bricks: 55
0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1
No of Bricks: 27500 Bricks
3
3
1.902 m
Total Volume of Wet Mortar: 14.579 m3
19.390 m3

1 + 5
3
50
3
3

Cement Bags 93.073 350 32575.60 Rs.
3
River Sand M 16.159 2648 42787.79 Rs.
Total 212863.38 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: Brickwork in Foundation and Plinth
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 1650.00 Rs.
2 Mason 5.5 8 550 24200.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 16 400 35200.00 Rs.
Total 61050.00 Rs.
Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants and 1.5% x 273913.4 : 4108.70 Rs.
3
Rate per m : 305413.42 : 5552.97 Rs.
55
Prepare Rate Analysis for Brickwork in superstructure ,first floor with C:M
Q.3
Ratio 1:4
Brickwork
C:M Ratio: 1 : 4
No of Bricks: 10
0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1
3
0.346 m3
3
Total Volume of Wet Mortar: 2.651 m
3.525 m3

1 + 4
3
50
3
3

Cement Bags 20.307 350 7107.40 Rs.
River Sand M3 2.820 2648 7468.41 Rs.
Scaffolding L.S 1 0 0.00
Total 39575.82 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: Brickwork in Superstructure First floor
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300.00 Rs.
2 Mason 1 9 550 4950.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 20 400 8000.00 Rs.
Total 13250.00 Rs.
Rate per m3 : 58900.79 : 5890.08 Rs.

10
Prepare Rate Analysis of 35 m3 Brickwork in superstructure ,Ground floor

Q.4
with C:M Ratio 1:4
Brickwork
C:M Ratio: 1 : 4
No of Bricks: 35
0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1
3
1.210 m3
3
Total Volume of Wet Mortar: 9.278 m
12.339 m3

1 + 4
3
50
Quantity of Sand (M3): 2.468 x 4

Cement Bags 71.074 350 24875.91 Rs.
River Sand M3 9.871 2648 26139.45 Rs.
Scaffolding L.S 1 350 350.00 Rs.
Total 138865.36 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: Brickwork in Superstructure Groundfloor
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 1050.00 Rs.
2 Mason 3.5 8 550 15400.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 16 400 22400.00 Rs.
Total 38850.00 Rs.
Rate per m3 : 198152.63 : 5661.50 Rs.

35
Flooring
Prepare rate analysis for Ceramic tile flooring with base course of 25 mm
Q.1
and C:M ratio 1:6.
Thickness of Base Course (mm): 25 mm
Thickness (M): 0.025 M
C:M Ratio: 1 : 6
2
Volume of wet mortar (m3): 0.025 x 100 m3
3
2.5 m
Add for Joints, Depression filling and wastage: (20%) 0.2 x 2.5 m3
3
0.5 m
3
Total Volume of wet mortar (m ): 3 m3
Volume of dry mortar (m3): 1.33 x 3 m3

3 3
Volume of dry mortar (m ): 3.99 m
Quantity of Cement (M3): 3.99 m3

1 + 6
Quantity of Cement (M3): 0.57 m3

50

3
Cement for Slurry: 4.4 x 100 kg
2
(4.4 Kg/M )
Cement (kg): 440 kg
Cement Bags for Slurry: 440 Bags

50
Cement Bags for Slurry: 8.80 Bags
Total Cement Bags: 25.22 Bags
Ceramic Tiles: 100 m2

2
Wastage (10%): 10.00 m
Total: 110.00 m2

Cement Bags 25.22 350 8825.6 Rs.
River Sand m3 3.42 2648 9056.16 Rs.
2
Ceramic Tiles (450x450) m 110.00 323 35530 Rs.
Total 53411.76 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: Tile Flooring
1 Head Mason 1 600 600.00 Rs.
2 Mason 1 20 550 11000.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 21 400 8400.00 Rs.
Total 20000.00 Rs.

Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants and water: 1.5% x 73411.8 : 1101.1764 Rs.
Grand Total: 81854.112 Rs.
Rate per m3 : 81854.112 : 818.54112 Rs.

100
Flooring
Prepare rate analysis for Ceramic tile flooring with base course of 25 mm
Q.2 2
and C:M ratio 1:6 for 400 m
Thickness of Base Course (mm): 25 mm
C:M Ratio: 1 : 6
2
3
Volume of wet mortar (m ): 0.025 x 400 m3
3
10 m
Add for Joints, Depression filling and wastage: (20%) 0.2 x 10 m3
3
2 m
3 3
Total Volume of wet mortar (m ): 12 m
3 3
Volume of dry mortar (m ): 1.33 x 12 m
3
Volume of dry mortar (m ): 15.96 m3
3 3
Quantity of Cement (M ): 15.96 m
1 + 6
3 3

50

3
Cement for Slurry: 4.4 x 400 kg
(4.4 Kg/M2)
Cement (kg): 1760 kg
Cement Bags for Slurry: 1760 Bags

50
Cement Bags for Slurry: 35.20 Bags
Total Cement Bags: 100.86 Bags
2
Ceramic Tiles: 400 m
2
Wastage (10%): 40.00 m
Total: 440.00 m2

Cement Bags 100.86 350 35302.4 Rs.
River Sand m3 13.68 2648 36224.64 Rs.
Ceramic Tiles (450x450) m2 440.00 323 142120 Rs.
Total 213647.04 Rs.
Cost of Labour
Item: Tile Flooring
1 Head Mason 1 600 2400.00 Rs.
2 Mason 4 20 550 44000.00 Rs.
3 Male Mazdoor 21 400 33600.00 Rs.
Total 80000.00 Rs.

Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants and water: 1.5% x 293647 : 4404.7056 Rs.
Grand Total: 327416.45 Rs.
Rate per m3 : 327416.450 : 818.54112 Rs.

400
Plastering
Prepare rate analysis for plastering work with C:M Ratio 1:4
Q.1
and plaster thickness 6mm
Thickness (mm): 6 mm
C:M Ratio: 1 : 4
Volume of wet Mortar: 0.006 x 100 m3
3 3
Volume of wet Mortar (m ): 0.6 m
Add for Joints, Depression filling and
wastage: (20%) 0.2 x 0.6 m3
3
0.12 m
Total volume of wet mortar (m3): 0.72 m3
3 3
Volume of dry mortar (m ): 1.33 x 0.72 m
Volume of dry mortar (m3): 0.96 m3
3 3
1 + 4
3

50
3 3

Cement Bags 5.52 350 1930.52
River Sand m3 0.77 2648 2028.58
Scaffolding L.S. 1.00 350 350.00
Total 4309.10
Cost of Labour
Item: 6 mm Thick Cement Plaster
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300.00
2 Mason 1 10 550 5500.00
3 Male Mazdoor 12 400 4800.00
Total 10600.00
Total Cost 14909.10
and water : 1.5% x 14909 : 223.63652
Overheads and Contractor's profit : 10% x 14909 : 1490.9101
Overall Cost : 16623.648
Rate per m2 : 16623.648 : 166.23648
100
Plastering
Prepare rate analysis for plastering work with C:M Ratio 1:5
Q.2
and plaster thickness 12mm
Thickness (mm): 12 mm
C:M Ratio: 1 : 5
Volume of wet Mortar: 0.012 x 100 m3
3 3
Volume
Add for Joints, of wet Mortar
Depression filling(m
and ): 1.2 m
wastage: (20%) 0.2 x 1.2 m3
3
0.24 m
Total volume of wet mortar (m3): 1.44 m3
3 3
Volume of dry mortar (m ): 1.33 x 1.44 m
Volume of dry mortar (m3): 1.92 m3
3 3
1 + 5
3

50
3 3

Cement Bags 9.19 350 3217.54
River Sand m3 1.60 2648 4226.21
Scaffolding L.S. 1.00 350 350.00
Total 7793.74
Cost of Labour
Item: 12 mm Thick Cement Plaster
1 Head Mason 0.5 600 300.00
2 Mason 1 10 550 5500.00
3 Male Mazdoor 15 400 6000.00
Total 11800.00
Total Cost 19593.74
Cost for contengencies, Tools and Plants 1.5% x 19594 : 293.90616
Overheads and Contractor's profit : 10% x 19594 : 1959.3744
Overall Cost : 21847.025
2
Rate per m : 21847.025 : 218.47025
100
1. Mid-Section Formula
In this formula, Mean Depth is to be calculated first by averaging
the depth of two consecutive sections.
From the mean depth, the area of mid-section is to be worked out
and volume of earthwork is to be computed.
Volume of Earthwork: Am x L
Where;
Am = Area of Mid-section
L: Length or Distance between two Consecutive Sections.
To calculate the area we have to calculate the depth of the section
first.
𝑑1 + 𝑑2
𝑑𝑚 =
2
1 2 1 2
𝐴𝑚 = 𝐵𝑑𝑚 + 𝑠𝑑𝑚 + 𝑠𝑑𝑚
2 2
2
𝐴𝑚 = 𝐵𝑑𝑚 + 𝑠𝑑𝑚
V = Am x L
2 )
𝑉 = (𝐵𝑑𝑚 + 𝑠𝑑𝑚 𝑥𝐿

2. Trapezoidal Formula or Average End Area or Mean Sectional

Area Formula
This method is based on the assumption that the mid area of
pyramid is half the average area of the ends and end sections are
in parallel planes.
If A1 and A2 are the areas of the ends and L is the length between
two consecutive sections.
V = Am x L
𝐴1 + 𝐴2
𝐴𝑚 =
2
𝐴1 + 𝐴2
𝑉 =( )𝑥 𝐿
2
Let’s calculate the volume of the earthwork between a number of
consecutive sections, having areas A1, A2, A3, A4..........An-1, An
spaced at an common distance or Length L.
𝐴1 + 𝐴2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴2 = ( )𝑥 𝐿
2
𝐴2 + 𝐴3
2
𝐴3 + 𝐴4
2
𝐴𝑛−1 + 𝐴𝑛
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴 𝑛 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑛 = ( )𝑥 𝐿
2
𝐿
Total Volume: ( 𝐴1 + 2𝐴2 + 2𝐴3 + 2𝐴4 + ⋯ … … … + 2𝐴𝑛−1 +
2
𝐴𝑛

Estimate quantity of earthwork for embankment of 120 meter

long and 8 meter wide at formation level and whose side slope
is 2:1. The Central height from Origin to every 30 meter
intervals are 0.6 m , 1.2 m, 1.6 m , 2.0 m, 1.3 m.
𝐴1 = 𝐵𝑑1 + 𝑠𝑑52 = 5.52 m2 d1 = 0.6
𝐴2 = 𝐵𝑑2 + 𝑠𝑑22 = 12.48 m2 d2 = 1.2
𝐴3 = 𝐵𝑑3 + 𝑠𝑑32 = 17.92 m2 d3 = 1.6
𝐴4 = 𝐵𝑑4 + 𝑠𝑑42 = 24 m2 d4 = 2.0
𝐴5 = 𝐵𝑑5 + 𝑠𝑑52 = 13.78 m2 d5 = 1.3
𝐿
Total Volume: ( 𝐴1 + 2𝐴2 + 2𝐴3 + 2𝐴4 + ⋯ … + 2𝐴𝑛−1 + 𝐴𝑛 )
2
30
Total Volume: ( 5.52 + 2 𝑥 (12.48 + 17.92 + 24) + 13.78) )
2
Total Volume: 15 x 128.1 = 1921.5 m2

3. Prismoidal Formula
This method is based on the assumption that A1 and A2 are the
areas at the ends and L is the length between the ends and Am is
the area of mid-section parallel to ends.
Volume of the prism having end faces in parallel planes.
𝐿
V= ( 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 4𝐴𝑚 )
6
This is known as prismoidal formula, applicable to calculate

quantity of earthwork for a single strip only having three cross
sections, A1, A2 and Am.
𝐿
V= ( 𝐴1 + 𝐴𝑛 + 4𝛴𝐴𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 + 2𝛴𝐴𝑜𝑑𝑑 )
3
This is known as prismoidal formula, applicable to calculate

quantity of earthwork for a single strip having odd number of
cross sections, A1 , A2 and Am .
Estimate quantity of earthwork for embankment of 120 meter
long and 8 meter wide at formation level and whose side slope
is 2:1. The Central height from Origin to every 30 meter
intervals are 0.6 m , 1.2 m, 1.6 m , 2.0 m, 1.3 m.
𝐴1 = 𝐵𝑑1 + 𝑠𝑑52 = 5.52 m2 d1 = 0.6
𝐴2 = 𝐵𝑑2 + 𝑠𝑑22 = 12.48 m2 d2 = 1.2
𝐴3 = 𝐵𝑑3 + 𝑠𝑑32 = 17.92 m2 d3 = 1.6
𝐴4 = 𝐵𝑑4 + 𝑠𝑑42 = 24 m2 d4 = 2.0
𝐴5 = 𝐵𝑑5 + 𝑠𝑑52 = 13.78 m2 d5 = 1.3
𝐿
V= ( 𝐴1 + 𝐴𝑛 + 4𝛴𝐴𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 + 2𝛴𝐴𝑜𝑑𝑑 )
3
30
V= ( 5.52 + 13.78 + 4𝛴(12.48 + 24) + 2𝛴(17.92))
3
30
V= ( 5.52 + 13.78 + 49.92 + 96 + 35.84)
3

30
V= ( 201.06)
3
V = 2010.6 m3

Mr. Aditya D. Ahirwar Topic : Roads (Excavation)
Estimate quantity of earthwork for embankment of 120 meter long and 8 meter wide at formation level and whose
1
side slope is 2:1. The Central height from Origin to every 30 meter intervals are 0.6 m , 1.2 m, 1.6 m , 2.0 m, 1.3 m.
Given:
a) Total Length: 120 m
b) Width : (B) 8m
c) Side Slope: (S) 2 :1
Area of Length
Station Mean Area of
Depth or Central Total Area between Quantity
or Depth Sides
(G.L - F.L) Portion Stations
Chainage
dm Bdm Sdm2 Bdm+Sdm2 L Embankment Cutting
(m) (m) (Sq m) (Sq m) (Sq m) (m) Cu m Cu m
0 0.6
1 1.2 0.90 7.2 1.62 8.82 30 264.6
2 1.6 1.40 11.2 3.92 15.12 30 453.6
3 2 1.80 14.4 6.48 20.88 30 626.4
4 1.3 1.65 13.2 5.445 18.645 30 559.35
Total quantity of Earthwork : 1903.95
Estimate quantity of earthwork for cutting of 150 meter long and 8 meter wide at formation level and whose side
2
slope is 3:1. The Central height from Origin to every 30 meter intervals are 0.8 m , 1.6 m, 1.8 m , 2.0 m, 2.2 m, 1.3 m.
Given:
a) Total Length: 150 m
b) Width : (B) 8m
c) Side Slope: (S) 3 :1
Area of Length
Station Mean Area of
Depth or Central Total Area between Quantity
or Depth Sides
(G.L - F.L) Portion Stations
Chainage
dm Bdm Sdm2 Bdm+Sdm2 L Embankment Cutting
0 0.8
1 1.6 1.20 9.6 4.32 13.92 30 417.6
2 1.8 1.70 13.6 8.67 22.27 30 668.1
3 2 1.90 15.2 10.83 26.03 30 780.9
4 2.2 2.10 16.8 13.23 30.03 30 900.9
5 1.3 1.75 14 9.1875 23.1875 30 695.625
Total quantity of Earthwork : 3463.125
Mr.Aditya D. Ahirwar - Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Topic : Roads (Excavation)
Mr. Aditya D. Ahirwar Topic : Roads (Earthwork)
Prepare estimate for portion of road for chainage 14 to 22 from data given below. Draw longitudinal and typical cross
1 section for cutting and embankment. The Formation width of proposed road is 12 m. Side slopes 1.5 : 1 in cutting and
2:1 in banking
Chainage 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
R.L of
Ground 108.6 109.25 109.4 108.85 108.5 107.25 106.8 107.15 107.2
Road is proposed at uniform falling gradient 1 in 200 passing through Ground level at chainage 14. 1 : 200
Length of Chain: 30 m
For gradient of 1 in 200, Change of level per 30 meter Chain: 30 : 0.15
200
Given:
1 Width : (B) 12 m
2 Side Slope: (S)
Banking 2 :1 Cutting: 1.5 : 1
Chainage 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
R.L of
Ground 108.6 109.25 109.4 108.85 108.5 107.25 106.8 107.15 107.2
R.L of
Formation 108.6 108.45 108.3 108.15 108 107.85 107.7 107.55 107.4
Depth 0 -0.8 -1.1 -0.7 -0.5 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.2
(F.L-G.L)
Area of Length
Mean Area of
Station or Depth or Central S Total Area between Quantity
Depth Sides
Chainage (F.L- G.L) Portion Stations
2 2
dm Bdm Sdm Bdm+Sdm L Cutting Banking
14 0
15 -0.8 -0.40 4.8 1.5 0.24 5.04 30.00 151.20 0.00
16 -1.1 -0.95 11.4 1.5 1.35 12.75 30.00 382.61 0.00
17 -0.7 -0.90 10.8 1.5 1.22 12.02 30.00 360.45 0.00
18 -0.5 -0.60 7.2 1.5 0.54 7.74 30.00 232.20 0.00
Intersection 0 -0.25 3 1.5 0.09 3.09 14.00 43.31 0.00
19 0.6 0.30 3.6 2 0.18 3.78 16.00 0.00 60.48
20 0.9 0.75 9 2 1.12 10.12 30.00 0.00 303.75
21 0.4 0.65 7.8 2 0.84 8.64 30.00 0.00 259.35
22 0.2 0.30 3.6 2 0.18 3.78 30.00 0.00 113.40
Total quantity of Earthwork : 1169.78 736.98
110
X : (30-X)
0.5 0.6
109.5
1.1 X : 15 109.4
1X: 13.64 approx 14 109.25
(30-X): 16.00 109

108.85
108.6
108.5 108.5
108.45
108.3
108.15
108 108
107.85
R.L
107.7
107.5 107.55
107.4
107.25 107.2
107.15
107
106.8
106.5
106
105.5
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Chainages/ Stations
Formation Level Ground Level
Mr. Aditya Ahirwar- Quantity Survey Estimation and Valuation Topic : Roads (Earthwork)
2:1 in banking
Chainage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
R.L of
Ground 131.1 131.2 130.9 131.2 130.8 130.7 130.6 130.4 129.1 129.5 129.7
Fomation level Starts at 130 m
Road is proposed at uniform falling gradient 1 in 200 passing through Ground level at chainage 1. 1 : 200
200
Given:
1 Width : (B) 10 m
2 Side Slope: (S)
Chainage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
R.L of
Ground 131.1 131.2 130.9 131.2 130.8 130.7 130.6 130.4 129.1 129.5 129.7
R.L of
Formation 130 130.1 130.2 130.3 130.4 130.5 130.6 130.7 130.8 130.9 131
Depth -1.1 -1.1 -0.7 -0.9 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.3 1.7 1.4 1.3
(F.L-G.L)
Area of Length
Mean Side Area of
Station or Depth or Central Total Area between Quantity
Depth Slope Sides
2 2
S
1 -1.1
2 -1.1 -1.10 11.00 1.5 1.81 12.81 20.00 256.30
3 -0.7 -0.90 9.00 1.5 1.22 10.22 20.00 204.30
4 -0.9 -0.80 8.00 1.5 0.96 8.96 20.00 179.20
5 -0.4 -0.65 6.50 1.5 0.63 7.13 20.00 142.68
6 -0.2 -0.30 3.00 1.5 0.14 3.14 20.00 62.70
7 0 -0.10 1.00 1.5 0.02 1.02 20.00 20.30
8 0.3 0.15 1.50 2 0.04 1.54 20.00 30.90
9 1.7 1.00 10.00 2 2.00 12.00 20.00 240.00
10 1.4 1.55 15.50 2 4.80 20.30 20.00 406.10
11 1.3 1.35 13.50 2 3.64 17.14 20.00 342.90
131.2 131.2
131.1
131 131
130.9 130.9
130.8 130.8
130.7 130.7
130.6
130.5 130.5
130.4 130.4
130.3
R.L
130.2
130.1
130 130
129.7
129.5 129.5
Formation Level
Ground Level
129.1
129
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Chainages /Stations
2:1 in banking
Chainage 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540

R.L of
73.12 72.44 71.86 72.08 71.3 70.8 70.54 70.82 70.96 71.5
Ground
R.L of 72.42 Downward Gradient 0.8% Upward Gradient 0.5%
Formation
Fomation level Starts at 72.42 m
Road is proposed at uniform falling gradient of 0.8% 0.8 : 100
For gradient of 0.8% , Change of level per 60 meter Chain: 0.8 x 60 = 48 : 0.48
100 100
Road is proposed at uniform Rising gradient of 0.5% 0.5 : 100

For gradient of 0.5% , Change of level per 60 meter Chain: 0.5 x 60 = 30 : 0.3
100 100
1 Width : (B) 10 m
2 Side Slope: (S)
Chainage 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540

R.L of
Ground 73.12 72.44 71.86 72.08 71.3 70.8 70.54 70.82 70.96 71.5
R.L of
Formation 72.42 71.94 71.46 70.98 70.5 70.8 71.1 71.4 71.7 72
Depth -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -1.1 -0.8 0 0.56 0.58 0.74 0.5
(F.L-G.L)
Area of Length
Mean Side Area of
Depth Slope Sides
2 2
S
0 -0.7
60 -0.5 -0.60 6.00 1.5 0.54 6.54 60.00 392.40
120 -0.4 -0.45 4.50 1.5 0.30 4.80 60.00 288.23
180 -1.1 -0.75 7.50 1.5 0.84 8.34 60.00 500.63
240 -0.8 -0.95 9.50 1.5 1.35 10.85 60.00 651.23
300 0 -0.40 4.00 1.5 0.24 4.24 60.00 254.40
360 0.56 0.28 2.80 2 0.16 2.96 60.00 177.41
420 0.58 0.57 5.70 2 0.65 6.35 60.00 380.99
480 0.74 0.66 6.60 2 0.87 7.47 60.00 448.27
540 0.5 0.62 6.20 2 0.77 6.97 60.00 418.13
74
Formation Level
73.5 Ground Level
73.12
73
72.5 72.44
R.L.
72.08
72
71.86
71.5 71.5
71.3
71 70.96
70.8 70.82
70.5 70.54
70
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
Chainages /Stations
4 section for cutting and embankment. The Formation width of proposed road is 10 m. Side slope is 1 in cutting and 2 in
banking
Chainage 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
R.L of 88.20,
88.1 87.74 87.8 90.75 90.2 89.98
Ground 90.40
Fomation level Starts at 88.50 m
Road is proposed at uniform Rising gradient of 1 in 100 1 : 100
100
Given:
1 Width : (B) 10 m
2 Side Slope: (S)
Banking 2 :1 Cutting: 1 :1
Chainage 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26
R.L of
Ground 88.1 87.74 87.8 88.2 90.4 90.75 90.2 89.98
R.L of
Formation 88.5 88.7 88.9 89.1 89.1 89.3 89.5 89.7
Depth 0.4 0.96 1.1 0.9 -1.3 -1.45 -0.7 -0.28
(F.L-G.L)
Area of Length
Mean Side Area of
Depth Slope Sides
2 2
S
20 0.4
21 0.96 0.68 6.80 2 0.92 7.72 20.00 0.00 154.50
22 1.1 1.03 10.30 2 2.12 12.42 20.00 0.00 248.44
0.9 1.00 10.00 2 2.00 12.00 20.00 0.00 240.00
23
-1.3
24 -1.45 -1.37 13.75 1 1.89 15.64 20.00 312.81 0.00
25 -0.7 -1.07 10.75 1 1.16 11.91 20.00 238.11 0.00
26 -0.28 -0.49 4.90 1 0.24 5.14 20.00 102.80 0.00
SPOT LEVEL FOR VOLUMES

Spot levels are required to calculate the volume of earthwork for
large areas or from borrow pits. To calculate volumes of
earthwork for the above cases, the area is divided into number of
squares, rectangle or triangles. Original surface levels at the spot
of each corner are taken before excavation.
The Difference of levels for all the points are worked out to
determine the depth of excavation at each such point.
Size and shape of an unit area into which the site should be
divided depends upon nature of undulations of ground surface
and required degree of accuracy.

Valuation
Valuation is art of assessing the preset fair value of the property at starting time.
Valuation of anything is as estimate of value of that things in terms of money.
In valuation, Rise and fall of fair price can occur in very short span of time.
Purpose of Valuation:
1. Purchase of property for Investment:
Property is purchased for investment. For this purpose valuation of property becomes
necessary.
2. Tax Fixation
To fix up municipal tax of the property, valuation is essential by municipal authority which
depends on class of city and trade importance.
3. Sale
For sale of property, valuation becomes necessary depending upon price that can be obtained
in market which seller consider as reserve price below which any offer will be rejected.
4. Rent Fixation
Valuation is necessary to determine or justify the rent of property as per standard rent or fair
rent as per rent control act.
COST
Cost means actual cost of construction.
Cost can be calculated after accounting day to day expenses from starting to completion.
PRICE
This is an amount worked out after adding contractor’s profit, interest on investment and cost
of production.
VALUE
Value means it’s worth or utility.
Value varies from time to time and depends largely on supply of particular type of property
and extent of demand for it.
Depreciation
Depreciation is loss of value of property due to its use, life, wear and tear, decay and
obsolescence.
Assessment of physical wear and tear of building or property and is naturally dependent on its
original condition, quality of maintenance and mode of use.
Value of building or property decreases gradually up to its utility period due to depreciation.

Type of Depreciation
Physical Depreciation
a. Wear and Tear from operation

b. Physical depreciation may also be due to action of time and elements.
Functional Depreciation
a. Inadequacy
b. Obsolescence: it is defined as loss of value of property due to change in fashion,
design, structure, inadequacy to fulfill current needs and requirements, Necessity of
replacement due to new invention etc.
An apartment which becomes increasingly difficult to rent out is said to suffer from
obsolescence.
Contingent Depreciation
a. Accident – Due to negligence, Structural Defect

b. Disease – Parasites, Pollution of Water etc.
Scrap Value
Scrap value is the value of dismantled material of property at the end of the utility period.
When it is applied to an old building which has outlived its useful span, repairing for reuse of
building is not feasible or not viable, a certain amount can be obtained by selling of old useful
material.
Scrap value of building is usually considered as 10% of the cost of construction.
Salvage Value
It is an estimated value of the built up property at the end of the useful life without being
dismantled.
This is generally accounted by deducting depreciation from its construction cost.
Market Value
Market value of the property is the value at which it can be sold in open market at particular
time.
In open market means, property is offered for sale by advertising in daily newspaper and all
necessary steps are adopted so that every person who desires to purchase the same can make
an offer.
Market value should be free from forced value or sentimental value.

Distress value or Forced Sell Value
In case, property is sold at lower price than market value at that time it is said to have distress
value.
Such distress value is due to any one of the following reasons:
a. Financial difficulties of seller

b. Court Decree
c. Quarrel among partners
d. Panic due to war
Sentimental Value
When property is sold or purchased at higher value than market value due to playing of
sentiments in mind of owner or purchaser, this is known as sentimental value
This may cause due to following reasons:
a. Owner is too much attached.

b. Situation and class of property suits prospective purchaser
c. When two prospective purchaser willing to outbid each other
Book Value
Value of property shown in account book in that particular year
Book Value = Original Cost – Total Depreciation in that year
Sinking Fund
Sinking fund is an amount which has to be set aside at fixed interval of time (say annually) out
of a gross income so that at the end of the useful life of building or property, fund should
accumulate equivalent to initial cost of property.
A building become useless after certain years, hence it becomes necessary to accumulate the
sum required for rebuilding the premises.
Sinking fund is dependent on:
1. Life of the building

2. Rate of Interest
(𝐶−𝑆) x 𝑖
Sinking Fund =
(1+𝑖)𝑛 −1
Where
C = Cost of Construction
S = Scrap Value
i= Rate of interest
n = Service Life or useful life

Methods of Calculating Depreciation
a. Straight Line Method

b. Constant Percentage Method
c. Sinking Fund Method
A. Straight Line Method
This method assumes loss of value of property is directly proportional to its age.
Value of machine or property decreases from purchase cost of scrap value at uniform rate
of depreciation.
𝐶−𝑆
Depreciation = D m =
𝑛
C = Purchase cost or construction cost or initial cost.
S = Scrap Value
n = Service life
m = Year When depreciation
BV m= Book Value
Year (m) 𝑪−𝑺 BVm = BV m-1 – Dm

Dm=
𝒏
B. Constant Percentage Method

Determining value of equipment is much greater in early years hence equipment depreciate
rapidly in early years and later on depreciate slowly.
It is better to depreciate much during early years when repair and maintenance are not costly.
In this method book value goes on decreasing.
Certain percentage of current book value is taken as depreciation. Therefore it is also called as
“Book Value Percentage Method.”
𝟏
𝑺 𝒏
Year (m) R=𝟏−( ) D m = BV m-1 x R BVm = BV m-1 – Dm
𝑪

C. Sinking Fund Method

In this method, depreciation is assumed to be annual sinking fund plus the interest
on accumulated sinking fund.
SF = D m = SF + Σ ( D m-1) x i
Year (m) (1+𝑖)𝑛 −1 BVm = BV m-1 – Dm
Q.1 Cost of construction is 20 Lakhs and expected life is 10 years. Salvage value at the end of
useful life is 10% of purchase cost. Determine salvage value ad depreciation at the end of
each year using following methods,
a. Straight Line Method

b. Constant Percentage Method
c. Sinking Fund Method
A. Straight Line Method
Cost of Construction = C = 20, 00,000/- 𝑪−𝑺

Salvage Value = S= 10% of cost of construction Dm=
𝒏
Salvage Value = 10% of 20, 00,000 /-
Salvage Value = S =Rs. 2, 00,000/- D m = 1,80,000/-
Service Life = n = 10 Years
Year (m) 𝑪−𝑺 BVm = BV m-1 – Dm

Dm=
𝒏
1 1, 80,000 BV 1 = 20,00,000 – 1,80,000 = 18,20,000/-

2 1, 80,000 BV 2 = 18,20,000 – 1,80,000 = 16,40,000/-
3 1, 80,000 BV 3 = 16,40,000 – 1,80,000 = 14,60,000/-
4 1, 80,000 BV 4 = 14,60,000 – 1,80,000 = 12,80,000/-
5 1, 80,000 BV 5 = 12,80,000 – 1,80,000 = 11,00,000/-
6 1, 80,000 BV 6 = 11,00,000 – 1,80,000 = 9,20,000/-
7 1, 80,000 BV 7 = 9,20,000 – 1,80,000 = 7,40,000/-
8 1, 80,000 BV 8 = 7,40,000 – 1,80,000 = 5,60,000/-
9 1, 80,000 BV 9 = 5,60,000 – 1,80,000 = 3,80,000/-
10 1, 80,000 BV 10 = 3,80,000 – 1,80,000 = 2,00,000/-

B. Constant Percentage Method

Cost of Construction = C = 20, 00,000/-
Salvage Value = S= 10% of cost of construction
Salvage Value = 10% of 20, 00,000 /-
Salvage Value = S =Rs. 2, 00,000/-
𝟏
𝑺 𝒏
Rm = 𝟏 − ( )
𝑪
𝟏
𝟐,𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎
Rm = 𝟏 − (
𝟐𝟎,𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎)
Rm = 0.2056
Year (m) Rm D m = BV m-1 x Rm BVm = BV m-1 – Dm

1 0.2056 D 1 = 20,00,000 x Rm BV1 = 20,00,000 – 4,11,343.53
D 1 = 4,11,343.53 BV1= 15,88,656.46
2 0.2056 D 2 = 15,88,656.46 x Rm BV2 = 15,88,656.46 – 3,26,627
D 2 = 3,26,627 BV2= 12,62,028.22
3 0.2056 D 3 = 12,52,028.22 x Rm BV3 = 12,62,028.22 – 2,59,473
D 3 = 2,59,473 BV3= 10,02,555.84
4 0.2056 D 4 = 10,02,555.84x Rm BV4 = 10,02,555.84 – 2,60,125.35
D 4 = 2,60,125.35 BV4= 7,96,430.49
5 0.2056 D 5 =7,96,430.49x Rm BV5 = 7,96,430.49 - 1,63,746.10
D 5 = 1,63,746.10 BV5= 6,32,684.39
6 0.2056 D 6 =6,32,684.39 x Rm BV6 = 6,32,684.39 - 1,30,079.91
D 6 = 1,30,079.91 BV6= 5,02,604.48
7 0.2056 D 7 = 5,02,604.48x Rm BV7 = 5,02,604.48 - 1,03,335.48
D 7 = 1,03,335.48 BV7= 3,99,268.92
8 0.2056 D 8 = 3,99,268.92 x Rm BV8 = 3,99,268.92 - 82,089.70
D 8 = 82,089.70 BV8= 3,17,179.22
9 0.2056 D 9 = 3,17,179.22 x Rm BV9 = 3,17,179.22 - 65,212.047
D 9 = 65,212.047 BV9= 2,51,967.173
10 0.2056 D 10 = 2,51,967.173 x Rm BV10 = 2,51,967.173 - 51,804.45
D 10 = 51,804.45 BV10= 2,00,162.723

C. Sinking Fund Method

Cost of Construction = C = 20, 00,000/-
Salvage Value = S= 10% of cost of construction
Salvage Value = 10% of 20, 00,000 /-
Salvage Value = S =Rs. 2, 00,000/-
Rate of Interest = 10 %
(𝐶 − 𝑆) x 𝑖
𝑆𝐹 =
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
(20,00,000−2,00,000) x 0.10
𝑆𝐹 = (1+0.10)10 −1
= Rs. 1, 12,941.71/-
Year Sinking
(m) Fund (SF) D m = SF + Σ ( D m-1) x i BVm = BV m-1 – Dm
1 1, 12,941.71 D 1 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ ( 0 ) x 0.1 BV1 = 20,00,000 – D1
D 1 = 1,12,941.71 BV1 = 18,87,058.29
2 1, 12,941.71 D 2 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ ( 1,12,941.71 ) x 0.1 BV2 =18,87,058.29 – D2
D 2 = 1,24,235.881 BV2 = 17,62,822.41
3 1, 12,941.71 D 3 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ (2,37,177.59 ) x 0.1 BV3 =17,62,822.41– D3
D 3 = 1,36,659.46 BV3 =16,26,162.94
4 1, 12,941.71 D 4 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ (3,73,837.05 ) x 0.1 BV4 =16,26,162.94 - D4
D 4 = 1,50,325.41 BV4 = 14,75,837.53
5 1, 12,941.71 D 5 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ (5,24,162.46) x 0.1 BV5 =14,75,837.53– D5
D 5 = 1,65,357.946 BV5 = 13,10,479.58
6 1, 12,941.71 D 6 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ (6,89,520.406 ) x 0.1 BV6 =13,10,479.58– D6
D 6 = 1,81,893.75 BV6 = 11,28,585.83
7 1, 12,941.71 D 7 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ (8,71,414.136 ) x 0.1 BV7 =11,28,585.83 – D7
D 7 = 2,00,083.126 BV7 = 9,28,502.704
8 1, 12,941.71 D 8 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ (10,71,497.28) x 0.1 BV8 =9,28,502.704– D8
D 8 = 2,20,091.438 BV8 = 7,08,411.26
9 1, 12,941.71 D 9 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ (12,91,588.72) x 0.1 BV9 =7,08,411.26 – D9
D 9 = 2,42,100.582 BV9 = 4,66,310.68
10 1, 12,941.71 D 10 = 1, 12,941.71 + Σ (15,33,689.3) x 0.1 BV10 =4,66,310.68 – D10
D 10 = 2,66,310.64 BV10 =2,00,000.044

Gross Income
Gross Income is the total income or receipt from all sources without deducting out goings.
Out Goings –
a. Taxes
b. Maintenance
c. Collection
d. Replacement
e. Ground Rent
Out Goings are the expenses to be made by virtue of being in possession of property and also
expenses of maintaining the property.
a. Taxes – These includes Municipal Taxes
Amount of taxes to be deducted will vary from place to place and in accordance to law in force.
For Big Properties wealth tax and property tax are also payable as imposed by government.
(Usually taken as 10 % of the Rent)
b. Repair and Maintenance
An amount is provided for annual repair of the building to keep the same in sound condition,
although actual repair are taken in hand periodically.
(Usually 10% of gross rent is provided as repair and maintenance cost for valuation purpose.)
c. Insurance
Amount of actual insurance premium is considered as outgoing expenses.
A Property may not be insured at all, but this does not mean that no deduction should be made
for insurance premium.
d. Loss of Rent
Amount of rent for the period when property remain vacant will not be fetched. Therefore loss
of rent is considered as outgoing expenses and deducted from calculated gross rent.
Part of property may remain vacant for some time and will not fetch rent in that period. This
will cause loss of rent which is considered as outgoing expenses.
e. Income Tax
Income from property is subjected to income tax which is accessed in accordance to rules of
income tax act.
Net Income:
Net income is gross income less all the outgoings which includes tax, premium, repair, loss of
rent and sinking fund.

Perpetual Income:
Income receivable for an indefinite period is known as perpetual income.
Deferred Income:
Income received after lapse of certain period is termed as deferred income.
Capitalized Value:
Capitalized value of property is sum or amount, interest on which highest prevailing rate
would be equal to net income out of property.
Capitalize value = Net annual Return x Year’s Purchase
If Property produces net income of Rs. 4000/- per annum, purchaser desire to earn 8% on his
capital or investment according to highest prevailing rate of interest; He should pay
X * 8% = 4000
100
X = 4000 x
8
X = 4000 x 12.5
X = 50,000/-
Multiplier of net annual return to obtain capital value is known as Year’s Purchase.
Multiplier of net annual income to determine capital value is known as Year’s Purchase
and is useful to obtain capitalized value of property.
100
Year’s Purchase =
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡
A Building or machine becomes useless after certain years at end of its life. Hence it is
necessary to set aside certain amount at fixed interval, whereby owner can accumulate
a sum required for rebuilding the property at the end of the service life.
1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶
Where, IP = Maximum prevailing Rate of interest
IC = Co-efficient of Sinking Fund

Different Methods of Valuation
Appropriate application of method of valuation depends upon nature of property as well as

availability of reliable data.
When value arrived by different method are wide apart it becomes difficult to decide accurate
market value. Average of 2 or more method is taken to find out the value of the property.
A. Rental Method of Valuation
In this method, the rental income is calculated after deducting all the outgoings from gross rent
and year’s Purchase is calculated after adopting current bank interest.
Capitalized Value = Net Rent x Year’s Purchase
Net Rent = Gross Rent – Out Goings.
When rent has been decided and likely to be maintained for the years to come, Rental method
of valuation is adopted for finding out market value of the property.
Q.2 Gross Rent of the property is Rs. 20,000/- per annum allowing 10% as deduction for
repair and maintenance and management of the property. Estimate rental value of the
property at maximum prevailing rate of interest of 10%
Capitalized Value = Net Income x Year’s Purchase
Net Income = Gross Income – Out Goings
1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶
Solution:
Gross Rent = 20,000/-
Deduction for Repair and Maintenance = 10 % of Gross Rent
Repair and Maintenance = 10% of 20,000 = Rs. 2,000/-
Net Rent Per Annum = Gross rent – Out Going expenses
Net Rent per Annum = 20,000 – 2,000
Net Rent per Annum = 18,000
Since Sinking Rate of interest on Sinking fund is not Given Year’s Purchase becomes,
1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃

1
Year’s Purchase = 10 = 100
10
= 10
100
Rental Value of the Property = Net Rent x Year’s Purchase
Rental Value of the Property = 18,000 x 10
Rental Value of the Property = Rs. 1, 80,000/-
Q.3 Property Produces net annual income of Rs. 12,000/- for next 30 Years. Owner expects a
return of 8% on his capital and also set apart sinking fund @ 6% annually to replace the
capital. Determine the value of the property.
1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶
Net Income = Net Annual Income = Rs. 12,000/-
1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶
Where, IP = Maximum prevailing Rate of interest = 8 % = 0.08
IC = Co-efficient of Sinking Fund; n = 30 Years
𝑖
IC = Co-efficient of Sinking Fund =
(1+𝑖)𝑛 −1
0.06
𝐼𝑐 = = 0.0126
(1 + 0.06)30 − 1
1 1
Year’s Purchase = = = 10.799
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶 0.08+ 0.0126

Capitalized Value = 12,000 x 10.799
Capitalized Value = Rs. 1, 29,589/-
Q.4 Owner gets net annual rent of Rs. 3,500/- Future life of building is estimated to be 12
years, but if recommended repairs are carried out immediately at an estimated cost of 30,000,
it is expected to last for at least 30 years.
Assume rate of interest on capital and sinking fund as 8%. Determine whether it is
economical to carry out repair of the building or leave it as it is.
Case I: Value before Repair
1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶
Where, IP = Maximum prevailing Rate of interest = 8% = 0.08
𝑖
(1+𝑖)𝑛 −1
0.08
𝐼𝑐 = = 0.0527
(1 + 0.08)12 − 1
1 1
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶 0.08+ 0.0527
Capitalized Value = Rs. 26,375.28/-

Case I: Value after Repair
1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶
𝑖
(1+𝑖)𝑛 −1
0.08
𝐼𝑐 = = 0.0088
(1 + 0.08)30 − 1
1 1
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶 0.08+ 0.0088
Capitalized Value = Rs. 39,414.41/-
Difference of Value after and before Repair = 39,414 – 26,376
Difference of Value after and before Repair = Rs. 13,039.13/-
Ans: As the value of the property increases by only Rs. 13,039.73/- on investment of Rs.
30,000/- , it is not Recommendable to carry out the repair and maintenance work.

B. PROFIT BASED VALUATION
This is very much similar to rental method of valuation and most applicable for valuation of
hotel cinema hall shops etc.
In this method, net profit or net income is worked out after deducting all the possible outgoing
expenses.
1. Work out the valuation of the multiplex with following data
Cost of land = 1,20,000/-
Gross income per year = 7,50,000/-
Expenses
Staff Salary, Electrical charges, municipal 30 % of gross income

charges –
Repair and maintenance of equipment and furniture worth 9,50,000/- is at 5%
Scrap value 10% of cost of construction
Sinking fund for 25 Years @ 4% for Machinery
Insurance Premium : 10000/-
Assume Years Purchase for 60 Years @ Prevailing rate of interest @ 8%
Annual Repair of House @ 2% on Gross

Income
Solution:
1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶
Gross Income = Rs. 7, 50,000/-

Out Goings =
a. Staff Salary, electric and municipal charges

= 30 % of gross income
= 30 % of 7, 50,000/-
= Rs. 2, 25,000/-
b. Repair and Maintenance of Equipment’s

= 5 % of Cost of Equipment’s
= 5% of 9, 50,000/-
= Rs. 47,500/-
c. Sinking Fund for Machinery at 4%
(1+𝑖)𝑛 −1
Where
C = 9, 50,000/-
S = Scrap Value = 10% of 9, 50,000/-
i= Rate of interest = 4%
n = Service Life = 25 Years
(9,50,000−95000) x 0.04
= Rs. 20,530/-
(1+0.04)25 −1
d. Insurance Premium per Year = Rs. 10,000/-
e. Annual Repair At 2% of Gross Income

= 2 % of Gross Income
= 2% of 7, 50,000/-
= Rs. 15,000/-
Gross Income = 7, 50,000/-

Out Goings = 2, 25,000 + 47,500 + 20,530 +10,000 +15,000 = 3, 18,030/-
Net Income = 7, 50,000 – 3, 18,030 = Rs. 4, 31,970 /-

1
Year’s Purchase =
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶
𝑖
(1+𝑖)𝑛 −1
0.04
𝐼𝑐 = = 0.00420
(1 + 0.04)60 − 1
1 1
𝐼𝑃 + 𝐼𝐶 0.08+ 0.00420
Capitalized Value = 4, 31,970 x 11.88
Capitalized Value = Rs. 51, 31,803.6/-
Total Value = Value of the Multiplex + Value of Land
Total Value = 51, 31,803.60+ 1, 20,000
Total Value = Rs. 52, 51,803.6/-

Fixation of Rent
Standard rent is the rent which may be charged to tenant under the law.
The rent is determined from value of property. Greater the value of property, Greater is the
rent.
Method of fixation of rent is just reverse of rental method of valuation of property
Procedure to determine the standard Rent:
a. Standard rent or Gross Rent = Net Return or Net Rent + Out Goings
b. Calculate annual Net Return as summation of :
1. A Certain annual interest on cost of construction of building including cost of water
supply and sanitary work, electric installations etc.
2. Certain annual interest on cost of land is considered.
Rate of interest on land may be same or bit less than the rate of interest for cost of
construction.
3. Out Goings – All the Expenses.
Q.1 New Building having six equal flats is constructed at the cost of Rs. 3,00,000/- on plot of
land costing Rs. 1,00,000/-
Owner Expects 12%Return on cost of construction and
8% Returns on cost of land.
Calculate standard Rent for each flat of building considering:
a. Future life of building – 70 Years

b. Scrap Value – 10% of Cost of Construction
c. Interest on Sinking Fund is 6%
d. Annual Repairs at 1% of cost of construction
e. Other outgoings at 30% of net return or net income from building
Solution:
Annual Net Return
1. Return on building at 12% of cost of construction

=12 % of cost of construction
= 12 % of 3, 00,000/-
=Rs. 36,000/-
2. Return on land @ 8% of cost of land

= 8% of cost of land
=8% of 1, 00,000/-
=Rs. 8,000/-
Total Annual Net Return = 36,000 + 8,000 = Rs. 44,000/-

Gross Rent = Net Rent + Out Goings
OUT- GOINGS
a) Sinking Fund
(𝐶 − 𝑆) x 𝑖
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
Where
C = Rs. 3, 00,000/-
S = Scrap Value = 10% of 3, 00,000 = Rs. 30,000/-
(3,00,000−30,000) x 0.06
= Rs. 278.94/-
(1+0.06)70 −1
b) Annual Repair = 1 % of construction cost
Annual Repair = 1 % of 3, 00,000/-
Annual Repair = Rs. 3,000/-
c) Other Out Goings = 30 % of Net Return
Other Out Goings = 30 % of 44,000/-
Other Out Goings = Rs. 13,200/-
Total Out- Goings = Sinking Fund + Annual Repair + Other Out Goings
Total Out- Goings = 278.94 + 3,000 +13,200
Total Out- Goings = Rs.16, 478.94 /-
Gross Rent per Year = Net Return + Out Goings
Gross Rent per Year = 44,000 + 16,478.94
Gross Rent per Year = 60,478.94
𝟔𝟎,𝟒𝟕𝟖.𝟗𝟒
Standard Rent Per month of 6 flats = = 839.98 = Rs.840 /Month/ Flat
(𝟏𝟐 𝒙 𝟔)

Q.2 Building is Constructed at a cost of Rs. 2, 50,000/- on land purchased at Rs. 50,000/-
Owner of the property Expects return of 9% on cost of construction and
8% Returns on cost of land.
Calculate standard Rent for each flat of building considering:
a. Future life of building – 60 Years

b. Scrap Value – 10% of Cost of Construction
c. Rate of Interest on Sinking Fund is 6%
d. Annual Repairs at 1.5 % of cost of construction
e. Other outgoings at 28 % of net income of the property.
Solution:
Annual Net Return
3. Return on building at 9 % of cost of construction

= 9 % of cost of construction
= 9 % of 2, 50,000/-
= Rs. 22,500/-
4. Return on land @ 8% of cost of land

= 8% of cost of land
= 8% of 50,000/-
= Rs. 4,000/-
Total Annual Net Return = 22,500 + 4,000 = Rs. 26,500/-
Gross Rent = Net Rent + Out Goings
OUT- GOINGS
d) Sinking Fund
(𝐶 − 𝑆) x 𝑖
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
Where
C = Rs. 2, 50,000/-
S = Scrap Value = 10% of 2, 50,000 = Rs. 25,000/-
(2,50,000−25,000) x 0.06
= Rs. 562.71/-
(1+0.06)60 −1
e) Annual Repair = 1.5 % of construction cost
Annual Repair = 1.5 % of 2, 50,000/-

Annual Repair = Rs. 3,750/-

f) Other Out Goings = 28 % of Net Return
Other Out Goings = 30 % of 26,500/-
Other Out Goings = Rs. 7,420/-
Total Out- Goings = Sinking Fund + Annual Repair + Other Out Goings
Total Out- Goings = 562.71 + 3,750 +7,420
Total Out- Goings = Rs. 11,732.71/-
Gross Rent per Year = Net Return + Out Goings
Gross Rent per Year = 26,500 + 11,732.71
Gross Rent per Year = Rs. 38,232.71/-
𝟑𝟖,𝟐𝟑𝟐.𝟕𝟏
Standard Rent Per month of 6 flats = = 3,186.05 = Rs. 3,186.05 /Month
𝟏𝟐

Valuation of Building
By this method, valuation is considered to be initial cost minus depreciation.
Rate of Depreciation and life span of the building depends on quality of maintenance and
quality of material used.
For Depreciation % cost of building may be deducted.
Age Rate of Depreciation Total Depreciation

0 to 5 Years Nil Nil
5 to 10 Years 0.5 % 5 x 0.5 % = 2.5 %
10 to 20 Years 0.75 % 10 x 0.75% = 7.5%
20 to 40 Years 1% 20 x 1% = 20%
40 to 80 Years 1.5 % 40 x 1.5% = 60 %
Balance 10% for Scrap Value Grand Total = 90%
Q.1 A person has purchased an old two storied building in vacant land measuring 170 Sq.
Meter having total plinth area of 110 m2 for an amount Rs. 1,10,000/-
Life of the building is 45 years. If present value of land is 320/- Per m2
Present plinth area rate to construct such building is 900/- per m2
Workout the valuation to compare the purchase value.
Solution:
Cost of the building = Plinth area x Plinth area rate
Cost of the building = 110 x 900
Cost of the building = Rs. 99,000/-
Age Rate of Depreciation Total Depreciation

0 to 5 Years Nil Nil
5 to 10 Years 0.5 % 5 x 0.5 % = 2.5 %
10 to 20 Years 0.75 % 10 x 0.75% = 7.5%
20 to 40 Years 1% 20 x 1% = 20%
40 to 45 Years 1.5 % 5 x 1.5% = 7.5 %
Total 37.5%
Amount of Depreciation = 37.5% of 99,000/-
Amount of Depreciation = Rs. 37,125/-
Depreciated Cost = 99,000 - 37,125 = Rs. 61,875/-
Cost of land = 170 x 320 = Rs. 54,400/-
Total Value = 61,875 + 54,400 = 1, 16,275 /-
Person has purchased the property at Rs. 1, 10,000/-
Amount of Gain = 1, 16,275 -1, 10,000 = Rs. 6,275/-

BELTING METHOD OF VALUATION
Value of plot of land has great bearing on its road frontage.
Frontage land has greater value than back land, so in order to find out more realistic value of
land, entire plot is divided into number of convenient strips by lines parallel to line of road.
Each such strip of land is called as belt.
Depth of front belt is ascertained on consideration of depth of land to which maximum value
extends.
Then a relationship regarding value and depth of each belt to front belt is fixed up.
Multiply area of each belt by respective rate per unit area.
After summing up value of each belt, value of entire plot of land can be known.
This system of valuation is known as Belting Method of Valuation.

A property consists of a South facing plot of land, which measures 60 m road frontage, 180
m in length and far side 80 m respectively. It consists of an old two storied building, having
a total cubical content of 2840 cubic meters. Assuming prime cost of construction of the
building as Rs. 500/- per cubic meter and allowing 10% of old material’s value only for the
building, what would you recommend as the fair value of the property, if the front belt land
(depth of front belt being 25m) be estimated at Rs. 900/- per sq.m?
Solution: -
Depth of front belt = 25m;
Depth of 2nd belt = 1.5 X25 = 37.5 m;
Remaining 3rd belt depth = 180 – 25 – 37.5 = 117.5 m
Plot Area in Sq m Rate Amount

(Area x Rate)
First Belt 60 x 25 = 1500 V1 = 900 13,50,000
Second Belt 60 x 37.5 = 2250 V2= 2/3 V1 = 600 13,50,000
Third Belt 60 x 117.5 = 7050 V3= ½ V1 = 450 31,72,500
First Belt Recessed ½ x 25 x 2.8 = 35 VFBR = ¾ V1 = 675 23,625
Second Belt Recessed ½ x (2.8+7) x 37.5 = 183.75 VSBR = ¾ V2 = 450 82,687.5
Third Belt Recessed ½ x (7 + 20) x 117.5 = 1586 VTBR = ¾ V3 = 337.5 5,35,275
Total 65,14,087.5
Prime cost of construction of building = Rs 500 x 2840 = Rs. 14, 20, 000/-
Scrap Value = 10% x Rs. 14, 20, 000/-
∴ Value of the property = value of plot + value of building
= Rs. 65, 14,087.5/- + Rs. 1, 42,000/-
= Rs. 66, 56,087.5/-

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Semester VII

Subject Code Subject Name Credits

Module Sub-Modules/ Contents Periods

At the end of this course, the students will be able to:

Distribution of Term Work Marks:

Item Quantity Unit

Carpet Area + Horizontal Circulation Area + Vertical Circulation area

Horizontal Circulation Area: 15% Plinth Area

1 PA: Carpet Area+ 0.15 x P.A. + 0.05 x P.A. + 0.10 x P.A.

Avg. Cost of Construction of Superstructure: 4714.285714 x 10000

Avg. Cost of Construction of Foundation: 20% x Cost of Superstructure

Add For Services

Overall cost = Cost of Construction + Cost for Services

Add for Contengency: 5% x 70,714,285.71

Work Charge Est: 10% x 70,714,285.71

4/6/14 Prepare an Approximate estimate for (G+10) Storeyed residential building to

Carpet Area + Horizontal Circulation Area + Vertical Circulation area

Horizontal Circulation Area: 15% Plinth Area

Avg. Cost of Construction of Superstructure: 11000 x 8000

Avg. Cost of Construction of Foundation: 20% x Cost of Superstructure

Add For Services

Overall cost = Cost of Construction + Cost for Services

Add for Contengency: 5% x 132,000,000.00

Work Charge Est: 10% x 132,000,000.00

Item Quantity Unit

Carpet Area + Horizontal Circulation Area + Vertical Circulation area

Horizontal Circulation Area: 15% Plinth Area

Avg. Cost of Construction of Superstructure: 257.1428571 x 7500

Avg. Cost of Construction of Foundation: 20% x Cost of Superstructure

Add For Services

Overall cost = Cost of Construction + Cost for Services

Add for Contengency: 5% x 2,892,857.14

Work Charge Est: 10% x 2,892,857.14

Consider Rate of Superstructure: 8000/ M2

Carpet Area + Horizontal Circulation Area + Vertical Circulation area

Horizontal Circulation Area: 15% Plinth Area

Avg. Cost of Construction of Superstructure: 2742.857143 x 8000

Avg. Cost of Construction of Foundation: 20% x Cost of Superstructure

Add For Services

Overall cost = Cost of Construction + Cost for Services

Add for Contengency: 5% x 32,914,285.71

Work Charge Est: 10% x 32,914,285.71

Prepare an preliminary estimate for the student hostel (Load bearing

Carpet Area + Horizontal Circulation Area + Vertical Circulation area

Horizontal Circulation Area: 15% Plinth Area

Avg. Cost of Construction of Superstructure: 1538.461538 x 6500

Avg. Cost of Construction of Foundation: 20% x Cost of Superstructure

Add For Services

Overall cost = Cost of Construction + Cost for Services

Add for Contengency: 5% x 15,000,000.00

Work Charge Est: 10% x 15,000,000.00

Grand Total = Overall Cost + Contengencies + Work Charged Establishment

Prepare an preliminary estimate for the School building (Load bearing

Carpet Area + Horizontal Circulation Area + Vertical Circulation area

Horizontal Circulation Area: 15% Plinth Area

Avg. Cost of Construction of Superstructure: 1107.692308 x 6500

Avg. Cost of Construction of Foundation: 20% x Cost of Superstructure

Add For Services